2013 AMA Supercross an FIM World Championship Rulebook

IntroductionThis Rulebook contains rules and technical requirements governingall events that make up the AMA Supercross, an FIM WorldChampionship.The Rulebook is designed to provide the information you’ll need toprepare your motorcycle and yourself for competition, plus anoverview of rules that apply to the racing program, along with asummary of offenses and penalties pertaining to rules violations.The intent of a specific rule will override a competitor’s interpretationof a rule. The intent of a rule will be determined by competentofficials. If any rule is unclear to the competitor, the competitor isadvised to get written approval prior to any modifications.The AMA in cooperation with the FIM will answer any requests forrule clarifications or interpretations. Requests must be submitted inwriting by riders and teams to AMA technical staff. Any prior verbalapproval from AMA staff or officials without a written statement fromthe Technical Department with regard to the interpretation of a ruleor procedure will be deemed invalid.Please note that while every effort has been made to write theserules in a clear and unambiguous fashion, it is impossible toanticipate every circumstance. It will be the Race Director’sresponsibility to make decisions regarding rules enforcement.The 250SX class will abide by all rules and regulations set forth inthe current AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship rulebookwith the exceptions listed inAppendix E.The Arenacross® and Arenacross Lites® pro classes use selectrules and technical requirements from this book as specified in theArenacross Supplemental Rules.New rules for the 2013 season are printed in bold italic type.Items that are indicated with a strikethrough are no longer valid.1

2013 AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship *www.amasupercross.comJan 5: Angel Stadium of AnaheimAnaheim, CA (250SX West)Jan 12: Chase FieldPhoenix, AZ (250SX West)Jan 19: Dodgers StadiumLos Angeles, CA (250SX West)Jan 26: O.co StadiumOakland, CA (250SX West)Feb 2: Angel Stadium of AnaheimAnaheim, CA (250SX West)Feb 9: Qualcomm StadiumSan Diego, CA (250SX West)Feb 16: Cowboy StadiumArlington, TX (250SX East)Feb 23: Georgia DomeAtlanta, GA (250SX East)Mar 2: Edward Jones DomeSt Louis, MO (250SX East)Mar 9: Daytona International SpeedwayDaytona Beach, FL (250SX East)Mar 16: Lucas Oil StadiumIndianapolis, IN (250SX East)Mar 23: Rogers CenterOntario, Canada (250SX East)Apr 6: Reliant StadiumHouston, TX (250SX East)Apr 13: MetrodomeMinneapolis, MN (250SX East)Apr 20: CenturyLink FieldSeattle, WA (250SX West)Apr 27: Rice-Eccles StadiumSalt Lake City, UT (250SX West)May 4: Sam Boyd StadiumLas Vegas, NV (250SX West and East Points)*Dates and Locations Subject to Change4

Section 1General Equipment StandardsThe motorcycles for use in Supercross competition requirehomologation. The AMA in cooperation with the FIM will granthomologation approval for Supercross competition motorcycles. Therules concerning these motorcycle components are intended to givefreedom to modify or replace some of the parts in the interest ofsafety and research and development, but with constraints imposedto limit cost. Superseded or redesigned parts must be submitted toAMA for review and approval before their use in competition. Theseparts must be listed in the current OEM parts list supplied to AMA.SectionGeneral Equipment Standards andTechnical RulesPage1.1 Homologation of Motorcycles 61.2 Engines 61.3 Transmissions and Primary Drive 71.4 Exhaust System 71.5 Sound Requirements 71.6 Frame 81.7 Swingarm 91.8 Forks and Shocks 91.9 Fuel Tanks 91.10 Fuel Specifications 91.11 Handlebars and Controls 91.12 Brakes 101.13 Tires 101.14 Telemetry and Traction Control 101.15 Weighing Procedures 101.16 Rider Apparel 111.17 Display of AMA and FIM Logo 121.18 Special Technical Requirements 131.19 Rider Responsibility 131.1 Homologation of MotorcyclesOnly motorcycles homologated by AMA may be used incompetition. AMA will only accept applications for homologationfrom motorcycle manufacturers or their distributors.a. Once a motorcycle has been homologated, it may be used untilsuch time that the homologated motorcycle no longer complieswith the technical rules or a maximum of five years.b. Compliance with homologation requirements will not guaranteean AMA homologation. The homologation may be withheld orwithdrawn for a just cause that the AMA and the FIM deems inthe best interest of the sport.c. The homologation procedure and information are availablefrom AMA.1.2 Enginesa. Engines are restricted to a single cylinder.b. Engine Displacement Measurement Calculation.1. Engine displacement shall be recorded in cubic centimeters.6

2. Displacement = B² (0.7854) HX B= Cylinder bore; H=Stroke; X= Number of cylinders (bore x bore x 0.7854 xstroke x number of cylinders)c. Supercharging or turbo charging is not permitted.d. Engine displacements are listed in the technical standardssections for each class. Class displacement limits are absolute,with no overbore allowance.e. Bore and Stroke must remain the same as the homologatedmodel.f. Material and castings of cylinders, cylinder heads andcrankcases must be the same as an originally approved modelof the same manufacturer. Material may be added or removedfrom these items. Cylinder liners or coating may be replaced oradded provided the original cylinder casting is utilized.g. Four-stroke cylinder head valve angles must remain the sameas the homologated model.h. Type of intake, including the exhaust power valves, mustremain the same as the homologated model (rotary valve, casereed valve, poppet valve, etc.).i. Type of cooling system (water, oil or air) must remain ashomologated.j. Fuel injection is permitted only if it is standard equipment onthe homologated model.1.3 Transmissions and Primary Drivea. Motorcycles are restricted to the use of rear-wheel drive only.b. Primary drive method must remain the same as thehomologated model.c. The primary drive must be completely enclosed by a cover orguard.d. The maximum number of speeds in the gearbox is six.e. Number of transmission gears must be the same as thehomologated model.1.4 Exhaust Systema. Exhaust pipes and mufflers must fulfill all requirementsconcerning sound control.b. Must be securely attached together and bolted to the frame.c. Mufflers must have internal mechanical and/or packed baffling.d. The discharge end of the exhaust pipe may not extend beyondthe rear edge of the rear tire.e. The inside of the exhaust discharge end must be a maximumof 5 inches from the outside edge of the tire or frame. Intent isto prevent another rider's wheel or leg from being trapped.1.5 Sound RequirementsSound levels in the 450SX and 250SX classes will be verified withthe 2 meter max method. See Appendix C for the details of thetesting procedures.GENERAL EQUIP.STANDARDS7

a. The maximum sound limit is set at:1. For pre-race inspectionMax. 115 dB/A2. For post-race inspectionMax. 116 dB/ANOTE: For 2014 thru 2017 the Maximum sound limit will be setat:1. For pre-race inspectionMax. 112 dB/A2. For post-race inspectionMax. 113 dB/Ab. All competitors entered may be sound tested at any time.When directed by an Official, the rider must proceed directly tothe designated sound test area; failure to do so will result in apenalty.c. The normal penalty for violation of the post-race or qualifyingsound limit will be:1. Qualifying: Loss of fastest qualifying time.2. Heat races or LCQ: Loss of three positions3. Main Events: Loss of three positions in the final standings.Points and purse will be adjusted accordingly.d. A fine may be added to the listed penalties at any time.e. If, in the judgement of the Race Director, the post-race orqualifying sound limit violation was unintentional and/or causedby an accident and the violation did not enhance theperformance of the motorcycle, the penalty may be waived.1.6 Framea. The main frame must be the same as an originallyhomologated model of the same manufacturer.b. Cracked or broken frames are prohibited.c. Strengthening gussets or tubes may be added, but none maybe removed.d. All stands must be removed.e. All footrests must fold to a 45-degree angle.f. The maximum length of the footrest from the pivot point is 5inches.g. Footrests may be raised or lowered, but cannot be lower thanthe bottom frame tube.h. Accessory brackets (for radiator, coil, shock reservoir, etc.)may be changed, relocated or removed.i. Engine mount location, steering head location and angle,swingarm pivot point, and rear suspension linkage point mustbe the same as the homologated model.j. The use of offset bearing races for the purpose of altering thesteering angle is permitted.k. Subframes may be replaced with aftermarket units of steel,aluminum or titanium provided they are similar in design to theproduction part and utilize original mounting points.8

1.7 Swingarma. Swingarm must be the same as an originally homologatedmodel of the same manufacturer.b. Strengthening gussets or tubes may be added but none maybe removed.c. Chain guides may be removed or relocated.1.8 Forks and Shocksa. The manufacturer's original concept of either single or doubleshocks must be maintained.See Appendix E for 250SX class specific forks and shockrules1.9 Fuel TanksReplacement tanks may be utilized in place of originals providedtheir weight and capacity are no less than the approvedproduction tanks they replace. Carbon fiber or carbon compositefuel tanks are not permitted.1.10 Fuel SpecificationsAll motorcycles must use unleaded fuel corresponding topetroleum-based fuel as defined by the American Society forTesting and Materials (ASTM), designation: D4814, with thefollowing clarifications:a. The specific gravity must fall within the range: 0.715 - 0.765 at60º F.b. The maximum oxygen content is 4.0% m/m.c. The maximum allowable level of lead is 0.025 g/l.d. The only allowable oxygenates are ether and alcohols, aslisted and characterized for oxygen mass fraction in ASTMD4814.e. Epoxides (i.e. propylene oxide) will not be considered ethers.Nitrogen-bearing compounds are not permitted.f. Lubrication additives are permitted provided the resultingmixture would meet all other requirements.g. Any infringement of the fuel specifications will automaticallyresult in the disqualification of the competitor from the entiremeet. The result of the riders' fuel sample analysis that is morefavorable to the competitor (Whether it be the A or B Sample)will be taken into account. Riders can appeal this decisionbefore the competent body.h. See Appendix D for “Fuel Test Procedures.”1.11 Handlebars and Controlsa. Cracked or broken handlebars are prohibited.b. Control levers must have minimum 1/2-inch diameter ball ends.c. All motorcycles must be equipped with a functional mechanicalengine kill device or ignition cut-off switch or button, mountedon the handlebar within reach of the rider’s hand when placedon the grip.d. All motorcycles must be equipped with a self-closing throttlemechanism.9GENERAL EQUIP.STANDARDS

1.12 Brakesa. All motorcycles must be equipped with adequate and operatingfront and rear wheel brakes.b. Brakes must be the same type as the production units. Discbrakes may only be replaced with disc brakes and drum brakesmay only be replaced with drum brakes.c. Carbon fiber or carbon composite brake discs and/or carriersare not permitted.d. Aluminum or titanium rear brake discs are prohibited.1.13 Tiresa. Studded tires, other than rubber, are prohibited.b. Paddle (continuous radial rib) tires and tires with lugs having aheight of more than 3/4 inch are prohibited.1.14 Telemetry and Traction Controla. Electronic devices designed specifically for traction control areprohibited. This includes sensors that can determine frontwheel speed, and any electronic control to the brake systems.b. Electronic transmitting of information, including radiocommunication to or from a moving motorcycle, is prohibitedwith the following exceptions:1. Official transponders utilized for scoring purposes(mandatory equipment assigned by Timing and Scoring).2. Data or video transmitted or recorded for the sole use by theapproved event television production.3. Electronic lap timing devices are permitted. Transmitterbeacons must be in an approved area. GPS may be usedfor lap timing and track mapping only.Receivers/antennas shall not be mounted on the front areaof the front number plate.c. Data logging is permitted but the information may not bedownloaded in real time from a moving motorcycle.d. Information downloaded from the motorcycle may bereviewed by the Chief Technical Inspector at any time. Anydata viewed by the Chief Technical Inspector will remainconfidential.1.15 Weighing Proceduresa. Weight limits may checked by race officials at any time duringthe meet.b. The Chief Technical Inspector may require that motorcycles becleaned of excess mud or dirt before weighing.c. The official scale will be available during the meet for weightchecking.d. No fluids may be added to the motorcycle, except water to theengine cooling system.e. The fuel must be drained from the fuel tank.f. Ballast attached to motorcycles is not permitted.g. See weight requirements listed under each Supercross class.10

