Advanced Weed Control - TurfFiles - North Carolina State University

2006-07Advanced Weed ControlFred Yelverton, PhDNorth Carolina State University

Weed Control in Newly Seeded AreasTupersan & Drive

Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)McCarty, Murphy & Yelverton

PRE Crabgrass Control in Newly Planted Cool-Season TurfgrassesTupersan 50WP (siduron)• PRE control of crabgrass, foxtails, downy brome, barnyardgrass,• Weak on goosegrass, fall panicum,• Does not control broadleaves, sedges,• Control in newly seeded cool-season turfgrass (bents, fescue,ryegrass & bluegrass) areas.• Do not use PRE or POST planting warm-season grasses,• Apply 20 lbs/a and water-in with ½-inch within 3 days ofapplication for PRE activity.• Provides 30 to 45 days suppression.

PRE Crabgrass Control in Newly Seeded Cool-Season TurfgrassesDrive 75DF (quinclorac)• PRE crabgrass control• Newly seeded annual bluegrass, ryegrass, fescue,buffalograss, bermudagrass, & zoysiagrass,• PRE or POST sprigging of bermuda or zoysiagrass,• Apply 1 lb/a and water-in with ½-inch within 3 days ofapplication for PRE activity.• Provides 30 to 45 days suppression.

Early POST Crabgrass Control in Newly Seeded TurfgrassesRule-of-thumb: wait until the 4 th mowing &/or at least 1 monthafter emergence before treatment,• Drive 75DF (quinclorac):– 0.5 to 1 lb product/acre (0.56 to 1.12 kg/ha)– Apply 7 days after turfgrass emergence,– Controls crabgrass, foxtail, many small broadleaf weeds,especially clovers,– Provides 30 to 45 days suppression,– Water-in with ½-inch (13 mm) within 3 days of applicationfor PRE activity.

Early POST Grass Control in Newly Seeded Cool-SeasonTurfgrassesEarly POST (after the 2 nd mowing),– Acclaim Extra (0.57 EC) , ~16 oz/a, 4 weeks afteremergence,– MSMA 6L, 0.7 to 1.3 pts/a (0.5 to 1 lb ai/a), orCMA (Calar, Crab Killer II, Selectrol) @ 1 lb ai/a.– after the 3 rd mowing,

Poa Control in Newly Planted Cool-Season Turfgrasses• PRE control: apply a residual herbicide such asDimension, Pendimethalin or Barricade in late Augustafter 4 th mowing.• POST control: Prograss (ethofumesate) is only selectivecontrol in cool-season grasses. Apply during peak Poagermination & repeat in 30 to 45 days.• May be applied anytime to tall fescue, 2 weeks afterperennial ryegrass emergence & 8 weeks after Ky.bluegrass emergence.

Sedge Control in Newly Planted Turfgrasses• MSMA 6L at 0.7 pts/acre, after 3 rd mowing,• Sedgehammer (halosulfuron) or• Basagran (bentazon),– turf must be well established before use• Multiple applications are necessary.

Control of Specific Weeds

Southern crabgrassSmooth crabgrass

Crabgrass Germination• Late winter/early spring when soil temperatures at 4-in. depthreach 53 to 58 F for 24 continuous hours.• Germination generally coincidesflowering of redbuds,pears.withforsythia, phlox,• Has high light requirement for optimum germination, thus,thick turf discourages.

Preemergence Herbicide Comparison - Weed ControlE=Excellent (>89%) G=Good (80 to 89%) F=Fair (70 to 79%)HerbicideBalan (benefin)Barricade (prodiamine)Betasan/Bensumec (bensulide)Dimension (dithiopyr)Pendulum (pendimethalin)Ronstar (oxadiazon)Surflan (oryzalin)XL/Team ProCrabgrassOxadiazon + either prodiamine (Regalstar II 1.2G), benefin (Regalstar 1.5G),dithiopyr (SuperStar) or bensulide (Goosegrass/Crabgrass Control).Repeat applications 60 to 75 days apart are necessary for season-long control.GEGEEGEE

HerbicidePreemergenceCrabgrass Control% ControlSurflan (oryzalin) 80Pendulum (pendimethalin) 80Barricade (prodiamine) 90Team Pro (benefin + trifluralin) 90Ronstar (oxadiazon) 85Dimension (dithiopyr) 854-year average, 2 appsRated late summer

PRE Herbicides for Bentgrass Putting GreensTrade NamesWeedgrass Preventer, Betasan,BensumecGoosegrass/Crabgrass ControlDimensionTupersanCommon NameBensulideBensulide + oxadiazonDithiopyrSiduron

CrabgrassPOST control - Repeat applications of:• In bentgrass,– Calar (CMA) @ 1 lb ai/a (1.12 kg ai/ha)– Repeat in 7 days.• In ryegrass, fescue, bluegrass,– Acclaim Extra (0.57 EC) (fenoxaprop) at 1½ pts/A(1.8 L/ha)

POST Grass Weed Control in Cool-Season TurfgrassesRepeat applications of:• CMA (Calar, Crab Killer II, Selectrol) @ 1 lb ai/a (1.12 kgai/ha). Taller mowed bentgrass, fescue, bluegrass.• Acclaim Extra (0.57 EC) (fenoxaprop) at 1½ pts/A (1.8 L/ha) .Taller mowed ryegrass, fescue, bluegrass• Drive 75 DF (quinclorac) @ 1lb/a(1.12 kg/ha). Taller mowed bentgrass,ryegrass, fescue, bluegrass

POST Grass Weed Control in Cool-Season Turfgrasses(cont.)Repeat applications of:• Fusilade T&O 2EC (fluazifop) @ 3 to 6 oz/a (tall fescueonly), add Turflon Ester at 2 pts/acre to increasecontrol.• Vantage 1L (sethoxydim) @ 1½ to 2¼ pts/a (fine fescueonly)– repeat applications in 1 to 4 weeks– good soil moisture present, temps.

