Azolla - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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AzollaThe Azolla collection contains 501 strainsoriginating from 55 countries (Table 3.Fig. 1). About 56% of the strains are fromAsia and Oceania, 4.2% from Europe, 24.8% fromNorth and Latin America, and 7.8% from Africa.Thirty-five percent of the Asian strains are hybrids,progenies of self-fertilization, mutants, and redistributednonindigenous strains. Sexual hybrids andalgal hybrids ( Azolla with nonhomologousAnabaena ) are the most important accessions.These occupy 25% of the Azolla collection. Theclassified strains are distributed among sevenspecies and two subspecies. Azolla pinnata var.imbricata and A. microphylla are the most commonspecies. The collection is intended to becomprehensive, and to be used for applied andbasic research.Accessions are preserved in a vegetative stage.Accessions would be easiest kept as sporocarps.However, many strains do not sporulate, andprogeny of sporocarps shon- genetic segregation.Thus, preservation as sporocarps is not advisable.Shoot-tip cultures can be maintained longer(2-3 mo) than vegetative cultures (14 d). Allstrains are being transferred to shoot-tip culture.Identification of accessionsTaxonomy. The seven extant Azolla species areclassified into two sections:Section Azolla (formerly Euazolla )A. filiculoides (Lamarck 1783)A. rubra (R. Brown 1810)A. mexicana (Presl 1845)A. caroliniana (Willdenow 1810)A. microphylla (Kaulfuss 1824)Section RhizospermaA. pinnata (R. Brown 1810)A. nilotica (De Caisne [Mettenius] 1867)Some authors combine A. rubra withA. filiculoides. Azolla japonica Nakai collectedfrom Japan was reidentified as A. filiculoides.Azolla pinnata has two varieties—var. imbricataand var. pinnata. Although the identity ofA. caroliniana is in doubt (Dunham and FowlerTable 3. Distribution of strains of the Azolla collection, June 1991.SpeciesHybrids obtained byRegular Anabaena-freestrains strains a Algal SexualTotal Figurestransfer hybridizationA. caroliniana 66 1 0 0 67 1 a,bA. filiculoides 75 13 4 6 98 1 c,dA. mexicana 26 0 0 27 53 1 e,fA. microphylla 55 4 19 52 130 1 g,hA. nilotica 3 0 0 0 3 1 iA. pinnata var. imbricata 91 1 0 0 92 1 jA. pinnata var. pinnata 41 1 0 0 42 1 k,l,mA. rubra 4 0 0 0 4 1 nUnclassified (?) 11 1 0 0 12Total 372 21 23 85 501a Anabaena - free Azolla obtained from sexual hybrids are counted as Anabaena -free. Sexual hybrids include putative ones.5
16 mm20 mm1a. A. caroliniana (Acc. no. CA 3001).1b. Massulae in microsporocarpsof A. caroliniana(section Azolla).1e. A. mexicana (Acc no. ME 2001).1f. Megasporocarp ofA. mexicana20 mm18 mm1c. A. filiculoides (Acc. no. FI 1001).1d. Megasporocarp ofA. filiculoides1g. A. microphylla (Acc. no. MI 4018).1h. Megasporocarp ofA. microphylla6
Page 3 and 4: The International Rice Research Ins
Page 6: ForewordThe revolutionary increase
Page 9 and 10: fixing organisms are either phototr
Page 14 and 15: 1m. Massulae in microsporocarpsof A
Page 16 and 17: and inoculate again into another me
Page 18 and 19: Blue-green AlgaeThe blue-green alga
Page 20 and 21: of variable thickness is usually ea
Page 22: with a Macintosh computer, a hard d
Page 25 and 26: Some characteristics of the legume
Page 28: References CitedAllen O N, Allen E
Page 31 and 32: Watanabe I, Lin Chang, Ramirez C, L
Page 33 and 34: N 2 fixation associated with riceIt
Page 35 and 36: AZOLLA GERMPLASM COLLECTIONSoil Mic
Page 37: BACTERIAL GERMPLASM RESOURCESSoil M
Page 42: APPENDIX IIIAbbreviationsADRAOADULA
Page 45 and 46: IRRI Code 1 Code 2 Country Location
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Page 54 and 55: IRRIcodeCode 1Code 2Countryof origi
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IRRIcodeOriginalcode/nameCountryof
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IRRI Original Country Location Envi
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IRRI Original Country Location Envi
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APPENDIX VIAquatic Legumes Collecti
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APPENDIX VIIRhizobia Collection(as
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AcknowledgmentsMany strains were ki
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