E-Book of Articles - World Federation of Music Therapy

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Sutton, Julie; Beyond the Ordinairy Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma Numbing of general responsiveness Persistent symptoms of increased arousal Disturbance must cause clinically significant distress / impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning. SYMPTOMS MUST BE PRESENT FOR MORE THAN ONE MONTH. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual more recently included an expanded definition, including associated features, of which Acute Stress Disorder is a disaster-related diagnosis 19 . 2. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER 20 Now included in DSM-IV and recognises: The potentially high level of distress that an individual can experience in the acute trauma phase; The potential for this distress to predict PTSD (shows a potential process leading to PTSD); 3 symptoms of dissociation (e.g. sense of numbing or detachment; reduced awareness or surroundings; de-realisation; de- personalisation; dissociative amnesia) 1 re-experiencing symptom marked avoidance marked anxiety evidence of significant distress / impairment SYMPTOMS OCCUR WITHIN 4 WEEKS OF EVENT AND RESOLVE WITHIN THAT 4-WEEK PERIOD. 19 Associated features also include: organic mental disorders (as a result of head injury, toxic exposure, etc.); adjustment disorder; substance use disorders; major depression; generalised anxiety disorder, as well as grief reactions and other normal responses to an abnormal event. 20 DSM-IV as before 226
Sutton, Julie; Beyond the Ordinairy SYMPTOMS LAST FOR AT LEAST 2 DAYS AND NOT AFTER 4 WEEKS. In relation to these descriptions of psychiatric disorders, for many exposed to a traumatic event there follows a period of 48 hours during which there is experience of symptoms such as flashbacks, anxiety states, numbing and arousal. The key feature is that these symptoms are transitory and decrease after this point. In a recent publication 21 , Caroline Garland, clinical psychologist, psychoanalyst and head of the Unit for the UK Study of Trauma and Its Aftermath, described trauma as "a kind of wound". She thinks of a traumatic event as one where the protective filtering processes we use to feel safe in the world become overwhelmed and useless. Exposure to a traumatic event will connect with events and experiences from the past. This is the viewpoint from which I will be considering trauma. While the paper is related to traumatic events, I feel that the underlying issues impact on many aspects of life, both for us and for the clients we work with. I will now return to expand on the four perspectives I outlined earlier. The environmental perspective In the UK over the past few years, news media and documentary programmes have more consciously recognised the psychological impact of traumatic events. Those affected include not only the injured, those who witnessed others being killed or injured or who witnessed the event without injury to themselves, but also those who were part of the rescue services, or part of the news teams reporting the event. Family members visiting survivors can become traumatised by the extent of injury to a relative and what they see in hospital wards where there are other survivors. Hospital and support staff are, of course, also deeply affected. For those of us not directly affected by an event any single traumatic event reported by news 21 Garland, C. (ed) (1998) Understanding Trauma. A psychoanalytical approach London, Tavistock Clinic Series 227
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E-Book of Articles Music Therapy: A
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TABLE OF CONTENTS GARY HARA........
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TABLE OF CONTENTS QUALIFICATIONS OF
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Amir, Dorit: The Role Of Music Ther
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Introduction Bonde, Lars Ole: Analo
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Bonde, Lars Ole: Analogy And Metaph
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D'ulisse, M. E..: The Educational F
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D'ulisse, M. E..: The Educational F
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D'ulisse, M. E..: For the Training
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D'ulisse, M. E.. et al.: Music Ther
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D'ulisse, M. E.. et al.: A Music Th
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D'ulisse, M. E.. et al.: Applicatio
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Fachner, Jörg: The Musical Time-Sp
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• Aims: Brain Damage? • Methods
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Pre-THC-Gavg Fachner, Jörg: The Mu
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Summary and Conclusion Fachner, Jö
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Garcia, Maria: Forms Of Expression
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Hara, Gary: Coming Together: The He
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Natalia, Johanna: Te Influence of S
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Heart rate Respiration Natalia, Joh
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Nayak, Sangeetha: Music Therapy in
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Nayak, Sangeetha: Music Therapy in
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Up to 10 treatments 3 times a week
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Nuki, Michiko et al: Effects Of Hea
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Raglio, Alfredo: Qualitative Resear
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THE PROTOCOLS TABLE IV Protocol A 3
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TABLE V: PROTOCOL B Raglio, Alfredo
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TABLE VII PROTOCOL D Raglio, Alfred
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• Prevailing tonic state (of the
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Table XII Raglio, Alfredo: Qualitat
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Table XIII Raglio, Alfredo: Qualita
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Table XV Raglio, Alfredo: Qualitati
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Page 179 and 180: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Sabbatella, Pa
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Page 269 and 270: Accreditation Wheeler, Barbara: WMF
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SUNY-New Paltz Music Department- SU
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Michael Clark, MME, MT-BC Texas Sam
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Wheeler, Barbara: WMFT Proceedings
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CLINICAL STUDIES and PRACTICE group
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Interview The JVC Handbook states t
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Clinical training: 1040 hours Wheel
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Inge Nygaard Pedersen “The Music
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