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Workshop ReportRole of ICT in Promoting<strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>and Good GovernanceSeptember 28-30, 2011<strong>SAARC</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>Islamabad, PakistanandDepartment of Higher EducationMinistry of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>New Delhi, India
Workshop ReportRole of ICT in Promoting<strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>and Good Governance(September 28-30, 2011)Organized by<strong>SAARC</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> CenterIslamabad, PakistanandDepartment of Higher EducationMinistry of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>New Delhi, India
<strong>SAARC</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> (SHRDC), Islamabada Regional Institution of South Asian Association for RegionalCooperation (<strong>SAARC</strong>), carries out research, conductstrainings/workshops and disseminates information on HRD relatedissues. In line with the SHRDC's objectives, the <strong>Centre</strong> undertakescapacity building activities for regional HRD functionaries, policymakers, development practitioners and trainers. The goal of thecentre is to create the critical mass essential for developmentinitiatives in the South Asian region and enable its people to live aspartners and beneficiaries of the development process.Published by:<strong>SAARC</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islambad, PakistanWeb: www.shrdc.orgE-mail: shrdc@shrdc.orgPh: 92 51 9255159Fax: 92 51 9255160
ContentsContentsForewordExecutive SummaryiiiIntroduction 1Inaugural Ceremony 3Working Sessions 5Concluding Ceremony 13AnnexureAnnex-I List of Participants 14Annex-II Working Program 17Annex-III Power Point Presentations by <strong>Resource</strong> Persons 20
ForewordForewordIn a knowledge-based economy, competitive advantage relies on the capability to adopt and adapt to thechanging environment by the continuous generation and application of new knowledge. A skilled workforceis necessary to enhance innovation activity through effective utilization and application of new technologies,and critical to increase competitiveness and improve economic performance of a country. In order to enhancethe flexibility of the workforce, it is now generally accepted that Information and CommunicationTechnology (ICT) has a significant role to play in accelerating growth, promoting sustainable development,reducing poverty in developing countries as well as countries with economies in transition, and in facilitatingtheir effective integration into the global economy.ICT can contribute to bridge the 'digital divide' and advance over all development. Most importantly,application of ICT in public institutions can substantially improve their capabilities, performance andtransparency by involving all the stakeholders. Given the important role of ICT due to the advancement oftechnology, it is important that the <strong>SAARC</strong> Member States may become fully aware of their competitiveposition in the ICT sector both regionally and globally.This workshop report shares information on the current status of ICT in the <strong>SAARC</strong> Member States, and bestpractices at regional and global levels. Recommendations by the working groups create a vision and developstrategies for future plan of action to use ICT for promoting human resource development and goodgovernance. The outputs of the workshop are intended to assist the government and semi-governmentagencies working in the field of ICT, HRD and governance; regulators, ICT providers, academics as well asthe wider public.I express my gratitude to all the workshop resource persons, keynote speakers and participants for theirsubstantive contributions. The dedicated work of Mr. Anand Kumar Singh, Director (ICT), Department ofHigher Education, Ministry of HRD, India (Focal Person) and his team is gratefully acknowledged. Supportprovided by Mr. Rehmat Wali Khan, Education Officer, SHRDC for making all necessary arrangements forthe workshop is highly appreciated. Invaluable assistance of Mr. Anand Kumar Singh, Director (ICT),Department of Higher Education, Ministry of HRD, India and Syeda Wadiat Kazmi, Publication Officer,SHRDC in compiling this report is particularly recognized. My sincere thanks go to the Governments of<strong>SAARC</strong> Member States and <strong>SAARC</strong> Secretariat for their continued support and cooperation. Your commentsand views, if any, would help the SHRDC to improve the contents and quality of the future workshops.Dr. Riffat Aysha AnisDirector, SHRDCi
Executive SummaryExecutive Summary<strong>SAARC</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> (SHRDC), Islamabad and the Department of HigherEducation, Ministry of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>, New Delhi jointly organized three days workshop on“Role of ICT in Promoting <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> (HRD) and Good Governance” in New Delhifrom September 28-30, 2011. The workshop brought together participants from India, Maldives, Nepal,Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Shri Anant Kumar Singh, Joint Secretary, Department of Higher Education, Ministryof <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>, New Delhi inaugurated the workshop.The main objective of the workshop was to provide an opportunity to the participants to share their experienceand knowledge with the experts to enhance their understanding on the role of ICT in promoting humanresource development and good governance. The workshop mainly focused on discussing country specificinformation and statistics; indentifying the role of ICT in promoting human resource development and goodgovernance regionally as well as globally; and country specific areas where ICT can be employed fordeveloping human resources and good governance.A number of papers and presentations were made by the experts, educationists and donor communityrepresentatives working in the field of education especially ICT. The resource persons arranged variousactivities that revolved around the nature and requirement of the themes to make them more comprehensiveand interesting for the participants. The presentations were followed by discussions and question-answersessions.Groups work and discussion was facilitated by a number of moderators who explained theme and highlightedthe connections, theories and practices with regard to the role of ICT in promoting human resourcedevelopment and good governance. The three working groups came up with recommendations regarding roleof ICT in promoting human resource development and good governance in the <strong>SAARC</strong> region and presentedtheir findings in the closing session.The workshop was concluded on September 30, 2011. Shri Vikram Sahay, Director (EE), Department ofSchool Education and Literacy, Ministry of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>, New Delhi graced the occasionand distributed certificates among the participants.ii
IntroductionIntroductionInformation and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in connecting people and communitiesat national, regional and global level. ICT is also being used to combat poverty, support development efforts,enhance economic growth, promote good governance and develop human resources in the developing world.Efforts are being made by the governments and international agencies to incorporate ICT policies into themainstream development policies. Despite the efforts, around one billion people in developing world haveyet to be connected using ICT. The situation has led to 'digital divide' at global, regional and national levels.ICT have reciprocal relationship with <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> (HRD) and governance. On one hand,ICT is used in the domains of administration and politics as a source of empowerment for the people andengine of e-governance. On the other hand, governments and individuals play significant role in promotingICT. The use of ICT in HRD and governance processes has mostly been emphasized keeping in view ICTapplications and solutions to streamlining government's operations, reducing transactional costs, andincreasing transparency and accountability in public and private institutions.In <strong>SAARC</strong> Member States, education is linked to whole batch of human development indicators. Forinstance, effect of education can be seen on health, family size, mortality rates, individual's earnings andwomen empowerment. There are, however, many obstacles to timely delivering education to the largepopulation which include lack of trained and qualified teachers, buildings, books and instructional material,and handful resources to meet these challenges. Employers also prefer to train their staff through efficient andflexible modes of training without bearing the cost of taking away the people from their jobs. In this scenario,use of ICT is encouraged to deliver education and training. Many schools, universities and organizations arealready using ICT to reduce the