Aboriginal Co-operatives in Canada - Centre for the Study of Co ...

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A P P E N D I X I ~Profitable ProjectsThe key to success for ANCU lies in the pursuit of profitable projects, such as the financing ofhousing and other projects on First Nations lands. All CMHC housing projects sponsored by aFirst Nation or a First Nation member have to be guaranteed by the minister of Indian Affairs,and because of this guarantee, there is no risk to lending capital whatsoever involved withthese loans.Because of the confidence in ANCU by senior government officials such as Bob Dickson ofAboriginal Business Canada and Ian Donald of the Entrepreneurship and Small BusinessOffice (both of Industry Canada), each have committed to set up a business loan fund in theamount of $6 million to be used for business development. Similarly, the minister of IndianAffairs and the minister responsible for CMHC could be convinced to put up a housing loanfund of at least $30 million.Other credit unions derive a substantial part of their revenue from mortgage loans. In a smallcredit union with assets of $25 million, the mortgage portfolio, on average, will representapproximately 50 percent of net earnings. Extending this service to nonmembers of ANCU(i.e., non-First Nation members) could be another profitable project.Business Loans Are the PriorityPursuing profitable projects will in turn enable ANCU to make business loans, which have tobe its priority purpose. All other services should be provided to enable ANCU to do this, andthis strategy should always be clear in the minds of those charged with operating the creditunion. Clarity in this concept should be enunciated in some form of mission statement, as alack of clarity, while perhaps not perceived as a danger, can often be the underlying factor tofailure.This lending institution, envisioned over twenty years ago, was born of the need to spureconomic development in the community of M’Chigeeng. It can now spur economicdevelopment in many more communities.Improving access to credit by minority and low-income communities represents aserious challenge to lenders, community residents, and government officials. Thesolution to this problem is economic development, an indispensable component ofwhich is an effective banking system. (Jordan 1993)To help builders of financial institutions stay on track, the Report of the Royal Commission onAboriginal Peoples devotes a substantial section to economic development (volume 2, chapter5). A key recommendation is as follows:328 ~
~ C A S E S T U D I E SBuilding Economic Institutions 2.5.4Aboriginal nations give high priority to establishing and developing economicinstitutions that• reflect the nation's underlying values;• are designed to be accountable to the nation; and• are protected from inappropriate political interference.The development of businesses on First Nation communities has been negligible overthe years mainly because access to capital has been the major drawback. But over timeit is business which must carry the day as far as employment and income goes. Evento eventually enjoy political autonomy, the First Nations must generate their ownrevenue. They can do this by levying user fees, license fees and where a businesssignificantly benefits from a First Nation right, political contributions will have tobe required from those businesses. If there are no businesses from which to drawunrestricted revenue then the idea of political autonomy has to continue being a dreamwe just talk about. Massive social assistance and employment with the Band Officefrom the escalating social assistance is not the answer. Otherwise we continue to beadministrators of our own poverty.Within the context of the general situation above described, ANCU must play its role andrealize the importance of that role.Put Your Money Where Your Nation IsTo what extent First Nation councils and citizens will invest and deposit their money in ANCUis a challenge that will test the oft-stated rhetoric of the First Nation leadership. The chiefshave said they need cultural institutions, educational institutions, and of course, a financialinstitution. These and other key institutions have been identified as essential to achieving thegoals of more self-reliance, more independence, more self-government. All of the otherinstitutions relied on by the First Nations are government funded. ANCU will be the first thatis not. The original call for support of ANCU clearly stated what First Nations and theircitizens have to do:We have to use our own money to invest and start it up. We need to deposit our ownsavings in the credit union so it can continue operating. We need to borrow moneyfrom our own credit union so it can make a profit.This is what is meant by the Anishinabek Nation Credit Union slogan “Put Your MoneyWhere Your Nation Is.”~ 329
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A REPORT ONAboriginalCo-operativesi
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Copyright © 2001 Centre for the St
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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A B O R I G I N A L C O - O P E R A
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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
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F O R E W O R DThe Nature of This S
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~ F O R E W O R DCo-operatives are
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C H A P T E RO N EThe Current State
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EGove
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EFirs
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T ESelf
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EUnde
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EThir
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Eretu
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Ehave
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epatt
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T EOngo
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~ T H E C U R R E N T S T A T Epote
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SThe ne
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SEmergi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E Sl’Ou
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SAkochi
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SManage
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~ E M E R G I N G T H E M E SConclu
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~ T H E P O T E N T I A L F O R G R
