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Appendix - Peak District National Park Authority

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DRAFTConservation Area AppraisalMarch 2011APPENDIXHathersagewww.peakdistrict.gov.uk


HATHERSAGE CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISALCONTENTSPage No.INTRODUCTIONLIST OF FIGURES1.0 CHA RACTER SUMMARY 12.0 LOCATION AND POPULATION 33.0 HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 74.0 FORMER AND CURRENT USES 165.0 ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC QUALITIES 196.0 PREVALENT AND TRADITIONAL BUILDING MATERIALS 267.0 THE RELATIONSHIP OF STRUCTURES AND SPACES 298.0 GREEN AND OTHER NATURAL LANDSCAPE FEATURES 399.0 CONSERVATION AREA SETTING 4310.0 PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY 4511.0 POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT 4712.0 PLANNI NG POLICY 5013.0 LISTED BUILDINGS IN HATHERSAGE CONSERVATION AREA 5214.0 GLOSSARY 5315.0 REFERE NCES 55i


INTRODUCTION TO CONSERVATION AREAS & APPRAISALSWhat is a Conservation Area?A Conservati on Area is d efined as a n area of ‘sp ecial arch itectural o r histo ric intere st, the cha racter o rappearance of which it is desi rable to preserve or enhance’ (Planning (Listed Buildings and ConservationAreas) Act 1990).Each Conservation Area has a unique character shaped by a combination of elements including buildings,materials, spaces, trees, street plan, history and economic background.The aim of Conservation Area designation is to ensure that this character is not destroyed or underminedby inappropriate changes.Conservation Areas in the <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong>There a re 109 Conservation Are as i n the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. Mo st contain g roups of traditio nal buil dings.Others include Historic <strong>Park</strong>s and Ga rdens, such as Lyme <strong>Park</strong>, or indu strial sites, such a s CressbrookMill.Conservation Areas generally have an aesthetic quality that makes them desirable places in which to live.In order to preserve and enhance this aesthetic quality, a high standard of design and materials is requiredof any development within a Conservation Area. Organisations, includi ng utility providers, are encouragedto exercise care and sensitivity.Grant Assistance in a Conservation AreaGrants are currently available (2011) for the repair and reinstatement of ex ternal architectural features toboth listed and unli sted b uildings an d stone b oundary wall s in a Con servation Area. Su ch works ma yinclude, for example, the rep air of st one slate roofs, or the re-instatement of hi storically approp riatewindows. For further information and a dvice please contact the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong>’s Cultural Herita geTeam (on 01629 816200).Funding may also be avail able for tre e planting and tree surgery (no grants a re provided fo r tree felling).For further information please contact the Nation al <strong>Park</strong> Autho rity’s Tree Con servation Officer (on 01629816200).Parish Coun cils and lo cal orga nisations can apply to the Nati onal Pa rk A uthority for h elp in fundi ngenvironmental enhancements to public spaces.If local communities want to produce a Management Action Plan they can seek advice on both productionof the plan a nd sources of funding for p rojects identified within it from the Natio nal <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong>’s Live &Work Rural Officers (on 01629 816200).Projects that have sustainability as their principle objective may be eligible for a grant from t he <strong>Authority</strong>’sSustainable Development Fun d (SDF). Fo r info rmation plea se contact the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong>’s SDOfficer (on 0 1629 8 16200). For a dvice on improvin g t he ene rgy efficien cy of histori c b uildings plea secontact the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong>’s Cultural Heritage Team.For furth er in formation a bout gra nt assistan ce with in a Co nservation Area, p lease refe r to the Natio nal<strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong>’s website: www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/grantsrrPlanning Constraints in a Conservation AreaConservation Area designation brings with it some legislative controls to ensure that any changes respectthe special character of the area. The following works in a Conservation Area will require permission:• Demolition of all, or most of a building, including boundary walls.• Lopping or felling trees.Other works that may require permission include:• Cladding a building.• Installation of a satellite dish or domestic micro-generation equipment.For further advice, please contact the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong>’s Planning Services (on 01629 816000).What is a Conservation Area Appraisal?Local Authorities have a duty to review Conservation Areas from time to time. The preparation, publicationand formal adoption of Conservation Area Appraisals is part of this process. Appraisals are being carriedout, and in some insta nces reviewe d, for each of the <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> Natio nal <strong>Park</strong>’ s 109 ConservationAreas. English He ritage’s ‘Guidan ce o n Con servation Area App raisals’ (200 6) form s the basis of the<strong>Authority</strong>’s appraisals.ii


Appraisals identify the spe cial qualities that make a place worthy of desig nation as a Conservation Area.They look at ways in which the ch aracter of a pl ace can b e preserved o r enhanced and are intende d toinform future changes, not to prev ent them altogether. Draft Cons ervation Area Ap praisals will beavailable for public consultation prior to adoption.Conservation Area Appraisals should be read in conjunction with the East Midlands Regional Plan Policy,the <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong>’ s Lo cal Plan, the Design Guid e (2007) a nd th e Pea k Pa rk’s L andscapeStrategy and Action Plan (2009). The relevant national guidance should also be taken into account, forexample Pla nning P olicy Statement 5: ‘Planning for the Historic Envi ronment’. The se documents a llinclude policies that help protect the special character of Conservation Areas and guide new development.Once adopted, Appraisals will be available on request from the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong> and on our website.Copies will also be sent to the relevant Parish Councils and local libraries.How will the Appraisal be used?An appraisal can be used to assess the impact of proposed development on Conservation Areas and theirsettings. It can al so assist in plan ning appe als, the develop ment of planni ng policy and community-ledinitiatives.An app raisal can i dentify oppo rtunities for ch ange and ele ments that would benefit from enhancement.This i nformation could be used by l ocal co mmunities, in dividuals, the Auth ority and othe r agen cies t odevelop initiatives that aim to protect or sympathetically enhance an area.An appraisal can promote understanding and awareness of an area. It can be use d as a starting point forinterpretive materials such as information boards and local guides. It also provides a social and historicalrecord of a place at a specific point in time, helping to create, maintain or enhance a sense of place.Appraisals can h elp attract fundi ng fo r improvemen ts in an area. They can a ct a s a catal yst for fu rtherenhancement wo rk and community p rojects, e ncouraging partnerships between lo cal communities,organisations and the <strong>Authority</strong>.iii


LIST OF FIGURESPage No.Fig. 1 Location of Hathersage Conservation Area 4Fig. 2 Hathersage Conservation Area Boundary 5Fig. 3 Aerial Photograph showing Hathersage Conservation Area 6Fig. 4Archaeological Sites Identified on the Derbyshire County CouncilHistoric Environment Record (HER), within Hathersage Conservation Area 12Fig. 5 Burdett’s Map of Derbyshire, 1791 13Fig. 6 Ordnance Survey Map, 1880 14Fig. 7 Second Edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1898 15Fig. 8 Architectural Development within Hathersage Conservation Area 25Fig. 9 Streetscape Features within Hathersage Conservation Area 37Fig. 10 Views within Hathersage Conservation Area 38Fig. 11 Landscape Features within Hathersage Conservation Area 42Fig. 12 Proposed Extension to Hathersage Conservation Area 46iv


PLEASE NOTE: No Conservation Area Appraisal can eve r be completely comprehensive, and o missionof any particular building, feature or space should not be taken to imply that it is of no interest.In addition, there is a Glossary at the back of this Appraisal amplifying a range of historical and technicalterms used within this document.v


1.0 CHARACTER SUMMARY1.1 The Hathersage Conservation Area wasdesignated on 24 Ap ril 1981. T he existingConservation Area bou ndary cove rs th e histo riccore of the settlement and around Bank Top andCamp Green and in cludes Main Road and thehistoric i ndustrial site s along Th e Dale and MillLane. It also in cludes some twentiet h centurydevelopment whi ch ha s in -filled gap sitesparticularly to the we stern e nd of theConservation Area.1.2 The Conservation A rea App raisalproposes to extend the bound ary to inclu deOddfellows Ro w and Bank Hou se, o n StationRoad, for reasons of a rchitectural a nd hi storicinterest (see Section 10 for the full justification).1.3 Hathersage l ies within th e Derbyshi reDales, towards the north-eastern boundary of the<strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> Natio nal P ark. The A6 187 runsthrough the Conservation Area along Main Roadand form s a junctio n with the B6001 at StationRoad.P1.1 Ornamental Lamp at the junction of theA6187 and B60011.4 The <strong>Authority</strong>’s Landscape Strategy andAction Plan (LSAP, 2009) locates the settlementwithin the Derwent Valle y region al land scapecharacter area, which incl udes the Ho pe Valley.Hathersage is located at the ea stern end of theHope Valley, on th e vall ey slo pe of the Rive rDerwent, and two of the river’s trib utaries, theHood Broo k and Dal e Broo k, run th rough thesettlement. A series of gritstone edges, includingStanage Edge, lie just to the north-east.1.5 The settlem ent was ori ginally a sm allfarming community, wi th lead -smelting andquarrying bei ng ca rried o ut along the gritstoneescarpments. Its location beside the two bro oks,however, wa s a cataly st for develop ment an dHathersage expanded throughout the ei ghteenthand ni neteenth ce nturies from a n a griculturalsettlement to an indu strial one, with theconstruction of wate r-powered mill s specialisingin metal-working. The industry was primarilybased on wire-drawing, and Hathersage becamefamous for the production of hackle and gill pinsfor automated combing machines.1.2 Barnfield Mill is part of the industrial heritage1.6 This i ndustrial expan sion re sulted in adramatic i ncrease in po pulation, which rea ched1,600 by 1921. The 2 001 census figure shows afurther rise i n popul ation to 1,774 within thevillage.1.7 Part of the sp ecial int erest of th eHathersage Conservation Area lie s in its settingon the botto m of the Derwent V alley and withinthe cleft of T he Dale, surrounded on all sides byhills. Thi s m eans that from almost any locationwithin the vil lage, hill s ca n be seen a bove o rbetween th e buildi ngs, providin g a greenbackdrop to the stonework. The Parish Church ofSt. Michael and All Ang els sits high er up the hillon Ban k To p, as a result of whi ch its tall spirecan be glimpsed above and between buildings inmany parts of the Conservation Area.1.8 The majo rity of buildings in th eConservation Ar ea were c onstructed in theeighteenth, nineteenth an d twentieth centu ries.The predomi nant buildin g material is millstonegrit, whi ch has provide d a strong unifyingelement.P1.3 Gritstone, surrounding hills and maturetrees contribute to the character.1


1.9 Hathersage contai ns a hi gh percentageof non-n ative ornam ental trees, conif ers beingparticular co mmon. The principal n ative speci esare Ash and Oak, giving way to willow and alderin the wetter a reas, whilst on dri er gro undbracken an d Birch can be found. S ignificantareas of woodland on t he surrou nding valleyslopes contri bute to the overall ch aracter of thearea.P1.4 Ornamental trees in the grounds ofHathersage Hall2


2.0 LOCATION AND POPULATION2.1 The Hathe rsage Con servation Area lieswithin th e Derbyshire Dale s, towards th e no rtheasternbo undary of the <strong>Peak</strong> Di strict <strong>National</strong><strong>Park</strong>. It is located at the eastern end of the HopeValley, on the valley slo pe of the Rive r Derwent.Two of the River Derwent’s tributa ries, Ho odBrook an d Dale Bro ok, run thro ugh th e village.Hathersage i s locate d at an altitude of 300 feet(91.5 metres) bel ow mo orland a nd a line ofgritstone e dges, of which Stanage E dge is thelargest. The main village has a fai rly flat valleylocation, with the original settlement at Bank T ophigher up the valley slope.2.4 In 1321 the p arish of Hath ersage (whichat that time con sisted of Hathe rsage, Outse atsand Bamford) had a population of 1,856 (Pigot’sDirectory, 18 35). Cen sus figure s for t he villageof Hathersa ge and its hamlets reco rds apopulation of 498 in 18 01, with a ra pid rise to991 in 1 861, with a po pulation across the parishof 2,371. Thi s dramatic rise can be attributed tothe industrial expansio n of Hathersa ge durin gthis period, with five s eparate wire-drawing millswithin the settlement.P2.2 The Dale and the chimney at Dale MillP2.1 Hathersage from Abney Road2.2 The <strong>Authority</strong>’s Landscape Strategy an dAction Plan (LSAP, 2009) identifies Hathersageas b eing within the Derwent Valley, with theConservation Area straddlin g two distinctlandscape ty pes: th e mai n settlement itself ispositioned within Valley Farmlands with Villagesand th e o riginal settlement at Ban k Top a ndwithin T he Dale i s l ocated within Sl opes an dValleys with Woodl and. The l andscapecomprises the broad, l ow-lying Ho pe Valleyseparating the limestone of the White P eak fromthe promine nt gritsto ne edges of th e Easte rnMoors a nd h igh moo rland of the Da rk <strong>Peak</strong> tothe north.2.3 The parish of Hathersage covers13,630 acres (5,984 hectares) (Kelly’s Directory,1891). Hat hersage Con servation Area is 10miles (16km) south-west of Sheffield and 9 miles(14.4km) no rth of Bakewell. The Hope Valleyvillages of Hop e an d Castleton lie 4 mile s(6.4km) and 5.5 miles (8.5km) to the n orth-west,respectively. The A61 87 ru ns through theConservation Area along Main Road.2.5 The po pulation for the pari sh h addeclined slightly by 1871 and 1881, rising againto 1,210 by 1891 and continuing to rise from thebeginning of the twentieth century, rea ching1,600 by 1921. Towards the end of the twentiethcentury there was a smal l declin e to 1,352 i n1991. Th e 2001 census, howeve r, reco rds adramatic rise in population to 2,000 for the parishof Hath ersage (whi ch no lo nger includedOutseats and Ba mford), w ith a po pulation o f1,774 within the village of Hath ersage itself(which lies within both Hathersage and Outseatsparishes).P2.3 Hood Brook runs alongside Main Road3


