ced. The daguerreotype was aolished metal plate. If a, another sensitivity photograph light was had increased, to be reducing the time needed for an exposure, thus making hand-held exposures possible forthe first time.The progress continued when in 1887 flexible film was introduced by Hannibal Goodwin--an American. Since 1887 theiam Fox improvements Talbot, an to Englishman,film have continued. In 1954 the first high speed black and white film, Tri- X was introduced. In 1987the process T-Max as of well making as other a new high quality films were also introduced to the market. Research and Developmenth or a departments duplicate of all that major film producers are continually attempting to improve film and to make it faster, finer grained,h fromanda negativehigher contrast.aroundIn1835.conjunction with the introduction and development of flexible film the introduction anddevelopment of today's 35mm camera began.ocess produced a paper negativeh numerous The development prints called of the modern camera began in the 1890's when George Eastman introduced the Kodak camera. Thiscould camera be made. was simply However, a box with the a lens and enough film to take <strong>10</strong>0 photographs. When the film was exposed the cameraof multiple was returned copies to the was manufacturer who would develop and print the photographs, re-load the camera and return it to theowner.d by the fact that the Calotypehs were In 1924 not as 35mm clear photography as a was born when Dr. Leitz introduced the Leica camera, the first 35mm camera. Since thetype due introduction to the paper of the Leica, negative. 35mm cameras have continued to gain popularity up to the present day. The 35mm format isthe most popular choice for both amateur and professional photographers alike. Since the introduction of the Leica, basiccamera designs or looks haven't changed significantly, but, technology and electronic features continue to simplify andllodian process (referred torefine the 35mm format. The first Leica camera didn't have a Rangefinder, but thispefeature was soon added to succeeding models. As competition for sales of 35mmcamera grew, so did the features on the cameras. The most significant change to thein35mm Camera during the 15 years following the introduction of the Leica was thebertdevelopment of the S.L.R. or Single Lens Reflex camera in the late 1930's.lostlostPORTRAIT BY GEORGE ED ANDERSONThe SLR feature allowed the photographer to look directly through the lens. The SLRfeature was first found on the Exacta camera. The Exacta camera was the only camerathat used this new feature for many years because most thought that the SLR design wasjust a passing fad that would never replace the rangefinder design. However, during the1950's and the 1960's SLR cameras began to gain popularity and soon became thestandard in the industry. Over the next 20 years the design of 35mm cameras remainedvirtuallysecond exposureunchangedandwithproducedthe exceptiona glass negativeof more electronicthatfeatures, outerThe SLRdesigns,featureandallowed tthecouldintroductionbe reusedoftocomputerproducetechnology.numerous positiveIn the late 1980's andlookearlydirectly through the lens. Thphotographs.found on the Exacta camera. The1990's the digital camera was introduced to the mass market.only camera that used this new feges like the Daguerreotype, and During the next 50 years numerousbecause most thought that the SLRThe digital camera makes digital images of a photograph rather than storing the images on film. This allowed the imagestiple copies to be down due loaded to the into glass individuals attempted to modify and improve the passing fad that would never repla computer and manipulated with various software packages. At this stage there are basically 2Collodian process. Many met with failure, some with design. However, during the 1950ian Process levels of needed digital cameras. only a 5-The firstsuccess.or consumerIn 1878levelCharlestakesBennettrelativelydiscoveredgoodthatqualitybyphotographscamerasforbeganthe priceto gainof thepopularityequipment ($400 - $1,500). The upper heating end the cameras, emulsion however, on the negative are able the to sensitivity reproduce to excellent standard images and in the are industry. used by Over thlarger companies and newspapers. light These was cameras increased, and reducing their accessories the time can needed cost over for an $20,000 design and are of thus 35mm out cameras of range remainefor the average photographer. Over exposure, the next thus few years making as hand-held technology exposures continues possible to improve, the with quality the of exception the lower of more end electrodigital camera will no doubt improve. for the The first only time. other major change todesign35mm photography came in 1995/96 when most major photographicof comcompanies combined their resources and The progress came up continued with the when newthe latAdvanced Photo System (APS). in 1887 flexible film was introducedby Hannibal Goodwin--an American.1990'sintroduAPS utilizes a new camera, film Since format 1887 and the canister. improvements This to system filmmarkeallows the photographer to take regular have continued. or elongated In 1954 photos the from first thesame camera and film. When the high film is speed developed black and it is white stored film, in Tri- theoriginal container--thus eliminating X scratches, was introduced. etc. on the In 1987 negatives--and T-Max asthe consumer is given a proof sheet well of all as other photos new on high the quality roll of films film.The two major disadvantages of this were format also are introduced that the to film the is market. slightlysmaller than that of a regular 35mm Research SLR camera. and Development Thus the negativesTmakesphotogstoringThis alare smaller resulting in poorer enlargements. departments The of other all major disadvantage film isbe dowthat the film can only be processed producers in a specialized are continually facility attempting “CATCH THE SUNSHINE” BY GEORGE ED ANDERSONimpactingcomputhose amateur photographers or hobbyiststo improvethat currentlyfilm and tousemaketheiritownfaster,darkrooms for regular 35mm photography.with vfiner grained, and higher contrast. In conjunction with packages. At this stage there are bthe introduction and development of flexible film the digital cameras. The first or consuintroduction and development of today's 35mmrelatively good quality photograpcamera began.equipment ($400 - $1,500). The up
HISTORY of PHOTOGRAPHY -assignmentAfter reading the History of <strong>Photography</strong> Handout, complete the following time-line using one or tw o sentencesdescribing or listing important d ates, names, information and developments.TIME-LINE1. NIEPCE2. DAGUERREOTYPE3. CALOTYPE4. COLLODIAN5. FLEXIBLE FILM6. TRI-X7. KODAK8. LEICA9. EXAKTA<strong>10</strong>. APS11. DIGITAL
Change language