cost of developing human capital and improve the efficiency ofadministration.The concept of e-governance or online governance has taken shape since the end of the millennium. Severale-governance projects have been initiated, especially in India, to minimize the processing cost, ensuretransparency and accountability, and improve the reach of the facility to a common man. State Wide AreaNetworks (SWAN) has also taken off to facilitate electronic access of the citizens, particularly those living inthe villages, to the state and district administration services. These initiatives have changed the dynamics ofboth political and administrative systems. Resultantly, demand for responsible and effective governance hasbecome order of the day. The demonstration of ICT power in the rural setting of India can be taken asreference models for future e-governance projects implementations in other <strong>SAARC</strong> Member States.In terms of decision making hierarchy for ICT, this is not new for the governments in the region. There arenational agencies serving as ICT decision making bodies such as: Ministry of Communication & InformationTechnology in Afghanistan; Ministry of Communications and IT in India; High Level Commission for ICT inNepal; and National ICT R &D Fund in Pakistan. Existence of agencies in charge of ICT reflects realizationof the need among the Member states but the effectiveness of current arrangements has yet to be ensured.There is also a need to develop an ICT governance framework at regional, national and local levels so that ICTcan be used even more productively for promoting HRD and good governance.The workshop titled “Role of ICT in Promoting <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> (HRD) and GoodGovernance” was organized in India by <strong>SAARC</strong> <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> (SHRDC)Islamabad, Pakistan in collaboration with the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong><strong>Development</strong>, New Delhi, India.1
IntroductionObjectivesThe main objective of the workshop was to explore the current situation of ICT with respect to HRD andgovernance and develop strategies to improve the situation in future.The workshop provided a platform for the participants to: i) discuss country specific information andstatistics on ICT during country report presentations; ii) discuss the best practices on using ICT for HRD andgovernance regionally and worldwide; iii) identify the areas where ICT can play effective roles in promotingHRD and governance in the region; iv) analyze the effectiveness of ICT initiatives in the region; v) evaluatethe progress made by Member States in applying ICT to address multiple issues of HRD and governance; andvi) suggest modalities for policymakers and other stakeholders to develop ICT for HRD and governance in<strong>SAARC</strong> Member States.MethodologyThe interactive and participatory approach during the workshop encouraged the participants to discussconcepts and share ideas. Experts from <strong>SAARC</strong> Member States made presentations on various aspects of therole of ICT in promoting human resource development and good governance while group work discussiontook the agenda forward. The facilitators explained the themes and highlighted the connections, theories andpractices related to ICT, HRD and governance. Groups prepared their reports and presented their findings andrecommendations in the final session. List of participants is given as Annex-I and workshop program asAnnex-II.2
Inaugural CeremonyInaugural CeremonyThe workshop was inaugurated by Shri Anant Kumar Singh, Joint Secretary, Department of HigherEducation, Ministry of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> (HRD), New Delhi. Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, DirectorSHRDC, Islamabad and Dr. K.N. Jahangir, representative of Indian Council of Social Science Research(ICSSR), New Delhi, were also present on the occasion.Shri A.K. Singh, Director, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of HRD, New Delhi in his openingremarks welcomed the distinguished delegates, dignitaries, resource persons and participants of theworkshop. He stated that during this three days workshop, there would be exchange of views and experienceswith each other and learning from one another's expertise and best practices of different countries of <strong>SAARC</strong>region. He further stated that the role of ICT in promoting human resource development and good governanceis very important in the present day context in which we are witnessing very fast changing technologies. Wemust take full benefit of technologies that are available for making our governance very effective whichultimately benefit the society. <strong>Human</strong> resource is a very important resource and its all-round development isnecessary for a nation's progress.Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, Director, SHRDC gave an overview of the functions of the SHRDC and explained theobjectives of the workshop. She hoped that input by the resource persons, knowledge sharing and informationexchange among the participants would make the workshop worthwhile and productive. She thanked theDepartment of Higher Education, Ministry of HRD, New Delhi for their co-operation in organizing theworkshop.Shri Anant Kumar Singh, Joint Secretary and Chief Guest mentioned at length about the co-operationrequired in all the fields amongst all countries of <strong>SAARC</strong> region so as to fulfill the objectives and aspirationsof the people of <strong>SAARC</strong> countries. He wished the workshop all success and hoped that discussions,3
Inaugural Ceremonydeliberations in the workshop would be meaningful and experiences shared during the workshop would be ofgreat benefit to all of us.The session was ended by vote of thanks by Dr. K.N. Jahangir, representative of ICSSR, New Delhi.4
Working SessionsWorking SessionsFirst Session<strong>Resource</strong> Persons: i) Ms S.M.L. Kumari, Director of Education, Management and Quality AssuranceBranch, Ministry of Education, Isurupaya, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka.ii) Prof. Uma Kanjilal, School of Social sciences, Indira Gandhi National OpenUniversity, New Delhi.iii) Mr. Ahmed Haleem, Center for Continuing Education, MaldivesTopics: i) HRD and good governance in Sri Lankaii) ICT and <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> country report in Indiaiii) ICT and <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong> in MaldivesSummary:Country Report of Sri Lanka was presented by Ms. S.M.L. Kumari. According tothe report presented, ICT Roadmap for Sri Lanka i.e. e-Sri Lanka came in 2002 andNational ICT Policy in 2007. The overall objective of e-Sri Lanka is connecting ICTtowards achieving socio-economic development in the country. The vision of e-SriLanka is expanding ICT to every village, to every citizen and to every business andtransforming the way government thinks and works. The expected outcomes of e-Sri Lanka are more effective, citizen-centered and business-friendly government.During the presentation, e-Sri Lanka program components like InformationInfrastructure, ICT HR capacity building, e-Society and ICT Policy, Leadership andCapacity Building etc. were also discussed. It was informed that the ICT Agency ofSri Lanka (ICTA) was established for providing leadership and facilitatingimplementation of the e-Sri Lanka Roadmap. Chief Information Officers (CIOs),appointed in all major government institutions in Sri Lanka will be the keyimplementers of ICT initiatives in their respective organizations. They are beingempowered through training and participation in all aspects of strategic planning.During presentation, it was told that in Sri Lanka, computing has been taught inseveral universities and almost all universities offer some form of IT education. Selfstudy and on the job training are the preferred types of training provided by theGovernment organization for employees handling ICT related work. Trainings areprovided towards achieving academic and professional qualifications and tradecertifications. 8% of the permanent staff in the Government uses electronic mail forofficial communication. 29% of the Government institutions are on the LankaGovernment Network (LGN) and 10% use other providers. 7% of Governmentorganizations have a separate budget for ICT related activities. GovernmentInformation <strong>Centre</strong>, e-Motoring, e-Foreign Employment, e-Divisional Secretariat,e-Pensions, e-Population (for birth, marriage and death registrations) and onlinesystem in the Department of Immigration and Emigration has been established.More than 90% Government and private organization have their own websites. Keycomponents of ICT policy in education of Sri Lank and challenges ofimplementation were also discussed.Country Report of India was presented by Prof. Uma Kanjilal. According to thereport presented, India's current Population 1.21 billion (17.31% of the world'spopulation) with about 72.2% of the population living in some 638,000 villages and27.8% in about 5,480 towns and urban agglomerations. India's effective literacy ratehas recorded a 9.2 per cent rise to reach 74.04 per cent (males 82.14 per cent and5
