developing a model for integrating safety, quality and productivity in ...

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AcknowledgementI would like to thank my supervisor Professor Adnan Enshassi who has been morethan generous with his expertise and precious time. A special thanks goes to himfor his countless hours of reflecting, reading, encouraging, and most of allpatience throughout the entire process.A special thanks goes to Construction Management Staff at the Islamic Universityof Gaza for their academic and scientific support throughout my study of MSc.A special thanks to Deanery of Graduate Studies at Engineering Faculty for theiradministrative and academic support.I would like to acknowledge and thank Occupational Safety division at theMinistry of Labor especially Mr. Abdelfattah Aldoqqy for their valuable supportand revision of my study.A special thanks goes to Palestinian contractors for their participation in filling thequestionnaire.A special thanks goes to all my friends and colleagues especially Mr. SaidElghandour and Mrs. Iyman Abu Khousa whose help was invaluable.Finally, a special thanks goes to statistician who supported me very much.iii
AbstractConstruction industry is one of the largest and most important industries in Palestine.It has been stated that accidents not only result in considerable pain and suffering butalso marginalize productivity, quality, time, and negatively affect the environmentand consequently add to the cost of construction. A critical review of the literature isstructured under three main categories: (1) construction safety; (2) constructionquality; and (3) construction productivity. The three categories were reviewed withregard to their geographical location including international, regional and local.The main objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between constructionsafety, quality, productivity, time, and cost. The main objectives would illustrate forcontractors and consultants the advantages of applying safety and quality practices.The objectives of the study have been approached through sixty one validquestionnaires received from construction firms working in Gaza Strip. One hundredand twenty five factors were extracted from safety, quality, productivity, cost, time,and religion groups of questionnaire.The survey indicated that safety training was considered the most critical factorinfluencing construction quality with regard to safety. A highly ranked factor forconstruction productivity was "Workers' Problems". The survey also indicated that"Safety expenditures are very much less than losses due to accidents" was consideredthe most important factor with regard to safety and cost. "Discussion between topmanagement and foreman on time schedule improves safety and productivity" hasbeen ranked the most critical among factors relating construction safety with time.The survey indicated that "Religious belief in Allah affects human's values too much"had been ranked the first factor.The study concluded that construction safety can be improved while maintainingquality, productivity, cost, time, and religious beliefs. The relationship between themis an integrated one. The study recommended legislating through the legislativecouncil acts and clauses within the Palestinian Law that would impose fines andpenalties on institutions and companies which are found to be violating safetyregulations. The study also recommended that contractors provide high-visibilityapparel to all workers at construction workplace.iv
Page 1: The Islamic University Of GazaFacul
Page 6 and 7: ملخص البحثتعتبر صن
Page 8 and 9: Group 3: Study on relationship betw
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1: Nonfatal Occ
Page 12 and 13: List of FiguresFigure 1: Costs and
Page 14 and 15: Chapter one: Introduction1.1 Constr
Page 16 and 17: safety. Safety culture contributes
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEWThe p
Page 20 and 21: The construction industry is often
Page 22 and 23: Table 1 shows nonfatal occupational
Page 24 and 25: centered exclusively on the technic
Page 26 and 27: 3. Small size of most construction
Page 28 and 29: • Quality management: is that asp
Page 30 and 31: of project management that is requi
Page 32 and 33: organizational programs aiming at m
Page 34 and 35: 2.2.3 Construction quality in devel
Page 36 and 37: 5. The designers do not consider th
Page 38 and 39: 2.3 Construction ProductivityProduc
Page 40 and 41: Real Wage TrendsConstruction Traini
Page 42 and 43: Rework for correcting unsatisfactor
Page 44 and 45: the importance of measurement as
Page 46 and 47: productivity sector, because of its
Page 48 and 49: 2.3.7 Construction productivity in
Page 50 and 51: achieved, with the highest quality,
Page 52 and 53: Figure 2: Methodology Flowchart39
Page 54 and 55:
Correction for Finite PopulationSS
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nominal and ordinal scales. Nominal
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e. If respondent responses disagree
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Part IV: Linkage between Productivi
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3.7 Pilot StudyWhenever a researche
Page 64 and 65:
Group 1# ItemsP-ValuePearsonSignifi
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Group 2# Itemstime schedule prepara
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Group 3# Itemspsychological pressur
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Page 74 and 75:
Group 7to apply safety regulations4
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Local conditions 0.485 0.01Worker p
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Group# of statementsBeforemodificat
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CostTimeReligionImportanceof StudyR
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2. The study is limited to the cont
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This results from the fact that the