3.0 HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICALDEVELOPMENT3.1 There are a number of importantarchaeological site s i n and a round Hathersage,including o ne Sche duled Monume nt within theConservation Area itself: the Camp Gree nRingwork (S M23292). T his me dieval f ortificationis the l argest ringwork in north Derbyshire (Hart,1981).3.2 12 sites within o r ju st outsi de th eHathersage Conservation Area bo undary a reidentified o n Derbyshi re Cou nty Cou ncil’sHistoric Environm ent Re cord (HER). The seinclude: St. Michael’s Church (7 411 - Grad e Ilisted), the remains of a st one churchyard cross(7413) an d Little John ’s Grave (7 412); St.Michael’s Roman Catholic Church (422830058 –Grade II* list ed); a Romano-British stone hea d,found within the Cam p Green earthwork;Hathersage Hall (74 19 – Grad e II* listed); BankCottages on Besom L ane (7447 – Grade IIlisted); a cast iron milepo st on the sout h side ofthe Sheffield Road (7440 – Grade II listed) and amilestone on the Ca stleton to Sheffiel d ro ad atthe entran ce to The Crof ts (7 441); a pinfold atthe bottom o f Church Ba nk (744 6); th e orn atefingerboard and lamp post at the junction of MainRoad and Station Road (7444 - Grade II listed);nos. 1 -3 Ibb otson’s Fa rm Cottage s - a forme rseventeenth centu ry farmhouse on M ain Roa d(7420).3.3 There is evidence of early human activityin the area around Hathersage. A flint find (7457)to the south-east of the settlement dates from theearly Mesolithic to middle Bronze Age period andBronze Age flint and che rt have been found atthe south-eastern edge of the settleme nt. Callowprehistoric settlement an d field syste m on Ca rrHead Moor, a Scheduled Monument (SM29796),is thought be a relict B ronze Age settlement andassociated a gricultural field sy stem. The IronAge hill fort at Carl Wark, to the east ofHathersage, may have N eolithic or Bronze Ag eorigins (Barnatt and Smith, 2004).3.4 The Romans were attra cted to the Pe ak<strong>District</strong> for its lead. The track that runs to the eastoff the Sheffield Road, j ust to the sout h of Hi ghLees Farm, is thoug ht to be a po ssible Rom anRoad, running from Hathersage to Ringinglow onthe edge of Sheffield (42 2830060). Th e Roma nfort of Navio at Broug h, built aro und 73 A.D. i sfour miles (6.4km) to the west of Hathersage.3.5 Ringworks were m edieval fortification sbuilt and o ccupied from the late Anglo-Saxo nperiod to the later twelfth century. The presenceof the Camp Green Ringwork suggests that thereis likely to have been some form of settlement inor close to Hathersage i n Anglo -Saxon time s.Buxton (200 5) su ggests that the ring work mayhave o riginated in the ninth ce ntury, al though itmay be early Norman in date (Barnatt and Smith,2004). A stone cro ss (7413) in the chu rchyard ofSt. Michael’s Church i s thoug ht to be Saxon(Buxton, 2005).P3.1 Camp Green Ringwork3.6 The village is fi rst recorded as‘Hereseige’ i n Dome sday Book (AD1 086), an dwas first do cumented a s Hathe rsage in 1512(Cameron, 1959). Th ere ha s bee n som esuggestion that the na me derives from ‘He-goatridge’ or ‘ Haefer’s ridge’ (Came ron, 19 59) b ut itis thoug ht more likely that the first part of thename i s an Old En glish perso nal n ame, with‘ridge’ refe rring to n earby Millsto ne Edge(Cameron, 1959).3.7 At the time of Domesd ay Book themanor of Hathersag e was held by two Saxons,Leofnoth a nd Leofri c, b ut was subsequentlygranted to Si r Ralph FitzHub ert, Baro n of Crich(Buxton, 20 05). The m anor in cluded Hurst,Bamford a nd Derwe nt, ha lf of Offerton and twoparts of Stoney Middle ton. The village ofHathersage would have been very small, with nomill or church, and would have been lo catedwithin the vicinity of Camp Green.3.8 A number of families hel d the manor ofHathersage over the nex t few centu ries, but itremained under the Ba rony of Cri ch, which washeld by the Earl of Shrewsbury, lord of the manorof Hallam, by the sixtee nth century. In 1743 theDukes of Devonshire b ecame lords of the mano rof Hathersage and remain so to the present day.3.9 By 1135 Richard Basset, Chief Justiciarto He nry I, had built a small church i nHathersage, in order to provide tithes to fund theAugustinian Canon’s pri ory of Laund e Abbey inLeicestershire, of which he wa s a co-foun der(Buxton, 200 5). The pre sent p arish Church ofSt. Michael and All Angels still retains t he twelfthcentury Norman pillars and arches.3.10 The medieval village of Ha thersage waslocated in th e Camp Green a rea, close to thechurch, nea r the spri ngs a nd bro oks wi thin TheDale and away from the flood pl ain of the RiverDerwent. In medieval ti mes fa rms and thei rassociated barns an d outbuildin gs weregenerally situated within the village itself. Thefifteenth cent ury pa rt of Hathersage Hall was7


originally a farm, and would have been located atthe south-eastern edge of the settlement.Inn, which closed in 19 14-15 and i s now aprivate re sidence. Other cottage s and a farm,possibly l ocated on the si te of the Scotsman’ sPack Inn, faced the b rook along th e Dale tra ck(Buxton, 200 5). There were a few farm s andcottages located further to the west along what isnow Main Road, including Hathersage Farm, thecluster of cottages at Rastalls Cot tage andThimble Hall to the west of Hall Farm, and 1 & 2The Cottage s to the e ast of the Roya l Bank ofScotland.P3.2 Parish Church of St. Michael and All Angels3.11 People would travel out from the villag eto the large, shared open fields, where familieswould have strips or furlongs in different parts ofthe field. Fossilised medi eval strips can still beseen at T ownfield, which was a large open fieldwest of the track called Booth Lane (no wSheffield Road) and above Seel Field and east ofthe present Sheffield Road (Buxton, 2005). BaulkLane defines the edge of another large open field(Buxton, 2005).3.12 In severe weath er, he rdsmen wouldhave used booths or huts for th eir stock and thename B ooths i s still used for an area to thesouth-east of the village.3.13 The forme r village pinfol d lies at thebottom of Ch urch Ban k in The Dale, a nd wo uldhave been used as a pen to hold stray animals.3.14 There a re a num ber of an cientpackhorse trails and trackways running along thehills and down into the valleys aroundHathersage, whi ch was a route centre forhundreds of years (Pea k Factfinder). An ancienttrack o nce ran from Highlow to Hathersag eChurch an d w as known a s th e ‘c orpse p ath’(Buxton, 200 5), presuma bly as it was u sed totransport coffins to the ch urchyard. A packh orseroute to Shef field cro ssed the River Derwent atthe step ping stone s to the we st of Hathersageand continued up Jaggers La ne a nd north toStanage Pole. Another track led southwards fromthe George Inn to a ford across the river at LeadMill, and on through Hazleford to Eyam: thisformed p art of an anci ent route bet ween No rthDerbyshire a nd the West Riding, called HalifaxGate (McGuire et al, 2000). Booth Lane led fromHathersage eastward up the hill to Hathersag eBooths, where it terminated. Most of these trackscan b e cle arly seen on B urdett’s 1791 Map ofDerbyshire (Figure 5).3.15 In the seventeenth and ea rly eighte enthcenturies, th e village cen tre was still near thechurch. The village green was situated below thechurch and was edged by cottages and the BellP3.3 The former Bell Inn3.16 The Roman Catholi c Cha pel wasconstructed in F urness Fie ld in 1692, to th esouth-west o f the original settlement. This wasthe first Roman Catholic ch apel to b e built i nEngland by public su bscription a fter theReformation, but wa s ransacked shortly afterconstruction and mad e u nusable. The buildingwas not re built and re-op ened u ntil 1806(Buxton, 2005).3.17 The Dale Brook and Ho od Brook, ateither en d of the settlem ent, were in creasinglyused to power water-mills from the end of theseventeenth century, but mills may have existedbefore then. A wire-d rawing works i s known tohave existe d in o r ne ar Hathersage by 1566;although its l ocation is n ot known it is likely tohave reli ed on water-po wer. T here was a cornmill in the v icinity of the present Net her Hallaround the late seventeenth and early eighteenthcentury (Buxt on, 200 5), which m ay be the ‘OldMill’ sho wn o n Burdett’s Map of 1791 . A calicomill was i n existence ne xt to the Hood Brook onMill Lane from the earl y eighteenth centu ry,possibly the ‘Old Mill’ ref erred to on the 1840Ordnance S urvey Map, located on the sitesubsequently occupied by the Victoria Mill. Therewas a mill producing bras s buttons on the DaleMill site f rom around 1740 and an earli er mill onthe site i s believed t o have ma nufacturedproducts for the wool and cotton industries.3.18 Other mills existed just out side thevillage, including a corn mill near Lea dmill Bridgeand Green House Mill to the north, which was awater-powered lead smelting mill in t he ea rlyeighteenth century and became a paper mill from8


1760 until th e mid-nin eteenth ce ntury (Buxton,2005).3.19 The first tu rnpike road throug h thevillage, the Sparrowpit to Sheffield Turnpike, wasconstructed i n 17 58. T his followed th e old Daletrack from Ringinglow ov er Burbage Brook toHathersage, continuing along the Hope Valley toCastleton a nd west ward via Sparrowpit toStockport. T he turnpi ke originally foll owed theoriginal tra ck past Callow Field s Fa rm towa rdsFiddlers’ Elbow, but this route was very exposed,and the steep stretch was found t o be toodangerous for wagons and carriages. As a result,the turnpike was re-routed in 1767 to avoid thisstretch, and instead foll owed a more grad ualloop past Overstones (McGuire et al, 2 000). Theoriginal, dire ct ro ute and the ne wer, diverte droute are b oth cl early visi ble o n Bu rdett’s 179 1Map, running to either side of the Cupola north ofMitchell Fi eld (Fig ure 5 ). The remai ns of th eabandoned stretch of roa d ca n still b e see n onthe ground.P3.4 The original route of the 1758 Turnpike3.20 The con struction of the Sheffield toSparrowpit Turnpike road led to the expansion ofthe settleme nt west wards alon g the valleybottom. The resulting line ar layout of building salong the p resent-day Main Road can be clearlyseen on Burdett’s Map of 1791. The turnpi ke i slikely to have led to an increase in the number ofinns in th e village, and t he Geo rge Hotel an dScotsman’s Pack appear to have late-eighteenthcentury origins.3.21 A further turnpike, from Hathersage toChesterfield via Fox Hou se, was started in 1 781and complet ed in 182 5. The turn pike betwee nGrindleford a nd Bamford, throug h Hathersag e,was const ructed in the lat e eightee nth centu ry,but is not yet visible on Burdett’s 1791 Map.3.22 The o riginal Ringi nglow to Hathe rsagesection of the 1758 turn pike road ha d lost itsturnpike stat us by 1811, when a ne w turnpi kefrom Whim Corne r to Burba ge Brook wasconstructed (Buxton, 2005). Th e Ordna nceArms, renamed the Hath ersage Inn in 1960 andnow a n outd oor e quipment sho p, wa s built in1808 in advance of the expected 1811 turnpike.3.23 The turn pikes improved transport intoand out of the settlement, not only of people butalso of raw materials and manufactured goods toand from the small -scale mill-sites o n Mill Lan eand i n Th e Dal e. Mo st impo rtantly, the n ewturnpike along Hope Vall ey facilitated access tothe wate r-power p otential of the Hood Brook inthe valley bottom. As a res ult, there was adramatic in crease in th e gro wth o f waterpoweredind ustry from the begin ning of thenineteenth century New mills were constructedon the ea st side of the Hood B rook, a ccessiblefrom the turnpike road, and an expansion of theDale Broo k mill site. By 1820 the re were fou rwater-powered mills at the ends of thesettlement, three beside the Hood Brook and onein The Dale. The mills converted to steam-powerfrom the 1840s and a f ifth mill, Darvill’s Mill,occupied part of Mill Ban k Court on Main Road.The Hathersage mill s specialised p rimarily i nwire-drawing; this p articular in dustry is likely tohave co ntinued in th e village sin ce itsintroduction in the sixteenth century.3.24 The co nstruction of the turnpi ke road s,and the exp ansion of in dustry al ong the Hoo dBrook to the west, led to a shift in the main focusof the village from the original hi storic co re atBank Top and in T he Dale, to the vall ey bottomalong Main Road.3.25 The expa nsion of the mil ls would h averesulted i n a corresponding in crease i npopulation, includi ng many trade s-people,together with a gradu al shift from agriculturalwork a s mo re job s were availabl e in indu stry.Purpose-built terraces of prope rties wereconstructed to house th e mill workers. Thesewere small-scale, relatively simple an d of a typemore typically found in u rban settlements, wherespace would have been at a p remium, than in arural village. Back-to-back cottages were built onStation Roa d but had be en dem olished befo re1914. Two of the earlie st remai ning terra ces,Downing Co ttages an d Oddfello ws Ro w, areboth visibl e o n the 18 80 Ordnance Su rvey Map(Figure 6).3.26 The number of inns i n the villageincreased from this time, to cater for the growingnumber of mill workers. An earlier inn on the siteof the Little John Hotel, known a s the Butcher’sArms, was located close to the Hood Brook millsites.3.27 Steam power enabled the mills toexpand further and increase production. Wealthymill owners and landowners started to build largehouses for themselve s, in or just outsideHathersage, inclu ding Ro ck Ho use and NetherHall (outside the Conservation Area).9


3.28 The Hath ersage Encl osure Award wa spassed in 1830 (Buxton, 2005), although by nowthe prima ry employment fo r the inhabita nts wa smost likely to be industry.3.29 The earliest re corded scho ol i nHathersage was set up in 166 9 b y WilliamRonksley (M cGuire et al, 2000 ). In 1 718 G eerGreen Sch ool, on Cog gers L ane in Outseat s(outside the Conservation Area), was erected bypublic subscription; the school wa s clo sed in1807 an d ha s sin ce be en demoli shed. A newsubscription school opened in 18 04, o n the siteof the Pari sh Roo m, on Main Road. This wasclosed when St. Mich ael’s Church of Englan dSchool o pened in 185 8 a s the Natio nal School;St. Michael’s becam e a prima ry scho ol whe nHope Valley College opened in 1958.3.30 In 1825 a Catholic Sun day School wasopened at the we st end of the rebuilt Catholi cChapel; this became a Catholic d ay scho ol in1846 and was su perceded by a new schoolbuilding which opene d in 1864 at the foot ofJaggers L ane. The school move d to theWesleyan In stitute buildin g, whi ch ha d repla cedthe Atlas Works, in 1 955 a nd b ecame St.Michael’s Catholic Primary School, finally closingin 19 84 (McGuire et al, 2000). Th e building i snow St. Micha el’s Envi ronmental EducationCentre.3.31 A number of private schools also existedwithin th e vill age at vari ous tim es, i ncluding: aCatholic preparatory school at Rock House in theDale, from 1 851 until at least 187 9; a mixedCatholic preparatory school located on the site ofthe present-d ay ca r-park; and Vall ey S chool, amixed boa rding and d ay sch ool, at Moorl andHouse on Station Road from 1916 until 1947.3.32 A Methodist Chapel was built in 1807 ,located on th e Main Ro ad, at aro und t he sametime as the Catholic Chapel was re-opened. Theoriginal Meth odist Chapel wa s demolished i n1939 to make way for the existing chapel.3.33 The Hope V alley Rail way line, linki ngSheffield an d Man chester, wa s co mpleted in1894, and i s clearly m arked on t he 18 98Ordnance S urvey map, severi ng the VictoriaWorks on Mill Lane from the rest of thesettlement, with the feet of its viaduct sittingwithin the ori ginal mill-pond of the Works. TheStation Hotel on Station Road, now t he LittleJohn Hotel, opened with the arrival of therailway, replacing the earlier Butcher’s Arms.3.34 A great man y chang es h ave occurre dsince the beginning of the twentieth centu ry.These can be clearly seen through a comparisonof the 1898 Ordn ance Survey Map and thepresent-day map (Figures 7 and 2). At the end ofthe ninetee nth centu ry, the settleme nt was stillquite contai ned, with two main clusters ofdevelopment at the north-ea stern an d south -western en ds: the fo rmer refle cting th e ori ginalsettlement around Camp Green and the church,with a small development along the Dal e Brook,including the Dale Mill complex; the latter anindustrial group, mostly of mills and associatedworkers’ terrac ed c ottages, in the vic inity of theHood Bro ok and it s confluence with the Dal eBrook. These two clusters were joined by a fairlylow-density linear development alo ng MainRoad: the so uth side of Main Ro ad was moresparsely developed than the north, consisting oftwo farms and a small group of b uildings aroundthe Methodi st Cha pel, with a few propertiesopposite Hall Farm at t he e astern end. Th eboundary b etween the settleme nt and th esurrounding landscape was clearly differentiated,the settlem ent edge d by tree s, allot ments andfields, with fi elds edging Main Road i n pla ces,particularly on the south side.3.35 An aerial p hotograph o f Hathersagedating from the early 193 0s (see P3. 5 below)shows that although a garage has been added tothe so uth si de of Main Road a nd the NatWestBank has been constructed on the north side, the1898 d ensity and form of the settle ment stillappears la rgely unchan ged, with fiel ds e dgingthe road on the south side and allotments on thenorth side.P3.5 Aerial photograph of Hathersage from the1930s (reproduced with the kind permission of D.Upton)3.36 As the farm s within th e village haveceased to fu nction, the fi elds surrounding themhave lost th eir ag ricultural purp ose and havebeen devel oped. With the demolitio n of theoriginal Methodist Chapel on Main Road and theinfilling of the spa ces between the two f arms ateither end, there i s now an almost continual lineof buildings along the south side of the road a ndits original low-densit y, partly-agriculturalcharacter has been lost. The extent of twentiethcentury infill can be clearly seen on theArchitectural Development map (Fi gure 8). Thehousing development at The Crofts, just outsidethe Conservation Area to the north of Main Road,has been built on Allotme nt Gardens, shown onthe 1898 map an d on the 19 30s a erialphotograph (P3.5), edge d on their we stern sid e10


y the tree-li ned Hood Brook; the larg e bend inthe bro ok b ehind the G eorge Hotel, within theConservation Area, h as been straightened sincethe Conservation Area was designated.3.37 The most marked ch ange whi ch hasoccurred during the late r twentieth century is theextensive development t hat ha s ta ken pla cebeyond the Conservation Area bou ndary, to thenorth-west a nd south of the settlem ent. Thesemodern d evelopments have had a significantimpact on t he overall hi storic integ rity of thesettlement, redu cing the physical a nd visualdemarcation between the original village and itssurrounding fields, so that its historic form can nolonger be e asily determi ned. The e states havealso had a significant impact on the setting of theoriginal settlement: in the nineteenth century onlythe Church, on high er ground, would have beenclearly visib le from most di rections whenapproaching the village; no w the modern estatesrise up the hills to the west and north-west and tothe south and south-east, so tha t thesedevelopments have become the m ost prominentfeatures of the settlement.3.38 As well as the new housing estates, thetwentieth century expan sion also in cludes a firestation, a b owling green, a swimmin g pool (oneof few re maining op en-air heated swimmingpools left in the country ), the Memo rial Hall,banks and shops.11


