Functional Sustainable Kitchens - Permaculture Research Institute

Functional SustainableKitchensCathe’ Fish

CriteriaAffordableEco-safeEnergy-efficient techniquesAppropriate to locationBuild it ourselvesUses recycled as much as possible

Northern HemisphereNorthSummer CoolPorchSummer KitchenSouthWinter SunPorchWinter KitchenSolar Cooking KitchenGreenhouse

Kitchen LocationSouthEast

The ProblemThe Solution

Two Billion People Rely onWood for Daily Cooking Fuel

Two Billion People Rely onWood for Daily Cooking Fuel

Two Billion People Rely on Woodfor Daily Cooking fuelwomen and children cannot travel alone- raped

Indian Women walk for wood

Guatemala Family– cook on open fire– Use 30 pieces of woodevery day– Choice:• $25.00 month buy firewood• Walk 2 to 5 kilometers toharvest wood every 3 days

One Half World• Cook in open fires• Two million people die a year from smoke• more than malaria and tuberculosis combined• nearly as much as H.I.V

Two Billion People a DayWalk for Water

Children walking for wood or waterup to 7 hours a day

Farms 1/5 of farm organic-not enough dung

Solutions

Why Learn Sustainable Kitchens• For Yourself• For YourCommunity• For Aid Work• PersonalExperienceIs Best Teacher

Solar Energyfor KitchenAmbient temperatureInsolation

Average Sunshine per day January

Average Sunshine per day April

Functional Sustainable KitchenCooking with the Sun– Keep house cool in summer– Best tasting food– Easiest way to cook nutrient dense foods

Barbara Kerr and Sherry ColeSolar Cooking Int’l

Can Sun Really Cook FoodRegularly?YES

Bolivia

Massai

Stir fry

Solar Fish

-pastaDo Not Cook

Solar Cooking:Under-utilized World Technology

Darfur refugees in Chad

$2 day

Benefits of Solar Cooking• Consumes no fuels• Replaces wood– No loss of trees & habitat– No loss of soil and watershed– Wood short supply now

More Benefits of Solar Cooking• Eliminates work– No daily search for firewood– No risks to women and children– Frees time for other activities– No need to stir food– Helps to liberate women

More Benefits of Solar CookingFrees up valuable spaceinside home for other usesMoving cooking outsidereduces heat and smokebuildup in home

How to Solar Cook

#1 Question:How Hot Does it Get?

3 Basic Cooking Temperatures°C °FPasteurization 66 150Minimum 82 180100 212121 250Foods Don’t Burn 150 300177 350204 400232 450CFMinimum 82 180

Pots or Jars

How Long Does it Take?

Practical to Cook with the Sun?• Farmers• Workers• Families• Permaculture Designers andInstructors

Solar Cooking Tipsby Barbara KerrGet the food on early.Don’t worry about overcooking.

Most Food Does Not Over CookMust time or put in late:– Green vegetables– Cookies– Cakes– Breads

I Don’t Use Clock

Reflectors or No ReflectorsHigher TempsMust be refocusedTimedAttendedWind Blows DownNot as HotFocus onceNot timedUnattendedNo wind problemsRe-focus beneficial early morning orlate afternoon but not necessary.

Global Sun Ovensold most in USA“It didn’t work”

360 to 450 Degrees

Moving Reflector Cookers

Solar Cookers Work withDouble Glazing

Must Have Double Glazing1. Glass outer container2. Double pane glass3. Baking bag

Barbara Kerr Test LabSolar Cooking PioneerHer designs used around World– 1. First Cardboard Solar Box Cooker– 2. First Collapsible Panel Cooker– 3. First Solar Wall Oven

Build It Yourselfsolarcooking.org/plans

3 Major Types of Solar Cookers1. Solar Panel Cooker2. Solar Box Cooker3. Parabolic Cooker

1. Panel Style2. Box StyleCardboard or Wooden3. Parabolic

Build It Yourselfsolarcooking.org/plans

Solar Cooker Plans Translate to:Česky, : Indonesia, Melayu, العربيةDeutsch, Ελληνικά, Eesti, Español,‏,‏हन्द‏עִברִ‏ ית,‏ Français, ‏,فارسی,‏Italiano, Kiswahili, 한국어, Kreyòlayisyen, Lietuvių, Magyar,Nederlands, 日 本 語 , Polski,Português, Русский, Română,Shqip, Suomi, Svenska, Tagalog,ţ ğĂ, Tiếng Việt, Türkçe, Հայերեն

1. PanelStyle

BackpackerSo Many Panel Cookers

Barbara Kerr’s Original Cookit

Cook It: 250 F

Folds Small

Cook It

After Lunch: Build a Cook It

2. BoxStyle

More Solar Boxes Cookers

Collapsible Box Cooker

Build Simple Solar Box Cooker

Haiti

AfricaGnibouwa Diassana with several of hissolar box cook cookersers and apainting he made depicting thequestion: After using the last tree tocook the last food hat we will do?

