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The mission of the Institute for Environment and Sustainability is to provide scientific-technicalsupport to the European Union’s Policies for the protection and sustainable development of theEuropean and global environment.European CommissionJoint Research CentreInstitute for Environment and SustainabilityContact informationAddress: Joint Research Centre, TP 280, 21027 Ispra (VA) ItalyE-mail: gergely.toth@jrc.itTel.: +39 0332 786483Fax: +39 0332 786394http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Legal NoticeNeither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission isresponsible for the use which might be made of this publication.Europe Direct is a service to help you find answersto your questions about the European UnionFreephone number (*):00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/JRC 46573EUR 23439 ENISBN 978-92-79-09530-6ISSN 1018-5593DOI 10.2788/87029Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities© European Communities, 2008Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledgedCover pictures, from left to right:Tangelrendsina below Pinus Montana and Rhododendron hirsutum on dolomite(Dachsteingebiet, Styria, 1700 m)Iron-podzol under pine forest (Pinus silveris) on moraine(Heinavesi, Finland)Humus-podsol on dune sands under Calluna heather with two ortstein layers (Bh1-Bh2)followed by series of ortsteinbands(Dorum, Bremen, North Sea Cost).The originals of the pictures of the cover page can be found in: W. Kubiëna (1952) “The Soils ofEurope”. The book of Kubiëna was published by the CONSEJO SUPERIOR DEINVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS (C.S.I.C.) in Madrid in 1952. The C.S.I.C. kindly providedthe permission to use these pictures for the cover page of this publication.Printed in Italy
Soils of the European UnionGergely Tóth, Luca Montanarella, Vladimir Stolbovoy, Ferenc Máté 1Katalin Bódis, Arwyn Jones, Panos Panagosand Marc Van LiedekerkeInstitute for Environment and SustainabilityLand Management and Natural Hazards UnitAction SOILEUR 23439 EN - 20081 Georgikon Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
Page 1: Soils of the European UnionGergely
Page 7 and 8: Table of ContentsAcknowledgements .
Page 9 and 10: List of MapsMap 3.1 Dominant Refere
Page 11: AcknowledgementsThis report is base
Page 14 and 15: 2. Materials and methods2.1 Soil Ge
Page 16 and 17: 2.3 Nomenclature of soil typesThe S
Page 18 and 19: Characterization of soilsThe author
Page 20 and 21: Map 3.1 DOMINANT REFERENCE SOIL GRO
Page 22 and 23: 4. Spatial distribution of the majo
Page 24 and 25: 4.2 AlbeluvisolsGeographical distri
Page 26 and 27: 4.3 AndosolsGeographical distributi
Page 28 and 29: 4.4 AnthrosolsGeographical distribu
Page 30 and 31: 4.5 ArenosolsGeographical distribut
Page 32 and 33: 4.6 CalcisolsGeographical distribut
Page 34 and 35: 4.7 CambisolsGeographical distribut
Page 36 and 37: 4.8 ChernozemsGeographical distribu
Page 38 and 39: 4.9 FluvisolsGeographical distribut
Page 40 and 41: 4.10 GleysolsGeographical distribut
Page 42 and 43: 4.11 GypsisolsGeographical distribu
Page 44 and 45: 4.12 HistosolsGeographical distribu
Page 46 and 47: 4.13 KastanozemsGeographical distri
Page 48 and 49: 4.14 LeptosolsGeographical distribu
Page 50 and 51: 4.15 LuvisolsGeographical distribut
Page 52 and 53: 4.16 PhaeozemsGeographical distribu
Page 54 and 55:
4.17 PlanosolGeographical distribut
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4.18 PodzolsGeographical distributi
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4.19 RegosolsGeographical distribut
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4.20 SolonchaksGeographical distrib
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4.21 SolonetzesGeographical distrib
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4.22 UmbrisolsGeographical distribu
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4.23 VertisolsGeographical distribu
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5. Concluding remarksA detailed inv
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Appendix 1.Correlation of soil type
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Appendix 1. continuedReference Soil
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Table 2. Sets of Reference Soil Gro
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7. Alic intergrade with the Alisol
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clear. The morphology of the bounda
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Even if 100 percent of the ped surf
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Relationships with some other diagn
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Field identification. A plinthic ho
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3. base saturation (by 1 M NH 4 OAc
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2.3 Diagnostic propertiesAbrupt tex
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a. in more than 50 percent of the s
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2.5 Other diagnostic criterionCatio
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European CommissionEUR 23439 EN - J
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The mission of the JRC is to provid
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