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APPENDIX APART 1Socio-Economic Prof
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5. Relative performance of consumer
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Every year, the Co-operatives Secre
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1. Formation of Aboriginal Co-ops a
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is even more striking when we look
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The dichotomous structure ofactivit
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2.2 Sectoraldistribution ofAborigin
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in sectors that are more labor inte
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77Table 2.3 ACTIVITIES OF A SAMPLE
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3. Organization of Aboriginal co-op
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The selling of Inuit art by individ
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caisses populaires Desjardins. The
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Both the Federal and Provincial Gov
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4.2 Sales GrowthIn this section, we
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products (basically food and hardwa
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in employment between 1993 and 1997
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health of co-ops in general. Unlike
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“overcapitalization” by Aborigi
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5. Relative Performance of Consumer
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5.3 Consumer Products and Food Sale
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The “Aboriginal” member spends
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to other consumer co-ops.It was als
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Aboriginal) are more liquid than th
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6.2 EmploymentFigure 6.2 shows the
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Aboriginal workers could receive el
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of two major components: property (
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In short, Inuit co-ops are an impor
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115Table 6.3 Selected Statistics of
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some analysis that we felt was impo
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Aboriginal co-ops remain active in
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Indian Affairs and Northern Develop
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HIGHLIGHTS• Population, including
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PopulationFigure A.1 Population in
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Table A.1 Public School Enrollments
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Table A.4 Aboriginal Employment Rat
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were 13.7% and 20.7% respectively,
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Consumer Price Index (CPI)Figure A.
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D. Finance and InvestmentThis secti
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BibliographyCensus Dictionary, Fina
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FIGURE B1 A MAP OF CANADIAN ABORIGI
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~ P E R S P E C T I V E S O F R E G
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2.0 INCREASING SELF-RELIANCE2.1 LAN
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CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORA
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3.0 SUPPORTIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
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INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA1
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1.4 INNOVATION (FINANCIAL AND NON-F
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2.2 WORKFORCE TRAINING AND EXPERIEN
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3.2 CONNECTEDNESS INITIATIVESProgra
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2.3 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE REFORMProgram
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Part 3: Provincial/Territorial Init
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~ P R O V I N C I A L / T E R R I T
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A P P E N D I XCCo-operatives in Qu
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~ C O - O P S I N Q U É B E C A B
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Bibliography[Quotes in the body of
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~ C O - O P E R A T I V E S A N D C
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~ S T A T E M E N T O N T H E C O -
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Y2. In-Person
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~ M E T H O D O L O G Yissues; area
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A P P E N D I XHCase Study Guidelin
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~ C A S E S T U D I E SA P P E N D
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthe main foc
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sthey sold, t
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~ C A S E S T U D I E Sboth in Sask
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Page 292 and 293: ~ C A S E S T U D I E SIkaluktutiak
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Page 322 and 323: A P P E N D I X I ~Apaqtukewaq Fish
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A P P E N D I X I ~Wilp Sa Maa’y
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A P P E N D I X I ~opened an accoun
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A P P E N D I X I ~grow on the coas
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A P P E N D I X I ~We also need to
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A P P E N D I X I ~• We gave pres
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A P P E N D I X I ~its direction. (
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A P P E N D I XJAdditional Case Stu
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A P P E N D I X J : A D D I T I O N
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A P P E N D I X K : T H E C O N S U
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