Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

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POP3 vs IMAPWith IMAP, all your mail stays on the server in multiplefolders, some of which you have created. This enablesyou to connect to any computer and see all your mailand mail folders. In general, IMAP is great if you have adedicated connection to the <strong>Internet</strong> or you like tocheck your mail from various locations.With POP3 you only have one folder, the Inbox folder.When you open your mailbox, new mail is moved fromthe host server and saved on your computer. If youwant to be able to see your old mail messages, youhave to go back to the computer where you last openedyour mail.With POP3 "leave mail on server" only your emailmessages are on the server, but with IMAP your emailfolders are also on the server.
Test POP3 and IMAP ….. # telnet localhost 143 Connected to staff-mail.lboro.ac.uk. Escape character is '^]'. * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACETHREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA IDLE ACL ACL2=UNION STARTTLS]Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2005 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distributioninformation. a login username password a OK LOGIN Ok. a examine inbox * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Recent) * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS ()] No permanent flags permitted * 26 EXISTS * 0 RECENT * OK [UIDVALIDITY 989061119] Ok * OK [READ-ONLY] Ok a logout * BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down a OK LOGOUT completed Connection closed by foreign host.
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Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
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What is an Exchange Point Network A
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Co
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Mu
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? So
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Faculty Qualifications—PN• ONLY
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Pe
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Internet Exchange Point SolutionEve
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Why use an IXP? PEERING Shared medi
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Why use an IXP? SAVES MONEY!!! Traf
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Exchange Point DesignISP 6ISP 5 ISP
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Peering at an IXP Each participant
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Exchange Point examples LINX in Lon
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DHCP: Dynamic HostConfiguration Pro
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DHCP client-server scenarioDHCP ser
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Computers use IP addresses.Why do w
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hosts.txt does not scale✗ Huge fi
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DNS is Hierarchical.(root)/ (root)u
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DNS: iterated queriesroot name serv
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Domain Names are (almost)unlimited
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Commonly seen ResourceRecords (RRs)
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Possible results from a Query POSIT
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DNS is a Client-Serverapplication (
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Three roles in DNS RESOLVERTakes re
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ROLE 1: THE RESOLVER A piece of sof
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How do you choose whichcache(s) to
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Example: Unix resolverconfiguration
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The trailing dot# dig lboro.ac.uk.
Page 58 and 59: Understanding output from dig STATU
Page 60 and 61: DNS recordsDNS: distributed db stor
Page 62 and 63: DNS protocol, messagesName, type fi
Page 64 and 65: HTTP overviewHTTP: hypertext transf
Page 66 and 67: HTTP connectionsNonpersistent HTTP
Page 68 and 69: Nonpersistent HTTP (cont.)5. HTTP c
Page 70 and 71: Persistent HTTPNonpersistent HTTP i
Page 72 and 73: HTTP request message:general format
Page 74 and 75: Method typesHTTP/1.0 GET POST HEADa
Page 76 and 77: HTTP response messagestatus line(pr
Page 78 and 79: Trying out HTTP (client side) for y
Page 80 and 81: Cookies: keeping “state” (cont.
Page 82 and 83: User-server interaction:authorizati
Page 84 and 85: Web caches (proxy server)Goal: sati
Page 86 and 87: Content distribution networks(CDNs)
Page 88 and 89: FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
Page 90 and 91: FTP: separate control, data connect
Page 92 and 93: E-Mail(SMTP, POP, IMAP)
Page 94 and 95: Electronic MailMail Serversmailbox
Page 96 and 97: Scenario: Alice sends messageto Bob
Page 98 and 99: Try SMTP interaction foryourself: t
Page 100 and 101: Mail message formatSMTP: protocol f
Page 102 and 103: MIME typesContent-Type: type/subtyp
Page 104 and 105: POP3 Short for Post Office Protocol
Page 106 and 107: POP3 (more) and IMAPMore about POP3
Page 110 and 111: EximExim is an open source mail tra
Page 112 and 113: NAT: Network AddressTranslation Mot
Page 114 and 115: Private Addresses
Page 116 and 117: NAT: Network AddressTranslationImpl
Page 118 and 119: NAT: Network AddressTranslation 16-
Page 120 and 121: Provider NATs? ConsideredHarmful156
Page 122 and 123: TURN protocol Protocol for UDP/TCP
Page 124 and 125: STUN (RFC 3489) Defines operations
Page 126 and 127: Configuring NAT in LinuxLinux uses
Page 128 and 129: Multimedia Networking
Page 130 and 131: GoalsPrinciples Classify multimedia
Page 132 and 133: Streaming stored multimedia Streami
Page 134 and 135: Streaming live multimediaExamples:
Page 136 and 137: A few words about audiocompression
Page 138 and 139: Packet loss and delay Network loss:
Page 140 and 141: How should the Internet evolveto be
Page 142 and 143: Principles for QOS Guarantees Examp
Page 144 and 145: Principles for QOS Guarantees Alloc
Page 146 and 147: Summary of QoS Principles
Page 148 and 149: Scheduling Policies: morePriority s
Page 150 and 151: Scheduling Policies: still moreWeig
Page 152 and 153: Diffserv ArchitectureEdge router: p
Page 154 and 155: Classification and Conditioning Pac
Page 156 and 157: Firewalls156
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Firewall goals All traffic from out
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Traditional packet filtersAnalyzes
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Access control listsApply rules fro
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Advantages and disadvantages oftrad
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Firewall lab: iptables iptables Pro
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iptables: Example commandiptables -
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iptables Options-p protocol type (t
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Firewall Lab: Part B Rules for outg
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Stateful filters: example Log each
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Demarcation Zone (DMZ)applicationga
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Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

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