Page 86 and 87:
4.2.4 Capital of CompanyTable 4.2 s
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Employees' background may vary acco
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Respondents might have also not bee
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70.00%60.00%42Percentage of respond
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4.3 Part II: Company's policy, safe
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obligatory to provide safety progra
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Percentage of respondents80.00%60.0
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Projects that are planned taking in
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e aware of importance of accident r
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4.3.1 Part III: Linkage between occ
Page 106 and 107:
Safety and quality factors# ofRespo
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Results also show how much importan
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good safety attitudes in people but
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y him mostly well understood and ap
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costs and increased loss-control. T
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project as of high quality in case
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group with RII = 0.717 and was rank
Page 120 and 121:
8. Emergency Preparedness# ofRespon
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general contractor and subcontracto
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"Safety committee is formed to moni
Page 126 and 127:
For a safety program to be properly
Page 128 and 129:
low factor that affects quality (45
Page 130 and 131:
"Many change orders during implemen
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safer. A new worker when oriented w
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"Inclusion of safety into contract
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management can be achieved through
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‘Project Implementation” group
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4.3.2 Part IV: Linkage between occu
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GROUP 1: Factors improving producti
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more unsafely. Productive workers a
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GROUP 3: Local conditionsTable 4.30
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nonworking days rarely occur in Gaz
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warn workers to avoid them. Workers
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ut also when the crew does return t
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from a change in worksite condition
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Comprehensive worker education thro
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directions of safe actions cannot b
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"Safety expenditures are very much
Page 162 and 163:
ecovering their bankruptcy. Under t
Page 164 and 165:
4.3.4 Part VI: Linkage between occu
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is referred to as heat stress. In a
Page 168 and 169:
job. They can cover work practices,
Page 170 and 171:
"Islam has strengthened principle o
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"Decreasing accidents during work a
Page 174 and 175:
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMM
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position. This factor belongs to sa
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5.2.3 Safety and CostThis part of t
Page 180 and 181:
5.3 RecommendationsRecommendations
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losing contracts because bids that
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Table 5. 6: Mean and standard devia
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degree support that there is a rela
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Relationshipbetween safetyand costR
Page 190 and 191:
Table 5. 12: Mean and standard devi
Page 192 and 193:
Relationship betweenYes 15 2.4623 0
Page 194 and 195:
5.5 Characteristics of Basic Model
Page 196 and 197:
safety rules, safety inspection, pr
Page 198 and 199:
Arditi, D., and Mochtar, K., 2000,
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Herrero, S., Saldana, M., Del Campo
Page 202 and 203:
Koehn, E., Kothari, R., and Pan, C.
Page 204 and 205:
Salminen, S. and Saari, J., 1995. M
Page 206 and 207:
Annex 1: Questionnaire in English19
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14. Years of experience in the fiel
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22. If Yes, indicate periodweekly b
Page 212 and 213:
Study on relationship between safet
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Study on relationship between safet
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PART VI: LINKAGE BETWEEN OCCUPATION
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5) Safety program for each project6
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بسم االله الرحمن ال
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الجزء الأول:‏السي
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12. إذا كان الجواب ن
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أ)‏دراسة العلاقة
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دراسة العلاقة بين ا
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الجزءالخامس:‏ علاق
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"‎10‎‏.لا يتعارض مب
Page 234 and 235:
Annex 3: Images of safety problems
Page 236 and 237:
Figure 5: Exacavation activities wh
Page 238 and 239:
Figure 8: Worker is fixing house co
Page 240 and 241:
Figure 12: Piping works without saf
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