restoring law & order and crime prevention - Peace Operations ...

22enforcing sanctions for the purpose such as denial of supplies,diplomatic and trading privileges and freedom of movement.• Peace Support Operation tasks in a peacekeeping operation arecarried out with the objective to contain and de-escalate conflict, andat the same time, to address the root cause of the conflict. Peacesupport operation tasks in such UN peacekeeping operations includeproviding military assistance to civil authority, for example, electoralassistance, reforming security forces, developing or supporting civilinfrastructure facilities; carrying out humanitarian relief operationsfor the residents, refugees and displaced persons; establishment andprotection of safe areas; ensuring or denial of movement; and clearmines & unexploded munitions.4. Evolution of the PKOsPeacekeeping operations have not been mentioned in the Charter of theUnited Nations; it evolved over a period of time, as a practical instrument,used by the world organisation to intervene in international conflicts forsettlement of conflicts by peaceful means. In the initial period when theCold War rivalries greatly affected functioning of the UN the SecurityCouncil mostly employed means such as mediation, conciliation, goodoffices of the Secretary General and peacekeeping to preserve world peaceand stability instead of the Charter provisions of collective use of force.Peacekeeping forces were drawn up on a voluntary basis from the MemberStates. Peacekeeping started with unarmed observers and subsequentlyevolved into missions with armed peacekeepers following the principles ofconsent of parties to the conflict, impartiality towards the parties to theconflict and minimum use of force, only in self defence (extended to the