Working Sessionsfemales 65.46 per cent). The Total Computer Literate is 87.1 million with 88 millionactive Internet users (6.9% penetration rate) and 10.52 million Broadband users tillOct.2010 constituting 6.0% of the population. She briefly told about the NationalKnowledge Commission and its objective of transforming India into a knowledgesociety. In India a Centrally Sponsored Scheme namely ICT in school has beenlaunched in December 2004, to provide opportunities to secondary stage students todevelop ICT skills and also for ICT aided learning process. Under the schemesupport is provided for procurement of computers and peripherals, educationalsoftware, training of teachers and internet connectivity etc. Presentation alsoprovided information about vocational education and training and skilldevelopment initiatives in India. Steps taken by the Government of India are toexpand capacity and improve quality of higher education by the setting up of 15 newCentral Universities, 14 new Universities based on world-class standards, setting upeight Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), 10 National Institutes of Technology(NIT), 20 Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs), 3 Indian Institutes ofScience Education and Research (IISERs), 7 Indian Institutes of Management(IIMs) and 2 Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPA). The National Mission onEducation through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has beenlaunched to leverage the potential of ICT in the teaching learning process. BroadObjectives of the Mission are a) to use ICT in enhancing teaching and learning, b) toreach hitherto deprived sections and rural / under-developed areas and c) to help inraising the GER in higher education by 5% in the current Five Year Plan. SalientFeatures of the Scheme are a) Developing e-content for all Diploma, Undergraduateand Postgraduate courses, b) providing connectivity across the country to alluniversities and all colleges [32000 approximately] and c) encouragingdevelopment of low cost access-cum-computing devices to facilitate participationof masses in e-learning. Presentation briefly informed about the e-governanceinitiative like SWAN (State Wide Area Network) also.Country report of Maldives was presented by Mr. Ahmed Haleem. According to thereport presented, about 50% of the schools in Maldives have computer labs. Most ofthe schools in Maldives have some form of internet connection and 50% havebroadband connection. One of the secondary schools in Maldives has beendeveloped as a digital school. Integration of ICT into the new curriculum is inprogress. There is one Teacher <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> (TRC) in each of the 20 atolls inMaldives. These centers are fully equipped with ICT facilities. TRC's providetraining in the area of ICT and professional development to the teachers of theschools of that particular atoll. TRC's conduct workshops and seminars to upgradethe level of skills and knowledge of the teachers. TRC's provide related materialsand other facilities to schools (e.g. Audio Visual CDs). Each TRC is equipped with aSMART interactive Board. Challenges being faced in Maldives are lack ofadequate number of staff in the field of ICT, lack of computer programmers in thecountry for open source software development, low income/salary for people in ICTfield, issues regarding copyright, lack of awareness among the teachers on how touse ICT in teaching and learning etc. Regarding IT Education in Maldives a virtuallearning environment has been established using Moodle. It was also told that NIITproject, a grant aid project of the Government of India, aims towards improving thequality of Maldivian teachers through ICT and promoting ICT adoption andvocational education amongst youth.6
Working SessionsSecond Session<strong>Resource</strong> Persons: i) Ms. Shama Mqbool, Program Officer, International Labors Organisation (ILO),Pakistan.ii) Shri Baikuntha Aryal, Joint Secretary, Economic Affairs and Policy AnalysisDivision, Ministry of Finance, Government of Nepal.Topics: i) Sharing Best Practices, Role of ICT in Promoting HRD and Good Governanceii) Report on ICT for Governance in NepalSummary:According to the Country Report presented by Ms. Shama Mqbool, Vision ofPakistan for 2015 is ICT for All which includes education, health, good governance,economic opportunities, jobs, knowledge and many more. Challenges being facedin the country are fast growth of population and weak infrastructure fordevelopment especially in rural areas. Internet is available in rural areas but nocontents and web applications are available especially in Urdu. Road map of the ICTfor All Users 2015 includes e-village project. Aims and objectives of the project are(a) minimizing digital divide, (b) empowerment of local communities, (c)establishing of a e-community centre in every village having pool resource, (d) e-shikayat, (e) e-mushara, and (f) using internet and telecom to provide daily lifeservices in the villages. In the presentation about National Database & RegistrationAuthority (NARDA) which gained international recognition for providingsolutions for identification, e-governance and secure documents that delivers multiprongedgoals of mitigating identify theft, safe guarding the interests of clients andfacilitating the public was also discussed. In the last, presentation on NRSP –Institute of Rural Management (IRM) was also made.Country Report on ICT for Governance in Nepal was presented by Mr. VaikunthaAryal. According to the report presented, the UN definition of ICT is “theemployment of the internet and the world-wide for delivering governmentinformation and services to the citizens”. He further told that e-governance could be(i) Government to Citizen (G to C) like citizenship/passport application andapproval, payment, registration for licenses, e-education, telemedicine, publicinformation services (ii) Government to Business (G to B) like tax payments andreturn, e-bidding, e-procurement, information services (iii) Government toGovernment (G to G) like Internal information, document tracking, interaction. Inglobal map, Nepal is at 150th in E-government Readiness Index (out of 192countries) – ahead of Afghanistan in the <strong>SAARC</strong> region. In Nepalese context e-governance started with computer use for census data processing in 1971 whenmainframe computers for processing SLC results was used. National Computer<strong>Centre</strong> was established in 1974. Beginning of e-mail in the country happened in1992. First ISP in Nepal came in year 1995 in private sector and year 2000 in publicsector. Websites of Government organizations of the country started in late 90s. E-governance Master Plan in Nepal was approved in 2005 and ICT <strong>Development</strong>Project started in 2008. During presentation, why ICT is required in Nepal, e-governance status, challenges faced in Nepal were also discussed. Presentationended with conclusion that ICT is a tool to achieve the target in an efficient way. It isnot a goal, it is only a means.7
Working SessionsThird Session<strong>Resource</strong> Persons: i) Prof. Kannan Moudgalya, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Indiaii) Prof. Karmeshu, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, IndiaTopics: i) Possible Roles of ICT in Promoting HRD and Governance in the <strong>SAARC</strong>Regionii) Diffusion of ICT in Critical Mass in the <strong>SAARC</strong> RegionSummary:Prof. Kannan Moudgelya discussed the Spoken Tutorial for HRD in the SARCregion. He said that Spoken Tutorial is an instrument methodology based on IT. It isavailable in local language free of cost. It will help in bridging the digital divide andmake our country IT literate and children employable. He further told that SpokenTutorial is a record of video tutorial of ten minutes duration and is suitable for selflearning.Steps in creating Spoken Tutorial and dubbing were also discussed. Hefurther told that Spoken Tutorials are available for workshops in LATEX, Scilab,Linux/Vbunty, ORCA, PHP/My SQL, Python Libra Office, etc. and SpokenTutorials can also be used to explain to buy train tickets online, to locate low costagricultural loans, to locate information on primary health care, to obtaininformation on first aid etc. He concluded that Spoken Tutorial is an inexpensivetechnology and can be created in all languages and is useful for self-learning. Selfstudyworkshops on Spoken Tutorial have a good potential to reduce the digitaldivide and can make our children employable.Presentation on' Diffusion of ICT and Critical Mass in the <strong>SAARC</strong> Region'described ICT a combination of information technologies with other relatedtechnologies. Especially communication technology plays a pivotal role in effectiveknowledge dissemination and implementation and in turn leads to sustainability andprogress. The UNDP <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Development</strong> Index (HDI) has an impact on ICTdiffusion. The diffusion process enhances the rate and effectiveness. In hispresentation, he told about the five phases in the adoption process i.e. knowledgephase, persuasion phase, decision phase, implementation and confirming phase. Hetalked of innovation diffusion process, bass model, hysteresis effect, visualhysteresis and its effect etc. Diffusion of ICT and critical mass was also discussed.He further told that ICT is a complex set of technologies which is very useful as asupplementary effort for teaching aid both in synchronous asynchronous mode.Education policy should be designed in a way to promote multi-dimensionalpersonality in which ICT can play a pivotal role.Fourth Session<strong>Resource</strong> Person: i) Shri Ajay Sawhney,CEO, National e-Governance Division, Department ofInformation Technology, Government of India, New Delhi.ii) Prof. Mangala Sunder K., Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.iii) Prof. Uma Kanjilal, School of Social Sciences, Indira Gandhi National OpenUniversity, Indiaiv) Ms. Mahira Afzal, PakistanTopics: i) Building Capacities within Governments to Promote e-Governanceii) Ways to Address Digital Barriers Causing Digital Divide in <strong>SAARC</strong> Region8
