ACOUSTIC COUPLING IN PHONATION AND ITS EFFECT ON ...

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ivPage2.5.1 Traditional objective assessment of vocal function . . . . . . 282.5.2 Ambulatory assessment of vocal function . . . . . . . . . . . 302.6 Biosensing considerations for the recordings of neck surface acceleration 323 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF ACOUSTIC COUPLING DURINGCOMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE GLOTTAL CLOSURE . . . . . . . . 343.1 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1.1 Including incomplete glottal closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.1.2 Self-sustained model: general considerations . . . . . . . . . 363.1.3 Self-sustained model: driving forces and material properties 383.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.2.1 Driven glottal area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.2.2 Self-sustained model: parametric observations . . . . . . . . 503.2.3 Self-sustained model: effect of vowels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.2.4 Self-sustained model: types of incomplete closure . . . . . . 623.2.5 Self-sustained model: modeling hyperfunction . . . . . . . . 663.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 EFFECTS OF ACOUSTIC COUPLING ON TISSUE INSTABILITIES . 744.1 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754.1.1 Experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754.1.2 Subject selection and protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.1.3 Video and data processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.2.1 Initial screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.2.2 Spectrographic observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.2.3 High-speed videoendoscopy sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.2.4 Synchronous spatio-temporal observations . . . . . . . . . . 894.2.5 High-speed videoendoscopy based measures . . . . . . . . . 94
vPage4.2.6 Empirical Orthogonal Function decomposition . . . . . . . . 964.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035 BIOSENSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR SKIN SURFACE ACCELERA-TION MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055.1 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055.1.1 Tissue-borne sensitivity experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065.1.2 Air-borne sensitivity experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105.1.3 Relationship between sensitivities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145.2.1 Acoustic protection of sensors with BAIs . . . . . . . . . . . 1165.2.2 Effect of sensor placement and mounting conditions . . . . . 1185.3 Application notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225.3.1 Knowles accelerometer mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225.3.2 Using the sensitivities to discriminate components . . . . . . 1235.3.3 Translating the sensitivities and TAR curves for other applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1256 COUPLED AND UNCOUPLED IMPEDANCE-BASED INVERSE FIL-TERING FROM ORAL AIRFLOW AND NECK SURFACE ACCELER-ATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276.1 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276.1.1 Impedance-based inverse filtering: general considerations . . 1276.1.2 Experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1336.1.3 Estimation the tract acoustic impedances . . . . . . . . . . . 1366.1.4 Estimation the glottal acoustic impedance . . . . . . . . . . 1376.1.5 Estimation of skin properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1406.2 Evaluation of the inverse filtering scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1406.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Page 2 and 3: iiACKNOWLEDGMENTSI am truly gratefu
Page 6 and 7: viPage6.3.1 Evaluation of uncoupled
Page 8 and 9: viiiTablePage4.3 HSV measures taken
Page 10 and 11: xFigurePage4.4 Downward pitch glide
Page 12 and 13: xiiFigurePage5.12 Application of ai
Page 14 and 15: xivFigurePage6.26 Uncoupled glottal
Page 16 and 17: xviABBREVIATIONSAC Alternating curr
Page 18 and 19: 11. INTRODUCTIONThis chapter introd
Page 20 and 21: 3methods incorrectly suppress rippl
Page 22 and 23: 5this hypothesis would validate cur
Page 24 and 25: 72. BACKGROUNDThe increasing intere
Page 26 and 27: 9flow in the vocal tract in time do
Page 28 and 29: 112.1.2 The glottal impedanceThe gl
Page 30 and 31: 13with previous considerations on t
Page 32 and 33: 152.1.4 Self-oscillating models of
Page 34 and 35: 17few high-order models are known t
Page 36 and 37: 19known as non-modal phonation. Non
Page 38 and 39: 212.3 Bifurcations in voice product
Page 40 and 41: 23Numerical models have also served
Page 42 and 43: 25an all-pole system, this instabil
Page 44 and 45: 27data points to obtain an acceptab
Page 46 and 47: 29High-speed video is expected to s
Page 48 and 49: 31recordings of normal vocal activi
Page 50 and 51: 33ject’s radiated voice in the ro
Page 52 and 53: 35simply increasing the body stiffn
Page 54 and 55:
37quently proposed [74,97]. However
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39was used, where the index α indi
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41P kd = (P s + p s − p o )/(1
Page 60 and 61:
43Table 3.1Material properties used
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451.5Glottis10.5Radius (cm)0Subglot
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471500Glottal airflowUoUg1500Glotta
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49a different origin. In all cases,
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51Data from recordings on human sub
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530.04Driving forces0.05Driving for
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55500400Intraglottal pressure distr