1.16 Rider Apparela. Riders must wear helmets at all times when riding on course.b. Helmets must be of the full-face type and conform to one of thefollowing recognized standards. Which is certified by a labelaffixed to the helmet.1. United States: Snell M2010 or DOT FMVSS 2182. UNITED NATIONS: Regulation ECE 2205 P'3. United Kingdom: BSI 6658 Type A4. Japan: JIS T 8133:2007c. All helmets used by riders in competition must be equippedwith the Eject emergency helmet removal system. Riders willbe responsible for ensuring that the device is properly installedand operable during all on-track activities. Helmet removaldevices and installation information are available at TechnicalInspection at all AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championshipevents.d. The use of a portable music player or an on board/helmetcamera (other than the one from the Championship promoter)is not allowed at anytime during on-track competition, includingpractice, qualifying and races.e. Face shields or goggles must be shatter resistant. Gogglesmust be worn at the start of each event.f. Boots must be at least 8 inches high.g. Jerseys must be long sleeve. Short sleeves or ¾ sleeves notpermitted. Elastic cuffs may not be removed. Sleeves must beworn at full length (to the wrist) during competition.h. Jerseys must be made of durable material that will protect therider.i. The rider’s competition number must be displayed horizontallyacross the rider’s back and legible at a distance.j. The number on the rider’s back must be a minimum height of 8inches and a width of 1 inch.k. Numbers must be printed in a contrasting color from the jerseycolor surrounding the placement of the numbers.l. The number may be outlined. However, the color of theoutlining must be in contrast to the jersey color as well as thenumber color. For example, a white jersey with orangenumbers could use a black outline.m. Mylar numbers (silver, gold or other) are not allowed, as theydo not meet the requirement of the numbers being ofcontrasting colors.n. All riders must display their last name on the back of theirjersey at the shoulder line.o. If a chest/back protector or neck brace is worn over the rider’sjersey, the rider’s name and assigned number must be visibleeither on the jersey or on the chest/back protector.p. All riders competing in the 450SX class must display the AMAlogo and FIM logo on the upper left front torso or left shoulderGENERAL EQUIP.STANDARDS11

area of their jersey. The minimum size of the logos is 2½inches wide by 2½ inches high.q. If the rider uses a chest/back protector, the AMA and FIMlogos must be located in the center front on the chest/backprotector. This is in addition to the logo located on the jersey.r. Pants must be full length and made of a material that will helpprotect the rider.s. Riders must present a clean and neat appearance.1.17 Display of the AMA and FIM LogoNote: See section E5.1 for 250SX class logo informationa. All riders are required to have approved logos in placewhenever they are competing in any part of an AMASupercross, an FIM World Championship event.b. The following logos are the approved image to be displayed onthe front and side number plates, and rider apparel. The logois also a part of the front number plate design, which will alsoinclude the series title sponsor. The FIM logo is only to beused for the 450SX Class and can be obtained by contactingthe FIM at marketing@fim.chFront number plate:Side number plates and jersey:c. How to obtain the logo and/or logo artwork file:1. At each event, all number plate stickers and adhesiveapparel patches will be available at Technical Inspection.12

2. If a third party produces number plates and/or jerseys foryou prior to meets, they may request logo files fromkcrowther@ama-cycle.org. The request for artwork by athird party should include the rider's name.d. Disclaimer for use of AMA registered and FIM Trademarks:1. AMA, FIM and the other logos and trademarks shownherein are trademarks of the AMA and FIM.2. Participants are to use the approved logos on numberplates and apparel only when participating in AMASupercross, an FIM World Championship events.3. Any further use of the marks (i.e., the AMA mark, the FIMmark, and other AMA trademarks and logos) outside ofthis capacity is prohibited without a license from or theexpress, written permission of AMA and/or FIM.1.18 Special Technical Requirementsa. Where the rules permit equipment to be installed, replaced,altered or fabricated, it is the sole responsibility of the rider toselect components and materials for the fabrication of thisequipment that will perform in competition properly.b. Any component of a motorcycle deemed by the ChiefTechnical Inspector as necessary for operation must be inplace, securely mounted, in proper working order andstructurally sound.c. Regardless of previous approval, the permission to usespecific components or equipment, including tires and fuel,may be withdrawn for any reason the AMA and the FIM deemsis in the best interest of competition.1.19 Rider ResponsibilityGENERAL EQUIP.STANDARDSIT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RIDER TOSELECT A HELMET AND APPAREL THAT WILLPROVIDE APPROPRIATE PROTECTION.ALTHOUGH AMA AND THE FIM APPROVEMATERIALS, NEITHER THE AMA NOR THE FIMENDORSES OR GUARANTEES SPECIFIC PRODUCTSOR MANUFACTURERS.RIDERS MUST RELY ON THEIR OWN JUDGMENT INTHE SELECTION OF HELMETS AND APPAREL FORPROTECTION AND DURABILITY.13

Section 2450SX Class Technical StandardsSection 450SX Class Technical Standards Page2.1 Engines 142.2 Weight Limit 142.3 Numbers and Number Plates 14450SX Class motorcycles are subject to the following requirementsin addition to the applicable requirements in General EquipmentStandards. Superseded parts controlled by these rules must besubmitted to AMA for review and homologation before use incompetition. In addition, these parts must then be listed in thecurrent OEM parts list as supplied to AMA. Motorcycle componentsnot specifically controlled by these rules may be modified, removedor replaced.Note: See section E4 for 250SX Class Technical Standards2.1 Enginesa. Engine Displacements:150 – 250cc 2-stroke249 – 450cc 4-strokeb. Material and castings of the cylinders, cylinder heads andcrankcases must be the same as the originally approvedmodel. Material may be added or removed from these items.2.2 Weight LimitMinimum weight requirement:150 – 250cc 212 pounds251 – 450cc 220 poundsSee Weighing Procedures (Section 1.15)2.3 Numbers and Number PlatesNote: See section E5 for 250SX class numbers and number platesa. The current 450SX Class Champion must run a black number 1with a white background.b. The current point’s leader must run a red background withwhite numbers.c. At the first event of the season, the current 450SX ClassChampion will be considered the point’s leader and will run thered number plate.d. Number Plate Colors:450SX ClassWhite plates, black numbers2012 450SX Champion White plates, Black number 12013 Current Points Leader Red Plate, White Numberse. Numbers must be a solid color.f. Excessive condensing or stretching of the numbers is notpermitted.14

g. Front numbers must be a minimum height of 6 inches.h. Side numbers must be a minimum height of 5½ inches.i. The current 450SX Class Champion using the number 1 isallowed to use a special-sized number.j. Number display area must be of adequate area to provideample space (approximately 1 inch) around and betweennumbers.k. Front number plates must be mounted in such a manner as toprevent deflection of the plate during the event. Any attempt atstreamlining, such as curved plates, or plates that are notrigidly mounted, is prohibited, unless such plates are standardon the homologated model.l. Plastic or fiberglass number plates have a minimum thicknessof 1/16 inch.m. The striped area on the front number plate is reserved for thecurrent AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship titlesponsorship logo. The front number plate sticker must be aminimum height of 1 inch and a minimum width of 8 inches.n. For the 450SX Class, the approved front number plate designwill contain the current AMA logo followed by theChampionship Title Sponsor logo, followed by the current FIMlogo.o. For the 450SX class the correct AMA Supercross and FIMlogos must be displayed on both side number plates. Theminimum size of combined logo is 2½ inches wide by 2½inches high.450SX CLASSTECH STANDARDSp. The areas indicated on both side number plates are reservedfor the current class specific logo(s).q. Only numbers and the approved AMA logo, FIM logo or seriessponsorship logos are permitted on the number plate displayarea.15

Section 3Licenses, Eligibility, Entries and CredentialsSection Licenses, Eligibility, Entries andCredentialsPage3.1 Competition Licenses 163.2 Supercross License Regulations 163.3 National Numbers 173.4 450SX Class License Eligibility 183.5 Supercross Entries 193.1 Competition Licensesa. All riders participating in any on-track practice, qualifying orracing must have a valid AMA and/or FIM World ChampionshipMotocross license of the appropriate classification.b. Licenses are not issued at the racetrack. For riders who wishto subscribe to an AMA license, it is recommended thatprocessing of the license be completed through the AMA office30 days before the first event you wish to participate in.c. All Supercross meets are pre-entry. Entries close 14 days priorto each meet.d. If at any point in time after the closing date of entries, the totalnumber of entries should not reach 80, AMA or the FIM isentitled to enter more riders to reach the number of 80 riders.These riders must be entered before the end of the technicalverifications prior to the riders meeting. All entry conditionscited in these regulations apply to the riders in question.e. Additional licensing information and applications are availablefrom the AMA Competition Services Department.AMAFIMCompetition Services Motocross CommissionAMA11, Route Suisse13515 Yarmouth Drive CH-1295 Mies (Switzerland)Pickerington, OH 43147 Phone: 41 (22) 950 9507Phone: (614) 856-1900 Fax: 41 (22) 950 9501Fax: (614) 856-1924 e-mail: dirk.deneve@fim.ch3.2 Supercross License Regulationsa. All license applicants must be at least 16 years of age at thetime of application.b. Prior to being accepted for entry for any AMA Supercrossmeet, each rider must provide documentation that theyhave completed an ImPACT Concussion ManagementTest, which shall be used by the Chief Medical Officer, toassist in determining when a rider will be allowed to returnto competition after suffering a concussion.c. AMA licensed riders not competing in AMA sanctioned eventsfor a period of two years may lose their prior classification.d. Applicants renewing a license that has been expired three ormore years must meet the present requirements for aSupercross License.e. Foreign riders applying for an AMA license must submit arelease and certification from their licensing federation.16

f. FIM Motocross World Championship licenses for riders, validfor the AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship classare issued by the rider's FMN.g. In order to obtain a FIM Motocross World Championshiplicense for riders, the applicant must first hold a currentnational license of his respective FMN.h. Applicants must attach to their rider's FIM Motocross WorldChampionship license application a certificate of medicalfitness issued by a doctor.i. Applicants aged over 50 years must attach to their rider'slicense request a certificate of medical fitness (including anormal exercise tolerance electrocardiogram) issued by adoctor.j. The limit for the minimum age starts on the date of the rider'sbirthday and the limit for the maximum age finishes at the endof the year in which the rider reaches the age of 50.k. All AMA Supercross licenses are issued at the discretion ofAMA and may be revoked at any time.3.3 National Numbersa. All riders must use the competition number that has beenassigned for the current season. This includes theChampionship number 1, career number or an earned nationalnumber.b. Number 11. Current Champion must run the #1.c. Numbers 2-91. Past Champions from the previous competition year maychoose a permanent single digit career number if available.d. Career Numbers1. Riders who finish in the top 10 in Championship points fromthe combined 450SX, 250SX, 250MX and 450MX classesfrom the previous competition year will have priority for theselection of a National two digit available number for thetheir career number.2. Riders who fail to earn at least 25 championship point duringthe season preceding the new season will lose their careernumber and be issued a new number based on currentpoints. Special consideration is given to a rider if he/she isconfirmed with a season long injury or other specialcircumstance which prevents him from competing thatseason.e. Numbers10-9991. Riders who finish outside the top 10 but in the top 100 willbe assigned consecutive two digit numbers until the supplyof two digit numbers are exhausted.2. The total combined points from the 450SX, 250SX, 450MXand 250MX classes will be used to determine the order.National numbers are then issued according to highest tolowest total points. In case of riders having the same17LICENSES,ELIGIBILITY &ENTRIES

amount of total points the tie is broken by the best Motofinish for those riders. In the event you have a rider thatrode just SX and one that rode SX and Motocross, the tiewould go to the rider that rode both series.f. Lower 100 #’s1. Held for top riders from overseas that would like toparticipate in that year’s SX or MX.3.4 450SX Class License EligibilityNote: See section E1 for 250SX class license eligibilityguidelines.Requirements for a 2013 and 2014 AMA Supercross 450SXlicense:a. All license applicants must be at least 16 years of age at thetime of application.b. Prior to being accepted for entry for any AMA Supercrossmeet, each rider must provide documentation that theyhave completed an ImPACT Concussion ManagementTest, which shall be used by the Chief Medical Officer, toassist in determining when a rider will be allowed to returnto competition after suffering a concussion.In addition to the age requirements and ImPACT test, riders mustmeet one of the following criteria to be eligible for an AMA 450SXclass license.c. Qualified into the evening program in the 450SX class at leastone time during the 2010 thru 2012 AMA Supercross season.d. Qualified into the evening program in the 250SX class at leastone time during the 2012 thru 2013 AMA Supercross season.e. Earned at least one point in the 2011 or 2012 AMA MotocrossChampionship in the 250MX or 450MX classes.f. Riders who earned a 2012 AMA Supercross license may applyfor their 2013 license based on the criteria for which it wasearned in 2012.g. Hold a current FIM Motocross World Championship license.h. The AMA may issue a license to any rider who does not meetthe above criteria if it determines, in its sole discretion, therider has adequate competition experience.****Requirements for a 2015 AMA 450SXlicense****a. All license applicants must be at least 16 years of age at thetime of application.b. Prior to being accepted for entry for any AMA Supercrossmeet, each rider must provide documentation that theyhave completed an ImPACT Concussion ManagementTest, which shall be used by the Chief Medical Officer, toassist in determining when a rider will be allowed to returnto competition after suffering a concussion.18