Working Sessionsiii) Use of ICT for Improving Education and Governanceiv) Effective Communication for Sustainable Social <strong>Development</strong>Summary:Shri Ajay Sawhney discussed the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) vision ofIndia. He stated that it is to make all government services accessible to the commonman in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency,transparency and reliability of such services at affordable cost. In the NeGP servicedelivery strategy, it was told that a common digital service delivery infrastructureconsisting of State Wide Area Network (SWAN), State Data <strong>Centre</strong> (SDC),National/State Service Delivery Gateway (NSDG), (SSDG), State Portal andCommon Services <strong>Centre</strong> (CSC) is being created in every state and Union Territoryto ensure seamless and single window delivery of public service to the masses. Tobring the benefit of ICT at the last mile and ensure transparent, timely and hassle freedelivery of citizen service, Government of India has approved NeGP comprising of27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs). Status of various MMPs was also discussedduring the presentation. He discussed the case study of Gujarat State in training andcapacity building to adopt and utilize e-governance. It was told that India's e-governance approach is that e-government is not about technology but is concernedwith the transformation of people and processes, adoption of the best managementprinciples and establishing appropriate partnership to ensure sustainability and costeffectiveness. Department of IT, Government of India has taken responsibility ofintroducing e-governance across the departments and the country in a phasedmanner as a part of NeGP. Given the diversity of the country with respect to its e-readiness and experience in implementing projects of such nature, there aresignificant differences in capacities of States/UTs, to undertake such initiatives. It isin this background that Department of IT, Government of India has adoptedstrategies that involve capacity building to achieve goals of NeGPProf. Mangal Sunder K. in his presentation discussed the ways to address digitalbarriers causing digital divide in the <strong>SAARC</strong> region and Indian Experience inHigher Education Sector. He stated several issues in bridging the gap betweendigital divides and removing barriers that include: i) building educational networksreflecting the strength of each country and complementing that of the others andsharing academic resources; ii) sharing good network practices and establishing9
Working Sessionshigh speed connectivity throughout the country – internet has become the'electricity' for communication; iii) enabling users to participate and discuss throughthe digital medium independently of geography; and iv) building a strong andtrained intermediate educators or 'mentors' who would bridge (moderate between)the digital illiterates with the digital experts – human technical resource. Whilediscussing Indian proposal and experience in bridging the digital divide he talked ofSatellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) and National Satellite forEducation (EduSAT) and Tutored Video Program of IIT Kharagpur based onStanford University Video Based Distance Education – the ELNET-3L Program,National Program on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) jointly by the IITsand IISc Bangalore since 2003. A summary of the NPTEL and National Mission onEducation through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT) werealso presented.Prof. Uma Kanjilal in her presentation gave an overview of ICT applications in theIndira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). She intimated that IGNOU hasbeen harnessing technologies to pace with revolutionize of learning behaviors andlearning styles that have undergone a huge transformation and it continues. Everyyear, the technology brings in new dimensions in learning environment and beingthe largest in distance education the world, IGNOU, within its mission of seamlessquality education, needs to cope-up with the changes without diluting its existinglearning support. She discussed the ICT initiative at e-Gyankosh – a NationalDigital Repository, e-learning platform – virtual class, web facility for GyanDarshan I and II and Gyan Vani, Flexi Learn and Sakshat – one stop portal. She alsoinformed that IGNOU, initiated e-Gyankosh in October 2005 with a mandate tostore, index, preserve, distribute and share the digital learning process. It waslaunched for public on June 9, 2008 and has emerged as one of the world's largesteducational resource repositories. Over 95% of the self-institutional print materialof the university have already been digitized and uploaded. About 1600 videoprograms are available on YouTube with the metadata link in the repository. She alsogave an overview of virtual class rooms of IGNOU and features of its onlineprograms. IGNOU's move towards flexible learning environment was alsodiscussed. In the last of her presentation, she discussed about Sakshat, a one stopeducation portal and NMEICT mission of Government of India.10
Working SessionsMs. Mahira Afzal discussed about effective communication for sustainable socialdevelopment. She stated that development communication is a process that buildconsensus and facilitates the sharing of knowledge to achieve positive changes indevelopment initiatives. It is not only about effective dissemination of informationbut about using empirical research, two-ways communication and dialogue amongstakeholders. It is also a key management tool that helps assess socio-political risksand opportunities. By using communication to bridge differences and take actiontowards change, development communication can lead to successful and moresustainable results. Communication for development (Com Dev) is a social processbased on dialogue using a broad range of tools and methods. For people working toimprove agricultural productivity, food security and rural livelihoods, knowledgeinformation are very vital to effectively respond to the opportunities and challengesof social, economic and technological changes. To be useful, knowledge must beeffectively shared amongst people and institutions. Communication fordevelopment (Com Dev) is, therefore, a critical component of any developmentinitiative. The rural community is suffering from multi-dimensional problemsmainly due to unavailability of information and lack of communication, includingpoverty, low income, low literacy rates, lack of knowledge to sell their products,agricultural information, lack of healthcare, lack of information and communitydevelopment. She further discussed about digital divide, rural divide and genderdivides. Various components of communication strategy, media and tools in a ComDev process, the development process, the emerging communication paradigm suchas dialogue, participation, two-way model and process-based rather than productfocusedwere also discussed.Power Point presentation by the resource persons are given as Annex-III.Recommendations of Working GroupsParticipants were divided into three groups and were assigned specific topics in order to discuss the existingsituation in South Asia, thereby, sharing best practices and formulating recommendations to improve the roleof ICT in promoting HRD and Good Governance. Some of the specific recommendations are:Group I:Policy Framework for the Promotion of ICT for HRD and Good GovernanceICT has to leverage with the growth and development of the country.Broad based government policies to promote access and benefits of ICT by all.Well defined plan allocation for promotion of ICT in the Budgets of the respectivegovernments.Enable a policy on a fast and all comprehensive infrastructure for connectivity and otherprocesses for the sustainable growth and development of ICT.Enable the environment and direct support to PPP in promotion and development oftechnology and tools of ICT.Policy for harnessing HR potential by enabling an environment, diffusion and use of ICT.Encourage and fund R&D in improving and strengthening ICT in literacy, empowerment,and education.Traditional knowledge, government records, need to be digitizedAutomation and web enabling government processes.11