4.0 FORMER AND CURRENT USES4.1 Hathersage wa s originally a smallfarming community, with lead smelt ing andquarrying being carried out alon g th e nea rbygritstone escarpments from early times. From thelate eig hteenth to the e nd of the nineteenthcentury a thriving metalworking indu strydeveloped i n Hath ersage, with water-poweredmills, later converted to steam, locat ed on theDale B rook a nd Hood B rook which run throug hthe village. T he industry was primarily based onon wire -drawing, and Hathersage becamefamous for the production of hackle and gill pinsfor automat ed com bing machin es (Buxton,2005).4.2 The ea rliest forms of lead-smelti nghearths were sited on the bro ws of gritstoneescarpments, such as tho se around Hathersage.Bole Hill, just to the north-west of the settlement,is a common place name wherever lead or iron issmelted (Hey , 2001 ). In the eighte enth century,coal-fired cu polas we re being u sed for leadsmelting, for example at Callow Field, north-eastof Mitch ell Field F arm: this is m arked onBurdett’s 1791 map.4.3 Domed millst ones we re being producedin the a rea f rom at le ast the thirtee nth centu ry(Barnatt and Smith, 2004) an d po ssibly sinceRoman time s (Hey, 200 1), q uarried from thegritstone e scarpments nearby. By theseventeenth century the area to the north ofHathersage was a centre for millston e quarrying(Barnatt and Smith, 2004).4.4 Demand for millstones decreased duringthe late eighteenth and ni neteenth centuries, butthis decli ne coincided wit h an increa se in theproduction of grin dstones for u se i n the metaltrades industries. The quarries near Hathersagewere al so used to produ ce b uilding sto ne(Barnatt and Smith, 2004). In the nineteenthcentury they were u sed to produce millstones foranimal fo od and pul p-stones fo r pa permanufacture, many of which were e xported t oScandinavia.4.5 Most of the grit stone q uarries a boveHathersage closed in the l ate nineteenth or earlytwentieth ce nturies, with the introd uction ofsynthetic grindstones (Barnatt and Smit h, 2004).The construction of the Up per Derwent reservoirdams in the twentieth century, howeve r, led tothe tempo rary re-o pening of a numb er of thelocal quarries, including the Bole Hil l Quarry(Barnatt and Smith, 2004).4.6 In the mid-seventeenth ce nturyHathersage was associated with the growing andprocessing of flax for spi nning, when li nen a ndfustian p roduction was at its hei ght in Englan d(Buxton, 2005). Hemp was also produced locallyfrom the se venteenth to the early nineteenthcenturies an d a hemp -yard is b elieved to have16been lo cated close to the Dale Bro ok, where itnow runs through a culvert between the NatWestBank and Post Office (Buxton, 2005).4.7 In the eighteenth century, spinning was acommon domestic labour carried out by women,with weaving ca rried o ut by men, u sing the to pfloors of th eir cottages wh ere the win dowsallowed more light. Cotton workshops were listedin Hathersage in 1801 and 1810 (Buxton, 2005).4.8 There i s reference to a calico works i nthe village in the ea rly eightee nth centu ry(Buxton, 2005) on Mill Lane, on the site of thelater Vi ctoria Works (ju st ou tside th eConservation Area) . An earlier mill on the DaleMill site is believed to have produced product sfor the wool and cotton industries.4.9 Metalworking of various kinds has playeda promine nt part in th e village’ s history. AGerman immigrant, Christopher Schulz, is knownto have est ablished a wire-drawing works atHathersage by 1566. The wire was used by locallead mine s for ore sieve baskets, an d hacklepins for combs were man ufactured commerciallyto serve local textile needs (Buxton, 2005).4.10 A water-powered mill on the Dale Millsite was producing b rass buttons f rom aro und1740 until about 1820 (Hathersage EnvironmentGroup, 200 9). Henry Cocker then to ok over th eworks, added a second storey to the building andswitched from brass button man ufacture to wiredrawingfo r the pro duction of ste el pins andneedles. Cocker h ad al ready be en producingthese in workshops across the road from the mill,now converted to Ea stwood Cottag es (McG uireet al, 2000). The mill converted to steam inaround 1840-41 and a three-storey buil ding waserected with a boilerhouse and chimneystack.P4.1 The former Dale Mill chimney4.11 In 1848 Dal e Mill wa s sold a nd wassubsequently use d for a variety of purp oses,including the manufactu re of boots an d sho es(McGuire et al, 2000). Pearl button s were beingmade during the late r p art of th e n ineteenth


century (Bu xton, 2005 ). By the early-midtwentieth century, Dale Mill had be come th epremises of a painte r/decorator and u ndertaker;the main mill building and chimney stack survive,the former now converted to residential use.4.12 From 1830 the former calico mill on Mi llLane was use d by Tobia s Child for themanufacture of hackle and gill pins for the textileindustry (M cGuire et al, 2000 ). The mill laterbecame the Victoria Works, and is sh own on the1880 O rdnance Survey m ap as ma nufacturing‘Steel Wi re’. In the 1880s th e works startedmanufacturing gra mophone ne edles, steel pi nsand spe ctacles. Although the Victoria mill (justoutside the Conservation Area ) is m arked as‘disused’ on the 1898 Ordnance Survey map,severed fro m its mill-pond by the ne wlyconstructed railway viaduct, it was still i n use inthe early 1900s, finally cl osing in 1910 when theboiler exploded and destroyed all but the groundfloor of the mill buildi ng (Buxton, 2005); whatremains has now been converted to a workshopand residential use.4.13 Barnfield Mill was built a round 1811 andwas used by Robert Cook for the manufacture ofneedles. A n umber of different m etal productswere ma nufactured, in cluding ste el wi re, hackleand gill pins, umbrella frames and award-winningneedles. Barnfield Mill be came th e Ha thersageWorks in 1873 and is identified as manufacturing‘Needles’ on the Ordnance Survey map of 1898.It had cea sed tradin g by 1900; pa rt of the millbuilding is still in use, housing a numbe r of smallworkshops.4.14 The Atlas Works, which was located justbelow the confluence of the Dal e a nd HoodBrook, ope ned some tim e after 1 818 and wasused by He nry Co cker f or the ma nufacture ofneedles, vari ous wire produ cts for t he textileindustry and umbrella frames and bicycle spokes(McGuire et al, 200 0). The Atlas Works wasclosed in 1902 an d the buil dings la rgelydemolished i n 19 07; a remainin g section wasincorporated into the Wesleyan Institute that wasbuilt on the site (McGuire et al, 2000), which laterbecame a Catholic Prima ry Sch ool and is no wthe Education Centre.steam too k over from water from a round 1 841(McGuire et al, 2000 ). Th is incre ased reliabilitybut led to more pollution.4.16 A fifth mill, known as Darvill’s M ill,occupied part of the Mill Bank Court building onMain Road from a round 1840, m anufacturingsprings (Hathersage Environment Group, 2009).The mill was eventually a bandoned and sho psoccupied the ground floor, includi ng agreengrocers until 1925, a newsage nts until1976 a nd a fish and chip sh op, which late rbecame a fashion shop.4.17 By the mid-ninet eenth centuryHathersage was a thrivi ng settlement. Localservice in dustries recorded (Kell y, 1891)included but chers a nd groce rs, ge neral supplystores, a tailor and draper, blacksmiths, joiners, aplumber, millstone m akers, man ufacturers o fsteel wi re, spiral sp ring manufactu rers, wi regauge ma kers, a phy sician/surgeon, n umerousfarmers, a Post Office, a cri cket cl ub an d anumber of inns.4.18 In the se cond half of t he nin eteenthcentury new machinery enabled mass-productionof needl es, and the i ndustry in Hathersagebecame uneconomical (McGuire et al, 2000). Bythe time the railway rea ched Hathersage in 1894the Hathersage mills had virtually ceased trading(Buxton, 2005).4.19 A numbe r of buildi ngs within t heConservation Area have had different u ses overtime. Thimble Cottage was once the village lockup(Hathersage Environm ent G roup, 2 009) an dwas a butcher’s shop until the 1970s (McGuire etal, 2000). The top storey of one of the prop ertiesat Ban k Cottages o n Be som L ane wa s o nce abrass button factory (Hat hersage Env ironmentGroup, 2009). Ibbotson’s Farm was also the postoffice from the mid-nineteenth century.4.20 Apart from the former m ill buildings, anumber of other b uildings wit hin theConservation Area have been convert ed fro mtheir original uses. The Be ll Room, at the so utheasterned ge of the churchyard, wa s originallythe stabl es f or the Bell In n; the buildi ng is n owused a s a S unday S chool and ge neral meetin groom. Th e single-sto rey building at the no rthwesterned ge of Th e Sq uare, now a shop a ndcafé, was originally the coach house and stablesto the Ordnance Arms.P4.2 The remains of the Atlas Works4.15 All of the fou r main wi re-drawing Worksin Hathersage were init ially w ater-powered b utP4.3 The former stables to the Ordnance Arms17


4.21 The 1880 Ordnance Survey map showsa smithy loca ted at the bottom of Jagge rs Lane,and another opposite th e Geo rge Hotel. The rewas al so a whe elwright sh op lo cated he re(McGuire et al, 2000).4.22 There were three working farm s alo ngthe main street of the village until the mid-1900s,including Hathersage Farm, Ibbotson’s Farm andHall Farm, which was still a working farm in2000.4.23 Tourists were drawn to Hathersage fromthe nin eteenth century, d ue to th e surroundingscenery. Nu mbers i ncreased with th e arrival ofthe railway and l ed to the e stablishment ofhotels, b oarding ho uses a nd cafes (McGuire etal, 2000).4.24 Today Hath ersage is a busy, thrivin gsettlement with three chu rches, a villag e school,pubs, cafe s, a Post Office and chemi st, shop sand a number of amenities, including an open airswimming pool, outdo or bo wling greens, achildren’s pl ay area a nd numerous B &Bs andholiday cottages.18


5.0 ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICQUALITIES5.1 There is an architectural unity inHathersage Con servation Area, re sulting fromthe use of locally sourced g ritstone in theconstruction of both building s and bounda rywalls. Many of the historic buildings in theConservation Area have been co nstructed in thevernacular st yle. Their si mple, utilitari an form shave given the buildin gs a solid an d robu stappearance. Amongst the olde st b uildings inparticular, un ity also re sults from a similarity ofscale, so that whether a building has one, two orthree storeys it relates well in terms of proportionto its neighbours.Architectural Styles5.3 The S cotsman’s Pa ck at t he jun ction o fThe Dale and Church Bank, is constructed in theArts a nd Crafts style popular in the ea rlytwentieth century. It is in marked contrast withmore traditio nal styles and mate rials in theConservation Area, both archite cturally andvisually.5.4 Rock Ho use, o ff C hurch Ba nk, isdescribed by Pevsne r a s “a ne urotic a ttempt touse th e extremely he avy ru stication of Paine’ sChatsworth stable s for mod est dome sticpurposes.” (P evsner 200 2). This buildi ng date sfrom 1 830 a nd the u se of this grand iose stylereflects the status of t he mill owner for whom itwas b uilt. The use of ha rmonious buildi ngmaterials, ho wever, helps it to blen d into thesurrounding area.P5.1 Architectural unity comes from the use oflocally sourced building stone and similarity ofscale.5.2 There are exceptio ns, however, an dmany later buildings f rom the ni neteenth a ndtwentieth centuries, particularly those a ssociatedwith commercial and in dustrial de velopment, d onot confo rm to the unifying trend s. Re asons fo rthis include the choice of con struction materials,the use of polite archite ctural style and largescale. All these factors create visual prominencein the street-scene. Th e building occupied by theNatWest Bank on Main Road is a good exampleof this: it stand s out be cause its a shlar sto neappears comparatively light in colour, it is built ina neo-Jacobean style an d it overshadows manyof its neighbours.P5.2 The NatWest Bank stands out due to itsscale, architectural style, and colour of stone.195.3 1830 Rock House with rusticated stoneworkto window surrounds.Large-Scale Buildings5.5 There are some buildings in Hathersagewhich stand out due to their size. Somecommercial premises u sed si ze to make astatement and draw attention to themselves. TheLittle John Hotel, The Ge orge Hotel, the forme rHathersage Inn and Mill Bank Court, forexample, are con siderably larger than most ofthe surroundi ng properties . These buildings stillreflect the l ocal verna cular, con structed usin glocal mate rials, in a t raditional style a nd a s aresult they sit harm oniously within t he streetscene.5.6 Some buil dings were l arge out o fnecessity such as the mill s at Barnfield and TheDale. Others were large as a symbol of wealthand status such as Ea stwood Hou se, and mo stnotably Hathersage Hall.Historic Buildings5.7 Hathersage contai ns a hi gh number o fListed Buildi ngs. The re a re 28 list de scriptionscovering 43 listed buildi ngs a nd structures i nHathersage Conservation Area (a li st of theseListed Buildings can be found in Section 13). Itshould b e n oted that th ere a re fu rther li stedbuildings wit hin Hathersage Pa rish b ut outsi dethe Con servation Area. Many of th e unli sted