Jordan

3. Parabolic

Parabolic

Boils Water

Uganda

Appropriate Technology

Parabolic

Auroville, IndiaSolar Steam for cooking

Barefoot College, Rajastan Indiaalternative learning institution“barefoot professionals”poorest of the poorstudy indigenous and traditional skills– access to• drinking water• ag water– rainwater harvesting– alternative housing– solar energy generationSolar cooking? broken

450 F

Construction: 17 daysCost: $200Yearly Cost of living:$200 a year

Barefoot Carpenter

Alok in Delhi India

Finished Solar Cooker

Culturally Appropriate

Centre for RuralTechnology inNepal2 more

"The solar wall oven is theultimate convenienceand my choice wheneverI'm not testing othermodels.“Barbara Kerr

Paul Funk Solar Wall Oven

No Reflectors

Cooking from Inside the House

SOS Sport: 210 to 260 Freflectors: 300 F

20 oz68 20-ounce recycled pop bottles = 1 SOS Sport- post-consumer PET-largest injection molded part

SOS Solar Sport with reflectors

Easy to Use

Year Round Solar CookingSolar Sport Ovenwww.solarovens.orgSummerWinter

Solar Cooker Stacking Functions1. Pasteurize baby bottles2. Stop infestations in grains and dried foods: ½” thicklayer on cookie sheet, in oven for 10 minutes, stir, 10more minutes3. Stop mold and mildew.4. Make juice: put fruit in metal colander in dark pot5. Decrystalize honey6. Melt wax for candles7. Heat compresses for sore muscles or injuries8. Sanitize diapers, sanitary cotton pads. Wash, rinse, putin pan with dark lid for one hour.9. Pasteurize ceramic garden pots & kill weed seeds, mold:put in oven for 20 minutes or 150º.10.Homemade pet food.11.Cold storage in winter

When The Clouds/ Cold Come

Gas, Wood, Electricity orRocket Stove Used to StartCooking FoodDependable Cooking Strategy

HaybasketRetained Heat CookerFireless Cooker

Household Science Rural SchoolsOntario, Canada 1918

Woodrow Wilson House in D.C.

British tank built during 1920s & 30sFireless cooker with 3 days rations. Cookingtime varied.In a 1925 letterWe prepared our dinner in the morningbefore breakfast, stowed it away in thefireless cooker and at night we set the tableand served it.

Making a Fireless Cooker at HomeCornell College of Human Ecology 1921

Haybox Principles

Make Haybox:cardboard box, newspaper

Haybox orRetained Heat CookersUse no energy

Why Women Around WorldLove Haybox Cooking1. Save on fuel-Very short cook time-Use your favorite fuel to bring to boil-Less wood smoke2. Keeps food hot for up to 24 hours3. Don’t have to be home4. Provide hot food– for children– breakfast and after school– when coming home late5. Cook enough for 2 meals-leave ½ in haybox to keep warm6. Keep cold drinks cold

CulturallyAppropriate

When The Clouds/ Cold ComeCooking with Wood and Fossil Fuels

Sustainable Kitchenand Forest ConservationReforestation to increase supply of treesFuel-efficient stoves to reduce the demand for trees

Traditional Cooking StovesUtilize only 8 – 10% of potential wood energy90% of wood wasted = more deforestation

RocketElbow

Rocket Stoves – EcoLencaDr. Larry Winiarski –Inventor of the RocketStovePedro Franco –Ceramic Rocket

Stove R & DRocket StoveEcoLenca

Malawi374# 31#92%reductionin wood

“Aprovecho” Modified Rocket Stovesvery efficient wood cooker– uses 1/10 the wood– outdoors, fireplace, greenhouse– backpackingBuild it yourself-all recycled parts

Better HeatTransferNo Soot

Rocket Stove• Add a Skirt• Spacing– 2cm– ½”

Ethiopia MIRT Stove

Henya StoveKamangu Village, Kenya

• Honduras after HurricaneMitch in 1998• Trees, Water & People• Aprovecho ResearchCenter• Honduran Association forDevelopment• in Honduras afterHurricane Mitch in 1998Justa Stove

The Justa StoveStove design is adapted to local cooking needs –metal griddle to cook tortillas

Justa Stove Empowers Women• Removes 95% of toxic &greenhouse gases fromkitchen• Reduces respiratory and eyeproblems• Clean kitchen, clean hands,clean clothes

The Estufa Justa / Eco Stove

Cook with Gas or Electricity?