Working SessionsGroup II: Enlarging Education Facilities through ICTCommon Learning <strong>Centre</strong> at village and community level, self managed and in PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP) mode.The CLC model also becomes a means of livelihood.Solar powered kits, to be deployed by and within community.Enabling environment for virtual classroom, policies for adoption of Creative Commons.ICT setup for recording the live lectures delivered by faculty, and simultaneously webcast orthrough YouTube, etc.Provide low cost computing devices to students in remote areas, can be promoted as'purposeful incentives'.Activity based interactive e-learning material.Skill based e-learning material to promote vocational courses.Content to be enabled for low bandwidth access.Audio visual aids.Deployment on mobiles as 'apps'.Interactivity through social networking sites like Face book, blogs, etc.Community driven 'Training of Trainers' (TOT) program.Utilization of community FM radio – ICT literacy programs in local language.Mass media campaigns and awareness generation of existing ICT based channels.Government schemes and policies, related to ICT and E-Governance, to be widelyadvertised through all media;Webcasting of educational channels, accessible by all;Make replicable in all <strong>SAARC</strong> member states;Enable transfer of knowledge/ experiences/ resources/technology amongst professionals inthe <strong>SAARC</strong> region.Peer learning and sharing amongst students in the region through ICT.Teachers' Exchange Programs for various freeware Learning Management Systemprograms.Group III:ICT Challenge and Constraints: Plan of Action for Promoting ICT in the <strong>SAARC</strong>regionThere is a need to implement a pilot project on ICT education to implement in all <strong>SAARC</strong>nations so that all the fellow nations can analyze similar and dissimilar conditions/situations at grassroots levels.This will help in evolving an actual overview of prevailing situations and betterimplementation techniques at grassroots levels.There is a need to evolve a <strong>SAARC</strong> ICT based Network involving a team of professionalsincluding ICT and others.Simple technology at incremental levels needs to be implemented.12
Concluding CeremonyConcluding CeremonyThe concluding ceremony was held on September 30, 2011. Shri Vikram Sahay, Director (EE), Ministry ofHRD graced the occasion as the Chief Guest.Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, Director, SHRDC extended vote of thanks to all the dignitaries, delegates, resourcepersons and participants for their support and involvement in the workshop. She praised Department ofHigher Education, Ministry of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>, New Delhi for making all excellentarrangements for the workshop. She hoped that participants would use the knowledge and informationdeveloped during the workshop in their respective countries.Shri Vikram Sahay, in his concluding remarks, said that in a rapidly changing world of global marketcompetition, automation, and increasing democratization, basic education is necessary for an individual tohave the capacity and capability to access and apply information. Such ability and capability must findbearing in information and communication technology. The ability to access and effectively utilizeinformation is no longer a luxury but has become a necessity for development. He added that ICT also plays acritical role in speeding up the flow of information and knowledge between government and citizens andtransforming the way in which governments and citizens interact.He empathized that the <strong>SAARC</strong> Member States should embrace ICT to overcome the digital divide andprepare their citizens to cope with the new environment of today and the future. He also urged theGovernments of the region to make huge investments in ICT in order to improve governance processes intheir respective countries. He wished all the resource persons and participants safe back home and goodmemories about India.Thereafter, Shri Vikram Sahay awarded the certificates to the workshop participants. CD-ROMs containingworkshop materials and photo images of the workshop activities were distributed to all the participants.13
List of ParticipantsList of ParticipantsAnnex-I14
List of Participants15
List of Participants16
Working ProgramWorking ProgramAnnex-II17
Working Program18
Power PointPresentations by<strong>Resource</strong> PersonsAnnex-III
Power Point PresentationsSpoken Tutorials for HRD in<strong>SAARC</strong> RegionSpoken TutorialsIt is an instructional methodologyBased on ITAvailable also in local languagesKannan M. MoudgalyaIIT Bombaykannan@iitb.ac.inAvailable free of cost - thanks to MHRD fundingWill help bridge digital divideMake our country IT literateMake our children employableWhat is a Spoken Tutorial?It is a recording of a computer session, along with arunning commentaryIt is an audio-video tutorialIt is typically ten minutes longSuitable for self learningSteps in creating spoken tutorialsOutline for a software by an expertScript for a tutorial by an expertNovice checkRecordingVerification and acceptanceTranslation of spoken part into other LanguagesDubbing the voiceDubbingDub only audioVideo remains the sameIf original spoken tutorial is made properly, dubbing is easyCase Study in Dubbing: PHP AcademyMore than 100 spoken tutorials available from PHPAcademyCreated by 21 year old Briton, AlexClaims to have 2.5 million hitsPHP Academy - Dubbing EffortsAttempted to transcribe through sta from rural areasEven after listening ten times, could not understandA SampleIITs campus children (8th, 9th, 10 grade students) couldeasily transcribeThey are dubbing into Indian EnglishHe has permitted us to use them for no profit purposesTo dub into Indian languages, including Indian English21
Power Point PresentationsIT Jobs through EnglishEnglish is useful for IT jobsProvided by videoMother tongue for learningProvided by spoken partUseful for children weak in English, without affectingemploymentAfter listening to tutorial in mother tongue, go throughtutorial in English also:can possibly improve EnglishHelpful to school students studying in Marathi medium,for exampleSize of spoken tutorialsSmall le size: about 1MB per minute I In a CD costing Rs.8, can pack 700minutes of recording!Ordinary desktop/laptop computerHead phone for listening (Rs. 20)Listen to a command, pauseTry the command on the softwareIf it works, go to next commandIf not, rewind, listen to itRepeat until tutorial is completedSpoken Tutorial Based WorkshopsSpoken tutorials are created for self learningWorkshops can be conducted without domain expertsWe provide moral support to workshop organizers through SkypeCan support many workshops in parallelThe learning outcome is well definedQuality maintained, with no dilutionDifferent from the conventional train the trainer programme, wherethe quality usually decreasesCDs/Downloads from websiteChecklist to get workshop readyWorking of PC, head phones, required software, etc.Instructions for conductors (not domain experts) of the workshopPrecise instructions for the learnersORCA - the Screen ReaderORCA reads out aloud what is on computer screenUsed by Visually Impaired (VI) to access computerORCA is FOSSRuns on GNU/LinuxMachine voice, human explanation, repeated<strong>Human</strong> voice is dubbed into other languagesWe have created 12 spoken tutorials on ORCATo teach desktop, open oce, spreadsheet, sending mails and Internet searchCan go through all the tutorials in 3 hoursWorking with IGNOU to start a certification programmeTie ups for employment:Call <strong>Centre</strong>sIT jobsBihar Electronics Corporations RTI projectmedical transcriptionInternet radio, etc.1. ORCA Spoken Tutorials for WorkshopsWe recently conducted a workshop for VI at IGNOU,DelhiAll students learnt ORCA at their own speed - each hada head phoneThey did not complete all the tutorials - they wouldcomplete by themselves at home - created for selflearningWorkshop can be conducted by people who are not VIand who are not experts on ORCA2. Helping Assam Government withGNU/LinuxAssam Government gave 20000 free laptops to its topschool studentsSaved OS cost by switching over to UbuntuNeed to provide Ubuntu instructional MaterialSpoken tutorials in Assamese and Bodo will be usefulBenet of a populous country to low population grouplike Bodos22