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Table 3.5Simulations from body-cove
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Table 3.7Simulations from body-cove
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61When contrasting incomplete closu
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63800700Glottal airflowUoUg50040030
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65Table 3.8Summary of selected glot
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671000900Glottal airflowUoUg500400G
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69Table 3.9Summary of selected glot
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713.3 DiscussionThe initial observa
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73chapter better represented the no
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754.1 MethodsThe vocal exercises an
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Fig. 4.1. High-speed video measurem
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79from the subject’s mouth (air-b
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81Instabilities occurring when F 0
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83Fig. 4.3. Endoscopic view obtaine
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85Table 4.1Pitch glides exhibiting
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87CV mask and endoscope on the unst
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89excursion was observed right befo
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91the 50 ms following the break. Th
Page 110 and 111:
Fig. 4.9. Synchronous representatio
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95Table 4.3HSV measures taken from
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970Falsetto register0Chest register
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99To better describe the EOF weight
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101the acoustically-induced case wh
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103to evaluate the most adequate cl
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1055. BIOSENSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR
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107artificial compound (Akton of 1/
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Fig. 5.2. Bioacoustic Transducer Te
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111subjects were in the 20-30 age r
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1135.1.3 Relationship between sensi
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115Fig. 5.4. Tissue-borne and air-b
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Fig. 5.5. Effect on the air-borne s
Page 136 and 137:
119Fig. 5.7. Changes in the respons
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Fig. 5.9. Effect of different surfa
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123favoring the tissue-borne path b
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1255.3.3 Translating the sensitivit
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1276. COUPLED AND UNCOUPLED IMPEDAN
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129Fig. 6.1. Representation of a di
Page 148 and 149:
131(a) Vowel /a/(b) Vowel /i/Fig. 6
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133andZ rad = jωM accA acc. (6.10)
Page 152 and 153:
135Fig. 6.6. Laser grid used for HS
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137experimentally [64] and thus wer
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139viscous losses, inertance, and c
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141schemes were noted, particularly
Page 160 and 161:
143Airflow (cm 3 /s)400350300250200
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145Nevertheless, it was noted that
Page 164 and 165:
147Airflow (cm 3 /s)350300250200150
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149(a) Vowel /a/ - fully open(b) Vo
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151for the chest register. These tr
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153750700Estimates from glottal air
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155It is noticeable from these comp
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157300250Estimates of glottal airfl
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159250200Estimates of glottal airfl
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161signal to derive useful quantiti
Page 180 and 181:
163invariant impedance ( ˜Z g ), d
Page 182 and 183:
165Uncoupled glottal volume velocit
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167500450400Linearized glottal impe
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169500450400Linearized glottal impe
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171The estimated uncoupled airflows
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173600500Uncoupled glottal volume v
Page 192 and 193:
175600500Uncoupled glottal volume v
Page 194 and 195:
177200Linearized glottal impedanceZ
Page 196 and 197:
179Uncoupled glottal volume velocit
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1816.4 DiscussionNumerical simulati
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183less pronounced coupling (i.e.,
Page 202 and 203:
1857. CONCLUSIONSThe principal aims
Page 204 and 205:
187The biosensing experiments indic
Page 206 and 207:
LIST OF REFERENCES
Page 208 and 209:
190[13] K. N. Stevens, Acoustic pho
Page 210 and 211:
192[42] B. H. Story and I. R. Titze
Page 212 and 213:
194[74] I. R. Titze, “Regulating
Page 214 and 215:
196[105] C. Tao and J. J. Jiang,
Page 216 and 217:
198[135] J. Makhoul, “Linear pred
Page 218 and 219:
200[166] J. Xu, J. Cheng, and Y. Wu
Page 220 and 221:
202[194] J. G. Švec, F. Šram, and
Page 222 and 223:
VITA
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