uildings in t he Co nservation Area ha ve somehistoric and architectural merit and they make asignificant, p ositive contri bution to the cha racterof the settlement. Listed bu ildings and significantunlisted buil dings are in dicated on Figure 9,Streetscape Feature s within Hathe rsageConservation Area.5.8 It is evident that the m ajority of th ebuildings in the Con servation Area wereconstructed i n the eighte enth, ninete enth an dtwentieth centuries, corresponding to the pha sesof develo pment outlin ed i n Sectio n 3. Figu re 8illustrates architectura l developm ent withi nHathersage Conservation Area.5.9 With the exception of the Ch urch of StMichael, there is little exterior evid ence tosuggest that any buildings of an earlier date thanthe seventeenth century survive in Hathersage. Itis possible that som e buildings, lik e Ha thersageHall whi ch has a sixte enth centu ry section,contain earlier cores and have internal evidenceof earlier age.5.10 One of the main re asons for the lack ofearly b uildings is that En gland went throu gh aGreat Age of Rebuilding towards the e nd of thesixteenth and be ginning of the seventeenthcenturies. Wealth from a thriving a griculturaleconomy al ong with a desire fo r p rivacy andcomfort a re believed to h ave be en th e impetu sbehind the rebuildin g. From this time onwa rds,most b uildings th roughout the coun try wereconstructed from more-substantial materials andforms. It i s gen erally acknowledged that theGreat Rebuil ding would have ha ppened sli ghtlylater in th e north of En gland due to the effect ofregional time lag. He nce the old est b uildings inHathersage are likely to be of late ra ther thanearly seventeenth century origin.5.11 In the eighte enth ce ntury many of th esettlement’s agricultural building s we reconstructed and small-scale cottag e indust rybegan to develop. Evidence for this can beseen at Ban k Cottage s (Grad e II) on BesomLane, b uilt in 178 1, which contai n weave rs’windows. These are rows of ca sement windowsinstalled t o maximise da ylight t o a ssist w orkingconditions (Ivy House and Ivy Cottage on SchoolLane may also have been weaver’s cottages).5.12 Towards the end of the eighteenthcentury larger-s cale mill sites began to emergeand th ese e xpanded con siderably during thi snineteenth century ind ustrial deve lopment.Within the Conservation Area, Darvill’ s, Atlas,Barnfield an d Dale mill s we re all constructed,with their a ssociated chimneys a nd terraces ofworkers’ dwellings.5.13 During th e ni neteenth cen tury pu rposebuiltcommercial buildings also be gan to appearlike the Ordnance Inn which anticipated demandcreated by the turnpi ke road. The com ing of therailway also stimulated commercial development,and T he Sta tion Hotel (L ittle John Ho tel) wasbuilt and The George Hotel was expanded.Dating Evidence5.14 Dating buildings generally is problem aticas i nevitably over tim e they a re altere d;extensions and othe r cha nges ma sk or de stroyhistoric fabric.5.15 For exampl e Rastall s Co ttage on Mai nRoad ha s a protruding chimney flue which isevidence th at an adjoining p roperty h as beendemolished. On its fr ont elevation there isevidence of a form er do orway whi ch i s n ow awindow opening.P5.5 Rastalls Cottage has been altered over thecenturies5.16 The Ol d Ba kery on Main Street ha s afireplace on its east gable end at first floor level.This is again evidence that an adjoinin g propertyhas b een d emolished. More subtle signs thatindicate a b uilding h as been alte red includ eblocked wi ndows an d former rooflines on ga bleends.P5.4 Bank Cottages with weavers windows20


5.19 Later wi ndow o penings are larger a ndhave more vertical proportions containing timbersashes o r ca sements with st one sur rounds.Eighteenth century mull ioned wi ndows hav emore of a vertical emphasis than theseventeenth century mullions, and later ones aresquare-cut in profile.P5.6 A fireplace on the east gable of The OldBakery, a former roofline can also be seen.5.17 The G eorge and T he Sco tsman’s Pa ckare good examples of buildings which have beencompletely re-modelled with little origin al historicfabric remaining.P5.9 No 1 The Cottages, Main Road has squarecuteighteenth century mullions.5.20 As the eight eenth ce ntury progressedwindow o penings became large r with a more -vertical em phasis. Eighteenth cent ury sa shwindows h ad more subdivisions u sing smalle rpanes of gl ass than l ater nin eteenth ce nturyones. Casement windows also became popular.P5.7 Scotsman’s Pack Inn under reconstruction(reproduced with the kind permission of TheScotsman’s Pack)5.18 Windows and their surro unds are one ofthe best indicators of a building’s age. A varietyof window styles are evident in the ConservationArea. T he earliest wi ndow o penings, from theseventeenth century, have a horizontal emphasiswith small casements se t in ro ws di vided bychamfered mullions. The only remaining exampleof seventee nth century chamfered windows inthe Con servation Area can be found atHathersage Hall, but these are not visi ble to thepublic.P5.8 Seventeenth Century Chamfered MullionWindows at Hathersage Hall.P5.10 Examples of early and late nineteenthcentury windows5.21 By the nineteenth c entury progress i nglass m aking technolo gy made large r wi ndowopenings with larger panes possible.The Eastern End of the Conservation AreaThe Historic Core5.22 The mo st histori c part of theConservation Area i s around St Michael’sChurch an d Camp G reen st retching do wnChurch Bank and Sch ool Lane to Th e Hall. Thi s21


area contains a hig h proportion of Hathersage’soldest buildings.5.23 The ea rliest surviving building i s th eChurch of St Michael and All Angels which dateslargely f rom the fifteenth century. The Ch urchdoes contain earlie r fab ric from th e t welfth an dfourteenth century, acco rding to Pe vsner thesouth arca de an d chancel are li kely tocorrespond to this date. He describes the churchas, “High up at the end of the little town; a typicalDerbyshire sight with its castellate d aisles, porchand clerestory, its gargoyles and its spire.” TheChurch of St Michael is a Grade I listed building.historic farm s, and its building s are mo reprominent in the street scene, being set closer tothe roa d ed ge than the other form er farmcomplexes. Only a few feature s disclo se theagricultural origins of Ibbotson’s Farm.5.26 Historically, therefore, the eastern end ofthe Con servation Area would h ave beenagricultural i n natu re a nd althoug h m ost of thefarm buildings at Hall Farm are nineteenthcentury, there is a barn i n this compl ex whi chdates from t he seventee nth ce ntury, sug gestinglong-standing agri cultural use for the site.Ibbotson’s Farm a nd cottages, Hall FarmCottages, Hall Cottage, The Cotta ge (Baul kLane) and Broomfield all date from theeighteenth century an d a re likely to have beenoccupied by farmers and agricultural workers.P5.11 St Michael’s Church has a fifteenthcentury tower.5.24 There are several eig hteenth centurybuildings in this area including Highbury Cottage,Eastwood Cottage, Cutte r’s Cottage (Grad e II),The Ol d Bel l Hou se (Grade II) a nd The BellRoom (Grade II).P5.13 This barn at Hall Farm, which has nowbeen converted, originates from the earlyseventeenth century.5.27 Darvill’s mill (now Mill Bank Court) wasconstructed i n the ninete enth ce ntury. Theground floor of this buildin g had be en convertedto sh ops by the e arly t wentieth cen tury andconverted to flats in the 1980s.P5.12 The Old Bell House and The Bell Roomare eighteenth century buildings.The East End of Main Road5.25 The long-standing agricultural complexesof Hall Farm and Ibbotson’s Farm, until recently,made a si gnificant contribution to th e histo riccharacter an d appea rance of the main rout ethrough Hathersage, bo th have no w be enconverted to comm ercial and residential use.Ibbotson’s F arm wa s th e most ce ntral of the22P5.14 Former Darvill’s Mill Building dating fromthe nineteenth century, now converted into flats.The Dale5.28 Development along The Dale i s l argelylinked to th e Dal e Mill site. Nos. 1 and 2


Eastwood Cottages originate from the eighteenthcentury and were proba bly con structed at thesame time as the original mill, to house workers.These ap pear to be t he ea rliest survivingbuildings i n the Dale. No s. 3-7 EastwoodCottages which adjoin 1 and 2 to fo rm a terraceare later, dating from th e nineteenth century andwould have b een built to a ccommodate workersof the later n ineteenth century mill whi ch i s theone that survives today.5.29 The diffe rentiation in the ag e ofEastwood Cottages i s evi denced by the si ze ofthe wi ndow ope nings. 1 a nd 2 EastwoodCottages ha ve smaller windows subdi vided bysquare secti on sto ne m ullions, 3 -7 have mu chlarger window openings. A verti cal mortar jointcan cl early be see n on the seco nd storeybetween No s 2 an d 3 sho wing th at thesecottages were a later addition.attempted t o refle ct d omestic o r indu strialvernacular.Mill Lane and Barnfield5.32 This area was characterised by industrialdevelopment and was th e location of Atlas an dBarnfield mill s, as well as the Vi ctoria mill, justoutside the Conservation Area bo undary. Thebuildings in t his area date from the n ineteenthcentury or later.P5.16 Barnfield Mill dates from 18505.33 In Hathersage it was common practice tobuild onto an existing pro perty resulting in sho rtterraces of cottages that are not of a uniformdesign. Exception s which were built as a wholewere Barnfiel d Cottage s a nd Do wning Row andthey (alo ng with O ddfellows Row) a re uniq uewithin the Conservation Area.P5.15 1-3 Eastwood Cottages. No 1-2 areeighteenth century, No 3 is nineteenth century.The Western End of the Conservation AreaThe West End of the Main Road5.30 Many of th e buildings in t his part of th eConservation Area d ate from the nin eteenth andtwentieth cen turies. The oldest buildin g in thisarea is th e seventeenth century St Micha el’sCatholic Chapel (Grade II*), but this is not clearlyvisible in the street sce ne. Hathersa ge Hou se,which was formerly a farm, the L odge toBrookfield Manor and 1 a nd 3 The Cottages areall eighteenth century buildings and listed GradeII.5.31 This are a is cha racterised by largecommercial buildings such as tho se occupied bythe Royal Ba nk of Scotlan d, the NatWe st, LittleJohn Hotel and The George Hot el. There aresome properties of a m ore dome stic scale, b utsome are used as shops. Twentieth centu rybuildings in clude Out side, the petrol st ation andproperties to the rea r of Ibbotson’s Farm and thepublic conveniences. O n the whole th ese haveP5.17 Downing Row built as a unified terraceThe impact of Twentieth CenturyDevelopment5.34 To the north, north-west, south a nd eastof Hathersage Conservation Area boundary a lotof twentieth century hou sing develo pment ha staken place. A considerable amount of twentiethcentury development has also taken place withinthe boundary particularly filling gap sites along ofMain Road. This ha s had a p ronounced imp acton views into and out of the Co nservation Areaand the street scene. It has created more of asuburban fee l. Conversion of all the agricultu ralbuildings to busin ess and dom estic u secombined wit h the emergence of purpose-built23


usiness pre mises, a nd a compa ratively wid eMain Road and it s asso ciated sig nage,contribute to Hathersa ge having a small-to wnfeel.24


6.0 PREVALENT AND TRADITIONALBUILDING MATERIALS6.1 The predominant building material in th eConservation Area is millstone g rit. The use ofthe local stone throughout the Conservation Areahas provided a strong unifying element.6.2 The stonework in Hathersage is normallydressed, bro ught to cou rses often with a tooledsurface. There is some limited use of render andashlar b ut this is n ot typical of the are a. Stonehas al so be en use d for external archite cturaldetails such as copin gs a nd quoi ns. Chimneysand wi ndow and doo r surrou nds are al soconstructed fr om dressed s tone. Muc h of thestonework in the village ha s a da rk patina whichis a reminder of the village’s industrial past.P6.3 Coursed gritstone chimney stacks with anashlar stack on gable endP6.1 Surface dressed coursed gritstone onDowning Row; note 1834 datestone6.3 There is one re d bri ck building in t heConservation Area at Hall Farm, originally built inthe late eig hteenth cent ury as a malt kiln(Buxton, 2005). This mate rial is alie n not only toHathersage but also the wider locality.6.4 Stone slate is the predo minant materialused on roofs, although blue slate and concretetile can also be found in the Conservation Area.Often there are stone co ping details at verges.Gable verge s have a mortared finish . Timberbarge-boards are n ot part of the area’ svernacular.P6.4 Nineteenth Century Ashlar chimneys atEastwood House6.6 Traditional rainwater go ods a re eith ertimber b ox g utters, which are often m ounted onstone corbels, or cast iron gutters with half-roundor ogee profiles, normally fixed to metal rise-andfallbrackets.6.7 The domi nance of stone wall s i sparticularly evident in the area around The Dale,Bank Top and the Church. There are a variety ofwalling types in the Conservation Area andexamples of both d rystone and mortared wallscan be fo und. Th e majority of walls a reconstructed to cou rses rather than built ofrandom ston e. There are a variety of copin gdetails including round and triangular. There arealso some fl at co ping stones. V arious type s ofgritstone gat eposts a nd piers pun ctuate thewalls.P6.2 Stone slate roofs and a blue slate roof6.5 The majority of domestic chimney stacksare coursed gritstone but a few bri ck stacks canbe found. There are, however, so me ashlargritstone stacks with banding and drip courses.P6.5 Coursed Boundary walls on Church Bank26


P6.6 A mixture of building and boundary walls onBesom Lane/Hall Lane.6.8 Prior to the early twen tieth century ,Hathersage’s roa ds wo uld h ave b een unmetalledt racks. T he main roads are no wsurfaced in tarmac as are the pavements, someof which ha ve stone kerbs. The re are someareas of tra ditional p aving within th e village,some of which is hist oric, such as Church Bank,and some is modern but in a traditional style, likethat which fronts Bank Cottages. There are alsoa few areas paved with stone setts within thegrounds of some prope rties, some of which istwentieth century.P6.8 Historic Lantern, Hathersage Churchyard6.10 The m ost n otable hi storic lante rns a rethe one i n the churchyard above the entrance tothe old Vi carage, an d the cast-i ron col umnerected in 1 914 in mem ory of Colo nel A JShuttleworth JP of Hathersage Hall.P6.7 Stone surface on Church Bank6.9 With re gard to street furniture, themajority of street ligh ts are mo dern a ndutilitarian. There are some examples of swannecklights which have been adapted for modernuse..P6.9 Ornamental Lamp Column at the junction ofStation Road and Main Road6.11 As the A61 87 runs through Hathersage,the Conservation Area inevitably contains a highnumber of ro ad signs and markings, including apedestrian crossing with traffic lights on MainRoad. Sign age is particularly noticeable at thejunction of the A6187 and the B6001.6.12 There are two histori c mil eposts withinthe Con servation Area; on e is a G rade II listedcast iron po st situated to the east of BrookCottage on Main Road o n the boundary of th eConservation Area. Thi s milepost is a ssociatedwith the 1758 Sheffield t o Man chester turnpi keroad. Th e o ther i s a n u nlisted sto ne milepo stlocated on t he verg e at the entra nce to TheCrofts.27


P6.10 Unlisted stone milepost and cast -ironlisted milepost6.13 There is a K6 p hone box near the junctionof Station Road and Main Road.P6.11 K6 Phonebox near the junction of StationRoad and Main Road.28


