Muscle strength and qualitative jump-landing differences in male ...

670Muscle strength and movement pattern differencesLESS Item1 Knee flexion angleat initial contact2 Hip flexion angle atinitial contact3 Trunk flexion angleat initial contact4 Ankle plantarflexionangle atinitial contact5 Knee valgus angleat initial contact6 Lateral trunk flexionangle at initialcontact7 Stance width –Wide8 Stance width –Narrow9 Foot position – ToeIn10 Foot position – ToeOut11 Symmetric initialfoot contact12 Knee flexion displacement13 Hip flexion at maxknee flexion14 Trunk flexion atmax knee flexion15 Knee valgus displacementAppendixLESS Item ScoringOperational DefinitionAt the time point of initial contact, if the knee of the test legis flexed more than 30 degrees, score YES. If the knee is notflexed more than 30 degrees, score NO.At the time point of initial contact, if the thigh of the test legis in line with the trunk then the hips are not flexed and scoreNO. If the thigh of the test leg is flexed on the trunk, scoreYES.At the time point of initial contact, if the trunk is vertical orextended on the hips, score NO. If the trunk is flexed on thehips, score YES.If the foot of the test leg lands toe to heel, score YES. If thefoot of the test leg lands heel to toe or with a flat foot, scoreNO.At the time point of initial contact, draw a line straight downfrom the center of the patella. If the line goes through themidfoot, score NO. If the line is medial to the midfoot, scoreYES.At the time point of initial contact, if the midline of the trunkis flexed to the left or the right side of the body, score YES.If the trunk is not flexed to the left or right side of the body,score NO.Once the entire foot is in contact with the ground, draw a linedown from the tip of the shoulders. If the line on the side ofthe test leg is inside the foot of the test leg then score greaterthan should width (wide), and score YES. If the test foot isinternally or externally rotated, grade the stance width basedon heel placement.Once the entire foot is in contact with the ground, draw a linedown from the tip of the shoulders. If the line on the side ofthe test leg is outside of the foot then score less than shoulderwidth (narrow), score YES. If the test foot is internally orexternally rotated, grade the stance width based on heelplacement.If the foot of the test leg is internally rotated more than 30degrees between the time period of initial contact and maxknee flexion, then score YES. If the foot is not internallyrotated more than 30 degrees between the time period ofinitial contact to max knee flexion, score NO.If the foot of the test leg is externally rotated more than 30degrees between the time period of initial contact and maxknee flexion, then score YES. If the foot is not externallyrotated more than 30 degrees between the time period ofinitial contact to max knee flexion, score NO.If one foot lands before the other or if one foot lands heel totoe and the other lands toe to heel, score NO. If the feet landsymmetrically, score YES.If the knee of the test leg flexes 45 degrees more than theangle at the position of initial contact to max knee flexion,score YES. If the knee of the test leg does not flex morethan 45 degrees, score NO.If the thigh of the test leg flexes more on the trunk frominitial contact to max knee flexion angle, score YES. If thethigh does not flex more on the trunk, score NO.If the trunk flexes more from the point of initial contact tomax knee flexion, score YES. If the trunk does not flexmore, score NO.At the point of max knee valgus on the test leg, draw a linestraight down from the center of the patella. If the line runsthrough the great toe or is medial to the great toe, score YES.If the line is lateral to the great toe, score NO.CameraViewErrorConditionLESSScoreSide No Y=0N=1Side No Y=0N=1Side No Y=0N=1Side No Y=0N=1Front Yes Y=1N=0Front Yes Y=1N=0Front Yes Y=1N=0Front Yes Y=1N=0Front Yes Y=1N=0Front Yes Y=1N=0Front No Y=0N=1Side No Y=0N=1Side No Y=0N=1Side No Y=0N=1Front Yes Y=1N=0