In addition to the age requirements and ImPACT test, riders mustmeet one of the following criteria to be eligible for an AMA 450SXclass license.c. Qualified into the evening program in the 450SX class at leastone time during the 2010 thru 2012 AMA Supercross season.d. Qualified into the evening program in the 250SX class at leastone time during the 2012 thru 2013 AMA Supercross season.e. Earned at least one point in the 2011 or 2012 AMA ProMotocross Championship in the 250 or 450 classes.f. Riders who earned a 2012 AMA Supercross license may applyfor their 2013 license based on the criteria for which it wasearned in 2012.g. Hold a current FIM Motocross World Championship license.h. The AMA may issue a license to any rider who does not meetthe above criteria if it determines, in its sole discretion, the riderhas adequate competition experience.3.5 Supercross EntriesNote: See section E3 for 250SX class entry procedures.a. Prior to being accepted for entry for any AMA Supercrossmeet, each rider must provide documentation that theyhave completed an ImPACT Concussion ManagementTest, which shall be used by the Chief Medical Officer, toassist in determining when a rider will be allowed to returnto competition after suffering a concussion.b. Supercross will be pre-entry ONLY and limited to 80 riders.Post entries will only be permitted under special circumstancesand at the sole discretion of AMA and the FIM. All postentries will require a minimum of a $50 administration fee.c. Pre entries close 21 days prior to the first event of the season.All other pre entries close 5 days prior to each event.d. If at any point in time after the closing date of entries, the totalnumber of entries should not reach 80, AMA or the FIM isentitled to enter more riders to reach the number of 80 riders.These riders must be entered before the end of the technicalverifications prior to the riders meeting. All entry conditionscited in these regulations apply to the riders in question.e. Riders may only enter one class at Supercross (doubleclassing).f. Entries will be accepted for the 450SX class in the followingorder until the classes reach the 80-rider limit:1. Top 45 in points from 2012 in the 450SX class and preenteredfor the entire season.2. Top 40 in points from 2012 in AMA 450MX class or any2012 FIM Motocross World Championship and pre-enteredfor the entire season.3. Riders earning points outside the top 45 in the Supercrossclass in 2012 or outside the top 40 in the AMA 450MX classLICENSES,ELIGIBILITY &ENTRIES19

or any FIM Motocross World Championship in 2012 and preenteredfor the entire season.4. After a rider earns championship points in the currentchampionship series, his or her entry for any followingevents in the series is guaranteed, provided the entry isreceived before the closing date.5. No 2012 points in any AMA 450SX or AMA 450MX class, orany 2012 FIM Motocross World Championship, but preenteredfor the entire season.6. Top 45 in points from 2012 in the 450SX class, but not preenteredfor the entire season.7. Top 40 in points from 2012 in the AMA 450MX class, or any2012 FIM Motocross World Championship, but not preenteredfor the entire season.8. Riders earning points outside the top 45 from 2012 in the450SX class or the top 40 in the AMA 450MX class, or any2012 FIM Motocross World Championship, but not preenteredfor the entire season.9. For those with no points and not pre-entered for the entireseason, the date on which the pre-entry was received at theAMA Office in Pickerington, Ohio will be the determiningfactor for acceptance.g. Verification of the acceptance of an entry may be checked bycalling the Competition Services Department at (614) 856-1900the Wednesday after the closing date (typically one week priorto the meet.)h. Acceptance of entries may be granted for specialcircumstances. All entries will be accepted at the discretion ofAMA and the FIM.i. All entry fees are non-refundable once the closing date haspassed.j. Exceptions will be made only if AMA is notified 5 days prior tothe event with a legitimate medical excuse.k. To be considered as pre-entered for the entire season, acomplete entry form with total fees for the 17 450SX classevents must be received by Dec 14, 2012.20

Section 4Race Rules and ProceduresSection Race rules and Procedures Page4.1 The Racing Program 214.2 Participant Regulation 214.3 Credential Display 214.4 Bulletins and Supplementary Regulations 224.5 Substance Abuse Policy 224.6 Intravenous Hydration 224.7 Track Rentals 224.8 Inclement Weather / Unacceptable Track Conditions 234.9 Motorcycle Usage 234.10 Pit / Paddock Regulations 234.11 Rider Meetings 234.12 Mechanics 244.13 Technical Inspections 244.14 On-Track Regulations 244.15 Flags and Lights 254.16 Supercross Races 264.17 Qualifying 274.18 Supercross Staging 284.19 Starting Procedures 284.20 Red Flag Race Stops and Restart Procedures 294.21 Restarts 294.22 Race Finishes 314.23 Official Race Results 324.24 Championship Points 334.25 Manufacturers' Championship 334.26 Supercross Prize Giving Ceremonies 34RACE RULES &PROCEDURES4.1 The Racing ProgramSupercross events are composed of a 20-lap final race for 20riders in the 450SX class. The field is qualified through a series ofheat races staged throughout the event.4.2 Participant RegulationEvery club, association, company, promoter, rider, and all otherpersons participating in or in any way connected with an AMASupercross, an FIM World Championship race event, will beconsidered participants and therefore bound by the AMASupercross, an FIM World Championship Rulebook.4.3 Credential DisplayAll Credentials provided by AMA are the property of AMA and canbe revoked at any time without refund of credential fees. Use anddisplay of credentials are subject to the following:a. Credentials are issued for exclusive use by the person namedon the credential. The lanyard is considered part of thecredential and must be worn with the credential around theneck.b. Transfer, misuse of, or failure to display the credential asdescribed is cause for disciplinary action or revocation.c. A credentialed person without the proper issued credential inhis or her possession may be required to pay the applicable21

ace day rates to be issued the appropriate pass for access tothe meet.d. At all times, the Championship Promoter must have available aminimum of six “all access” passes/credentials for persons andthree passes for parking as close as possible to the paddockfor FIM use.4.4 Bulletins and Supplementary RegulationsCompetition Bulletins or Supplementary Regulations for thepurpose of implementing, interpreting and enforcing theseCompetition Rules will be considered part of the Rules.4.5 Substance Abuse Policya. 450SX and 250SX class.1. The 450SX and 250SX class riders will follow the terms andconditions of the FIM Anti Doping Code.b. AMA Officials and Crew credential holders.1. AMA Officials and crew credential holders will follow theterms and conditions of the AMA Substance Abuse Policy.c. Random tests for drugs and alcohol may be conducted at thediscretion of AMA the FIM or their respective drug-testingpartners.d. Compliance with the FIM Anti-Doping Code or AMA'sSubstance Abuse Policy is an essential precondition to theissuance of a Professional Competition license or eventcredential.e. Any violation of the policy or refusal to submit to testing asrequested by AMA, the FIM or their respective drug-testingpartners may result in the immediate suspension of thecompetitor’s license and loss of all rights to compete in AMAProfessional, AMA Amateur sanctioned events, or FIMsanctioned events.f. Both the AMA Substance Abuse Policy and the FIM AntiDoping Code are available upon request from the AMA office.4.6 Intravenous Hydrationa. At no time during the event will a rider receive any type ofintravenous hydration unless such hydration is deemedmedically necessary by medical personnel as a result of anemergency medical situation (e.g. heat stroke) encountered bya rider, during, or as a result of competing in, an event,practices, heat races or qualifying sessions that are part of anevent.b. Once a rider receives such hydration during the meet, the riderwill not be permitted to compete in any further events at themeet including, but not limited to, any further practicesessions, heat races, qualifying sessions or final eventscomposing any event in the meet unless and until the rider isreleased by the medical personnel who treats the rider for thespecific emergency medical situation at issue.4.7 Track RentalsExclusive race track rentals for the purpose of testing or practicewithin 72 hours of an event that will take place at the rentedfacility is not permitted.22

4.8 Inclement Weather / Unacceptable Track Conditionsa. Events may be conducted regardless of weather conditions.b. In the event of rain or other unfavorable conditions, it may benecessary for the Race Director to alter the order of the eventschedule, including, but not limited to: adjusting the length ofraces, practices and qualifying sessions, and delaying orstopping the program completely.c. Should a delay occur, the Race Director will make every effortto resume the schedule in a timely fashion if conditionssignificantly improve.d. If an event is stopped due to weather or other conditions, riderswill be paid for purse-paying events that have been completed.4.9 Motorcycle Usagea. Riders must use the same motorcycle (same main frame) forqualifying and the main program.b. If the motorcycle’s mainframe is damaged, the frame may bechanged only with approval from the Race Director. Approvalmust take place prior to usage of the new frame.c. Riders must use the same motorcycle for parade or sightinglap as the race.4.10 Pit / Paddock Regulationsa. Riding of competition motorcycles, other than on the racetrackor designated warm-up lane, is discouraged. Helmets must beworn at all times in the warm-up lanes.b. Operation of a vehicle in the paddock must be at a very slow,acceptable speed (10 MPH 5 MPH maximum).c. A rider or mechanic testing a motorcycle in the designated testarea must wear a helmet and be dressed to offer someprotection (pants, shirt and shoes).d. Persons less than 16 years of age are not allowed inmechanic’s area or other restricted areas.e. Pets are not allowed in the mechanics’ area or other restrictedareas.f. Pets in the paddock must be on a leash or properly contained.g. All persons in the mechanics’ area must be in proper dress.Shirts must have a collar. Open-toe shoes, cut-offs andsleeveless shirts/tank tops are not permitted.h. Before leaving a race facility, it is the responsibility ofriders/teams to deposit all of their waste fuel, fuel drums, motoroils, coolants, tires, batteries, black water and all otherhazardous wastes in the proper hazardous waste disposalarea provided by the track. Should containers not be availableon-site, riders/teams must transport such items from the facilityfor proper disposal.4.11 Rider Meetingsa. All riders entered in the event must attend the rider meeting.b. The Race Director may call roll or spot-check attendance.c. Failure to attend the riders meeting may result in a fine.RACE RULES &PROCEDURES23

4.12 Mechanicsa. Mechanics’ must present a clean and neat appearance.b. Only appropriately dressed persons displaying propercredentials will be allowed in the pit, signaling and startingareas.c. Mechanics’ must be in uniform designating a rider or team.d. Cut-offs, sleeveless shirts and open-toe shoes are prohibited inthe mechanics area, starting area and infield. Shirtlessindividuals are also prohibited in these areas.e. Shirts must have a collar.f. Mechanics’ are encouraged to display the AMA/FIM Racingpatch on uniform shirts.4.13 Technical Inspectionsa. Technical inspections of motorcycles, equipment and ridingapparel will be held prior to and after a race event, or at othertimes as determined by the Race Director or Chief TechnicalInspector.b. Although the motorcycle, equipment or apparel passed priorinspections, the motorcycle, equipment or apparel must be incompliance with the rules at the post-race inspection.c. Only motorcycles having passed tech inspection will beallowed on the racetrack.d. Motorcycles must be class legal and must meet all equipmentrequirements.e. More than one motorcycle per class may be presented andpassed through initial technical inspection provided framenumbers are properly recorded indicating race motorcycle andpractice motorcycles. Motorcycles used for timed qualifying areconsidered race motorcycles and must be used for the restof the meet.f. For the purpose of inspection and conformity to the rules,the Race Director or Chief Technical Inspector may requirepost-race teardowns the disassembly of any officiallyentered motorcycle at any time during the meet. to beginfollowing the completion of the event. If an inspectionrequires a disassembly, consideration may be taken forthe event schedule. In these cases, parts may be sealedfor inspection at the conclusion of the event.g. During post-race technical inspections or teardowns, only twoworking mechanics for each impounded motorcycle arepermitted in the inspection/impound area.h. Only the Race Director, Chief Technical Inspector ordesignated personnel may inspect impounded motorcycles orequipment.4.14 On-Track Regulationsa. No rider may ride in such a manner as to endanger life or limbof other riders, officials or the public.b. No one, except riders officially entered, may ride or practice onthe racecourse on the day of the event.24