7.0 THE RELATIONSHIP OFSTRUCTURES AND SPACESGeneral7.1 Part of the special interest of Hathersagelies in its setting on the b ottom of the Derwe ntValley and within the cleft of The Dal e,surrounded on all sides by hills. This means thatfrom alm ost any lo cation within th e village, hill scan be seen above or b etween the buildings,providing a green ba ckdrop to the stonework.The Parish Church of St. Michael and All Angelssits higher up the hill on B ank Top, as a result ofwhich its tall spire can b e glimpsed a bove andbetween b uildings in many pa rts of theConservation Area.7.2 There is a distinct difference in characterbetween the eastern end and western end of theConservation Area: the eastern e nd extendsfrom the historic core on Church Bank and B ankTop and wit hin T he Dale, to the Pa rish Roomand th e M ethodist Chu rch ent rance on M ainRoad; the western end i ncludes the rest of theConservation Area, in cluding the Mill Lane an dBarnfields area at the south-western corner. Theremainder of this sectio n, therefo re, a ddressesthe two areas separately, to simplify description;the ea stern end i s separated into th e histo riccore and the east end of Main Road.Eastern end of the Conservation AreaHistoric Core7.3 The Church of St. Michael and All Angelsis a key focal point withi n the histori c co re ofHathersage, with the tall spire visible from muchof the eastern end of the Conservation Area. Thetall mill chimney at the bottom of The Dal emirrors the spi re at t he top, a nd the twostructures provide symmetry and frame thehistoric core between them.P7.1 The church & mill chimney frame thehistoric core7.4 The p redominance of l ocal buildingmaterials an d the verna cular scal e an d style ofbuildings in th is pa rt o f th e Co nservation Ar eamean that t he histo ric core of the settlementblends comfortably i nto the surroundinglandscape, with buff-coloured gritstone walls andbrown/grey roofs creatin g a fairly uniform col ourpalette throughout.7.5 In most pla ces the lan es are ed ged bystone walls, either boundary walls or the wall s ofthe buildi ngs themselves. The se stone wallsprovide a continuity that links the b uildings an dspaces thro ugh the historic core of thesettlement.7.6 There is no con sistent orientatio n o fbuildings and no regular layout within the historiccore. The area therefore has an informality to itscharacter. Properties clu ster hap hazardly upChurch Bank towards the church at the top of thehill, with differing orientations and heightsproviding variety to the scene. The Dal e bottomis characterised b y sh ort te rraces o f tw o- o rthree-storey cottages facing the road o n its northside, with the larger-scale buildings, including theformer mill building and the Scotsman’s Pack Innon the south side, p resenting larg ely b lank sideelevations to the lane.P7.2 Variety of orientations and heights ofproperties on Church Bank7.7 Bank T op i s characte rised by lon g-ranging views of the surro unding hills across therooftops of properties fu rther down the hill andpanoramic views to the west from the car park bythe church.7.8 The church i s p ositioned on the hig hestpoint of the ridge at Bank Top and dominates thenorth-eastern edge of the Con servation Area,blocking views to the so uth from the car p ark.The old Vi carage is also a domi nant featurehere, bl ocking views to t he we st; its frontagefaces away from the publi c domain, so t hat onlyits rear and side elevations are visible, giving it astrong sen se of privacy. Eastwo od House i slocated to the east within its own gro unds, and ispartially hidden behind mature trees, so that fromthe ca r p ark only its chim ney sta cks are visi bleabove the tre es. The re is a feeling of seclu sionand tranquillity here, with a sense of being in the29


countryside rather tha n o n the edg e of a fairlylarge rural settlement.7.12 Church Bank opens out just to the southeastof the chu rch lych gate, an d is thennarrowed i mmediately beyond this by theboundary wall to Bank Top Cottages. As a result,the no rth si de of the boundary wall to thesecottages forms a physi cal and visual separationbetween the chu rch are a and the rest of thehistoric core.7.13 Church Bank twists and turns as it climbsup the hill, narrowi ng at points, so that there arenumerous pi nch-points, with blocke d a nd op enviews, framed views and glimpses of views. Thiscreates a sense of expe ctation and anticipationalong the route in both directions.7.14 From further down Church Bank, the millbuilding and tall chimney of the fo rmer Dale Millcome into vi ew above the rooftop s of Eastwoo dCottages, with the hill immediately to the south ofThe Dale forming a green backdrop.P7.3 Trees form a dark tunnel on Church Bank7.9 Camp Green has little impact on th eConservation Area, as mu ch of it is now woo dedand it is contained within the gardens of privateresidences.7.10 The tre es li ning the east sid e of thechurchyard and the west side of th e boundary toEastwood House form a da rk tunn el alo ngChurch Ban k durin g the summer m onths. Thelane drops downhill to either side of the tree-linedsection, so that light can be seen at each en d,providing a hint of the views beyond and creatinga sense of expectation.7.11 The cobbled lane l eading up to th echurch leads the eye towards what was originallythe village g reen, now a private garden, with thechurch spire framed between the buildings of theformer Bell Inn at the top of the hill. T here areextensive vie ws of the hi lls to th e south an dsouth-west over the ga rden walls of t he formerBell Inn (now Old Bell House).P7.5 Former Dale Mill building above rooftops7.15 From the to p of Hungry Lan e, tree salong The Dal e rise above the ro oftops,enclosing th e built environment, blu rring a ndsoftening the edge betwe en the settle ment andthe surrounding landscape.P7.6 Trees along The Dale soften the edgebetween settlement and landscapeP7.4 Church framed between the former Bell Innbuildings7.16 Rock House is situate d b elow eye lev elat the junction between Church Bank and HungryLane, so tha t its chimney s a nd roof stand o utagainst the g reen ba ckdrop of the hill s beyon d.The continuous wall al ong the no rth si de of30


Church Bank here, tog ether with th e rear wall ofRock Ho use its elf, create a p inch-point a t thebend i n the road b elow Rock Hou se, closing inviews d own the lane a nd framing vie ws of thehills to the south.in the road t o its west, prevent views ahead onentry into the Conservation Area from here.7.21 The Arts and Crafts style of theScotsman’s Pack In n is i n marked contrast, botharchitecturally and vi sually, with t he mo retraditional styles a nd mate rials th rough the re stof the historic core.7.22 Entering Th e Dale from the so uth-west,the road b ends roun d to the back of theScotsman’s Pack, p reventing views a head.Trees on th e north si de of Chu rch Ba nk fu rtherobscure views and give the impre ssion of a rurallane leaving the settleme nt, rather tha n leadingup to the oldest part of the village.P7.7 Pinch-point and framed views on ChurchBank7.17 There a re framed vie ws of the chu rchspire from the bottom o f The Dale, betwee nbuildings an d above roofs. From the bottom ofHungry Lane, the heavily rusticated stonework toRock House contrasts with the plain lines of thechurch spire visible n ext to it. The orn ate gatepiers to Ro ck House al so co ntrast with thesimple g ritstone wall s whi ch ed ge the lanes toeither side.P7.9 Blocked views on entering The Dale fromthe south-west7.23 From the b ottom of Church Bank, thereare no views into the main commercial centre ofthe settlement and the vie w ahead is dominatedby the hills to the south-west, which soften thetwin gables of the school building.P7.8 Rusticated stonework to Rock House nextto the church spire.7.18 At the north -eastern bo undary of th eConservation Area, th e built enviro nment thin sout an d a ppears seamlessly to me rge into thetrees further along The Dale.7.19 The forme r mill building and East woodCottages a re position ed e dge-on to th e back ofthe pavemen t, enclosi ng the roa d he re. Thesebuildings together provide a gateway into and outof the Conservation Area along The Dale.7.20 The north-east corner of the mill buildi ngjuts into the road and this, together with the bendEast end of Main Road7.24 At the bottom of Schoo l Lane, Mai nRoad bend s sharply to the so uth-east beyondthe Co nservation Area boundary, so t hat viewsfrom the west terminate in the g rassy slope th atrises imme diately beyond the edge of theConservation Area here. The historic s eparationbetween the settleme nt and it s surroun dinglandscape can be clearly seen here.7.25 From the eastern edge of theConservation Area, Mill Bank Court dominatesthe view ah ead, ap pearing to tower over thebuildings furt her do wn th e hill on the oppositeside of Main Road, helping to frame views of thedistant hill s above thei r rooftops. Its positionedge-on to t he ba ck of the pavem ent helps toaccentuate it s d ominant presence in the streetscene.7.26 Buildings lin e both side s of the ro adhere, and are typically ori ented to fa ce onto theroad, po sitioned edge-on to the ba ck of th epavement, o r with bo undary wall s ed ging theback of the pavement. Thi s provides a degree ofenclosure at the e astern end of Mai n Road,31


accentuated by the relative narroroad here.wness of thetermination to the south side of the road, with thehills beyond forming a backdrop.P7.12 View ahead is closed in and terminates ina wall of treesP7.10 Mill Bank Court appears to tower overbuildings down the hill7.27 Although development along Main Roadis line ar, sli ght bend s in t he ro ad at it s ea sternend mea n that building s appe ar to jut into theroad in places, rest ricting views of buildingsfurther d own the road a nd adding vari ety to thevista when moving from east to west.7.28 Main Road runs downhill beyondTopcroft so t hat there a re long-ranging views ofthe hills to t he west an d south-west over therooftops of properties fu rther down t he ro ad.From the e ast, these vie ws a re fra med by thegable end of Topcroft, whic h faces up the road.The rend ered fronta ge of Broo k Cotta ge at thebottom of the hill fa ces up Main Road,terminating the vista from the east.P7.11 Topcroft frames views of hills7.29 From Morley Lodge, the view to the eastis closed in by a series of ga ble ends offsetbehind ea ch other alon g the no rth side of themain roa d, and by the north-east corne r ofTopcroft, angled in towards the road, so that theview ahea d appe ars to termin ate in the wall oftrees above Hall Farm. The tall Mill Bank Courtbuilding, at the top of the hill, provides a visual7.30 The long-standing agricultural complexeswhich, until recently, made a significantcontribution to the histori c ch aracter a ndappearance of the main route throughHathersage, have now bee n converted toresidential use. Ibbot son’s Fa rm was the mo stcentral of the histori c farms, and its buil dings aremore p rominent in the street scene, being setcloser to the roa d ed ge t han the othe r form erfarm com plexes. The main farm buildings,converted si nce the Conservation A rea wasdesignated, now retain o nly a few fe atures todisclose th eir agri cultural origins and the g ableends of the forme r b arn at the western end,which was o riginally p ositioned edge on to theroad itself, were foreshortened to make way for apavement, reducing the sense of enclosure here.Although th ese changes have la rgely rem ovedthe histo ric agri cultural cha racter of theConservation Area at thi s point, the main farmbuildings still retain their hi storic physi calrelationship to the publi c domain, facing the roadand positioned close to its edge.7.31 The former Hathe rsage Inn and MillBank buildings are considerably larger than mostof the buildin gs ne arby a nd further to t he ea st,but s till reflec t the loc al v ernacular, constructedusing local m aterials, in a traditional style. As aresult, these buildings sit harmoniously within thestreet scen e. In contra st, the e arly t wentiethcentury Nat West Ban k building i s constructedusing large ashlar blocks of stone and its scale,style and d etailing do not follow t he localvernacular, so that it do minates views along theroad in both dire ctions, adding a sub urban towncentre element in sharp contrast to the traditionalvernacular of the settlement.7.32 The gable end to the fo rmer barn at th ewestern en d of Ibbot son’s Fa rm and the tallNatWest building on th e so uth side of MainRoad, together frame views through to the westside of the Conservation Area and the hillsbeyond.32


these more historic and undeveloped parts of thevillage and the settlement’s historic core.P7.13 Former barn and NatWest Bank frameviews to the west7.33 Besom La ne and Baul k Lan e retainmuch of thei r historic character, still displayingthe overall form visi ble o n the 1 880 OrdnanceSurvey Map (Fig ure 6 ), creating a triang ularstreet layo ut with the M ain Ro ad. T he largelyblank re ar wall of th e fo rmer ba rn to th eHathersage Inn encl oses Besom la ne on itssouth si de, separating it visually and physicallyfrom the m ain ro ad. T his, togeth er with thenarrowness of the lane , its cob bled floortreatment and the traditio nal orientation of Ban kCottages fa cing o n to th e ed ge of the la ne,enables this area to repre sent the histori ccharacter of the pla ce m ore authentically thanthe twe ntieth century -influenced pa rts of th eConservation Area further to the west.P7.15 Church spire glimpsed from Besom Lane7.35 On Baulk Lane The Cottage, Ha llCottage and the barn to its rear all face south, sothat their frontages are visible when approachingfrom the main co mmercial ce ntre of thesettlement a nd their rear elevations a re visibl ewhen ap proaching from t he no rth, wit h larg elyblank gable ends presented to the lane itself.7.36 The high wall to the side elevation of theformer Hathersage Inn and the side elevations ofMorley Lo dge, enclo se th e south end of BaulkLane, framing its junction with Main Road.7.37 Looking east towards Besom Lan e fromthe Pari sh Room on M ain Road, a se ries ofgable ends a nd chimney stacks fram e views ofthe hills to the east.P7.14 Besom Lane retains its historic character7.34 As in the historic core area, Besom Laneand Baul k L ane a re characteristically edge d bystone walls, either boundary walls or the wall s ofthe buildings themselves. These run from Baul kLane to fol low th e n orthern e dge of theConservation Area aro und the bounda ry of HallFarmhouse a nd Hath ersage Hall to Bank To p.This p rovides a co ntinuity linking the building sand spaces of the histo ric core of the settlementto the histori c are a aro und Baulk an d BesomLane. The church spire can be glim psed fromthis a rea, re inforcing the con nection betwe enP7.16 Framed views of hills from the ParishRoom7.38 The ro w of building s incl uding the PostOffice, positioned front-on to the lane and angledaway fro m Main Road, l ead the eye along th elane to the older properties o n Beso m Lane,although the promi nent NatWest Ba nk buil dingon the corner dimi nishes the imp act of this an d33


overpowers Bank Cottages in terms of scale andmassing.Western end of the Conservation Area7.39 To the west of the ent rance to th eMethodist Ch urch, the historic character of th eConservation Area has bee n dimi nished bytwentieth ce ntury develo pment, reb uilding an dinfill. The t wentieth century development s on thesouth side of the road now occupy an area thatwas still mo stly open l and a s re cently as the1930s (se e Section 3, p hotograph 3.5). Th emodern world dominates here, with the extensiveforecourt of the pet rol station contrasting starklywith the more traditional properties on the northside of the road to the west of The Croft. Tarmacdominates here and at the entrance to The Croft,with a large area of hard su rfacing in front of theParish Room also contributing to the reduction inhistoric character in this pa rt of the Conservatio nArea.Area. Together these frame the western exit fromthe main commercial centre of the village.P7.18 Front-facing gables frame the western exitfrom the main commercial centre7.43 The bla ck-painted bell -tower to th eEducation Centre i s an i nteresting a rchitecturalfeature, silhouetted a gainst the green backdropof surrounding trees and hills when viewed fromboth east and west.P7.17 Petrol Station forecourt contrasts starklywith more traditional properties across the road7.40 To the west of The Crofts, the no rth sideof Main Road still retai ns element s of thesettlement’s traditional histori c streetscap e:buildings are con structed u sing t raditionalmaterials, largely in the local verna cular styleand o riented to face the roa d, with onl yoccasional, sm all spaces b reaking thecontinuous building lin e; the Royal Bank ofScotland a nd the Georg e Hotel are p ositionededge o n to the ba ck of the pavem ent and thesmaller buildi ngs to ea st and we st of the Bankare set b ack a short d istance b ehind sto neboundary walls, which themselves edge the backof the pavement.7.41 Looking ea st from this part of theConservation Area th e la rge, twentiet h centuryNatWest b uilding is prominent in t he streetscene, domi nating the smaller, old er, moretraditional verna cular b uildings nearby. Th ebuilding interrupts the softer line of the hill risingto the e ast, which would otherwise have formeda backdrop to the vista from here.7.42 Looking west, the front-facing g ables ofthe Royal Ba nk of Scotla nd mirror tho se of theGeorge Hotel, the Educa tion Ce ntre and theYouth Ho stel, just outsi de the ConservationP7.19 Trees form a backdrop to the EducationCentre Bell-tower7.44 The jun ction of Station Road and Mai nRoad is particularly wide, with broad pavements,so that the dominant element in the street sceneis tarmac.7.45 The George Hotel is a prominent featurewhen ente ring the Conservation Area fromStation Road. Its rebuilding in the early twentiethcentury in creased its foot print considerably a ndreduced it s hi storical and architecturalcoherence, so that it spread s a cross a nextensive area at the bottom of the hill on M ainRoad, dominating the street scene here.7.46 The Hood Broo k, of histori calsignificance to the in dustrial development of thesettlement from the begin ning of the n ineteenth34