Power Point Presentations3. PHP/MySQLUseful to design web pagesMany MCA students do not get jobsReason: they do not know programmingBut shortage of good programmersI would like to have a web programmer of my own, if I can nd oneThe need is hugeCan we bridge this gap?About 60 spoken tutorials on PHP/ MySQL are readyCut a CD and send it the Head of MCA in every collegeEncourage them to copy and to useTell them that if students knowPHP/MySQL programming, chances of getting a job are higherMake it available on Internet for freeCut a CD and mail itCost per CD=Rs. 50Cost of a blank CD = Rs. 8opying charges = Rs. 5Mailing charges = Rs. 30Handling charges = Rs. 7Assume 2,000 MCA collegesTotal cost = Rs. 1 lakh4. Electiveness StudyLinux workshop at Alwar, RajasthanPre-workshop and post-workshop testsAverage marks went up by 85%Everyone passed the second testCertificates issued to everyone!To Bridge Digital DivideSpoken tutorials can also be used to explainHow to buy train tickets through http : / / irctc . co . InHow to locate low cost agricultural loansHow to locate information on primary health careHow to obtain information on rst aidHow to do web search to locate the shop that sells TVsat the lowest priceThis list is endlessCan be used to bridge digital divideCollaboration within IndiaStrength of a large countryHelp even minority language groupsCollaboration in the <strong>SAARC</strong> regionHRD is the key to overcome our DifferencesUS-Canada story as an exampleSpoken Tutorial is a part of the Talk to a Teacher projectSupported by the National Mission on Education throughICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of IndiaConclusionSpoken Tutorial is an inexpensive TechnologyCan create in all our languagesUseful for self learningSELF Study Workshops have a good PotentialHas the potential to reduce digital divideMake our children employableHas potential to make us a developed country23
Power Point PresentationsWhat is ICT?Diffusion of ICT and Critical Mass in<strong>SAARC</strong> RegionProfessor KarmeshuSchool of Computer & System SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhikarmeshu@gmail.comICT: Combination of information technologies with other relatedtechnologies, specifically communication technology.(National Curriculum documents for the UK,2000)Convergence of Information processing and communication system.ICT plays a pivotal role in effective knowledge dissemination andimplementation.This in turn leads to sustainability and progress.The Diffusion Process• Long tradition of research in innovation diffusion.• Similarities concerning innovation adoption.• Characteristics that enhance the rate and the effectiveness( E. Rogers)1. Relative advantage, 2. Compatibility, 3. Complexity, 4. Trial ability,5. Observability.Five Phases in the adoption process (E. Rogers)• Knowledge Phase• Persuasion Phase• Decision Phase• Implementation• ConfirmationInnovation Diffusion (ID)process• The innovation(Information about the innovation)• Social system where the innovation is introduced• ID consists of adoption through communication channels,mass media and inter-personal communication (word-ofmouth)• Time• Differential Equation for adoption rate-Bass Modeld n ( t ) n ( t ) [ M n ( t )]d t M M -Ceiling (total potential adopters), n Non cumulative adopters,and parametersInnovation Diffusion• ID has been studied across wide ranging disciplines to explainthe dissemination of new ideas, rumors, news, practices andnew products throughout a social system.S-shaped curvenon cumulative adopters .=0.020,ß=0.300.1. life cycle curve2. adoptions due to WOM mechanism,3. adoptions due to mass media.Innovation Diffusion with Loss of InterestThe Generalized model (Bartholomew JMS (1976))N Size of the Homogeneously mixing population Transmission intensity of the source Propagation intensity through interpersonalcontact1 Mean duration of time for which a spreaderremains activeDeterministic AnalysisWe have dnn( t) { ( N n) ( N n)}ndtN (Linear) (Nonlinear ) (Linear)24
Power Point PresentationsBass Model0 (Absence of loss of interest)dn ( n)( N n ), n( t 0) n0dtConsider A measure of the relative strength of the source and an individual*THRESHOLD (CRITICAL) PHENOMENON 0 (Absence of Mass Media) Nd Mean number of contacts a spreader makes during his active periodnt ()Define =N, () t tN•Threshold Phenomenon<strong>Here</strong>0(0) is the case of No mass mediatting processd 1 2()1 t dt dWehave0, d
Power Point PresentationsICT- A complex set of technologiesInternet Adoption can mean many things e.g.• Use the browser for looking at different content• Create html pages and configure its own web server.• Mobile phone users– Making calls– Sending SMS– Take advantage of full range of applications (personal organizer. E-mail, voice,video mails, banking, etc)• ICT is very useful as a supplementary effort– as a teaching aid both in synchronous and asynchronous modes.• Education policy should be designed in a way to promote multidimensionalpersonality in which ICT can play a pivotal role.Modelling diffusion of a Personalized Learning framework(Karmeshu, Raghu Raman and Prema, 2011)Generalized Diffusion Model for Personalized Learning:The differential equation giving the diffusion is described as:dNt()dt ( N( t))( M N ( t)), (1)where N(t) is the cumulative number of adopter-teacher at time, M iscarryingcapacity, a is the coefficient of innovation (mass media), and ß is thecoefficientof imitation (interactive).In terms of the fraction of potential adopter-teacher,Ft( ) Nt ()M(2 )Bass Model Can be rewritten asdNt()dt( F( t))(1 F ( t), F(t=0)=F 0 (3)where M . If Nt (0)0, the solution of eq. (1) gives evolution ofadopter-teacher as: ( ) t1 eN ( t) M (4)q ( ) t1 e p The diffusion of Personalized Learning framework is governed by:dN ( N( t)) ( M( t) N ( t)),dtdM f m N t N M t mdt( ), ( 0) 0, ( 0) 0 (5)• Stratified growth rate model:Population of Adopter-teachers will be segmented accordingto the effort required to train teachers. The segmentation canbe organized on the basis of various factors e.g. logistics,efficiency, prior related knowledge etc. Based on thesegmentation criteria, we partition the total population ofpotential adopter-teachers into k groups such thatM 1 M 2 ... M k MThe dynamic system of innovation diffusion into groups canbe described asdN 1dt...( 1 1N 1) ( M N1)1dNk ( k kNk) ( Mk N k), Ni( t 0) ni(0), i 1, 2,.., kdtKnowledge Economy• Innovations (Relevant)- Technological/ Scientificbreak through.• How to promote innovation thinking?Innovation:An outcome of creativity and knowledge .(Entails risk, one does not take risk & Fear of failure)Fig 1: Dormant StateProbability is proportional to exp[ - Height /kT ]Fig 2: Fluctuation can drive the system to a higher statewhere T is Creative Social Temperature (To energize the system )26
Power Point PresentationsBuilding Capacityto implement theNational eGovernance PlanAjay SawhneyPresident & CEONational eGovernance DivisionIndiaNeGP Vision“Make all Government services accessibleto the common man in his locality,through common service delivery outletsand ensure efficiency, transparency &reliability of such servicesat affordable coststo realise the basic needsof the common man”Status of Mission Mode Projects (MMPs)CENTRAL - 9Banking (3)Insurance (6)Income Tax (18)Central Excise (16)MCA 21 (100+)Pensions (11)Passport * (17)e-Office (Pilot) (4)Immigration/Visa*(37)National ID / UID (1)PostsINTEGRATED - 7India Portal (1)NSDG (6)CSCe-Courts (11)EDI (4)e-Biz (29)e-Procurement (7)STATE - 11Land Records (16)Transport (18)e-District (10)Commercial Taxes(23)NLRMPTreasuries (13)Municipalities (14)Police – CCTNS (26)Agriculture (12)Gram Panchayats (12Employment Exch.(6)Education/Health/PDSTotal No. of Service Categories Planned: 370*Initially taken Gone Live Industry Under Implementation Design & <strong>Development</strong>jointlyNumber of Service Categories have been indicated within bracketsPillars of e-GovernanceCapacity BuildingPEOPLETECHNOLOGYIntegral Component of NeGP– Strengthening Institutional Framework– Building Capacity within the Government– Extensive BPR and Change ManagementCapacity Building Scheme approved by GOI in 2008– Envisions setting up of State e-Mission Teams ( SeMTs)– Providing technical and professional support– Developing specialized skills for e-governanceamong all stakeholders from State Level Policy andDecision Makers to Panchayat (Village level)27
