High Temperature Superconductivity in the Past Twenty Years Part 1 ...

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232values as high as 10 6 A/cm 2 . Moreover, the J c values in thefilms over longer tracks which cross many 45 ° grainboundaries reach 5×10 4 A/cm 2 [148] .5. Applications of HTS MaterialsHTS applications have been intensively studied anddeveloped since the discovery of the HTS, and significantachievements have been made both in strong current andweak current applications in a wide range [149] . The HTStechnology is well on the way to be industrialized andcommercialized. Various HTS applications including HTSwires, bulks, and films in different fields are introduced asthe part 2 of this work followed.6. SummaryMore than twenty years have been passed since HTsuperconductivitywas discovered in 1986. Various newmaterials have been found since then, and the T c of superconductingmaterials has increased to 164 K at highpressure. Various HTS material systems have been wellestablished and developed to suit practical applications. Toobtain superconductivity at room temperature, however, isstill unpredictable, although the theoretical basis ofHT-superconductivity has been developed; the HT-superconductivitymechanism still needs to be validated andconfirmed in the near future.AcknowledgmentThe author gratefully thanks L. H. Zheng for providingassistance to this work.References[1] J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, “Possible high T csuperconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O system,” Zeitschriftfur Phy. B-Cond. Matter, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 189-193, 1986.[2] J. R. Gavaler, “Superconductivity in Nb-Ge films above 22K,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 480-482, 1973.[3] C. W. Chu, P. H. Hor, R. L. Meng et al., “Evidence forsuperconductivity above 40 K in the La-Ba-Cu-O compoundsystem,” Phys. Review Lett., vol. 58, no. 4, pp.405-407, 1987.[4] C. W. Chu, P. H. Hor, R. L. Meng et al., “Superconductivityat 52.5 K in the lanthanum-barium-copper-oxidesystem,” Science Reports, vol. 235, pp. 567-569, Jan. 1987.[5] M. K. Wu, J. R. 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