c. Unofficial practice on the day of the race is prohibited.d. Unless directed to do so by the Race Director or his designee,no one will be permitted to ride a motorcycle in the wrongdirection on the track.e. Except in the designated mechanics’ area, no adjustment,repairs or refueling may be made to competing motorcycles bypit crews during a race. Riders must pull into the designatedmechanics’ area and be off the racetrack before receiving crewassistance.f. A rider may make repairs during a race, without assistance, ina suitable area, off the racetrack.g. Outside assistance to a rider on the course is forbidden at alltimes except when the assistance is given by flag marshals orofficials placed by the Race Director for the purpose of controland safety with the following exceptions:1. Assistance by crewmembers is permitted only in thedesignated repair and signaling zone.2. Assistance by crewmembers is permitted from the startinggate up through the first turn following the start of a race.(first lap only) These crewmembers must be wearing aspecial pass/armband.h. A rider leaving the course may continue the race by properlyre-entering the track at the closest safe point to where the riderleft the course without gaining an advantage. A rider may bedetermined to have gained an advantage without gaining aposition. It will be the duty of the Race Director or his designeeto make the determination as to whether a rider gained anadvantage by leaving the racecourse and re-entering.i. In programs that require qualifying races, a rider must attemptto start a qualifier in order to be eligible for the main event.j. A motorcycle that enters the paddock during a race will not bepermitted to return to the racetrack. A motorcycle that leavesthe stadium floor or infield of a speedway during a racewill not be permitted to return to the racetrack.k. Intentionally stopping on the racetrack during timed practice isprohibited. Every time a rider is found in violation of this rule heor she will have his or her fastest lap of that session removedfrom the official results. A stoppage on the racetrack resultingfrom a mechanical issue or a fall down will not be consideredintentional. The Race Director or his designee will make thedetermination as to whether or not the stopping wasintentional.l. During a race, a rider must always attempt to succeed. If not,he or she shall not be allowed to continue the competition andmay be penalized by the Race Director.4.15 Flags and Lightsa. Operational Flags / Lights1. Green Flag: Indicates the start of a race or clear trackconditions.RACE RULES &PROCEDURES25

2. Checkered Flag: Indicates the end of a race or practicesession; proceed to the designated track exit.3. Red Flag: Indicates the practice, qualifying or race hasbeen stopped. Reduce speed and proceed safely to thestaging area or as directed by a race official.4. Red Flashing Light: A red flashing light may be displayedat the beginning of a triple jump or a series of jumps. Ridersmust roll each jump individually with no passing andexercise extreme caution until they are past the area ofconcern, this includes the sighting or cool down laps.5. Black Flag: Indicates a problem with a rider’s motorcycle ora disqualification. A number board displayed with the flagindicates the rider being signaled. The black flagged ridermust carefully reduce speed and proceed around the courseto the mechanics area. Black-flagged riders are notpermitted to return to the racecourse unless cleared by theRace Director.b. Warning Flags1. Yellow Flag Or Yellow Light:Waving Yellow Flag or Yellow Flashing Lights: Indicatesserious hazard on or near the track. This includes thesighting or cool down laps.• Passing is allowed• Proceed with extreme caution.2. Solid Blue Flag :• Indicates you are about to be overtaken by fasterriders.• When conditions allow, move out of the fast line.• Hold your line (don’t ride erratically) and do notimpede the faster riders progress.• Riders disregarding this flag may be black-flagged atthe discretion of Race Director.3. White Flag with Red Cross:In Supercross this flag or a red flashing light may bedisplayed at the beginning of a triple jump or a series ofjumps. The riders must roll each jump individually with nopassing and exercise extreme caution until they are past thearea of concern, this includes the sighting or cool downlaps.c. Courtesy Flags1. White Flag: Indicates the final lap of a race.2. White and Green Flags Crossed: Indicates 1/2 total racedistance.4.16 Supercross RacesNote: See section E7 for 250SX class races.a. AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship meetings areorganized according to an established procedure/model:• Free Practices• Timed Qualifying Practices• Two Heat Races26

• One Last Chance Qualifier• One Final (main event)b. In the Heat Races, 1 st through 9 th will advance to the mainevent; 10 th through 20 th will advance to the Last ChanceQualifier.c. In the Last Chance Qualifier, 1 st and 2 nd will advance to themain.d. The 450SX class Main Event will be 20 laps.e. The first rider across the finish line at the conclusion of a raceis the winner.f. The two Heat Races, Last Chance Qualifier and the Final(Main Event) may also be referred to as "the eveningprogram".g. A Heat Race, a Last Chance Qualifier or the Final (Main Event)may also be referred to as "Race(s)".h. The "AMA Supercross an FIM World Championship" may alsobe referred to as "Championship".4.17 QualifyingNote: See section E6 for 250SX class Qualifying.a. All qualifying practices will be timed.b. Afternoon qualifying practices will be used to compile the 40fastest riders (the “Fast 40”) in the 450SX and 250SX Classes.These 40 riders will advance to the Evening program.c. If a rider or riders have qualified in the top 40 but are unable toparticipate in the evening program, an alternate rider thatqualified outside of the top 40 may be allowed into the heatraces. This will be done starting with the 41 st qualifier until allpositions for the evening program are filled.1. These riders will pick their gate position in the order in whichthey qualified after all riders in that heat race from the top 40have gated.2. Alternate riders allowed to the gate through thisprocess will not be considered officially in the race untilto the “three minutes before the 30 board” call fromRace Direction3. If a rider that has earned a top 40 qualifying positionenters the final staging checkpoint prior to the “threeminutes before the 30 board” call from Race Direction,that rider will be allowed to start and the alternate willbe removed.4. If a rider that has earned a top 40 qualifying positionknows that they will not be able to make the start of theheat race but still intends on participating in the LCQ,they must inform the Race Director of their intent priorto the staging of the heat race.5. Once a top 40 qualified rider is officially replaced by analternate, the qualified rider is no longer eligible toparticipate in any further races at that meet.27RACE RULES &PROCEDURES

6. Riders outside of the top 40 may be denied this optionbased on lap times at the sole discretion of the RaceDirector.d. Afternoon qualifying practices will also be used to determinethe order for gate picks in the Heat Races. The fastest rider willbe the first gate pick in the second heat. The second fastestrider will be the first gate pick in the first heat race and so onuntil all qualifying riders are placed in a heat race.e. In the 450SX class only, a rider who is currently in the Top 10in points who fails to make the Fast 40 in qualifying practiceswill be placed on the 21 stgate pick in the first heat race. Asecond (NQT10) in qualifying practices will have the 21st gatepick in the second heat race. Up to a maximum total of 2NQT10 riders can be placed in each heat race. They will beplaced in their respective heat race in priority of their positionin the top 10. (For the first race of the season: according toprevious year's final standings).4.18 Supercross Staginga. Once a rider enters the staging area and is called to thestarting gate, the rider or his motorcycle will not be permitted toreturn to the paddock. If the rider or his/her motorcycle leavesthe staging area after this point the rider will not be permitted tostart the race. The only exception to this is for the rider touse the officially designated restroom.b. Riders or crewmembers observed to be relieving themselvesanywhere other than in a fixed or portable restroom will bepenalized.4.19 Starting Proceduresa. The Supercross starting area dimensions will be as follows:1. Starting gate minimum width: 80 feet2. Minimum length of the starting area: 120 feet3. Minimum width: 20 feet at the point the start area enters thetrackb. All starts will be made with a mechanical backward-falling gate.With the exception of staggered restarts.c. When using a starting gate with 22 gates, the two outsidegates at either end will not be used for heats or main events.These outside gates will only be used when more than 20riders are competing in the race.d. Jumping or fouling the gate may result in a penalty of one lapor disqualification.e. All starting gates must have a rear restraint a distance of eightfeet behind the gate in the down position, for example, railroadties or 4 x 4 that will prevent riders from rolling back from thegate.f. The starting gate handle must be enclosed to prevent theriders and team personnel from viewing the drop of the gate.g. Riders will be called from the staging area to line up on thestarting gate.28

h. Each rider may have only one crewmember accompany him tothe starting gate.i. The riders must quickly make their pick on the gate.j. Once a rider has taken his/her position at the starting gate,he/she cannot change it.k. Grooming may be done behind the gate, provided no shovels,tools, or other implements (foreign or natural) are used.l. Slamming of the gate is not permitted.m. Riders or their team members are forbidden to groom in frontof the starting gate or to water the starting lines. "Burn-Outs"prior to the parade sighting lap will be considered grooming infront of the starting gate. Any rider who is found in violation ofthis rule will have one lap of his race result removed.n. Only loose dirt found in the designated starting area may beused to form an elevated pad under the rider’s feet. The use ofstarting blocks, stones or other foreign elevating devices isprohibited.o. Ramps of any kind may not be formed in the starting lane.(The front and rear tires must be level).p. Motorcycles must be centered in the starting gate. Riders maynot start at an angle.q. When the last rider is in the gate and the track is cleared forthe start:1. The Race Director or his designee will direct the Starter tohold up a 30-second sign.2. The 30-second sign will be held upright for 30 seconds, andthen turned sideways for at least five seconds, but not morethan 10 seconds.3. During the 5-10 second interval, the gate will fall.4.20 Red Flag Race Stops and Restart Proceduresa. Any race start or restart will be considered an official part of theevent even if the start or restart does not result in a lap beingcompleted by the leader. Therefore, any infractions will bedeemed valid and ruled upon accordingly.b. In the case of a false start (gate malfunction), a race will berestarted with the riders returning to their original startingpositions.c. Riders who are not present at the starting gate for the originalstart of a race are barred from any subsequent restarts.d. Riders who are present at the gate but are unable to start dueto a stalled motorcycle may join the race from the starting areaat anytime during the race.e. Riders who are unable to join the race by this procedure arebarred from any subsequent restarts.4.21 Restartsa. The race is stopped (with fewer than 3 laps completed by therace leader / whether it be a Heat, Last Chance Qualifier orMain Event)29RACE RULES &PROCEDURES

1. A red flag will be displayed to the riders.2. The race will be considered null and void.3. The riders will return to the starting area and a re-start willtake place as soon as possible.4. The riders will keep their initial starting order.5. The riders will be restarted from the starting gate.6. Riders who were present at the starting gate for the originalstart of the race but were unable to start and who did not jointhe race before the red flag was displayed are notauthorized to take the restart.7. The race will be run for the original number of laps.8. In the case of a Final, if it is found impossible to restart thenthis Final will be declared cancelled and not count for theChampionship.b. The race is stopped (with more than three laps and less than90% of the total distance completed by the race leader,rounded down to the nearest whole number of laps / whether itbe a Heat, Last Chance Qualifier or Main Event)1. A red flag will be displayed to the riders.2. The riders will return to the starting area and a re-start willtake place as soon as possible.a. A minimum of 10 minutes from the time that the red flag isdisplayed will be given to make repairs or adjustments.b. The race may be re-started before the minimum 10minute waiting time only if all riders indicate to the RaceDirector that they are ready to start.c. Repairs or adjustments may only be made in the startingarea.3. The starting order will be determined by each rider’s raceposition at the end of the lap preceding the stopping of therace.4. Riders will be restarted from a staggered standing start inthe starting area.a. Riders will be lined up in a staggered formation beginningon the starting straight at a start line located by the firstturn, starting with the rider that was in the first positionand continuing back towards the starting area.b. Riders not ready to take their position in line will be placedlast.c. Once all riders are in position, a yellow flag will bedisplayed to indicate that the start will be within 30seconds. Once the yellow flag has been removed, thestarter will then display a green flag to signal thestart.d. Riders may not overtake the rider in front of themuntil they pass the designated starting line.30

e. Any rider that does overtake the rider in front of thembefore the starting line will have been deemed to havejumped the start and will be penalized a minimum oftwo positions in the final results.f. Eligible riders who are unable to participate in the re-startdue to a stalled motorcycle or continued repairs may jointhe race from the starting area at anytime during the race.g. Riders who were no longer actively participating in race atthe time when the red flag was displayed are notauthorized to take part in the restart.5. The race will be run for the remaining number of laps.6. In the case of a Main Event, full championship points will beawarded.c. The race is stopped with more than 90% of the total distancecompleted by the race leader, rounded down to the nearestwhole number of laps / whether it be a Heat, Last ChanceQualifier or Final)1. A finish flag will be displayed to the riders.2. The riders will return to the paddock.3. The race will be considered completed. In that case, theriders' position will be those at the end of the lap precedingthe stopping of the race.4. In the case of a Heat or Last Chance Qualifier, the riders willqualify for the Main Event or be relegated to the LastChance Qualifier according to these results.5. In the case of a Last Chance Qualifier, the top two riders willqualify for the Main Event according to these results. Theremaining riders are eliminated.6. In the case of a Main Event, full championship points will beawarded.4.22 Race Finishesa. Races are officially ended for all contestants at the completionof the lap in which the checkered flag is displayed to thewinner.b. The officially designated finish line is defined as theuppermost leading edge of the finish line obstacle.c. To be considered as having completed a lap, the rider and hismotorcycle must cross the plane of the checkered flagofficially designated finish line. Under specialcircumstances and at any time other than the checkeredflag lap, crossing outside of the designated finish lineobstacle can be considered a completed lap, as long asthe rider continues the race for at least one morecompleted lap.d. Riders will be credited with all laps they complete during a raceunless a penalty has been assessed.e. Riders choosing to leave a race before its completion need notwait for the checkered flag to receive credit for laps they havecompleted.31RACE RULES &PROCEDURES