Power Point PresentationsInstitutional FrameworkInstitutional FrameworkState GovernmentState State eGovGovernmentCouncil (CM)State eGov Council (CM)State Apex Committee (CS)State Apex Committee (CS)State DIT DITDITDepartmentalDepartmentalDepartmentalCommitteeCommitteeSeMTSeMTProgrammeManagementPeMTDeMT PeMTPeMTProjectManagementOur ApproachTarget AudienceChange Management Practices• Sensitizing Leadership• Training of all stakeholders• Change ManagementStudy of Best Practices• National and International Study ToursKnowledge Management• Knowledge Repository and CollaborationFramework? Political & Policy level? Program level? Project level? Project &Operational levelPoliticalPolicyApex LevelState DIT / NodalAgencySeMTPeMTState Department officials? e-Governance LeadershipMeets? CIO programme? Study Tours? SpecializedTraining in e-GovernanceOvercoming ImplementationChallengesTraining & Capacity BuildingChallengeComputer LiteracyHigher Age Group – Reluctanceto Change from Paper to PCChanging MindsetInfrastructure (SWAN, PCs, LAN,Production Environment)The Way Forward• Training on Basic Computer Skills (Use ofcomputer and Typing)• Train the Trainer Concept, built in -house ITsavvy employees• Refresher Training every 6-12 months• Hand-holding• Encourage Young staff• Demonstrate how it benefits• Share the benefits e.g. Report Generation,Reduction in duplication of work, Easy to findrecords, etc.• Motivation by recognition• Procurement of PCs at the start of the projectrather than waiting for UAT/Go-Live• Setting up of a LAN within the Office• Availability of SWAN to each Office withrequired bandwidthContinuous Training ProgrammesGujarati Data Entry for INDICBasic ComputerTraining on GSWANIWDMS Application TrainingDocument ScanningIFMS Application TrainingPromotion linked to CCC & CCC+ Trainings160+ Training sessions conducted12 Week Program to increase usage of IWDMSAll departments provided training 5 times in batch and on personal basisAdditional training for specific applications MP/MLA Reference, BudgetIWDMS <strong>Centre</strong> of Excellence ( CoE) setup28
Power Point PresentationsBest PracticesOfficer’s performance linked with the usage ofapplicationPromotion linked to trainingApplication Usage statistics shared and monitoredat Secretary / Chief Secretary levelPhased Approach to go -livePost Go-Live handholding supportCitizen’s View of eGovernment• Services designed from the citizen’s point of view• Convenient single window services• Choice of multiple competing channels for access &delivery• Integrated help desk/call centre for all services• Increasingly integrated and seamless servicesA citizen’s right to convenience and comfort!India’s e-Governance approachNeGP Implementation Strategy• e-Government is not about technology but is concerned with the transformation ofpeople and processes, adoption of the best management principles andestablishing appropriate partnerships to ensure sustainability and costeffectiveness .• Department of IT (DIT), Government of India has taken up the responsibility ofintroducing e-Governance across departments and across the country, in a phasedmanner as part of the National e-Governance Plan.• Given the diversity of the country with respect to its e-readiness and experience inimplementing projects of such nature in the country, there are significantdifferences in capacities of the States/UTs to undertake such initiatives .• It is in this background that DIT has adopted strategies that involve CapacityBuilding to achieve the goals of NeGPBy IT DeptBy EachDepartment• Common Infrastructure (SWAN, SDC, CSCs, StatePortal & State Service Delivery Gateway)• State eMission Team to help Departments in developingbackend projects• Requisite Capacity Building support• Identify services & define service levels• Set-up Project eMission Team with help of SeMT• Simplify and re-engineer processes• Provide access to services through CSCs, etc.• Explore integration of services with other Depts.Core Infrastructure & Shared Front-endCore Secure Infrastructure– State Wide Area Network– State Data <strong>Centre</strong>– State Service Delivery GatewayShared front-end service access providers– Common Service <strong>Centre</strong>s (through SCAs)– State Portal (with eForms)Knitting Them TogetherSecure plug-n-play infrastructure as a service(IaaS: Computing, Network and Storage)Platform as a Service (PaaS)S/w <strong>Development</strong> as a Service (SDaaS)Software as a Service (SaaS)Process Management as a Service (PMaaS)Menu of wide-ranging managed servicespreferably through a simplified single -window29
Power Point PresentationsEnablers & Force MultipliersKey policies and programmesStandards and InteroperabilityShared databases– UID, BPL, Land Records & GIS, Education and HealthPayment gateway, Mobile gateway, DematDocument Depository, Language ServicesShared generic services– eDistrict, eProcurement, workflow for files & servicesChief Information OfficersFocus on ServicesServices, services, servicesService coverage/availabilityService offtakeService quality and user satisfactionProjects as vehicles for services to happenServices to be published on NSD, attached to StateService Delivery Gateway and available onlineUse PPP models to buy services with SLAs, rather thantechnology or equipmenteSevaMultiple services (>80) offered at each counter<strong>Centre</strong>s operational in Hyderabad & all municipal townsUtility / Tax Payments– Electricity, Water, Property Tax, Telephone bills…– Sales tax returns, sales tax payment, traffic finesCertificates– Requests for Birth / Death Certificates …Passport and Licenses– Filing applications for passports– Municipal trade licenses …Bus tickets, travel bookings– Money Transfer, Investment services~ 1,40,000 transactions per dayE-Payments on internet (www.esevaonline.com)Other Success StoriesBhoomi & Bangalore One in KarnatakaSarita in MaharashtraeProcurement, ePass (scholarships) in APe-Treasury of MP & KarnatakaBroadband Network in GoaAarogyasri (AP); Emergency (108) services (many)Municipal services in several major citiesCommon Service <strong>Centre</strong>s in many statesMCA21, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, GOIPassport Seva, MEA, GOI (being implemented)Use of mobile platform (NREGA & GHMC in AP)Electronic Delivery of Services Bill• Mandatory e-Delivery of all public services within five years• Within 180 days, all Departments shall identify services to bee-enabled• To publish thereafter :• Cut off date for e-Delivery of each service• Manner of delivery and Service Levels• Provision for Assisted Access• Central & State Level Commissions to monitor implementation• Can issue directions• Can levy penalties on defaulting officialsSeMT Roles as envisioned in theCapacity Building SchemeSupport Program Steering Council Apex Committee at StateFunction as the secretariat and full time internal advisory body inundertaking e-Governance projectsUndertake groundwork for providing overall direction, standardisationand consistency through program management of e-Governanceinitiatives in the StateAll interdependencies, overlaps, conflicts, standards, overarchingarchitecture, security, legal aspects, etc. across projects as well as coreand support infrastructure shared across several projects would fallunder the purview of this groupDealing with issues that cut across projects such as overall policies,strategies, technologies, common infrastructure.30
Power Point PresentationsWays to Address Digital Barriers CausingDigital Divide in <strong>SAARC</strong> Region:Indian Experience in Higher EducationSectorSep 29, 2011Professor Mangala Sunder KrishnanDepartment of ChemistrylIT Madras andNational Web Courses Coordinator, NPTEL ProjectMinistry of HRD, Govt. of IndiaSeveral Issues in bridging the gap betweendigital divides and removing barriersBuilding educational networks reflecting the strength of eachcountry and complementing that of the others and sharingacademic resourcesSharing good network practices and establishing high speedconnectivity throughout the country --Internet has becomethe "electricity" for communicationEnabling users to participate and discuss through the digitalmedium independently of geographyBuilding a strong and trained intermediate educators ormentors" who would bridge (moderate between) the digitalilliterates with the digital experts --human technical resourceE-mail: manaakiitm.ac.inmangalasunderk@gmail.com• Indian proposal and experience in bridging the digital divideSITE (Satellite Instructional Television Experiment) 70'sEducational Technology Cells in academic institutionsof repute and distribution (80's and 90's)National Satellite for Education (EDUSAT) and reachingout academic institutions, schools and Government bodiesin many remote locationsMultimedia educational resource centres for videoand broadcast through television (Gyan Darshan) 90'sand the first decade of the new MillenniumIndian experience and outcomes forbridging digital divide• Tutored video programme of lIT Kharagpur based onStanford University video based distance education - theELNET-3L programme• National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning(NPTEL) jointly by the IlTs and llSc Bangalore since 2003• National level certification of computer skills andcomputer course training through several certificationprogrammes by the Ministry of IT. (DOEACC)• National Level certification of training skills through e -learning-- being launched by the National Institute of OpenSchooling (NIOS)Indian experience and outcomes forbridging digital divideNational Programme on Technology EnhancedLearning (NPTEL) jointly by the IlTs and llScBangalore since 2003Distance Engineering Education Programme of lITBombayNational Mission on Education through Information andCommunication Technology--NMEICT--since 2009National Agricultural Innovation Project for creatingdigital content on agricultural University ProgrammesSITE (1975-1976)-- Pre-digital worldJointly experimented with NASA, ISRO and AIR andconducted in a large number of Indian States concurrentlyduring 1975-1976Exploring the potential of satellite for nation-widecommunication through the medium of TV and(b) broadcasting instructional programmes in the field ofagriculture, family planning, education etc.The SITE programme was conducted in 2400 villages in 20districts of Rajasthan, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, AndhraPradesh and Karnataka.31
