Ode à l’oubli, detailquilted, layered.” 17 In addition to silks, knits,tulles, organza, and netting found throughout,Bourgeois’ monogrammed linen napkinsprovided the ground for many of the pages ofthe original book on which the limited editionis based. Here embroidered lines and stitchedseams, even the organic tracery of a lace pattern,act like a kind of three-dimensional drawingon the fabric page. Stripes and checks of dressesand tablecloths infuse the modernist grid withthe intimacy of life’s moments. <strong>Art</strong>fully interwovenwith the lived histories of the fabrics, whichmark specific relationships, places, and times,is a page of text (one of two) with Bourgeois’enigmatic remark, “I had a flashback of somethingthat never existed.”For a recent homage to mother and child,Bourgeois has composed a visual Lullaby (2006).In this suite of 25 silkscreens on fabric, redsilhouettes sit atop fabric pages patterned withthe staffs of music paper. She frequently hasturned to this “found” pattern for drawings andsketchbooks (such as Memory Traces, 2002, andFugue, 2003), sometimes as an organizing structureand at other times as a foil of regularity toreact against. Here, the swollen and curved shapes,so organic and individual in character, contrastsharply with the strict linearity and repetition ofthe staff. Yet in their translation onto fabric, thestaffs, too, have an element of softness, a bit likethe blue stripes on the ticking of a mattress orpillow. 18 This exquisite coupling of emotionalintimacy and formal bravura calls to mind <strong>Art</strong>hurMiller’s observation about Bourgeois’ work:“…It is an art, first of the eye of course, butfinally of the interior life into which vision leads.In effect, she is as though talking profoundly toherself, just loudly enough to be overheard.” 19Susan L. StoopsCurator of Contemporary <strong>Art</strong>
ABOUT THE ARTISTLouise Bourgeois was born in Paris in 1911 and moved toNew York City in 1938 where she has since lived and worked.She is the first woman to be given a retrospective at the <strong>Museum</strong>of Modern <strong>Art</strong> in New York (1982), and will be the subject of aninternationally touring retrospective in 2007 being organized byTate Modern in London. She is represented in New York byCheim & Read.Louise bourgeois, 2003Photo: Nanda LanfrancoNOTES1. Louise Bourgeois, “Louise Bourgeois: Album” (1994), inBourgeois, Destruction of the Father/Reconstruction of theFather: Writings and Interviews 1923-1997, ed. Marie-LaureBernadac and Hans-Ulrich Obrist (London: VioletteEditions, 1998), 277.2. Frances Morris, Louise Bourgeois: Stitches in Time (London:August Projects in collaboration with the Irish <strong>Museum</strong> ofModern <strong>Art</strong>, Dublin and the <strong>Museum</strong> of Contemporary<strong>Art</strong>, Miami, 2005), 10.3. Morris, 324. Ibid., 20.5. At the time of her first retrospective at The <strong>Museum</strong> ofModern <strong>Art</strong> in New York, Bourgeois created a photo essaytitled “Child Abuse,” for <strong>Art</strong>forum (vol. 20, 1983, 40-47) inwhich she made public the details of her conflicted andsexually traumatic family upbringing. At its center was theconfession that her father’s English mistress was broughtinto the house as the children’s tutor, where she lived for tenyears. She describes that having to ignore this infidelity andtolerate her mother’s acquiescence during her formativeyears, put her in the role of a pawn and effectively living alie. Since then, this episode figures prominently in most ofthe written material about the artist—too much so accordingto some noted feminist critics such as Mieke Bal andAnne Wagner. But her biographer, Robert Storr, concludes“Bourgeois suffered terrible damage as a result of the stressshe experienced in the sexually immature years of her childhoodand early adolescence. The obsessional return to thosetraumatic times, and the hope-against-hope that thatdamage can be undone or patched has been the drivingforce behind everything she has made.” Robert Storr,“A Sketch for a Portrait: Louise Bourgeois,” in LouiseBourgeois (London: Phaidon, 2003), 40.6. Bourgeois, “Gerald Matt in Conversation with LouiseBourgeois,” in Louise Bourgeois. Aller-Retour, ed. GeraldMatt and Peter Weiermair (Verlag für moderne KunstNürnberg and Kunsthalle Wien, 2005), 201.7. Storr, 33.8. Rosalind Krauss, “Magician’s Game: Decades ofTransformation,” 200 Years of American Sculpture (NewYork, Whitney <strong>Museum</strong> of American <strong>Art</strong>, 1976). Excerpt inJerry Gorovoy and Pandora Tabatabai Asbaghi, LouiseBourgeois: Blue Days and Pink Days (Milan: FoundazionePrada, 1977), 100.9. Storr, 74. Harmless Woman (1969) and Torso (Self-Portrait)(1963-4) are but two such sculptures. The faceless femalerecurs as a motif in the artist’s Femme Maison (WomanHouse) images in which a house variously sits atop nakedlegs and torso. These appeared initially in the 1940s aspaintings, drawings, and prints, and most recently in 2001as a fabric sculpture.10.Robert Hughes, “Ashambles in Venice,” Time, June 28,1993. Excerpt in Gorovoy and Asbaghi, 166.11.This phrase by Bourgeois is one of two pages of text in herfabric book, Ode à l’oubli, 2004.12.Bourgeois’ reflection on The Woven Child forwarded to theauthor on June 14, 2006 via e-mail by studio director,Wendy Williams.13.Storr, 43. The multi-breasted She-Fox (1985) is a notableexample, as well as the ongoing series of Spiders (begun inthe 1990s). Symbolically, the spider—both protector andpredator—connects to the family’s business activities ofspinning, weaving, and sewing, which took place (as theyoung Louise knew firsthand) under the skilled and watchfuleye of her mother.14.Bourgeois in conversation with Deborah Wye (1981) inBernadac and Obrist, 128.15. Ann M. Wagner, “Bourgeois Prehistory, or the Ransom ofFantasies,” Oxford <strong>Art</strong> Journal, vol. 22, no. 2 (1999), 23.16.Mignon Nixon, Fantastic Reality: Louise Bourgeois and a Storyof Modern <strong>Art</strong> (London, MIT Press, 2005), 9, 67. Nixon’sbook considers Bourgeois within the context of the psychoanalytictheories of Melanie Klein, which reject the Oedipalnarratives of Freud to instead center on the role of themother in child analysis. In her reading of Klein’s account ofthe formation of subjectivity, Nixon describes “the infant’sprimitive ego as attempting to ‘build up’ a relation to theoutside world, beginning with the mother’s body.” (183)17.Amy Newman, “Louise Bourgeois Builds a Book From theFabric of Life,” The New York Times, October 17, 2004.18. In written comments from the Bourgeois Studio forwardedto the author by Cheim & Read in July 2006, the red formsare derived from the outline of tracings done by the artist ofobjects she owns. She began to see these shapes as an equivalentto musical notes and she placed them in sequence likea musical score. The curving quality of the forms refers tothe rocking that the mother does to put the child to sleep,hence the title.19. <strong>Art</strong>hur Miller, Louise Bourgeois: The Locus of Memory, 1982-1993. Excerpt in Gorovoy and Asbaghi, 216.