f. Should the checkered flag be displayed later than the officialdistance, the finishing order will be decided on the basis of theofficial distance.g. Under any other circumstances, the winner is the leader at thetime the checkered flag is displayed.h. A motorcycle that enters the paddock during a race will not bepermitted to return to the racetrack. A motorcycle that leavesthe stadium floor or infield of a speedway during a racewill not be permitted to return to the racetrack.i. Should a rider be given the checkered flag ahead of the actualwinner, or with the winners, the rider will be scored as havingcompleted the race in the race position the rider was running atthat time.j. A video camera may be used at the finish line to aid thescorekeepers in determining the finishing order of a close race.Should video footage from an AMA-designated camera beunavailable or inconclusive for any reason, the scoring of thefinish will be based solely on the scorekeepers' decision.k. At the conclusion of the Main Event, the top five finishing ridersand their motorcycles must go directly to a staging arealocated at the podium. Other riders outside of the top 5 mayalso be directed to the podium staging area. Failure to go tothe designated podium staging area may result in a fine.l. At the conclusion of the Main Event, and after the podiumceremonies are complete, the top three finishing motorcyclesmust go directly to the technical impound area located at theAMA trailer or other area as designated by the Chief TechnicalInspector. Other motorcycles may be directed to impound atthe discretion of the Chief Technical Inspector. Failure to godirectly to the technical impound area will result in a penalty.m. At the conclusion of the race any riders who do not completethe same number of laps as the leader will be scored in orderof finish, laps completed and the number of laps completedfirst.1. If more than one rider starts the race but does not completeone full complete lap as per official scoring, those riders willbe placed in the final results based their qualifying time.n. A rider whose motorcycle is disabled before reaching the finishline may, by the rider's own unaided muscular energy, push orcarry the motorcycle in the proper direction of the track tocomplete the race by crossing the finish line, unless the rider isdetermined to be a hazard by the Race Director.4.23 Official Race Resultsa. No official announcement of race results will be given until allscoring materials are examined and approved by the Timing &Scoring Manager.b. Provisional results will then be posted and will become officialif a rider does not protest against the results within 30 minutesafter they have been posted.c. If rechecks are required within the 30-minute time limit, a newposting time limit of 30 minutes will be required if changes aremade to the previously posted results.32

d. The issuing of official results does not exempt riders whocompeted in the event from penalties for rules violationsdetermined by the Race Director following the protest period.e. In the case of a protest, riders are entitled to review theirscores with the Race Director and/or the Timing & Scoringmanager.4.24 Championship Pointsa. When the results of Supercross main events are declaredofficial, AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship pointswill be awarded down to a maximum of 20 places for theoverall results of the Main Events.b. In the event that a qualified rider is unable to make the start ofthe main event, they will be placed in last place in the finalresults. If more than one qualified rider is unable to start theywill be placed in order of qualifying in the final results. In eithercase they will earn points and purse based on the final results.c. Under special circumstances, if more than 20 riders are in themain event, riders finishing 21 and up will receive 1 point.d. The AMA Supercross, an FIM World Champion will be decidedbased on the total of series points accumulated from eachMain Event.e. In the event of a tie for the championship, the winner will bedetermined based on the number of Main Event wins.f. Should a tie still remain, finishes of second, third, etc, will betallied until the tie is broken.g. If a tie still remains, the best finish in the last race willdetermine the champion.h. AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship PointsSchedulePoints will be awarded for Supercross Main Events accordingto the following schedule:RACE RULES &PROCEDURESFinish PointsFinish PointsPositionPosition1 25 11 102 22 12 93 20 13 84 18 14 75 16 15 66 15 16 57 14 17 48 13 18 39 12 19 210 11 20 and up 14.25 450SX Class Manufacturers’ Championshipa. For the Manufacturers' Championship, only the highest placedmotorcycle of each manufacturer will gain points, according tothe rider’s position in each Final (Main Event) of the "AMASupercross, an FIM World Championship".33

. The same 20 place Championship point schedule applies tomanufacturers as it does to the riders in Supercross.c. In case of ties for the Manufacturers' Championship, the sameconditions as for the riders will apply to determine the winner.d. In the case where a rider participates on motorcycles fromdifferent manufacturers, it is the make of the motorcycle withwhich he has obtained the most points that will appear next tohis name in the final standings, without, however, modifyingthe calculation for the Manufacturers' Championship.4.26 Supercross Prize Giving Ceremoniesa. The AMA Supercross FIM World Champion and AMA 250SXEast and West Champions are obliged to attend the official"AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship" Prize-GivingCeremony, organized by the Promoter at the end of the AMASupercross, an FIM World Championship. Failure to attend willresult in an AMA fine.b. The AMA Supercross FIM World Champion must also attendthe FIM Prize-Giving Ceremony organized by the FIM whichwill be held later in the year. Failure to attend the FIMceremony will result in a FIM fine in accordance with Art. 60.7World Champions Awards Ceremony of the FIM SportingCode.34

Section 5250SX Class Specific RulesThe 250SX class will abide by all rules and regulations set forth inthe 2013 AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship rulebookwith the exceptions listed in Section 5.Section 250SX Class Page5.1 250SX License Eligibility 355.2 250SX East/West Championship Guidelines 365.3 250SX Entries 375.4 250SX Technical Standards 385.5 Engines 395.6 Forks and Shocks 395.7 Weight Limit 395.8 Numbers and Number Plates and Logo’s 405.9 Display of the AMA Logo 415.10 Qualifying at 250SX Races 425.11 250SX Races 425.12 250SX Substance Abuse Policy 425.1 250SX Class License EligibilityRequirements for a 2013 or 2014 AMA 250SXlicense:a. All license applicants must be at least 16 years of age at thetime of application.b. Prior to being accepted for entry for any AMA Supercrossmeet, each rider must provide documentation that theyhave completed an ImPACT Concussion ManagementTest, which shall be used by the Chief Medical Officer, toassist in determining when a rider will be allowed to returnto competition after suffering a concussion.In addition to the age requirements and ImPACT test, riders mustmeet one of the following criteria to be eligible for an AMA 250SXclass license.c. Qualifying through the AMA Arenacross “Road toSupercross” program1. Earn 35 AMA Arenacross class points in the 2011, 2012or 2013 AMA Arenacross series.2. Earn 60 AMA Arenacross Lites class points in the 2011,2012 or 2013 AMA Arenacross series3. Finish in the top 10 overall in the AMA AmateurArenacross World Finals in 2011 or 2012 in the expertmain event class.4. Earn 1 “Road to Supercross” point from theArenacross class at a minimum of three separateArenacross events from the 2013/14 season (for atotal of 3 points).d. Qualifying through other programs1. Earn at least 75 points (at the time of application) in theAMA Pro/Am Motocross Series.250SX CLASSRULES35

2. Finish in the top 15 overall at the AMA Amateur NationalMotocross Championship in 2011 or 2012 in any of the250A or 450A or Pro Sport classes.3. Qualified into the evening program in the AMA 450SX orAMA 250SX class at least one time during the 2009 thru2012 Supercross season.4. Qualified in the top 40 in at least one round of the 2011 or2012 AMA Pro Motocross Championship in the 250MX or450MX class.5. Riders who earned a 2012 AMA 250SX license mayreapply for their 2012 license based on the criteria forwhich it was earned in 2012.****Requirements for a 2015 and beyond AMA250SX license****a. All license applicants must be at least 16 years of age at thetime of application.b. Prior to being accepted for entry for any AMA Supercrossmeet, each rider must provide documentation that theyhave completed an ImPACT Concussion ManagementTest, which shall be used by the Chief Medical Officer, toassist in determining when a rider will be allowed to returnto competition after suffering a concussion.c. Earn 1 “Road to Supercross” point from the Arenacrossclass at a minimum of three separate Arenacross eventsfrom the 2013/14/15 season (for a total of 3 points).5.2 250SX East/West Championship Guidelinesa. Riders must designate the region in which they intend toparticipate prior to the first event of the season.b. Once a rider has designated their region, they may not transferto the opposite region in the 250SX class unless the rider isinjured at the first event that they are competing in, and failedto start any part of the evening program. The request must besubmitted in writing to AMA. The rider must remain in the newregion for the rest of the season.c. Riders who have earned an AMA 450MX class Championship,AMA 450SX class Championship or FIM MX1 WorldChampionship are not eligible to compete in the 250SXEast/West Championship.d. Effective with the 2007 season points, riders earning at least135 250SX Championship points in an nine-race season, 120250SX Championship points in an eight-race season, or 105250SX Championship points in a seven-race season, in threeseasons of 250SX competition will be ineligible for the 250SXclass.1. If the number of events in each of the 250SX class regionsis different, the number of events used for points will bebased on the smaller number. (i.e. if there are eight Westevents and seven East events, the West riders would throwout their worst finish for a maximum total of seven events)36

2. A rider may move to the 450SX class at any time providedhe/she is eligible for the 450SX class, as outlined in theAMA Supercross licensing regulations.e. AMA 250SX Regional Champions may defend theirchampionship’s the following season, with the followingclarifications:1. Champions may ride either region the following year butmust only compete with the no. 1 plate when defending inthe region in which they won the Championship.2. A rider that wins a 250SX Championship will be eligible toparticipate in the 250SX class for a maximum of three yearstotal regardless of what year he/she won the title. (i.e. if arider wins the Championship in their third year of 250SXcompetition, they will be ineligible for the 250SX classregardless of points and therefore not eligible to defend their250SX Championship title)3. After a rider wins a second Championship, in either region,the rider will be ineligible for the 250SX class, regardless ofpoints or number of years in class.f. Riders who are advanced to the 450SX class through points orChampionships won will not be eligible to return to the 250SXclass.g. Riders finishing inside the top 20 of the 450SX class points in2010, 2011 or 2012 will not be eligible to ride the 250SX class.h. Designated 250SX riders who competed in the 450SX class inselect 2012-13 events will remain eligible for the 250SX classin 2013-14, regardless of where they finish in the 450SX classpoints, provided that after the completion of the 2013Championship season they are not advanced to the 450SXclass through 250SX points or 250SX championships won.1. A Designated 250SX rider is defined as a 250SX licensedrider who has declared a region and is actively competing inthat region. AMA in its sole discretion will determine if a250SX rider meets the “designated 250SX rider” criteria.i. 250SX East/West riders may compete in the 450SX class,provided they are eligible for the 450SX class as outlined in theAMA Supercross licensing regulations. Riders may onlycompete in one class at each event.5.3 250SX Entriesa. Prior to being accepted for entry for any AMA Supercrossmeet, each rider must provide documentation that theyhave completed an ImPACT Concussion ManagementTest, which shall be used by the Chief Medical Officer, toassist in determining when a rider will be allowed to returnto competition after suffering a concussion.b. Supercross will be pre-entry ONLY and limited to 80 riders.Post entries will only be permitted under special circumstancesand at the sole discretion of AMA.c. Pre entries close 21 days prior to the first event of the season.All other pre entries close 14 days prior to each event.250SX CLASSRULES37

