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PDF file (2.44 MB) - Asia Pacific Adaptation Network

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Parallel Sessions 2: Climage Change <strong>Adaptation</strong> and Agriculture23The author also recommended the conduct of further studies on the uses, methods, and validity ofadaptive capacity indices at the household level.Q: Who identified the indicators and sub-indicators ?A: The indicators were based on the sustainable livelihoods framework. As the study was at the HHlevel, it followed closely the study of Eakin et. al. used in Mexico; however, crop insurance wasexcluded in this study because it is not yet practiced in the area.Q: Was geographic information system (GIS) mapping used in the study to visually represent theindicators?A: Other factors were looked into, like vulnerability assessment, adaptive capacity, willingness to payfor adaptation, and factors affecting adaptation. But GIS mapping was not done; that would be agood extension of this study. GIS mapping would make it easier to locate which households arevulnerable and what are their adaptive capacities.Q: What is climate field school (CFS)?A: This is a four-month intensive training mainly focused on enabling farmers to use climate data tohelp them better plan and manage their farms. It is a field school because the classroom sessionsare complemented by actual field observations by the farmers. 5A Shift in the Mycotoxin Pro<strong>file</strong> in Costa Ricaunder Climate Change: A Case on MycotoxigenicFusarium proliferatum in Rice (Oryza sativa)Adriana Murillo-Williams, PhDProfessor, University of Costa RicaCosta Rica (pop. 4.5 million) has an area of 51,100 km 2 of which 35% is dedicated to agriculture.The main crops are rice and beans. Average rice consumption is 54 kg/person per year, and 60% ofrice demand is covered by local production. Climate change current trends in Latin America show atemperature increase of 1 o C and declining precipitation in Central America. Extreme events are alsoexperienced. Future trends show the possibility of 1 o C-4 o C or 2 o C-6 o C temperature increases, whichcan contribute to significant decrease of rice yields by 2020. This has implications on domestic ricesupply and consumption.Extreme events may precipitate increased moisture that promotes fungal growth. Climate(temperature and moisture) is the most important factor involved in mycotoxin contamination.Mycotoxins are compounds produced by fungi that are harmful to humans and animals, e.g.,aflatoxins, ochratoxins, DON, and fumonisins which are carcinogenic and toxic to animals. Fusariumproliferatum, identified in rice in 2011, presents issues regarding pathogenicity and potential forfumonisin production.Latin America also experiences El Niño which increases Fusarium in wheat in Brazil and Argentina;occurrence of El Niño also leads to increased incidence of fungal diseases in maize, potato and beansin Peru.5 Dumangas is the first municipality in the Philippines and second in <strong>Asia</strong> to adopt the CFS program. The program was first launched inIndramayu, West Java, Indonesia. (SEARCA Agriculture and Development Notes, Vol 2 No. 2)International Conference on Climate Change Impactsand <strong>Adaptation</strong> for Food and Environmental SecurityConference Summary Report

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