Metal Bowl over Cooking Pot• Reduce energy use by more than ½

SKIRT

Functional Sustainable KitchenWater Purification

Build a Simple Still

My First Solar Water Distiller

Purified Water ProductionPer Square Meter Glass Double Pane:Winter: 2 liters per daySummer: 6 liters per dayIncreases with Reflectors

Marcos Family Juarez, MexicoPlans: El Paso Solar Energy

SolAqua Water Distiller

Yes, Sea Water

How It Works

Large Array in Mexico

Pasteurize in Black Pot

Pasteurize in Solar Panel

Solar Cooker Pasteurizes Water

Pasteurize in Solar Oven

Pasteurize with Parabolic Cooker

E Coli TestGround watersourcesolar waterpasteurization

Heat Needed to Kill MicrobesMicrobeKilled Rapidly AtWorms, Protozoa cysts Giardia,Cryptosporidium, EntamoebaBacteriaV. cholerae, E. coli, Shigella,Salmonella typhiRotavirus131°F 55°C140°F 60°CHepatitis A virus 150°F 65°CSignificant microbial inactivation of these microbes actually starts atabout 5°C (9°F) below these temperatures,although it may take a couple of minutes at the lower temperature toobtain 90 percent inactivation.)

WAPI

WAPIWAter PasteurizationIndicator• Simple thermometer• Wax melts• Water reachedpasteurization• Safe to drink• Killing Disease causingmicroorganisms

Not SafeSafe

Functional Sustainable KitchenHot Water

Batch Heater

66 beer bottles attached to a board. The bottles are connected to each other with plastic tubing so that waterflows through them.three members of his family to have a shower every day.And more than 10 families in the village have already followed suit and installed their own version

Rocket Heated Shower

Nick Ritar of MilkwoodGuilt free shower

Heating Water with CompostJean Pain-style

Functional Sustainable KitchenRefrigeration

Our Carsand Our Refrigerators

Fossil Fuel Energy

Sustainable?

Super Insulated20% energySolar ElectricSun Frost

Refrigerator with Solar Electricity

Before Refrigerators• Mesh Boxes or Cool Boxes• Cooling Cupboards• Ice boxes• Canvas Boxes

Cool BoxMesh BoxMany styles

Afghanistan StrawbaleHomestead

Chopping Ice Blocks-two straight cuts- cross cut with alarge curved saw

Georgian Ice House

yakh-chāl “ice pit“ Iran 400 BCnatural refrigerator

Moroccan Windcatcher

Ab anbar near Yazd, Egyptwindcatchers in central desert city

Solar Chimney

Cool Pot

Cool Potnatural, cheap, easy-to-make refrigerator

Cool Potnatural, cheap, easy-to-make refrigerator--Water evaporates– pulls heat out– inside coldBefore: food rot 3 daysNow: last up to 3 weeks

Functional Sustainable KitchenFood Prep

Before Refrigerators

1 st edition 19932 nd edition 1997

Dairy

Dairy Cultures beforeRefrigeration• Filjmilk• Piima Milk• Yogurt• Kefir• 1000s• Culturally Appropriate and Acceptable

Butter and Eggs

3 Parts to Healthy Egg

Functional Sustainable KitchenPreserving Food

Drying Foods

Canning

Canning in Solar CookerPlumsSour and sweet cherriesApricotsPeachesApplesAll kinds of picklesTomatoes by themselves

Preserving Food withoutFreezing or Canningby The Gardeners and Farmers of theTerre Vivante, France

Preserving Foodwithout Freezing or CanningPreservation without nutrient lossPreserving by:– Ground/ root cellar– Drying– Lactic fermentation– Oil– Vinegar– Salt– Sugar– Sweet and sour– -Alcohol

Functional Sustainable KitchenBonus: using plastic bottles

Expensive electricity in Manila:2 liter plastic bottle for light

Window farms ofRecycled Plastic Bottle

Tree Starter

Sprinkler, need hose

Old hose recycled for dripper

Use Plastic Bottles to hand watertrees…drips out slowlyBury: perennial, annual and container gardensAbove ground: woody plants, shrubs, treesRoots can break pots

Without the dripper, pour water in,it drops out slowly

Deep Pipe Irrigation for trees…Instead of PVC, use nested bottles

Use plastic bottles for Tree Guards

Soil Scoop

Use plastic bottles instead ofbuckets

Science student Milan KarkiSolar Panel made with human hair