d. Riders may only enter one class at Supercross (No doubleclassing).e. Entries will be accepted for the 250SX class in the followingorder of priority until the classes reach the 80 rider limit:1. Top 45 in points from 2012 in the 450SX or 250SX class andpre-entered for the entire season.2. Top 40 in points from 2012 in AMA 450MX class or 250MXclass and pre-entered for the entire season.3. Riders earning points outside the top 45 in the 450SX or250SX class in 2012 or outside the top 40 in the AMA450MX or 250MX classes in 2012 and pre-entered for theentire season.4. After a rider earns championship points in the currentchampionship series, their entry for any following events inthe series is guaranteed, provided the entry is receivedbefore the closing date.5. No 2012 points in any 450SX, 250SX or AMA 450MX or250MX class, but pre-entered for the entire season.6. Top 45 in points from 2012 in the 450SX class or 250SX, butnot pre-entered for the entire season.7. Top 40 in points from 2012 in AMA 450MX or 250MXclasses, but not pre-entered for the entire season.8. Riders earning points outside the top 45 from 2012 in the450SX or 250SX class or the top 40 in the AMA 450MX or250MX classes, but not pre-entered for the entire season.9. For those with no points and not pre-entered for the entireseason, the date on which the pre-entry was received at theAMA Office in Pickerington, Ohio will be the determiningfactor for acceptance.f. Verification of the acceptance of an entry may be checked bycalling the Competition Services Department at (614) 856-1900the Wednesday after the closing date (typically one week priorto the meet.)g. Acceptance of entries may be granted for specialcircumstances. All entries will be accepted at the discretion ofAMA.h. All entry fees are non-refundable once the closing date haspassed.i. Exceptions will be made only if AMA is notified five days priorto the event with a legitimate medical excuse.j. To be considered as pre-entered for the entire season, acomplete entry form with total fees for the 9 250SX classevents must be received by Dec 14, 2012.5.4 250SX Class Technical Standardsa. 250SX Class motorcycles are subject to the followingrequirements in addition to the applicable requirements inGeneral Equipment Standards. Superseded parts controlled bythese rules must be submitted to AMA for review and approval38

efore use in competition. In addition, these parts must then belisted in the current OEM parts list as supplied to AMA.Motorcycle components not specifically controlled by theserules may be modified, removed or replaced.5.5 Enginesa. Engine Displacements:0 – 125cc 2-stroke0 – 250cc 4-strokeb. Material and castings of the cylinders, cylinder heads andcrankcases must be the same as the originally approvedmodel. Material may be added or removed from these items.5.6 Forks and Shocksa. The manufacturer's original concept of either single or doubleshocks must be maintained.b. In 250SX, the replacement and modification of forks andshocks are limited to the following:1. Forks and shocks may be either stock or aftermarket unitslisted on the Approved Equipment List. This list is availablefrom the AMA Technical Department.2. Homologated inner and outer fork tubes, axle lugs,cartridge, and piston rod must be retained, modificationsare permitted. All other fork parts may be replaced.3. Homologated shock body, shaft and reservoir must beretained, modifications are permitted. All other shock partsmay be replaced.4. The AMA must receive written notification from themanufacturer of any superseding of controlled parts beforethose parts may be used in competition. Themanufacturer's parts list reflecting the superseded partmust accompany the notification.5. Approved forks, shocks, and superseded parts must beavailable in the U.S. through dealers or distributors to AMAPro-licensed 250SX riders for the entire current season. Adealer or distributor must fill legitimate orders,accompanied by a 50% deposit, within 15 business days ofreceipt. Failure to fill a legitimate order may result in thecanceling of the component manufacturer's homologation.6. Retail prices of approved forks and shocks may not exceedthe following cost exclusive of all taxes. (The forks andshock assemblies must be complete and functioningassemblies, not only the controlled parts.)7. Both fork legs (less triple clamps) $5,1758. Shock assembly $2,0005.7 Weight Limita. Minimum weight requirement:0 – 125cc 194 pounds126 – 250cc 212 poundsb. See Weighing Procedures (Section 1.15)39250SX CLASSRULES

5.8 Numbers and Number Plates and Series Logo’sa. The current 250SX East and West class Champions must runa white number 1 with a black background only whendefending the number 1 plate in their championship region.b. The current point’s leader must run a red background withwhite numbers.c. At the first event of the season, the current 250SX ClassChampion will be considered the point’s leader and will run thered number plate.d. Number Plate Colors:250SX ClassBlack plates, white numbers2012 250SX Champion Black plates, white number 12013 Current Points Leader Red Plate, White Numbers(250SX Champion must be defending in their championship region)e. Numbers must be a solid color.f. Excessive condensing or stretching of the numbers is notpermitted.g. Front numbers must be a minimum height of 6 inches.h. Side numbers must be a minimum height of 5½ inches.i. The current 250SX Class Champion using the number 1 isallowed to use a special-sized number.j. Number display area must be of adequate area to provideample space (approximately 1 inch) around and betweennumbers.k. Front number plates must be mounted in such a manner as toprevent deflection of the plate during the event. Any attempt atstreamlining, such as curved plates, or plates that are notrigidly mounted, is prohibited, unless such plates are standardon the homologated model.l. Plastic or fiberglass number plates have a minimum thicknessof 1/16 inch.m. For the 250SX Class, the approved front number plate designwill contain the current AMA logo followed by theChampionship Title Sponsor logo, and again followed by thecurrent AMA logo.n. For the AMA 250SX Class the correct AMA Supercross logomust be displayed on both side number plates. The minimumsize of the logo is 3 inches wide by 1¾ inch high.40

o. The area indicated on both side number plates are reserved forthe current class specific logo(s).p. Riders competing in the AMA 250SX Class must display theAMA logo on the upper left front torso or left shoulder area oftheir jersey. The minimum size of the logo is 3 inches wide by1¾ inch high.q. If the rider uses a chest/back protector, the logo must belocated in the center front on the chest/back protector. This isin addition to the logo located on the jersey.5.9 Display of the AMA Logoa. All riders are required to have approved logos in placewhenever they are competing in any part of an AMASupercross, an FIM World Championship event.b. The following logos are the approved AMA images to bedisplayed on the front and side number plates, and riderapparel. The logo is also a part of the front number platedesign, which will also include the series title sponsor.Front number plate:250SX CLASSRULESSide number plate and jersey:c. How to obtain the logo and/or logo artwork file:1. At each event, all number plate stickers and adhesiveapparel patches will be available at AMA Tech Inspectionat each meet.2. If a third party produces number plates and/or jerseys foryou prior to meets, they may request logo files to:kcrowther@ama-cycle.org. The request for artwork by athird party should include the rider's name.3. Disclaimer for use of AMA registered Trademarks:AMA and the other logos and trademarks shown herein aretrademarks of the AMA. Participants are to use the approved41

logos on number plates and apparel only when participating inAMA events. Any further use of the mark outside of this capacityis prohibited without written consent from AMA. Any further use ofthe marks (i.e., the AMA mark, and other AMA trademarks andlogos) outside of this capacity is prohibited without a license fromor the express, written permission of AMA.5.10 Qualifying at 250SX Racesa. All qualifying practices will be timed.b. Afternoon qualifying practices will be used to compile the 40fastest riders (the “Fast 40”) in the 250SX class. These 40riders will advance to the evening program.c. If a rider or riders have qualified in the top 40 but are unable toparticipate in the evening program, riders that qualified outsideof the top 40 may be allowed into the heat races. This will bedone starting with the 41 stqualifier until all positions for theevening program are filled. These riders will pick their gateposition in the order in which they qualified after all riders inthat heat race from the top 40 have gated. Riders outside ofthe top 40 may be denied this option based on lap times at thesole discretion of the Race Director or AMA.d. Afternoon qualifying practices will be used to determine theorder for gate picks in the heat races. The fastest rider will bethe first gate pick in the second heat. The second fastest riderwill be the first gate pick in the first heat race and so on until allqualifying riders are placed in a heat race.5.11 250SX Racesa. The Evening Program in 250SX will consist of two Heat Races,one Last Chance Qualifier, and one Main Event.b. In the Heat Races, 1 st through 9 th will advance to the mainevent; 10 th through 20 th will advance to the Last ChanceQualifier.c. In the Last Chance Qualifier, 1 st and 2 nd will advance to themain.d. The 250SX Main Event will be 15 Laps.e. The first rider across the finish line at the conclusion of a raceis the winner.f. The issuing of official results does not exempt riders whocompeted in the event from penalties for rules violationsdetermined by AMA investigations following the protest period.g. In the case of a protest, riders are entitled to review theirscores with the timing & scoring manager.5.12 250SX Class Substance Abuse Policya. 250SX class riders will follow the terms and conditions of theFIM Anti-Doping Code.b. Random tests for drugs and alcohol may be conducted at thediscretion of AMA or their respective drug testing partners.c. Compliance with the Anti-Doping Code is an essentialprecondition to the issuance of Professional Competitionlicenses.42

d. Any violation of the policy or refusal to submit to testing asrequested by AMA, or their respective drug testing partners willresult in the immediate revocation of the competitor’s licenseand loss of all rights to compete in AMA Professional orAmateur sanctioned events.e. The Anti-Doping Code is available upon request from the AMAoffice.250SX CLASSRULES43

Appendix AOffenses, Penalties, Protests, and AppealsSection Offenses, Penalties, Protests and PageAppealsA1 General Information 44A2 General Offenses and Penalties 44A3 Equipment Offenses and Penalties 47A4 Protests 47A5 Appeals 48A1 General Informationa. Through the establishment and enforcement of various rulesand procedures, AMA and the FIM strive to regulate the sportof professional motorcycle racing in the fairest possiblemanner. By participating in an AMA Supercross, an FIM WorldChampionship meet, each participant agrees to abide by theAMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship rules andprocedures. In addition, riders are held responsible for theactions of their crewmembers. As part of entering a meet, arider assures the competent bodies that his/her crewmembersare AMA members in good standing. All parties involved in themeet are expected to conduct themselves in a professionalmanner, respecting at all times the rights of others.Participation in these meets is a privilege afforded to licenseand event credential holders, and all such participantsunderstand that violation of AMA Supercross, an FIM WorldChampionship rules and procedures can lead to forfeiture oftheir competition licenses or event credential, fines, pointsdeductions, lap deductions, finishing position deductions, timepenalties (which must result in the loss of at least one finishingposition), disqualification and other disciplinary actions asoutlined herein.b. Rules directed or related to safety are promulgated to make allpersons concerned with safety, but AMA or the FIM neither dowarrant safety if the rules are followed nor compliance with andenforcement of rules. Each participant in competition has theresponsibility to assess the safety aspects of facilities andconditions and must assume the risk of competition.c. The Race Director has the competence to pronouncesanctions against riders, team staff, officials,promoters/organizers and all the persons involved in anycapacity whatsoever in an event or in the Championship.d. The Race Director may pronounce the following penalties.• Warning• Fine• Lap deductions or finishing position deductions• Time and/or point penalties• Disqualification• Suspension• Probation not exceeding 12 months from the date ofoffenceA2 General Offenses and Penaltiesa. This section outlines actions that are deemed to be detrimentalto the sport of motorcycle racing and which may result in a44

ange of disciplinary actions. Unless otherwise specificallyprovided for in these rules, the Race Director may disqualifyany participant or motorcycle from the balance of a race meetfor violation of these rules, insubordination or other actionsdeemed in the sole discretion of the Race Director to bedetrimental to the race meet and the sport. Suchdisqualification includes the loss of any rights with regard to theevent in question and may result in expulsion from the meetsite. In addition, the Race Director is empowered to levy finesand to recommend to AMA that a party or parties besuspended from participation in AMA sanctioned activities.Unless otherwise specifically provided for in these rules, AMAis empowered to suspend from competition any rider, crewmember or motorcycle for a period of one meet up to anindefinite suspension for violation of these rules,insubordination or other actions deemed, in the sole discretionof AMA, to be detrimental to the sport of motorcycle racing.AMA is also empowered to, in addition to or in lieu of asuspension from competition, suspend a rider's eligibility toearn points for one or more events including, but not limited to,the event in which the rules violation took place. In addition,AMA is empowered to levy fines, points deductions, finishingposition deductions, time penalties (which must result in theloss of at least one finishing position), and lap deductions. Thebeginning and ending dates of any such suspension will be asdetermined by AMA.b. Any supplemental rules, regulations, instructions or proceduresestablished for the purpose of implementing, interpreting orenforcing these rules will be deemed to be part of the rules.c. The following offenses will be subject to disciplinary action bythe Race Director and/or the competent bodies. This list isprovided as guidance to licensed competitors and eventcredential holders but does not restrict AMA from invokingpenalties for other actions detrimental to the sport that are notspecifically contemplated herein.OFFENSES& PENALTIES1. Falsifying one's age or ability to meet any of the variouseligibility requirements for the AMA Supercross, an FIMWorld Championship, or in general, competing orattempting to compete in AMA/FIM sanctioned activitiesunder false pretenses.2. Competing under a false name or in any other wayattempting to gain an unfair advantage.3. Abetting or knowingly engaging in any race in which theresult is "fixed" or prearranged.4. Giving, offering or promising, directly or indirectly, anybribe in any form to any person in an attempt tocircumvent AMA Supercross, an FIM WorldChampionship rules or procedures or to otherwise gain anunfair advantage.5. Accepting or offering to accept any bribe in any form fromany person in an attempt to circumvent AMA Supercross,an FIM World Championship rules or procedures or tootherwise gain an unfair advantage.45