Power Point PresentationsEducation Technology Cells in AcademicInstitutions in India (1987 onwards)UGC - Consortium for CommunicationEducational• create high (broadcast) quality video studios,record video lectures by eminent Professors anddistribute to second-, third-tier institutions• help bridge the gap between students in differentinstitutions with different levels of shortage ofqualified teachers.DOEACC Certification on ComputerStudies Department of ElectronicsAccreditation forComputer Courses:http://www.doeacc.edu.inCreation and regular up-gradation of curriculum by thecountry's leading academia and IT professionals;Offering these courses through painstakingly screenedaccredited institutes;Regular staff training at the institutes to ensure knowledgeupdates;Centralised examinations at several centres across India toensure seriousness both at the institute's and individual's level.National Institute of Open Schooling(digital contents to be provided soon)Provides a number of Vocational, Life Enrichment andcommunity oriented courses besides General andAcademic Courses at Secondary and Senior Secondarylevel.Offers Elementary level Courses through its Open BasicEducation Programmes (OBE).Government of India through a gazette notification vestedNIOS with the authority to examine and certify learnersregistered with it upto pre degree level coursesA summary of the NPTEL and theNMEICT and a proposal for VirtualThank nk You32
Power Point PresentationsOVERVIEW OF ICT APPLICATIONSIN IGNOUUma KanjilalIndira Gandhi National Open UniversityICT Initiatives at eGyanKosh, IGNOUeGyanKosh: A National Digital RepositoryE-Learning Platform -Virtual ClassWebcasting facility for GyanDarshan I & II andGyanVani – Education BroadcastFlexiLearnSakshat: A One Stop Education Portal ofMinistry of <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Development</strong>eGyanKoshhttp://www.egyankosh.ac.ininitiated in October, 2005 with a mandate to store,index, preserve, distribute and share the digitallearning resourcespublic launch in June 9, 2008 (initiating open access)emerged as one of the world’s largest educationalresource repositoriesover 95% of the self-instructional print material ofthe University have already been digitised anduploaded1600 video programmes available on YouTube withthe metadata link in the repositoryWebcasting of Broadcast channelsWiki for collaborative content generationEducation BroadcastLive Broadcast’s ArchiveManagementIGNOU-YouTube Collaboration33
Power Point PresentationsFeatures of OnlineProgrammesWalk in admission (Cohort based)Integrated multimedia courseware(personalized learningspace )Online counseling and mentoring(web conferencing, textbased chatting)24×7 learner supportAssignment Management SystemE-tutor based practicalGroup based online seminarOnline Project platformOnline Term End Examination (proctored)A Move Towards FlexibleLearning EnvironmentCourse wise registration and assessmentModular approach to earn course credits forobtaining a diploma or degreeAcademic Advisors for each courseE-portfolio for a formal record of all formaland informal studies carried out by theregistered learnerOn demand assessmentSAKSHAT: ONE STOP EDUCATIONPORTAL OF MHRDDeveloped at eGyanKosh, IGNOUInaugurated by His Excellency Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam,President of India on October 30, 2006National Mission on EducationThrough Information andCommunication Technology (ICT)National Mission on Educationthrough ICT (NMEICT)Approximate sum of Rs. 4600 crores (onebillion US Dollar) is a cabinet approvedmission allocation to MHRD till 2012(Phase I)Launched on February 3, 2009National Mission on Educationthrough ICT (NMEICT)High quality educational and open research contentonline and free of charge to every citizenHigh speed connectivity to all higher educationinstitutions in the countryLow cost access devicesVirtual labs, language converter tools, haptic devicesand other open source applicationsDevelop suitable pedagogical modelsTalk to a teacher facilityUnified Educational <strong>Resource</strong> Planning programme foracademic institutionsMobile e-learning terminalsMajor ongoing projects underthe MissionNational Programme of TechnologyEnhanced Learning (NPTEL)Virtual LabsEducational <strong>Resource</strong> Planning (ERP)Mobile e-Learning Terminals (MeLT)E-books and e-journalsHaptic devices34
Power Point PresentationsEffective Communication forSustainable Social <strong>Development</strong>(Food and Agriculture)By: Mahira AfzalFAOUN, Islamabad, Pakistan<strong>Development</strong> Communication“ A process that builds consensus and facilitates thesharing of knowledge to achieve positive change indevelopment initiatives.It is not only about effective dissemination ofinformation but about using empirical research, twoway communication and dialogue amongstakeholders.It is also a key management tool that helps assess sociopoliticalrisks and opportunities.By using communication to bridge differences and takeaction towards change, development communicationcan lead to successful and more sustainable results”Communication for <strong>Development</strong>People working to improve agriculturalproductivity, food security and rurallivelihoods, Knowledge and Informationare very vital to effectively respond to theopportunities and challenges of:social,economic andtechnological changesTo be useful, knowledge (innovations,research findings, or pressing policyissues) must be effectively sharedamongst people and institutions.Communication for <strong>Development</strong>(ComDev) is therefore a criticalcomponent of any developmentinitiative.Rural Community: Existing ProblemsThe rural community is suffering from multi-dimensionalproblems mainly due to unavailability of information and lack ofcommunication, including :PovertyLow IncomeLow Literacy RatesLack knowledge to sell their productsAgriculture information (soil, water, crops, seeds, fertilizers andmodern farming techniques).Lack of HealthcareLack of information (markets, market rates, weather and floodforecasts).Community <strong>Development</strong>Digital DivideAn increased disparity between users who have themeans to access information and those who do not.The major barrier to this is political will. Followingthat, the constraints are mostly educational,technological and financial in nature.Barely 2% are linked to the Internet and most peopleon the planet have never made a telephone call.Rural DivideICT revolution has greatly increased the possibilitiesfor disseminating and sharing knowledge and yet,disadvantaged segments of society are excluded fromICT flows (FAO, Strategy for Action).Rural people face constraints in accessing appropriateand timely information, no access to up to dateinformation hampers economic development.ICTs can support bottom up articulation ofdevelopment needs and perceptions and facilitatelinking global and local knowledge.35
Power Point PresentationsGender DivideMany development efforts have failed women in the pastbecause they do not take into account the role that womenfarmers play in agriculture and food security.ICT is of little benefit to women, particularly in developingcountries due to lack of training in using thesetechnologies, a low percentage of women working inmedia, lack of infrastructure and limited financialresources, and high illiteracy rate.ICT could accelerate progress toward gender equality. Butresearchers and policymakers and communities may giveattention to gender, and women have to raise their voice aswell.One-Way vs. Two-Way CommunicationMainpurposeMainmodel ofreferencePreferredmethodsand mediaComm toINFORMRaiseawareness,increaseknowledgeComm toPERSUADEPromoteattitude andbehaviorchangeComm toEXPLOREAssess, probeissues, explorepreventconflictsComm toEMPOWERBuildcapacities,involvestakeholdersOne-way One-way Two-way Two-wayPredominantuse of massmediaPredominantuse of mediaHeavy use ofinterpersonalmethodUse of dialogto promoteparticipationComponents ofCommunication StrategyInfo-Com Systems:CommunitynetworkMediaSources ofauthorityChallenges:NeedsOpportunitiesProblemsSolutionsCommunicationStrategySocial Context:CultureSocio-economicenvironmentPolitical risks/opportunitiesMedia and Tools in a ComDev process,a few examples …* Folk mediaMedia/ tools in aComDev process* Tradition SocialGroupings* Farmer Field SchoolsStakeholders’ Profile:SegmentationCharacteristicsPerceptions* Rural Radio* Printed Material* Video/Multi-media* InternetThe <strong>Development</strong> ProcessIncreased democratization of the developmentprocess;Demand for transparency;A holistic approach: economic, social, political,institutional, cultural, and environmental issues;Demand for people’s participation in decisionmaking.The Emerging Communication Paradigmo Dialogueo Participation (at different degrees)o Two-way model (in addition to one-way)o Process-based (and analytical) rather than productfocused.36