century, now ha s little impact on theConservation Area, a s it i s hidden from view o nthe south side of the road.7.47 The bend in the road near the entranceto Barnfield s prevents v iews into the maincommercial centre of the settlement from thewestern boundary to the Conservation Area. Thegable end of The Cottage, set at a slight angle tothe back of the paveme nt, with its north-we stcorner proje cting towa rds the ben d in t he ro ad,prevents vie ws to wards the boun dary fromfurther east.7.48 The only element of the forme r BarnfieldWorks that h as a n impa ct on the ConservationArea on entering from t he west, is the tallchimney, as the mill buildings are set at a lowerlevel, down a long, en closed d rive. From here,hills a ppear above rooftops in mo st d irections,although the hills to the south, visibl e above theroofs of the mill buildings, are now dominated bytwentieth century development.7.49 The rem aining se ction of the Atla sWorks, pa rtially hidden at the re ar of theEducation Centre, retain s its ninetee nth ce nturyindustrial appearance, contrasting with the mo remodern b uilding in front o f it in both h eight an darchitectural style. The building, together with thenineteenth century industrial terrace at DowningRow on the other sid e of Main Road, are asignificant re minder of Hathersag e’s i ndustrialinheritance.7.50 Looking do wn Main Road f rom t heEducation Centre, the road ahe ad seem s todisappear into the hills that lie directly to the eastof the Conservation Area boundary.P7.20 View east from the Education Centre7.51 Higger Tor can b e glim psed thro ugh agap in the hills above the roof of Cliffe Cottage,when ente ring the Conservation Area fromJaggers L ane. There is n o view into t he rest ofthe Co nservation Area f rom here an d the ga bleends of Cliff e Cottag e a nd Downing Cottagecreate a gateway int o an d out of theConservation Area, frami ng views of the hills tothe south-east.P7.21 Higger Tor above the rooftop of CliffeCottage7.52 St. Michael’ s Rom an Catholic Church ,set at the bo ttom of a long, tree-lin ed drive, isalmost entirely hidden from the public domain.7.53 The cluster of small buildi ngs at Elliottsand Brook Cottage are dwarfed by the Little JohnHotel and E ducation Ce ntre, whi ch rise ab ovetheir roofs to the south and west respectively.7.54 The ga ble e nd of the fo rmer barn t oHathersage House, toget her with Ba nk Hou sejust outside the Co nservation Area an d the LittleJohn Hotel, act a s a visu al gateway o ut of theConservation Area, with the inn preve nting viewssouth alo ng Station Ro ad from it s ju nction withMain Road.7.55 Oddfellows Ro w, ju st outside theConservation Area, is po sitioned at right-anglesto Station Road, facing south. Altho ugh no wbarely visi ble from the publi c do main, thisindustrial te rrace pre-date s some of t he oth erterraces nearby, in cluding tho se within theBarnfield Mill complex and can be seen standingalone alongside Station Road and surrounded byfields on the 1880 Ordnance Survey Map (Figure6). The te rrace i s impo rtant as a relict o fHathersage’s indust rial pa st, as well a s havingassociations with the Oddfellows Society.7.56 Mill Lane is edged by the Hood Brook onits western side. Trees on the further bank of thestream, together with the tall, relatively blank rearelevation of the Little John Hotel, en close thelane a nd p revent views of the rest of thesettlement to the east. The tall chimney ofBarnfield Mill can b e gli mpsed from here, butlends a neglected feel to the Conservation Areaat this point, as it app ears slightly dilapidated,with trees growing out of the top. This area, oncefull of noisy, dirty indust rial activity, now lie squietly at the e dge of the settlement, thedominant sound that of the stream.35


P7.22 Mill Lane36


8.0 GREEN AND OTHER NATURALLANDSCAPE FEATURES8.1 The distinctive character of Hathersage isnot solely de rived from bu ildings. Trees, hedges,gardens, enclosed fields and other green spacesmake an important contribution to the historic andaesthetic quality. Gene rally spe aking, trees a ndhedgerows are inte gral to rural ConservationAreas as they form enclosures, screen structuresand are part of the hi storic landscape. They alsohelp mai ntain ru ral character and p rovide aharmonious t ransition fro m open countryside t obuilt environment.8.2 The <strong>Authority</strong>’s Landscape Strategy an dAction Plan (LSAP 2009) identifies Hathersageas bei ng lo cated within the Derwe nt Valley.More specifically it stra ddles two l andscapecharacter type s; Va lley Far mlands with Villa gesand Slo pes and Vall eys with Woodland. Anextract from the LSAP m ap for Hathersage isshown below, the bright green section i s locatedin Valley Farmlan ds with Villages a nd Slope sand the dark green areas are lo cated in Slopesand Valleys with WoodlandP8.1 Extract from the LSAP Map showing theLandscape Category Boundaries relevant toHathersage8.3 The m ajority of the Conservation Areaalong Mai n Road b elongs to the ValleyFarmlands and Villages category. T he LSAPdescribes thi s a s ‘ settled pasto ral l andscape,often with a low-lying topography associated witha network of streams and damp hollows. This isan e nclosed land scape, with vie ws filteredthrough scat tered h edgerows a nd tree -linedstreams. G ritstone-built villages with outlyingfarms and dwellings are set within small tomedium fiel ds that are often b ound byhedgerows.’8.4 The LSAP states that ‘Mixed hedgesinclude hawthorn, blackthorn, hazel and holly asthe main species. Ash and Oak are the principaltree species, giving way to willow and alder inthe wetter areas whilst on drie r groun d bra ckenand Birch ca n be found’. Alder an d Wi llow canboth be found growing alongside Hood Brook, onMill Lane, but other species are also present.P8.2 Trees and ivy alongside Hood Brook, MillLane8.5 The area s a round St Michael’ s Rom anCatholic Chapel, Camp Green an d The Dale fallwithin th e Sl opes a nd V alleys with Woodlandlandscape category. The LSAP descri bes thisas ‘A pastoral landscape with interlocking blocksof anci ent a nd second ary woodl and. On th etops of stee per sl opes gritstone ed ges withboulder slo pes below are a promine nt featureand there are patches of semi-improved and acidgrasslands with bra cken o n stee per slo pes.’ Itgoes on to ide ntify the main tree species as Ashand Oa k an d states that , ‘There is o ften goodwoodland ground flora reflectin g continuouswoodland cover for hundreds of years’.8.6 Hathersage Conservation Area i s n ottypical of these landscape types, largely becausethe settleme nt expande d significantly durin g thenineteenth a nd twentieth centu ries. As aconsequence, Hathersa ge co ntains a highpercentage of non -native o rnamental tre es.Conifers are particularly common, an d some ofthe more-m ature spe cimens a re li kely to havebeen planted in the nineteenth century.8.7 Evergreen specimen planting is typical ofthe Victo rian taste. Sp ecies would have bee nchosen for t heir picturesque qualities. It isimportant to note that many varietie s of co niferwould have been newly introdu ced to thiscountry from about 1 840 o nwards. The y woul dhave be en con sidered both ex otic an dfashionable. Good examp les can b e f ound atBank Top, p articularly around Eastwood Hou seand Cottage and St Michael’s church.8.8 St Mic hael’s churchyard contains somegood specimens of matu re trees including Lime,Holly a nd Y ew, some of whi ch ap pear to bemarked on t he 1 880 O rdnance Surv ey map.One of the Hollies is a weeping variety and someof the Yews are clipped and shaped.39


8.12 Conifer, (which is not a native species) isthe pred ominant hedgi ng sp ecies in theConservation Area. Ivy is prevalent inHathersage, often cove ring g arden wall s, sodense in places, particularly at Ban k Top, that itis he dge-like. Ivy is also fou nd as self-setundergrowth in heavily wooded areas like CampGreen, The Dale and Mill Lane.P8.3 Evergreen trees, St Michael’s churchyardand Eastwood House8.9 There are some quite d ense are as ofmixed spe cies tree planting within theConservation Area, n otably near The Pinfold onSchool Lane, Camp Green, along The Dale, MillLane a nd surroun ding St Michael’ s RomanCatholic Church.8.10 The garden to Hathersage Hall i s ofparticular historic interest, although it is not opento the p ublic, or vi sible f rom th e street. Thegarden ap pears to d ate from the ea rly to mideighteenthcentury. The trend at this time wa s toenclose ga rdens and keep nature, wh ich wasfeared, at bay. A comm on design was to h avecompartmentalised gardens often divided intoquarters, each having a di stinct purpose such aswater featu re or fish pond, an o rchard, avegetable g arden and an orn amental flowe rgarden. At Hathersage Hall much of the originalstructure remains, including forcing walls for fruitgrowing, a pavilion a nd eviden ce o f a watergarden, and an orchard. Ordnance Survey mapof 1898 clearly shows these features (Figure 7).8.11 Hathersage Hall contain s someparticularly good examp les of matu re mixe dspecies probably d ating from the nineteenthcentury, but not as old as the garden structure.P8.5 Ivy growing over walls at Bank Top8.13 There is no large publi c open spacewithin the Conservation Area, with the exceptionof the churchyard. Public footpaths around CampGreen allow access to open gre en spa ce butmost of thi s is o utside t he Conservation Are aboundary. The main area s of public o pen spaceare outside the Conservation Area boundary, andinclude the Cricket Ground off Baulk Lane and theRecreation Groun d off Cro ssland Road,Oddfellows Road and Back Lane.8.14 There is a small publi c space on Mai nRoad near Hall Farm whi ch co ntains a woodenseat, a litter bin and some planting.P8.6 Small public space on the Main Road nearHall Farm.P8.4 Hathersage Hall garden on the 1898Ordnance Survey map8.15 Areas of mi xed tree pl anting o utsideHathersage Conservation Area make a positive40


contribution to the setting of the village,enhancing views out.8.16 It should be noted that the impact ofdeciduous trees o n the Con servation Areachanges thro ughout the year. Tree s in full leafgive an a rea a differe nt cha racter to barebranches which allow more open views.P8.7 Gorse Piece Plantation viewed from BankTop8.17 There are no SSSIs within HathersageConservation Area. However there are known tobe bat roosts in the village and bats are a legallyprotected species. Th ere are also some rarespecies of plant growi ng along Hood Broo k.The Autho rity’s Natu ral Environme nt Teamshould be contacted if works are proposed whichwould have implications for bats or plant life nearHood Brook.41


9.0 CONSERVATION AREA SETTING9.1 The <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> Lan dscape Strategyand A ction Plan (LSAP, 2009) locatesHathersage within th e Derwent Vall ey regio nallandscape character are a, which include s theHope Va lley. T he Conservation Ar ea straddlestwo di stinct l andscape character type s: ChurchBank, The Dale and the east end of Main Roadlie within the Slopes a nd Valleys with Woodlandlandscape type; the rest of the Conservatio nArea lies within the Valley Farmlands withVillages landscape type, although other parts ofthe settlement to the n orth-west and south-east,outside the Conservation Area, lie within Slopesand Valleys with Woodland. The Ea stern Moorsregional landscape character area lies just to thenorth-east, with the gritstone ed ges th atcharacterise this a rea, i ncluding Sta nage Edg e,visible above the settlement wh en vie wed fro mthe hills to the south-west of the village.9.2 A key feature of the Derwent Valley is itsrivers (LSAP, 2009). Two of the River Derwent’stributaries – The Dale an d Hood Brooks - passthrough the Hathe rsage Con servation Area andhave ha d a significant inf luence o n its histori caldevelopment, as a small-scale in dustrial centre,from the l ate eightee nth t o the e arly t wentiethcentury.9.3 The Slope s and Valleys with Wo odlandlandscape type i s steeply slo ping an d pa storal,with perman ent pasture in small fields enclosedby hedg es o r gritston e wa lls, irregula r blocks ofancient an d se condary woo dland, narro w,winding lan es and gritstone-built village s withloose c lusters of dwe llings (LSAP, 2009). Someof these feature s ca n be see n within The Dal eand on Church Bank.9.4 The Valley Farml ands with Villageslandscape type i s a lo w-lying, settled pa storallandscape, with a rollin g, in pla ces undulatingtopography, asso ciated with t he lower-lyingground of the Derwe nt Valley and its tributaries(LSAP, 2009), notably the Dale and Hood Brookswithin the Hathersage Conservation Area.9.5 From outside the settlement, the o nlystructure within the Con servation A rea that ca nbe clearly seen from mo st directions is the spireof St. Mic hael’s Church. Historically, this wouldhave b een the only clearly visi ble structuresignalling the existence of the settlement whenapproaching from afar. Now, most views into th esettlement a re domin ated by the twentiethcentury d evelopments su rrounding theConservation Area.9.6 From no rth of Baul k L ane, just outsi dethe Co nservation Area , the differentiatio nbetween the two landscape character types canbe clearly seen, with the hills to the south-east,within th e Sl opes a nd V alleys with Woodlandarea, ri sing a bove the lower-lyin g prop erties o n43the north side of Main Road, within tFarmlands with Villages area.he ValleyP9.1 Slopes & Valleys with Woodland rise aboveValley Farmlands with Villages9.7 To th e n orth-east o f th e C onservationArea permanent pasture in small fields, enclosedby gritston e wall s, can be see n ri sing up theslopes beyo nd the villa ge to wards Stanag eEdge. Thi s is a typical ch aracteristic of th eSlopes an d Valleys with Wo odland l andscapetype.9.8 The hill s to the so uth-west provid e th emost exten sive view of t he settlemen t and itssetting, with Stanage visi ble to the n orth. Thechurch spire can be clearly identified a bove thebuildings through the re st of the village. Theextensive twentieth century dev elopmentsaround the settlement, however, make it difficultto determi ne the boun dary to the Con servationArea, so that it is not cle ar which buil dings fallwithin the Conservation Area a nd which falloutside its boundary.P9.2 Hathersage from the south-west9.9 The m odern developments to the no rthwestof the Conservation Area dominate views ofthe settlement when vie wed from the n orth-east,with the church spire vi sible in the fo regroundand the L afarge Cement Works, near Castleton,visible in the distance.9.10 Approaching the Conservation Area fromHathersage Booths, the former Dale Mill chimneyand mill buil ding can be see n low down withinthe cleft of T he Dale to the north, a reminder ofthe indu strial histo ry of Hathersag e. In cont rast,the pari sh church and a few su rrounding


uildings are also visibl e on the top of the hillahead, reflecting the more ancient pre-industrialhistory of the settlement.P9.5 View form the north-westP9.3 Views of The Dale and Bank Top whenapproaching from Hathersage Booths9.11 Looking to wards the Conservation A reafrom the north, the parish church and churchyardappear to be at a lowe r level, the rise of ChurchBank b arely visible, with t he hill s to th e so utheastformi ng a backdrop to the chu rch. Th elower-lying Dale Bottom is only identifiable by thedense lin e o f trees which app ears b ehind th echurch spire.P9.4 View form the north9.12 From the n orth-west, Higger Tor can beseen ri sing above the church spire. Th e forme rVicarage can be clea rly seen in fro nt of thechurch from here, its bou ndary wall s forming aclear edge to the Conservation Area.44