6. Refusing to provide a factual statement regarding an itemunder appeal when requested by the Stewards Panel.7. Failing to ride in a meet after entering without givingproper notice of non-participation.8. Engaging in a rider boycott, public protest or other similarconcerted activity meant to stop, delay or otherwise inhibitthe start or completion of any portion of an AMASupercross, an FIM World Championship event.9. Engaging in any unfair practice, misbehavior or actiondetrimental to the sport of motorcycling in general,whether or not related to a specific competition.10. An attack on a racing official and/or engaging in a fight.This includes any person who attacks or is involved in afight anywhere on the premises prior to, during or after anAMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship meet.There will be no maximum fine or suspension period forthis offense.11. Refusal to submit a machine for inspection. Any riderrefusing to immediately surrender his or her machine tothe Race Director or his designee upon demand, orrefusing to allow examination or measurement of amachine's components, will be in violation of these rules.12. Failure to re-enter the track at a point as close as practicalto the point at which the rider left the track; and in sodoing gaining an unfair advantage.13. Receiving any form of prohibited outside assistance,including, but not limited to, receiving radio transmissionswhile in competition, except as provided for in these rules.14. Failure to appear for scheduled registration and/or pre- orpost-race tech inspection.15. Failing to immediately respect and comply withoperational or warning flags/lights or other signals fromracing officials.16. Failure to attend riders' meetings.17. Riding at any time in such a manner as to endanger thelife or limb of other riders, officials or the public.18. Wagering by a participant on the outcome of any AMAsanctioned race.19. Failing a test for drugs or refusing to submit to drugtesting as required from time to time by AMA, the FIM ortheir respective drug testing partners under its SubstanceAbuse Policy or the FIM Anti Doping Code.20. Causing or attempting to cause a race to be stopped. Atthe sole discretion of the Race Director or his designee, arider who is judged to have intentionally caused a red flagmay be excluded from restarting the event in question.21. Failure on the part of a manufacturer/distributor to fulfillthe requirements of homologation agreements.46

22. Any other act or actions deemed by the Race Director tobe detrimental to the sport of motorcycle racing and thecompetent bodies.A3 Equipment Offenses and Penaltiesa. This section deals with violations of equipment regulations.Regardless of a motorcycle passing prior inspections,compliance with all applicable equipment rules must be madeat the post-race inspection. Any motorcycle found to be inviolation of equipment rules may be assumed to have been inviolation for the entire race meet. Passing a motorcyclethrough technical inspection does not warrant that motorcycle'sadherence with all rules. Each participant assumes fullresponsibility for any violation of equipment rules involving hisor her motorcycle.b. Equipment offenses are determined by the Race Director, athis/her sole discretion.c. Impounding of Motorcycles and Components1. Motorcycles or components may be impounded for up to 45days following an event in which such motorcycles orcomponents were utilized in competition, to allow officials orother independent personnel authorized by AMA or the FIMto perform detailed inspections and testing.2. In the case of an appeal, the competent body may retaincustody of impounded equipment until the appeal processhas been completed.A4 Protestsa. Protests must be lodged according to the following proceduresand be accompanied by a fee of US $800, returnable if theprotest is justified.b. If the protest entails dismantling a motorcycle, the protest feemust be accompanied by an additional deposit of US $150.This fee must be paid by the losing party to the mechanic ofthe rider who had to perform the dismantling procedure.c. Protests entailing a fuel control must be accompanied by anadditional deposit of US $1,000d. Unless specifically excluded herein, riders may lodge protestson any matter regarding an event in which they were aparticipant. Such matters may include, but are not limited to,the conformity of a machine with these rules or the eligibility ofa rider.e. There are two types of protests: technical and administrative.Technical protests relate to the legality of motorcycles andcomponents used in competition. All other protests will bedefined as administrative.f. Each protest must be made separately and in writing. Eachprotest must specify the violation of the AMA Supercross, anFIM World Championship rules or procedures that is alleged,and must be accompanied by the filing fee.g. All protests must be filed within 30 minutes of the posting ofresults of the event in question. The posting of provisionalresults begins the 30-minute protest period.OFFENSES& PENALTIES47

A5 Appealsa. Any person or organization affected by a disciplinary decisionof the Supercross Race Director has the right to appeal thisdecision. This appeal must be presented in writing to theSupercross Race Director 30 minutes at the latest after thenotification of that decision and be accompanied by a fee of US$800, returnable if the appeal is justified.b. Appeals against a decision taken by the Race Director will bedealt with by the Stewards Panel (AMA Steward, FIM Stewardand FMNR Steward, if applicable, for meetings outside theUSA).c. The Stewards Panel will hear any appeals against decision ofthe Race Director.d. Each Steward has one vote. Decisions are based upon asimple majority.e. If all the Members of the Stewards Panel confirm the decisionof the Supercross Race Director, the appeal is rejected. In thiscase, the decision of the Stewards Panel is final. No furtherappeal is possible.f. If one Member of the Stewards Panel does not confirm thedecision of the Supercross Race Director and the otherMember(s) agree(s), the appeal is rejected. No further appealis possible.g. If all the Members of the Stewards Panel disagree with thedecision of the Supercross Race Director, this decision mustbe changed.h. The Stewards Panel may confirm or pronounce the followingpenalties:• Warning• Fine• Lap deductions or finishing position deductions• Time and/or point penalties• Disqualification• Suspension• Probation not exceeding 12 months from the date ofoffencei. The Stewards Panel must ensure that all parties concerned, aswell as the Race Director, receive written notification of anyjudicial decision pronounced by the Stewards as soon aspossible.j. Any participant who is fined under these rules will be deemedsuspended from all AMA sanctioned activities until the fine hasbeen paid. The fined party is entitled to a receipt uponpayment. All fines and other disciplinary actions levied by AMAmust be explained in writing. A copy must be given or sent tothe disciplined party.k. Publication of protests, appeals and the interim and final results of saidprotests and appeals, in American Motorcyclist magazine, FIMMagazine, other magazines, and any other media is expressly agreed toby the participants to any protest or appeal. The participants agree thatthey shall not bring a cause of action against AMA, the FIM or theirrespective directors, trustees, officers, employees, agents and assignsas a result of such publication.48

Appendix BOfficials DutiesSection Officials Duties PageB1 Race Director 49B2 Clerk of Course 50B3 Chief Clerk / Registrar 50B4 Timing and Scoring Manager 50B5 Starter 50B6 Judges, Umpires, and Observers 51B7 Pit Steward 51B8 Chief Technical Inspector 51B9 Equipment Steward 51B10 Stewards Appeals Panel 51B1 Race Directora. Ensure the racecourse is suitable and discontinue race activityif conditions become unacceptable.b. Determine if all riders are qualified to properly negotiate thecourse and prohibit any riders not so qualified from competing.c. Direct the Starter to black flag riders off the track for anycondition he deems to be unacceptable or in violation of anyrules.d. May direct the Starter to red flag/light a race that was startedimproperly.e. Provide for technical inspection of equipment being used bythe riders and bar any equipment that does not conform toequipment regulations.f. See that accurate time is kept for all races.g. To impose penalties for any infringements of the Regulations.h. To impose penalties for any voluntary or involuntary action ordeed accomplished by a person or a group of persons during ameeting, contrary to the current Regulations or instructionsgiven by an official of the meeting.i. To impose penalties for any corrupt or fraudulent act, or anyaction prejudicial to the interests of the meetings or of thesport, carried out by a person or a group of persons occurringduring an event.j. To impose penalties on organizers for having been unable toensure the smooth and efficient running of the event or forserious breaches of the Regulations.k. The Race Director is empowered to measure engines or anyother components.l. Allocate a properly enclosed location for engine inspection.m. The Race Director is empowered to make and enforcetemporary regulations necessary to cover emergencies orspecial conditions (not covered in the Rule Book), includingany unforeseen situation for the betterment and in the interestof the program.n. The Race Director must consider all protests.49OFFICIALSDUTIES

o. The number of riders allowed to start in any meet will besubject to approval of the Race Director and the AMA.B2 Clerk of the Coursea. The Clerk of the Course is appointed by the FMNR.b. The Clerk of the Course cannot be a member of the FIMStewards Panel.c. The Clerk of the Course must assist the Race Director inorganizing and supervising course officials.d. The Clerk of the Course must assist the Race Director in thepreparation and/or maintenance of the course before andduring the meeting.e. The Clerk of the Course must carry out any other duties asmay be assigned by the Race Director.B3 Chief Clerk / Registrara. To exhibit a list of all events.b. To receive all entries and check the riders' competitionlicenses.c. To provide the Pit Steward with two copies of the results forposting and line-up in the pits as soon as possible after eachevent. At the end of the meet, insure that the final results areposted.d. To provide all line-up lists and result lists to the promoter fordistribution to the press.e. Such other duties as may be assigned by the AMA SupercrossSeries Director.B4 Timing & Scoring Managera. To manage timing and scoring/information distributionoperations.b. Responsible for determining that official timing and scoringprocedures are followed.c. To operate the official electric timing equipment and keep anaccurate record of all times and report the same to the RaceDirector.B5 Startera. To provide a complete set of flags for use during the race.b. To assign extra flagmen, when required, at various pointsthroughout the course.c. To determine if scorers, timers, umpires, etc., are ready and inplace before starting the race.d. To position riders at the starting line, start the race, givehalfway flags, last lap flags and finish flags.e. To flag off the course any disqualified riders and otherwisedirect the progress of the race with flags, as instructed by theRace Director.f. To instruct the corner workers as to the performance of theirduties, and insure that each corner worker/flagman has beensupplied with the necessary flags.50

g. Such other duties as may be assigned by the Race DirectorB6 Judges, Umpires and Observersa. Judges may be assigned by the Race Director to determine theoutcome of any meet.b. Umpires may be assigned by the Race Director and whenassigned will watch the progress of the meet and report anyinfractions of the rules to the Race Director.c. Line judges will be assigned by the Race Director to correlate acorrect start with official Starter.B7 Pit Stewarda. To notify riders to appear at the starting point in time for eachevent in which they are entered and assign proper startingpositions.b. To maintain neat, suitable and orderly pits where the riders canwork.B8 Chief Technical Inspectora. To provide a place for and conduct a technical inspectionbefore a rider is allowed on the course for practice.b. To affix a sticker, mark or seal on each machine showing that ithas passed technical inspection.c. To make a list of machines and riders that have beeninspected.d. To process all contingency approval and tech inspection forms.e. During the day, be alert for any unacceptable equipment andreport the equipment to the Race Director.f. To conduct post race inspections to assure rule compliance.B9 Equipment Stewarda. Responsible for uniforms and other equipment transported onthe truck as assigned by the AMA Supercross Series Director.B10 Stewards Appeals Panela. The Stewards Panel is composed of two or three Stewards:1. One FIM Steward;2. One AMA Steward;3. One FMNR Steward, if applicable, for meetings outside theUSA only.b. The FIM Management Council appoints the FIM Steward.c. If the nominated FIM Steward is prevented from arriving at themeeting in time, the FIM may name a replacement, with firstpriority given to a CMS Member not from the FMNR.d. The AMA appoints the AMA Steward.e. If the nominated AMA Steward is prevented from arriving at themeeting in time, the AMA may name a replacement.f. The FMNR is limited to one FMNR Steward (for meetingsoutside the USA only).OFFICIALSDUTIES51

g. The Stewards have no responsibility for the organization of themeeting and their only duty is to give a verdict in appealslodged against decisions of the Race Director.h. The authority and duties of the Stewards include but are notlimited to:1. Adjudicating on any appeal against the decisions of theRace Director.2. Ensuring that the decisions of the FIM Stewards Panelconform to the rules of the FIM Sporting Code, to theregulations and bulletins published by the AMA and FIM.3. Ensuring that all parties concerned, as well as the RaceDirection, receive written notification of any judicial decisionpronounced by them as soon as possible.52

