Orange Rust of Sugarcane: Its Importance and Control - CEDAF
Orange Rust of Sugarcane: Its Importance and Control - CEDAF
Orange Rust of Sugarcane: Its Importance and Control - CEDAF
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<strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sugarcane</strong>:<strong>Its</strong> <strong>Importance</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Control</strong>Richard N. RaidUniversity <strong>of</strong> FloridaEverglades Research <strong>and</strong> Education CenterBelle Glade, FL 33430rnr@ifas.ufl.edu
Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sugarcane</strong> <strong>Rust</strong>sBrown <strong>Rust</strong>Uredinia (Pustules)– Reddish-brown– Elongate<strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong>Uredinia (Pustules)– <strong>Orange</strong>-brown– More oval
Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sugarcane</strong><strong>Rust</strong> SporesBrown<strong>Orange</strong>
Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sugarcane</strong><strong>Rust</strong> SporesPictures by Lisa CastleburyBrown rust sporesWall 1.5 µ thick<strong>Orange</strong> rust sporesThickened at apex
<strong>Sugarcane</strong> <strong>Rust</strong>s<strong>Orange</strong> <strong>and</strong> brown rusts are favored bydifferent temperatures, which affects thetime <strong>of</strong> the season during which theypredominate.Brown rust (moderate temperatures) isfavored in the spring, mostly March-May.May.<strong>Orange</strong> rust (warm temperatures) isfavored in early summer through fall(June-November).
<strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong> in FloridaA brief history(2008)Infections observed in early MayInfections observed on CP80-1743, CL85-1040, CP72-2086, 2086, <strong>and</strong> eventually CP89-2143Epidemic lasted from early summerthrough harvest<strong>Rust</strong> severities ranging as high as 30-40%Pyraclostrobin <strong>and</strong> metconazole approvedfor useCommercial yield losses confirmed
<strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong> in the AmericasLocationDetectedUnited States (Florida)2007 (June)Costa Rica2007 (August)Guatemala2007 (September)Nicaragua2007 (September)Cuba 2008Mexico2008 (July)Panama2008 (February)El Salvador2008 (February)Jamaica 2008Belize 2009Brazil2009 (December)
<strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong> Severities2008 vs 2009403530200820092520151050May June July August Sept
Host Plant Resistance
Host Plant ResistanceYearCommercial VarietiesWith Pustules2007 CP80-1743, CP72-2086, CL85-10402008 CP80-1743, CP72-2086, CL85-1040CP83-2143, CP78-16282009 CP80-1743, CP72-2086, CL85-1040CP83-2143, CP78-1628CP88-1672
Cultivar Susceptibility 2007
Cultivar Susceptibility 2008
Cultivar Susceptibility 2009
<strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong> Yield Loss TrialEREC - 2008
2008 Yield Components% Reductions – CL 85-1040% Reduction6050403020Stk DensityStk BiomassTons <strong>of</strong> CaneSugar/TonSugar/Acre100Yield component comparisons between the untreated check <strong>and</strong>the 7-day spray interval on CL85-1040, an orange rust susceptiblevariety.
<strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong> Fungicides2008 Commercial TrialsCP80-1743 on June 11Two pyraclostrobin applications(10 oz on May 10, 12 oz on June 6)Photo courtesy <strong>of</strong> J. Shine <strong>and</strong> Wedgworth Farms
Influence <strong>of</strong> fungicide initiationon orange rust severity in CL85-1040during 2009% <strong>Rust</strong> Severity (upper half canopy)454035302520151050July Aug Sept Check
Influence <strong>of</strong> fungicide initiationon sugar yield <strong>of</strong> CL85-1040during 2009Lbs <strong>of</strong> sugar per acre1600014000120001000080006000400020000July Aug Sept Untreated
<strong>Sugarcane</strong> <strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong>ConclusionsDue to its long-distance spreadcapabilities, orange rust will likely spreadto all sugarcane growing countries withinthe Americas.Host plant resistance is available but maynot be stable due to the presence <strong>of</strong> rustvariants.Given favorable conditions, orange rust iscapable <strong>of</strong> causing yield losses in excess<strong>of</strong> 50%.
<strong>Sugarcane</strong> <strong>Orange</strong> <strong>Rust</strong>Conclusions<strong>Control</strong>led temperature studies show ORto be favored by temperatures <strong>of</strong> 20-25 25 C.These studies will prove valuable indefining “risk zones” for potentialmanagement.Fungicides, particularly strobilurins <strong>and</strong>triazoles, have demonstrated efficacy.However, chemical control should beviewed as only one tool in a multi-prongedmanagement program.
AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by a grant fromUSDA-TSTAR <strong>and</strong> is a cooperative effort<strong>of</strong> the USDA <strong>Sugarcane</strong> Field Station (Dr.Jack Comstock), the University <strong>of</strong> PuertoRico (Dr. Luis Perez-Alegria), <strong>and</strong> theUniversity <strong>of</strong> Florida.Financial <strong>and</strong> logistic support <strong>of</strong> theFlorida <strong>Sugarcane</strong> Industry <strong>and</strong> theAgrichemical Industry is also appreciated.
THANK YOU!
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