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Annex 1: Detailed Findings on Crops, Livestock and Rural Finance in the Three Equatoria States EXPANDING AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHERN SUDAN 30
Crop farming: Detailed Findings Prior to the war, farmers had a highly diversified cropping system, including cash crops such as tea, coffee and cotton. Farmers are now slowly beginning to re-establish this kind of diversity. The major food crops cultivated in Southern Sudan are: sorghum, cassava, maize, ground nuts and rice. Common horticultural crops are onion, okra, molokhia, cabbage and tomato, banana, mango, pineapple, avocado and citrus. The FAO-WFP-CFSAM data (See Tables below) indicates that the majority (80-90%) of the households in the three Equatorial states is engaged in farming. Although the data did not show the labor distribution among the household members, impressions from field visits is that women conduct most of the farming (some land preparation, planting, weeding, shared harvesting, shared marketing). There was also note of young male returnees moving to urban areas rather than staying on their land to farm, although officials stated that many are now returning due to lack of economic opportunity in towns. According to the FAO report, 2008 crop production in the Equatoria region has increased due to favorable rainfall and returnees opening more land. Land is not currently a limiting constraint, but acreage under cultivation remains very small (between 0.65 and 1.22 ha/hh). Many farmers are now bringing more land into cultivation in order to increase their production. There is a strong demand for mechanized land preparation that the government is attempting to meet through the provision of tractors. Some work has been initiated by NGOs for ox plows where soil types permit. State governments have expressed interest in having investors develop large commercial farms with the proviso that communities rights are protected and that the investor provide social benefits to the communities. Support for smallholder agricultural intensification is less clear, with varying opinions about the use of chemical fertilizers in particular. The food production situation has shown an improvement between 2007 and 2008 according to FAO- WFP CFSAM reports. While E. Equatoria remains a food deficit State, there is surplus production in the other two States. However, and in spite of the increase in crop production, there are considerable amounts of grains, legumes and vegetables imported from Uganda and sold in markets in Juba and major towns. Eastern Equatoria is generally food deficit. Even with surplus production, access to adequate food is often limited by lack of income to purchase, distance of markets and cost of transport to markets. Livestock Farming TABLE 1: FOOD DEFICIT/SURPLUS STATUS BY STATE Food surplus/deficit (tons) 2007 2008 W. Equatoria 77 938 120,909 C. Equatoria (4,893) 23,492 E. Equatoria (31,856) (22,152) Total SSudan (84,668) 47,238 Source: FAO-WFP CFSAM Livestock contribute to the food, cash income, emergency savings and social needs of most of the rural population in Southern Sudan. Estimates of livestock population in Southern Sudan range from 8 to 10.5 million of cattle, 8 to 10.5 million sheep and 8 to 11.5 goats (Sudan Operation Lifeline, 2006; FAOSTAT 2008). Livestock production is a major livelihoods asset and practice in Eastern Equatoria, and to a lesser EXPANDING AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHERN SUDAN 31
Page 1 and 2: EXPANDING AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECU
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS ACRONYMS..................
Page 5 and 6: IFAD International Fund for Agricul
Page 7 and 8: sector capacity to provide services
Page 9 and 10: • Public sector officers will und
Page 11 and 12: 1. PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT REPORT USA
Page 13 and 14: The level of poverty is extremely h
Page 15 and 16: when the rains begin later than usu
Page 17 and 18: difficult to transport surpluses to
Page 19 and 20: • Basic education accessible to 8
Page 21 and 22: 2. Past and Current USAID Investmen
Page 23 and 24: iii. Environment USAID helped to bu
Page 25 and 26: • Increasing food supply and redu
Page 27 and 28: Efforts to link increased productiv
Page 29 and 30: Soil fertility. While most official
Page 31 and 32: shelter/plastic cover. The rent cha
Page 33 and 34: literacy are major challenges to de
Page 35 and 36: 2. The need to focus In order to de
Page 37 and 38: 3. Approaches: • Market-led produ
Page 39: Component 3: Improve Capacity to Su
Page 43 and 44: Livestock policy areas: • Need to
Page 45 and 46: TABLES State/County Population 2008
Page 47 and 48: LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK POPULATION IN T
Page 49 and 50: OTHER DONOR AND INTERNATIONAL ORGAN
Page 51 and 52: Project Issues Addressed - Brief De
Page 53 and 54: Name Organization Email Internation
Page 55 and 56: Dr. John Kanisio, Dir. Gen Planning
Page 57 and 58: Annex 4: References EXPANDING AGRIC
Page 59 and 60: ICARDA News. Alternative Livelihood
Page 61 and 62: DATES: May 4, 2009, May 5, 2009 PAR
Page 63 and 64: DATE: May 4, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Int
Page 65 and 66: DATE: May 5, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Int
Page 67 and 68: DATE: May 8, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Dir
Page 69 and 70: DATE: May 8, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Lee
Page 71 and 72: DATE: May 8, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Foo
Page 73 and 74: DATE: May 10, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Ir
Page 75 and 76: DATE: May 11, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: UN
Page 77 and 78: DATE: May 12, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Ru
Page 83 and 84: − Improved roads to facilitate tr
Page 85 and 86: DATE: May 15, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Ma
Page 87 and 88: • Census Bureau Food Security Uni
Page 89 and 90: − Improve quality of Veterinary A
Page 91 and 92:
potential to develop the sector, an
Page 93 and 94:
Working with farmers: • Training
Page 95 and 96:
DATE: May 20, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: H.
Page 97:
DATE: May 27, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Pe
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