Appendix CSound Test ProceduresSection Sound Test Procedures PageC1 The 2 Meter Max Test 53C2 The Preparation of the Sound Meter 53C3 Test Site And Position of the Sound Meter 53C4 The Positioning of the Motorcycle 53C5 The Operation of the Test 54C6 The Measurement of the Sound Level 55C7 Guidelines for Use of the Sound Meter 55This procedure may be used to test motorcycles as a prerequisitefor entry into any AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championshipevent.C1 The 2 Meter Max Testa. The 2 meter max method shows a very good correlationbetween the sound power level (LwA) issued by motorcycles infull acceleration, and the maximum sound pressure levelsmeasured at proximity of the same motorcycles, with enginesat idle and quickly taken to their maximum rotational speeds.C2 The Preparation of the Sound Metera. Calibrate the sound meter at 93,5 dB 94 dB or 114 dB 113.5dB to take into account the incidence of the wind foam ballb. Position the wind foam ball on the microphonec. Activate the ‘A’ weighingd. FAST time weighting must be activatede. Select range High 80~130 dBf. Activate the function MAX MIN – set on MAXC3 Test Site and Position of the Sound Metera. The sound levels will be measured with the soundmeter/microphone fixed on a tripod, in the horizontal position,at the rear of the motorcycle.b. For the place and position of the motorcycle, ensure that thereare no solid obstacles within 33 feet around the microphone.c. The sound meter will be positioned at a distance of 79 inchesbehind the motorcycle, with an angle of 45° away from thecenterline, on the exhaust side and at a height of 53 inchesabove the ground, with the sound meter level.d. The 79 inch distance is measured from the point where thecenter of rear tire touches the ground.e. It is preferred to make the tests on soft ground, notreverberating, i.e. grass or fine gravel.f. In other than moderate wind, machines should face forward inthe wind direction.g. The ambient sound level must remain lower than 100 dB/A.C4 The Positioning of the Motorcyclea. The reference points:53SOUND TESTPROCEDURES

1. For a motorcycle: the contact point of the rear wheel on theground.2. For motorcycles fitted with 2 exhaust outputs, themeasurement will be made on the side of the air intake. If acentral positioned air intake is used, both sides will betested.3. To make repetitive measurements, all motorcycles can bepositioned into a small frame fixed on the ground.C5 The Operation of the Testa. The measurement is made with motorcycle on its wheels, witha hot engine.b. For the initial sound control and technical inspection, a rider (orhis mechanic) shall present only one spare silencer permachine.c. Other spare silencers may be presented after all participantshave presented their motorcycle.d. The technical steward will be positioned on the right side of themotorcycle, not to screen or stand between the bike and themicrophone. At no time should the technical inspector be in aposition in front of the handlebars during the test.e. The mechanic presenting the motorcycle for testing will bepositioned on the left side of the motorcycle during the test andis required to engage the clutch during the full throttle portionof the test.f. If a second steward is permanently attending the sound levelchecks, it is strongly advised for him to use earplugs, aheadset or ear protectors.g. During the sound test method, machines not equipped with agear box neutral must be placed on a stand.h. The motorcycle may be tested in any gear as directed bythe technical steward.i. The clutch MUST be engaged during the test.j. The Inspector shall open throttle as fast as possible until fullopen throttle (instantly, within 0.3 seconds). He will keep atmax engine ‘rpm’ for 1 second. To end, the inspector willrelease the throttle quickly.k. If the result exceeds the limit, including ‘after fire’, the Inspectorshall test the motorcycle, maximum 2 times more.l. For motorcycles equipped with an engine rpm limiter, openingthe throttle will be made - instantly, within 0.3 seconds - andkept open until at least 1 second has evolved and/or whenthere is an audible sign of over revving the engine.m. For motorcycles without an engine ‘rpm’ limiter, the opening ofthe throttle will have to be lower than 2 seconds and/or whenthere is an audible sign of over-revving the engine.n. If the engine tends to suffocate, close the throttle slightly andre-open the throttle.o. If detonations appear, the measurement must be started again.54

p. For the sound level measurement, the handling of the throttleis limited only to the Inspector, who shall open the throttlehimself in order to minimize the influence by another operator(for that, it is helpful to have the microphone equipped with anextension cable to the sound meter).C6 The Measurement of the Sound Levela. When the measurement is considered acceptable, write downthe result, then reset (push on the sideline) the MAX MINsetting until the disappearance of the previously displayedvalue.b. Push again on the sideline MAX MIN to arm the sound levelmeter.c. The sound level meter is then ready for the followingmeasurement.d. An attempt by a participant to prevent his/her engine to reachthe maximum published rpm figure will be considered a breachof the rules.e. Even after passing the sound control, if there is doubt, themotorcycle may be checked again.f. A noticeably lower engine speed is detected easily by hearing.If doubt, control of the value of the rpm limiter with atachometer.g. A machine which does not comply with the sound limits can bepresented several times at pre-race control.h. The silencers will be marked when they are checked and it isnot allowed to change them after the verification, except forany spare silencer which has also been checked and marked.i. The end opening of the silencer shall remain unmodified onceit has been checked and marked.j. Silencers fitted with removable end cap/adapters aimed toreduce the sound levels shall be marked and securelymounted to the silencer. If the removable end cap/adapterbecomes separated from the silencer during anypractice/qualifying or race, the silencer will be deemedmodified and the rider will be penalized.C7 Guidelines for Use of Sound Level Metersa. Sound level measuring equipment must include a compatiblecalibrator, which must be used immediately before testingbegins and always just prior to a re-test if a disciplinarysanction may be imposed.b. Two sets of equipment must be available in case of failure oftachometer, sound level meter or calibrator during technicalcontrol.c. Corrections1. Class 1 (Type 1) sound meter: deduct 1 dB/A2. Class 2 (Type 2) sound meter: deduct 2 dB/ANOTE: For 2014 thru 2017 the corrections will be:1. Class 1 or Class 2 sound meter: deduct 2 dB/ASOUND TESTPROCEDURES55

d. Ambient temperature1. No deductions.1. Below 50 degrees Fahrenheit: deduct 1 dB/A2. Below 32 degrees Fahrenheit: deduct 2 dB/Ae. Precision of the method (tolerances)1. All corrections are cumulative.f. Action and decisions will depend on decisions taken duringprior discussions with the AMA, Race Director and/or the ChiefTechnical Steward.56

Appendix DFuel Test ProceduresSection Fuel Test Procedures PageD1 Fuel Testing 57D2 Containers for holding Samples 57D3 Fuel Test Procedures 57D4 Shipping from the AMA Office 58D1 Fuel Testinga. The AMA in cooperation with the FIM will carry out fuel tests atany time during the course of any AMA Supercross, an FIMWorld Championship meet.b. Any person or organization, being a potential supplier of fuel,may be requested to submit a sample for testing for conformitywith the required fuel specifications.c. The chief technical inspector, in consultation with the racedirector, has sole authority to direct the administration of fueltests during the course of any AMA Supercross, an FIM WorldChampionship event.d. The criteria for selection of the machines from which samplesare to be taken will be at the sole discretion of the chieftechnical inspector in consultation with the race director.e. The motorcycles selected for fuel sampling and testing will beplaced in the impound area.f. The chief technical inspector will supervise the collection of thetest samples.g. Only officials under the supervision of the chief technicalinspector may take fuel test samples.D2 Containers for Holding Samplesa. Must be clean and constructed of robust, fuel non-reactive,impermeable material.b. Must be sealable.c. Must have provision for identification.D3 Fuel Test Proceduresa. The extraction of fuel from machines must be directly from thefuel tank.b. Three (3) test samples will be collected from each selectedmachine.c. The containers must be immediately sealed and identified byreference to the machine from which the sample was taken.d. This information must be entered on the AMA Supercross, anFIM World Championship Fuel Sample Certificate, which mustcertify the date, place and time of taking the sample, theidentity of the machine from which the sample was taken, andthe identity of its rider.e. The samples (A, B and C) must remain in the control of thechief technical inspector. The rider or a representative of therider/team must sign the AMA Supercross, an FIM World57FUEL TESTPROCEDURES

Championship fuel sample certificate acknowledging that asample was taken, and rider or representative must receive acopy of the certificate.f. The chief technical inspector must arrange to deliver the samples(A, B and C) along with the AMA Supercross, an FIM WorldChampionship fuel sample certificates to an express service fortransportation to the AMA office.D4 Shipping From the AMA Officea. Sample A and its certificate will be sent by express service tothe official testing laboratory where the sample will be testedfor compliance to the fuel specifications in accordance withstandard scientific procedures.b. Sample B and its certificate will be safeguarded at the officialtesting laboratory, if Sample A is found to be in noncomplianceto the fuel specifications, sample B will be testedfor verification.c. Sample C will be safeguarded at the AMA office for futuretesting if necessary.d. The results obtained from such testing must be attached to thelaboratory’s copy of the fuel sample certificate and delivered tothe AMA as soon as practicable after the results have beenobtained.e. The AMA will appoint one or more laboratories for testing fuels.f. Upon receiving the report from the laboratory that a fuelsample or samples are not in compliance with the rules theAMA will inform the rider or team and assess a penalty.g. The rider may request to carry out a test of the B sample toverify the results. The testing of the B sample will be at therider's expense.h. The AMA will receive the testing results of the sample B andcompare with the testing result of sample A.i. Of these two testing results, the rider's more favorable testingresult (whether it be the A or B Sample) will be taken intoaccount.j. The independent testing laboratory in issuing the results of thetest must also verify that the samples were received in goodcondition and with the seal intact.58

Appendix EGlossaryThe following definitions and abbreviations are adopted for use inthese Rules.AMA - American Motorcyclist Association.Aftermarket - Produced by a manufacturer or fabricator other thanthe original equipment manufacturer.Bodywork - Seat/tail section, body panels and fenders.CC - Cubic centimeters.Last Chance Qualifier (LCQ) - A final qualifying race for thoseriders who did not qualify from the heat race.Displacement - The volume swept by the piston(s) in each stroke.Disqualification - The forfeiture of all awards, prizes and pointsearned in all events during that days meet.DOT - United States Department of Transportation.Event - Any one of the races in a meet.Field - All of the riders that make up a race.FIM - Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme.FMNR - National Federation organizing a meeting.Heat Race - A qualifying race that determines which riders advanceto the final event or LCQ.Homologation - AMA approval process initiated by manufacturersor distributors of motorcycles. Only approved motorcycles may beutilized in AMA Supercross competition.Manufacturer - The original manufacturer of a motorcycle, not thedistributor.Marshal – A flagger or observer placed by the race director aroundthe racetrack to assist him in the running of the meet.Meet - A meeting at which one or more events are held.Model - A reference to a particular year and name assigned bymanufacturers to certain motorcycles.Moto - A race held within a meet that awards championship points.Motorcycle - A rear wheel driven, two wheeled vehicle that ispowered by a single engine.OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer.Official Results - A listing of the final finishing order of an eventissued by scoring after the 30 minute protest period has expired.Paddock - Designated area primarily used for maintenance ofevent-entered competition motorcycles. May also include parkingarea for motorcycle transport and support vehicles.Participant - Every rider, club, association, company, promoter andall other persons participating or in any way connected with an AMArace meet.59GLOSSARY

Pit Crew - Mechanics and/or assistants.Mechanics Area - Designated area directly adjacent to the racetrack that may include staging and signal zones. Access is limited tomechanics, officials or those with appropriate track pass credentials.Program - The predetermined outline of events that make up ameet.Provisional Results - An initial listing of the finishing order of anevent issued by scoring immediately following the race finish.Promoter - Any person or number of persons, company,corporation or club holding, proposing to hold or organizing a meet.Qualify - To advance to a final event by timed qualifying or heatrace finish position.Race - Competition in which two or more riders compete againsteach other.Race Position - A rider’s position based on his distance coveredrelative to the race leader.Race Track - The actual racing surface and runoff areas, plus thepit road, grid and a test track, when provided, along with any otherarea where the riding of competition motorcycles is permitted.Rider - Any person who competes on the racetrack in a meet.Scoring - Officials who provide all timing information and raceresults.Stadium Floor – The floor area in the open air part of a stadium.This does not include tunnels or ramps that provide access to thestadium floor area.Staging or Starting Area - The location where riders and machinesare assembled prior to the start of an event.Starting Gate - Any of various types of movable barriers for liningup and giving an equal start to the riders.Stock - Parts manufactured and delivered by the OEM, which areidentical to the parts installed on the motorcycle by the OEM beforeretail sale.Superseded - This term refers to new OEM parts that replace oldparts for increased safety or durability but not to improveperformance.Suspension (with reference to penalties) - The loss of all rights tocompete as a rider or participate as a member of a pit crew for astated period.Technical Inspector - The technician who inspects all motorcyclesand equipment of riders participating in a meet.Timed Qualifying Practice - A practice against time by anindividual rider. Laps are electronically timed for each rider todetermine qualifying order.60

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