10.0 PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THECONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY10.1 The existi ng Con servation Areaboundary currently exclu des Od dfellows Ro wand Bank House, on Station Road. Th e proposalis to extend the Conservation Area to includ ethese properties within its boundary (see Figure12). Th e extensi on follo ws the exi sting physi calboundary th at en closes Oddfell ows Ro w andBank House, as marked on the current OrdnanceSurvey map.10.2 Although Oddfellows Row is now barelyvisible from the publi c d omain, thi s terrace i simportant as a relict of Hathe rsage’s industri alpast, as wel l as having associations with theOddfellows Society.10.3 On the 18 80 Ord nance Survey Ma p(Figure 6 ), Oddfello ws Row can be see nstanding alone and surrou nded by field s, just tothe ea st of Station Ro ad. It dates fro m aroundthe middle of the ninete enth centu ry an d, alongwith Downing Ro w which is in cluded w ithin theexisting Conservation Are a bou ndary, is on e ofthe earliest nineteenth century industrial terracesstill remaining in Hathersage.10.4 The Oddfellows Society is known to havebought a plot of land in the middle of Ha thersagein the late se venteenth century, where they builta row of cottages with allotments and somecommon grazing land; although the cottages nolonger exist, allotments can still be seenimmediately to the sout h-east of O ddfellowsRow, on t he 1 930s aerial ph otograph ofHathersage (see Section 3, photograph 3.5).Part of the Oddfellows land was later divided intobuilding plots, let to memb ers of the Society andthe Oddfellows lent them the money to build theirown houses (p eaklandheritage.org.uk). T heHope Valley Oddfellows were established in1736 a nd a re one of th e olde st local Bran chFriendly Soci eties in the U.K. The a ssociationwith the O ddfellows S ociety add s to thesignificance of Oddfell ows Row in th e histo ry ofHathersage.10.5 Bank Hou se dates from t he e nd of th enineteenth century and can be seen o n the 1898Ordnance Survey map, at the weste rn end ofOddfellows Row. Th e no rth end of the buildin gwas origi nally a shop, and its larg e, arch edground-floor window i s in itself of architecturalinterest. The property is of some significance asa hi storical remnant of t he thrivin g n ineteenthcentury industrial settlement and provides a linkbetween the more historically importantOddfellows Ro w and th e nineteenth centurydevelopments within the Con servation Area tothe west.P3.1 Oddfellows Row (front)P3.2 Oddfellows Row (rear)P3.2 Oddfellows Row with outside privies to rearP3.3 Bank House45


11.0 POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT11.1 The intention in this Section is to examinethe spe cial character a nd appe arance of theConservation Area and identify opport unities forimprovements.11.2 In 1981 a Con servation AreaManagement Plan was d rawn up for Hathersageby the then <strong>Peak</strong> Pa rk Joint Planning Board andthe Parish Council, in collaboration with the localcommunity. This led to a number ofimprovements being ca rried out, including: treeplanting in vario us site s and refu rbishing theMemorial street lamp in the early 1980s; repavingin front of Bank Cottages at Besom L ane a ndimproving th e forme r p etrol statio n site atDowning Row in 1984; improvements to footpathsat Barnfield and bet ween the chu rch and Baul kLane in 1 986; landsca ping the roa dside vergenear Hath ersage Hall in 1988; a nd p roviding anew footpath link between the car park and MainRoad in 1990.11.3 In 2005 the Hathersag e and Outsea tsVillage Plan was drawn up by the Hathersage andOutseats Vi llage Plan Steering Group, inconjunction with the Pea k Di strict <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong><strong>Authority</strong> and Derbyshi re Rural CommunityCouncil, u nder the Countryside Agen cy’s ‘VitalVillages’ Initiative. A number of furtherenvironmental improvements and social/businessobjectives were ide ntified, sh owing furthe rchange to the community’s priorities and aimed atdeveloping a nd en hancing the village’ s spe cialcharacter. A key aim is to improve public highwayspaces alo ng Main Roa d and conn ecting roa dsthrough the village, for rea sons of both amenityand safety, by reducing the impact of car parkin gon impo rtant village spa ces and by redu cingtraffic speeds. The Plan also ide ntified a numberof key enh ancements for the st reet scen e,including reduced road signage, permanent floraldisplays, Chri stmas trees and l ights o ncommercial and publi c buildin gs. The mainproposal is t o enh ance t he pu blic space at theParish Room s to provide a focal-point for thevillage centre . The Village Centre G roup is indiscussion with the <strong>Authority</strong>, Derbyshire Dal es<strong>District</strong> Co uncil, Derbyshi re County Co uncil an dHathersage Pa rish C ouncil w ith a vie w toproducing a n enh ancement and im provementplan for the new village centre.11.4 A review of the Village Plan in September2007 identified the n eed for additional long- andshort-term car parks.11.5 Successful projects ha ve relied o npartnerships between the commu nity, theHathersage and O utseats Village Plan Steeringgroup through 6 specialised sub groups, the <strong>Peak</strong><strong>District</strong> Nati onal <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong>, DerbyshireCounty Co uncil, D erbyshire Dale s Di strictCouncil, Harthersage a nd Out seats Pari shCouncils and the Police <strong>Authority</strong>.11.6 The Co nservation A rea is i ncomparatively good condition. The re are f ewneutral or ne gative area s or eleme nts requiringenhancement at the easte rn en d of theConservation Area, from the historic core on BankTop and within The Dale, to the Parish Room andthe Methodi st Church e ntrance o n Ma in Roa d.There are so me improve ments whi ch could bemade, however, if the op portunity was to arise; itshould be noted that the c haracter of this pa rt ofthe Hath ersage Con servation Are a cou ld ea silybe spoiled if it were to become over-manicured.11.7 Twentieth century developments and infillalong M ain Roa d, have red uced mu ch of thesettlement’s original historic form a ndappearance, and the extensive twentiet h centurydevelopments out side th e Co nservation Are aboundary have had a si gnificant impact on itssetting, un dermining th e histo ric boundarybetween the settlement and its surroun dinglandscape. In order to retain what remains of theConservation Area’s hi storic me rit and integrity,special care should be ta ken to en sure that anyfurther chan ges o r deve lopments prese rve orenhance the speci al histori cal and archite cturalcharacter and interest of the Con servation Area,as defined in detail within t his Conservation AreaAppraisal, in order to prevent any further erosionof the area’s special historic interest.11.8 A number of key are as for improveme nthave al ready been ide ntified withi n th e VillagePlan (2005), as outlined in 11.3 a bove. Some ofthe issues mentioned above and below could beaddressed b y the <strong>Peak</strong> Dist rict Natio nal <strong>Park</strong><strong>Authority</strong> and/or De rbyshire Co unty Coun cil.Other item s would n eed to be addressed byprivate indi viduals an d in some case senhancement may not be achievable.Improving modern development11.9 The petrol st ation building and fore courton Main Road could be seen to have a neutral ornegative imp act on the histo ric ch aracter andappearance of the Co nservation A rea at thispoint. Any opportunities to enhance and improvethese elements would have a positive i mpact onthe Conservation Area.11.10 Most of the more re cent mod erndevelopments within the Conservat ion Areaboundary a re co nstructed usi ng sympatheticmaterials.11.11 The Ga rage on Main Road is not inkeeping with the local verna cular in terms ofarchitectural style and use of materials, and has aneutral to negative impact on the visualappearance of the Conservation Area.11.12 Any new d evelopment need s to b edesigned wit h ca re to e nsure that it doe s not47


detract from the characte r of the ConservationArea.11.13 Traditional st one bou ndary walls sho uldbe retai ned and where necessa ry repai red.Replacement with modern substitutes, forexample timber post and rail or concrete post andtimber boarded fences should be avoided. Worksto bound ary wall s within the Co nservation Areamay be entitled to gra nt-aid from the <strong>Authority</strong>,subject to the eligibility of the proposed work andthe availabil ity of re sources. For f urtherinformation on grants contact the CulturalHeritage Team (on 01629 816200), or refer to the<strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> Nation al Pa rk Auth ority’s web site(www.peakdistrict.gov.uk).Repairing historic buildings and structures11.14 Buildings within Hathe rsageConservation Area are in relatively goo dcondition. However, bu ildings n eed co ntinualmaintenance and rep airs. Listed and othe rhistoric properties in the Conservatio n Area maybe entitled to grant-aid from the <strong>Authority</strong>, subjectto the eligibility of the propo sed work and theavailability of resources. For further informationon grants contact the Cultural He ritage team (on01629 81 6200) or refer to the Pea k Di strict<strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong>’s website(www.peakdistrict.gov.uk).11.15 Unsympathetic alteration s and repai rscan have a detrimental i mpact on a property’saesthetic a nd stru ctural qu alities. Minor works,such as the installation of windows and doors thatare inappropriate in design and/or materials (e.g.u-pvc), or the use of cement-based mortars andstrap pointin g, soo n accu mulate an d erode thespecial character of a place. Within theHathersage Conservation Area, som e traditionalwindows a nd doo rs have been re placed withu-pvc, and this si gnificantly detracts from thecharacter and integrity of the settlement’s historicproperties. Any owne r wishing to re place anytype of wind ow should contact the A uthority’sCultural He ritage Team (o n 01629 81 6200) forfurther advice.11.16 The use of non-traditional materials, suchas concrete render and im ported and/or artificialmaterials, su ch as concrete roofing tiles an du-pvc should be avoided as this detracts from thehistoric character and a rchitectural quality of th ebuildings. T he use of m odern mate rials in n ewdevelopments within the Conservation Area willonly be considered in exceptional circumstances.In these instances, the materials and detailingshould be of a high quality.11.17 Unsympathetic extensions and ad ditionsto a traditio nal buildi ng may not onl y have anegative imp act on the histo ric qu ality of th ebuilding, but can also detract from the character ofthe Conservation Area at that point.11.18 The <strong>Authority</strong>’s Design Guide has furtherinformation o n material s, alterations, e xtensionsand en hancement to u nsympatheticdevelopments. See the <strong>Authority</strong>’s web site(www.peakdistrict.gov.uk) for further details.11.19 Unsympathetically lo cated mod ernfixtures on promine nt elevations an d roofs, suchas satellite dishes, roof-l ights, sola r panels andwind turbines, can quickly accumulate and have adetrimental i mpact on t he cha racter of theConservation Area. Please che ck with the<strong>Authority</strong>’s Planning Service (on 01 629 816200),before installing any such item.Protecting trees and shrubs11.20 Trees an d shru bs ma ke an essenti alcontribution to the character of Hathersage a ndtheir removal woul d h ave a neg ative i mpact onthe Co nservation Are a. Some h edgerows areprotected from destruction or dam age under theHedgerows Regulation 1 997. The T own a ndCountry Planning Act 1990 ma kes speci alprovision fo r trees in Conservation Are as whichare not the subje ct of Tree Prese rvation Orders:anyone proposing to cut down or carry out work toa tree, is requi red by legisl ation to give thePlanning <strong>Authority</strong> six weeks noti ce of theirintention to do so. The Autho rity’s TreeConservation O fficer sh ould be co ntacted ( on01629 81 6200) befo re a ny lopping o r felling oftrees, shrubs or hedge s takes place, and beforecarrying out any other work to hedges.Maintaining spaces and streetscape11.21 The op en p ublic space at the ParishRooms i s in a significan t location wi thin thecommercial centre of the village, on M ain Road.Improvements to the surfa ce treat ment andlandscaping in this area, as identifie d in theVillage Plan (2005; se e 11.3), shoul d have asignificant p ositive impa ct on the character a ndappearance of the Conservation Area.11.22 Improved surface tre atment an dlandscaping to other ope n spa ces al ong MainRoad, such as the garage forecourt and the areaaround the bus sto p, sh ould also si gnificantlyenhance the appea rance of the co mmercialcentre of the Conservation Area.11.23 Overhead teleph one wires have adetrimental impa ct at Church Bank a nd alongMain Road. The Conservation Area would benefitif these were laid underground.Conserving traditional paving11.24 There are a variety of floor su rfaces, oldand ne w, in the Con servation Area. Traditionaltreatments such a s stone kerbs, flag s and settssurvive in some areas, but the floor treatment to amajority of the pu blic realm comp rises ta rmac.The rein statement of gr itstone ke rbs should be48


encouraged.Improving street furniture11.25 The street furniture within t heConservation Area would be nefit fromco-ordination, particul arly the lamp standa rds.With the exception of the Grade II listed memorialstreetlight at Station Road, there is little of historicinterest or note, althou gh existing examples,whilst not ae sthetic, d o n ot signifi cantly detractfrom the character of the Conservation Area.11.26 More a ppropriately-designed streetlighting, better quality street furniture and reducedsignage, p articularly road si gns, shoul dsignificantly enha nce the appearan ce of theConservation Area.49


12.0 PLANNING POLICY12.1 The pla nning policy outlin ed belo w wa sapplicable a t the date of adoptio n of theConservation Ar ea Ap praisal. Alw ays check toensure that it is still current.12.2 The develo pment plan po licies affectin gthe Conservation Area include the East MidlandsRegional Plan 2009 and the saved policies of the<strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> Nation al <strong>Park</strong> Lo cal Pl an 20 01.Government has al so accepted that th e forme r<strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> Structu re Pl an re mains material i noffering context and explaining the intent of LocalPlan policies. This will remain the case until thenew Local Develo pment Frame work CoreStrategy is a dopted. Thi s is antici pated to be in2011.12.3 When d rawing up p olicies fo rConservation Areas, the <strong>Authority</strong> is inf ormed bythe Planning (Listed Buildings and ConservationAreas) Act 1990 and Planning Policy Statement5 (PPS 5): Planning for the Histori c Environment.The Autho rity aims to pre serve an d whe repossible enhance the character or appearance ofConservation Areas by the prevention of harmfuldevelopment under East Midlands Regional PlanPolicies 26 and 27 and Local Plan Policy LC5.12.4 Development within Con servation Are asis controll ed by the Plan ning (Liste d Buildingsand Conservation Area s) Act 1 990, t he To wnand Country Planning (Gen eral PermittedDevelopment) O rder 1 995 an d the Town andCountry Planning (Gen eral PermittedDevelopment) (Am endment) (No.2 ) (England)Order 2008. The re a re currently no Article 4Directions, removing certai n permitteddevelopment rights, i n the Hathersag eConservation Area. Assessme nt of anydevelopment proposals will take place within thecontext of approved d evelopment pla n poli ciesand this Conservation Area Appraisal.12.5 PPS 5 s ets out the Government’sobjectives for the histori c environment and thereasons for its conservation. PPS 5 is dominantin plan making and individual planning decisions.Through thi s planning p rocess we can identifyand define t he intere st a nd cha racter that thehistoric environment bri ngs to the area an dconserve that value. An area’s heritage can alsoprovide a reference poi nt for the de sign of n ewdevelopment. Asse ssment of any developme ntproposal will take place in the context of PPS 5policies a nd the dev eloper’s a ssessmentstatement on the effect on the historic asset.12.6 The Lo cal Plan has ide ntifiedHathersage as a Lo cal Plan Settlement (poli cyLC2). Local Plan Settlements are the main focu sfor develo pment within th e Nation al <strong>Park</strong>, suchas affordabl e hou sing, business d evelopmentand com munity facilities. Resid entialdevelopment nece ssary f or rel ocation of nonconformingu ses, or whi ch would e nhance thevalued characteristics of the Natio nal <strong>Park</strong>, maybe permitted in these areas.12.7 The whole of the Hathe rsageConservation Area i s iden tified within t he Lo calPlan as Re creation Zon e 2. Under Lo cal Planpolicy LR1 and in the Structure Plan, recre ationand tou rism-related d evelopment i s en couragedprovided that it is a ppropriate in fo rm, character,location and setting and will not have anunacceptable impact on the valuedcharacteristics of the a rea. Zone 2 uses includepicnic sites, small car pa rks and facilities linkedto wal king, cycling and riding, with th e re use ofexisting buildings preferred to new build.12.8 Land immediately west an d south of theConservation Area within the valley bottom i sclassed as Recreation Zone 1. Local Plan policyLR1 and the Structu re Pl an al so ap ply to thisarea and st ate that recreation and tourismrelateddevelopment is acceptable, but only if it isinformal, l ow im pact and ha s carefulmanagement. Thi s includes hostels, farmhouseaccommodation, wal king, cyclin g an d ridin groutes.12.9 There a re 29 li sted buildings a ndstructures in Hathersage Conservation Area (seeSection 1 3 for the detail ed list). Developme ntthat affects the cha racter of these historic assetsshall be a ssessed against nation al p olicy an dLocal Plan Policies LC6 and LC7. In addition, theproposed conversion of any building of historic orvernacular m erit within th e Co nservation Are awill have to take into consideration the points setout in policy LC8.12.10 There are 1 2 sites withi n or just out sideHathersage Conservation Area ide ntified in theDerbyshire County Coun cil’s Hi storicEnvironment Re cord (HE R) (Se e Se ction 3.2 ).Development that would affect these assets, orany other areas of archa eological pot ential, willonly be pe rmitted if in line with L ocal Pla nPolicies LC1 5 and L C16. Where dev elopmenthas been permitted, the developer will berequired to minimise its impa ct and, a sappropriate, to record, saf eguard and enha ncethe site s or feature s of spe cial im portance.Appropriate schem es for a rchaeologicalinvestigation, pri or to a nd du ring deve lopment,will also normally be required.12.11 A numbe r of sites in and aroun dHathersage Conservation Area are of region alimportance for thei r bi ological a nd wildlifeinterest. Lo cal Plan Pol icy LC17 st ates thatdevelopment which would detrimentally affect thevalue to wildlife will not be permitted, ot her thanin exceptional circumstances.12.12 It is possi ble that prote cted species, asidentified in the Wildlife and Countryside A ct1981 (as amende d), may b e found.50


