Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

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DNS recordsDNS: distributed db storing resource records (RR)RR format: (name, value, type,ttl) Type=Aname is hostnamevalue is IP addressType=NS name is domain (e.g.foo.com) value is IP address ofauthoritative name serverfor this domain Type=CNAMEname is alias name for some“cannonical” (the real) namewww.lboro.ac.uk is reallywww.lut.ac.uk.value is cannonical name Type=MXvalue is name of mailserverassociated with name
DNS protocol, messagesDNS protocol : query and reply messages, both with samemessage formatmsg header identification: 16 bit #for query, reply to queryuses same #flags: query or reply recursion desiredrecursion availablereply is authoritative
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Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
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What is an Exchange Point Network A
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Co
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Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Mu
Page 10 and 11: Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? So
Page 12 and 13: Faculty Qualifications—PN• ONLY
Page 14 and 15: Internet Exchange PointWhy peer? Pe
Page 16 and 17: Internet Exchange Point SolutionEve
Page 18 and 19: Why use an IXP? PEERING Shared medi
Page 20 and 21: Why use an IXP? SAVES MONEY!!! Traf
Page 22 and 23: Exchange Point DesignISP 6ISP 5 ISP
Page 24 and 25: Peering at an IXP Each participant
Page 26 and 27: Exchange Point examples LINX in Lon
Page 28 and 29: DHCP: Dynamic HostConfiguration Pro
Page 30 and 31: DHCP client-server scenarioDHCP ser
Page 32 and 33: Computers use IP addresses.Why do w
Page 34 and 35: hosts.txt does not scale✗ Huge fi
Page 36 and 37: DNS is Hierarchical.(root)/ (root)u
Page 38 and 39: DNS: iterated queriesroot name serv
Page 40 and 41: Domain Names are (almost)unlimited
Page 42 and 43: Commonly seen ResourceRecords (RRs)
Page 44 and 45: Possible results from a Query POSIT
Page 46 and 47: DNS is a Client-Serverapplication (
Page 48 and 49: Three roles in DNS RESOLVERTakes re
Page 50 and 51: ROLE 1: THE RESOLVER A piece of sof
Page 52 and 53: How do you choose whichcache(s) to
Page 54 and 55: Example: Unix resolverconfiguration
Page 56 and 57: The trailing dot# dig lboro.ac.uk.
Page 58 and 59: Understanding output from dig STATU
Page 62 and 63: DNS protocol, messagesName, type fi
Page 64 and 65: HTTP overviewHTTP: hypertext transf
Page 66 and 67: HTTP connectionsNonpersistent HTTP
Page 68 and 69: Nonpersistent HTTP (cont.)5. HTTP c
Page 70 and 71: Persistent HTTPNonpersistent HTTP i
Page 72 and 73: HTTP request message:general format
Page 74 and 75: Method typesHTTP/1.0 GET POST HEADa
Page 76 and 77: HTTP response messagestatus line(pr
Page 78 and 79: Trying out HTTP (client side) for y
Page 80 and 81: Cookies: keeping “state” (cont.
Page 82 and 83: User-server interaction:authorizati
Page 84 and 85: Web caches (proxy server)Goal: sati
Page 86 and 87: Content distribution networks(CDNs)
Page 88 and 89: FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
Page 90 and 91: FTP: separate control, data connect
Page 92 and 93: E-Mail(SMTP, POP, IMAP)
Page 94 and 95: Electronic MailMail Serversmailbox
Page 96 and 97: Scenario: Alice sends messageto Bob
Page 98 and 99: Try SMTP interaction foryourself: t
Page 100 and 101: Mail message formatSMTP: protocol f
Page 102 and 103: MIME typesContent-Type: type/subtyp
Page 104 and 105: POP3 Short for Post Office Protocol
Page 106 and 107: POP3 (more) and IMAPMore about POP3
Page 108 and 109: POP3 vs IMAPWith IMAP, all your mai
Page 110 and 111:
EximExim is an open source mail tra
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NAT: Network AddressTranslation Mot
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Private Addresses
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NAT: Network AddressTranslationImpl
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NAT: Network AddressTranslation 16-
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Provider NATs? ConsideredHarmful156
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TURN protocol Protocol for UDP/TCP
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STUN (RFC 3489) Defines operations
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Configuring NAT in LinuxLinux uses
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Multimedia Networking
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GoalsPrinciples Classify multimedia
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Streaming stored multimedia Streami
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Streaming live multimediaExamples:
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A few words about audiocompression
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Packet loss and delay Network loss:
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How should the Internet evolveto be
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Principles for QOS Guarantees Examp
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Principles for QOS Guarantees Alloc
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Summary of QoS Principles
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Scheduling Policies: morePriority s
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Scheduling Policies: still moreWeig
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Diffserv ArchitectureEdge router: p
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Classification and Conditioning Pac
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Firewalls156
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Firewall goals All traffic from out
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Traditional packet filtersAnalyzes
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Access control listsApply rules fro
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Advantages and disadvantages oftrad
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Firewall lab: iptables iptables Pro
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iptables: Example commandiptables -
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iptables Options-p protocol type (t
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Firewall Lab: Part B Rules for outg
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Stateful filters: example Log each
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Demarcation Zone (DMZ)applicationga
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Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

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