Development pro posals may therefore re quirespecialised surveys, such as bat surveys, as partof a plan ning appli cation. Buildings and tre es,particularly mature tree s, may incl ude featuressuitable for roosting b ats, and d evelopmentsleading to the loss of mature tre es may alsorequire a bat survey. Water vole s should b econsidered whe n com pleting any works in thevicinity of wa tercourses within the Con servationArea.12.13 Development proposals for area s whereprotected species exist should also include, andimplement, a scheme for safeguarding the futuresurvival of the prote cted spe cies and theirhabitat. Thi s will b e a req uisite condition of anyrelevant pl anning permissi on. Fo r furthe rinformation see the <strong>Authority</strong>’s Planning PracticeNote: Protected Species and Development in the<strong>Peak</strong> Di strict <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong>, o r se e the<strong>Authority</strong>’s website (www.peakdistrict.gov.uk).12.14 In the Con servation Are a, trees with atrunk over 75mm in diame ter are p rotected, andthe felling, lo pping or topping of the se trees maynot be permitted without prior agreement. Somehedgerows are p rotected from dest ruction ordamage under the Hedgerows Regulation 1997.Anyone con sidering work of this nature shouldcontact the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong> for advice.12.15 All wild birds, with the exception of tho sedefined a s game or pe st spe cies, are al soprotected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act1981 (as a mended). Natural En gland therefo rerecommends that: ‘No tree o r shru b clearanceworks shall b e un dertaken duri ng th e main bi rdbreeding sea son (mi d M arch to July i nclusive)’.This condition will no rmally be at tached toplanning permissions that require tree, shrub andhedgerow removal. Dev elopment pro posals fo rareas whe re protected bi rd spe cies exist mustinclude, an d impleme nt, a sch eme forsafeguarding the futu re survival of the protectedbird species and thei r h abitat, as a requi sitecondition of any planni ng permission.Development proposals affecting ha bitats ofimportance are covered by East Midland sRegional Plan policies 26, 29 an d 30 and LocalPlan policies LC17 and LC20.12.16 Hathersage is located on the A6187 roadroute which is part of the strategic road network.The A6187 can also be accessed at the southernedge of th e village al ong th e B6 521, thesecondary ro ute. L ocal Plan p olicies LT1 an dLT2 and th e Structure Plan state that the<strong>Authority</strong> will disco urage the u se of t he lo westcategory of roads in fav our of strategic andsecondary routes. Lo cal Plan policy LT14,relating to car pa rking provi sion, and Ea stMidlands Re gional Plan Policies 43 a nd 44 willalso apply.12.17 Although not classified a s Policy, the<strong>Authority</strong> has published a number of documentsthat recommend, directly or indirectly, actions tosafeguard the characte r of the HathersageConservation Area. These includ e the CulturalHeritage Strategy (200 5) and the Land scapeStrategy an d Action Pl an (2009 ). The Pea k<strong>District</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong>’ s Climate Chan ge ActionPlan 20 09-2011, which ad dresses e nergyconservation and climate change within the <strong>Park</strong>,is also of relevance.(www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/climatechange)51


13.0 LISTED BUILDINGS IN HATHERSAGE CONSERVATION AREANo. Address Grade Date1. Hall F armhouse, boundary wall a nd gate pie rs,Baulk LaneIILate C18 th2. The Cottage, Baulk Lane II Late C18 th with C19 th additions.3. Church of Saint Michael and All Angels I Principally C14 th and C15 th. Restored1851-2 and altered 1949.4. Cross Shaft in Saint Michael’s churchyard II Medieval.5. The Old Vicarage and garden walls II Early C19 th with mid C19 th additions.6. The Old Bell House. II Late C18 th with C19 th remodelling.7. Outbuilding t o the north-east of The Old BellHouse.8. Nos 1, 2 and 3 Bank Top. II Early C19 th9. Barnfield Wo rks and deta ched chimney to thesouth-east.IIIILate C17 th with later alterations.C184010. 1-3 Bank Cottages, Besom Lane II Dated 1781.11. Cutter’s Cottage, Church Bank II Late C17 th with later remodelling.12. No 1 and 2 Eastwood Cottages, The Dale II Mid C18 th13. Dale Mill and detached chimney. II Early C19 th14. Cliffe Cottage, Jaggers Lane. II Early C19 th15. 1 and 2 The Cottages, Main Road. II Early C18 th16. Milepost 20 y ards south-west of the e ntrance toHathersage Hall.IIEarly C19 th17. Broomfield and railings, Main Road. II Late C18 th with later alterations18. Hathersage Farmhouse, Main Road. II Early C18 th19. Lamp column to the north-ea st of Hathersag eFarmhouse, Main Road.20. Barn to south-west of Hathersag e Hall, MainRoad.21. Outbuilding to the south -south-west ofHathersage Hall, Main Road.22. Outbuilding to the wes t-south-west ofHathersage Hall, Main Road.23. Outbuilding to the north -west of the buildingwest-south-west of Hathersage Hall, Main Road.24. Roman Cath olic Church of St Michael, MainRoad.25. Presbytery to St Micha el’s Roman Catholi cChurch, off Main Road.II 1914.IIC17 th with C19 th alterations to the rear.II c1800.II 1840.II c1840.II*IIEarly C18 th , extensively refashioned in1806 and extended 1860.Early C19 th26. Hathersage Hall, School Lane II* Dated 1496 but mainly l ate C1 6 th &mid C18 th , major remodelling in 1830.27. Garden Pavilion and ga rden walls to Ha thersageHall, School Lane.28. Rock Ho use, attached outbuildin g, entrance,gate piers and gates.II Mid C18 th .II C1830.NB. There are other listed buildings within Hathersage Parish but outside the Conservation Area.52


14.0 GLOSSARYAgrarian Of the land or its cultivation.Ancillary In architectural terms this usually refers to a secondary structure, for instance stables oroutbuilding.Ancient Monument An cient monu ments a re le gally prote cted arch aeological site s and b uildingsdesignated under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. It is anoffence to carry out works to them without the written consent of the Secretary of State.AshlarMasonry that has been carefully cut, dres sed and squared, to b e employed as facingstone in finely jointed level courses.Coped gables Gable walls that have a course of flat stone laid on top.Curtilage Area attached to a house and forming one enclosure with it.Dormer window Window placed vertically in the sloping plane of a roof (Pevsner, 2002).Double pile plan The building is entirely two rooms in depth (Brunskill, 2000).Drip moulds A horizontal moulding for throwing water off and so protecting the windows immediatelybelow. Drip moulds are also used on chimneys.Enclosure Award Between the mid-18t h and late -19th centuries a large amount of waste and commonland was enclosed in Engl and and Wales. This en closure movement was undertakenunder the strong belief in the need for agricultural improvement amongst landowners atthe time. T o encl ose la nd the distri bution of the newly encl osed field s ha d to beapproved. This approval could be via an Act of Parliament, the central courts or privateagreement between local landowners. In all legally ratified cases, and some privatelyagreed examples, an enclosure award setting down the agreed extent and layout of theenclosure in writing a nd a corre sponding plan was drawn up. The level of accura cyand detail that allotment boundaries were planned to is usually good, but in many casesthe subdivisions into individual fields were not shown. Their cov erage therefore variesfrom one area to another. In the case of Parliamentary Awards these were often doneon a parish by parish basis.HERHollowayHistoric Environment Record (HER)A sunken track worn down over time, with slightly raised sides.Hood mouldings Projecting moulding above an arch or a lintel to throw-off water (Pevsner, 2002).Kneeler Horizontal decorative projection at the base of a gable (Pevsner, 2002).Lintel Horizontal beam or stone bridging an opening (Pevsner, 2002).MullionVertical posts or uprights dividing a window into ‘lights’ (Pevsner, 2002). Mullions canbe shaped or chamfered which can give an indication as to age.Neolithic The prehistoric period which comes between the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and theBronze Age, dating roughly from 4000 to 2000 BC. This was the time of the adoption ofthe first a gricultural p ractices, incl uding ce real cultivation, but more im portantly therearing of d omesticated animals, including herds of cattle and fl ocks of sheep. In thebeginning, farmers moved around the landscape with their herds, much as they had inthe Mesolithic (except they took animals with them rather than following wild game). Itwas only after more than a thousand years that they settled in mo re ‘permanent’ farmswhich th ey su rrounded by he dged fields. T hey built i mpressive ceremonialmonuments, often used to establish traditional right to the u se of land, by burying thebones of the ancestors to overlook pastures.ParishPedimentThe smallest unit of local government is the civil parish. In some a reas this covers thesame area as an eccle siastical parish which is the area of juri sdiction covered by theparish ch urch. Eccle siastical p arishes ar e alm ost always the remain s of M edievalmanors especially in rural areas and many have remained unaltered in their boundariessince the M edieval pe riod. Howeve r, in the <strong>Peak</strong> Distri ct man y parish es b ecamedefined by the boundaries of Townships.The classical equivalent of a gable, often used without any relation to a roof. Oftenused over an opening, particularly doorways.53


Pinch pointQuoinsA visual effect which suggests a narrowing of the street scene. It is typically caused bya bend in a road and the proximity of buildings on either side.Dressed stones at the (exterior) angles of a building.SBI Site of Biological Imp ortance (SBI) is the name given to the most imp ortant nonstatutorysites for nature conservation and provides a means of protecting sites that areof local interest and importance.SSSI Site of s pecial s cientific interes t. Sites of nation al importan ce for their wil dlife o rgeological interest, prot ected und er the Wildlife & Countryside Act 19 81 (an dsubsequent amend ments). Owners/o ccupiers must con sult Natural Engl and if theywish to carry out ope rations which mig ht damag e t he interest of the site, an d publi cbodies h ave a duty to take reasonable steps to further the co nservation an denhancement of SSSIs (e.g. when considering planning issues).Strip fieldTithe mapVernacularIn the Me dieval period, from at le ast as early as 1100 AD, Pe ak <strong>District</strong> villages weresurrounded by large strip fi elds (often referred to as ‘ open fields’ – in upland a reas it isdebatable whether some parts of them remain ed open for long an d thus the term stripfield is preferred). While o ften bounded at their edges by banks and ditches, internallythey were initially divided into a large number of unfenced cultivation strips. The use ofstrips allowed a fair distri bution of different grades of land between lord and villagers.This system was designed to favour the need s of arable cultivation. It seems to havebeen introduced into the area from the lowlands of th e Midlands. In the Pe ak <strong>District</strong>,pastoral farming was of equal or greater importance, and individual strips or parcels ofstrips were enclosed from an early date. Others, in less favourable locations in what areknown as ‘outfields’, may have only been used in an intermittent way.Shows the boundaries of land and property within the Tithe area. A tithe was a tenth ofa person’s produce or income given voluntarily or as a tax to the church.An indigenous building constructed of locally available materials, to local detail, withoutthe benefit of an architect. Vernacular architecture can be defined as dwellings and ‘allother buildings of the people’ (Oliver, 2003).54


15.0 REFERENCESBagshaw, S. (1846)Banks, F. R. (1975)Barnatt, J. (2003)Barnatt, J. & Smith, K. (2004)Brunskill, R. W. (2000)Buxton, B. A. (2005)Cameron, K. (1959)Hart, C. R. (1981)Hathersage Environment Group (2009)Hey, D. (2001)Kelly (1891)McGuire, S., Rodgers, H.,Stone, J. and Wilson, B. (2000)McMeeken, L.G. (1991)Mercer, E. (1975)Morris, J. (1987)Oliver, P. (2003)History, Gazetteer and Directory of Derbyshire. Sheffield.The <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong>. Robert Hale & Co., London.A Landscape Through Time: The Historic Character ofthe <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> Landscape, Aims,Methods and User Manual. <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> Nation al <strong>Park</strong><strong>Authority</strong>.The <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong>: Landscapes Through Time. WindgatherPress Ltd., Cheshire.Vernacular Architecture. Faber and Faber Limited, London.Hathersage in the <strong>Peak</strong>: A History. Phillimore & Co. Ltd.,West Sussex.The Place Names of Derbyshire. Camb ridge UniversityPress.The North Derbyshire Archaeological Survey to A.D.1500. The North Derbyshire Arch aeological Tru st,Chesterfield.A Guided Walk Around the Village of Hathersage in theHope Valley. Historical Hathersage Millenium Project.Packmen, Carriers and Packhorse Roads. Landm arkPublishing Ltd., Derbyshire.Kelly’s Directory of Derbyshire.Hathersage: Images of the Past. Historical HathersageMillenium Project.A Companion to the <strong>Peak</strong> Villages….and beyond. Loui sMcMeeken, Buxton.English Vernacular Houses. Royal Commission on H istoricMonuments 21.Domesday Book - Derbyshire. Philip Morgan (ed.),Philimore (27), Chichester.Dwellings: The Vernacular House World Wide. Phaidon,London.Pevsner, N. (2002) The Buildings of England: Derbyshire. Revised byElizabeth Williamson. Yale University Press.Pigot (1835)Tarn, J. N. (1971)Other SourcesDerbyshire County Council ()Pigot and Co's Commercial Directory for Derbyshire.The <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> and its Architecture. R.B. Macmillan Ltd,Derby.Heritage Environment Record for Derbyshire.Department of the EnvironmentList of Buildings of Special Architectural or HistoricInterest Vol. 356. <strong>District</strong> of West Derbyshire, <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong><strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. 1985English Heritage Brock, D Architectural Glossary, 1984.<strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong> Local Plan, 2001.<strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong> Design Guide, 2007.<strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Park</strong> <strong>Authority</strong> Landscape Strategy and Action Plan, 200955


Maps1791 Burdett’s Map of Derbyshire1880 First Edition Ordnance Survey Map1898 Second Edition Ordnance Survey Map1994 Ordnance Survey Outdoor Leisure 24 The <strong>Peak</strong> <strong>District</strong>, Dark <strong>Peak</strong> Area 1:25 000Internet Siteswww.andrewspages.dial.pipex.comwww.british-genealogy.comwww.genuki.org.ukwww.bbc.co.uk/historywww.oddfellows.co.ukpeaklandheritage.org.uk56

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