Postemergence Crabgrass Control1. POST grassherbicides aremost effective onseedling grasses.This size2. Apply duringgood growingconditions..Not this

McCarty, Murphy & YelvertonGoosegrass (Eleusine indica)

Goosegrass• Summer annual, thrives in wet, compacted (low oxygencontaining) soils. Germinates when soil temperatures at 4-inchesreaches 60 to 65 F for 24 continuous hours. Alternatingwarm/cool temperatures highly favors germination.• Usually 2 to 4 weeks later thancrabgrass germination, oftenwhen dogwoods and azaleas bloom.• Perenniates in subtropical regions.

Preemergence Herbicide Comparison - Weed ControlE=Excellent (>89%) G=Good (80 to 89%) F=Fair (70 to 79%)HerbicideBalan (benefin)Barricade (prodiamine)Betasan/Bensumec (bensulide)Dimension (dithiopyr)Pendulum (pendimethalin)Ronstar (oxadiazon)Surflan (oryzalin)XL/Team ProGoosegrassOxadiazon + either prodiamine (Regalstar II 1.2G), benefin (Regalstar 1.5G),dithiopyr (SuperStar) or bensulide (Goosegrass/Crabgrass Control).Repeat applications 60 to 75 days apart are necessary for season-long control.FG-EFG-EG-EEGG

Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)3-5 leaf5-6 leaf2 tillerflowering

T. Lowe, USGA

Goosegrass ControlIn taller mowed cool-season grasses,• Repeat Acclaim Extra (0.57 EC) at 1½ pts/A or• Fusilade T&O (2EC) at 5 to 6 oz/a on 30 day intervals.• On fairway bentgrass, Acclaim Extra @ 4 to 8 oz/aevery 3 to 4 weeks. Avoid drought- & heat-stressedturf.

Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum)• Clumping perennial,• Often from priorpastures/forages,• Reproduces by seed& short rhizomes,• Produces unsightly seedheads in summer,• Widely distributed.

Thin Paspalum (Paspalum setaceum)McCarty, Murphy, & Yelverton

Summer application injuryNo treatmentMSMA

Tupersan application (sprayed)

Timely applications of high rates of Tupersan willsuppress bermudagrass growth.

Tupersan UseTupersan 4.6% G17 lbs per 1,000 sq ftGandy drop spreader setting No. 59Water-into root zoneApply in April, May, September, OctoberDo not apply in June, July and August

Granular Tupersan and a drop spreader are convenient to use.

Correct rate of Tupersan

Mesotrione (Out Play)New turf active ingredientNaturally occurring phytotoxinHas pre- and postemergent activityGrass and broadleaf weeds

MesotrioneReported to have activity onLarge crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)Smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum)Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule)Broadleaf plantain (Plantego major)Yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta)Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi)Has applications in cool- and warm-season turfgrass

% Control10080Smooth Crabgrass ControlLate September84ab71b86abMesotrione 0.31Mesotrione 0.6260Barricade 0.754035c2000dPRE 4-3 POST 7-30Rates are lb ai per acre. PRE trts were applied 4-3 while POST trts were applied 7-30 andincluded NIS. When POST trts were applied, crabgrass averaged 2 tillers.

% ControlPostemergent Smooth Crabgrass Control1008073bc90a83abMesotrione 0.336060dMesotrione 0.540200Late AugustLate SeptemberRates are lb ai per acre. Trts were applied 7-30 and included NIS. Crabgrass averaged 2 tillers.

% ControlSmooth Crabgrass Controlwith Pre- and Postemergent Applications1008078a94a94a76ab86ab89abMesotrione .31 fb .31Mesotrione .31 fb .6260Mesotrione .62 fb .6240200Late AugustLate SeptemberRates are lb ai per acre. PRE trts were applied 4-3 while POST trts were applied 7-30 andincluded NIS. When POST trts were applied, crabgrass averaged 2 tillers.

Mesotrione 0.25 lb ai applied May 1 (1-3 lf crabgrass),photo taken June 14

Mesotrione 0.375 lb ai applied May 1 (1-3 lf crabgrass),photo taken June 14

Mesotrione 0.25 lb ai applied June 6 (5-7 lf crabgrass),photo taken June 14

Mesotrione 0.375 lb ai applied June 6 (5-7 lf crabgrass),photo taken June 14

% Control‘Crenshaw’ Bentgrass Control in Tall Fescue100806095 95 95 95 95Outplay 0.125 X 2Outplay 0.187 X 2Outplay 0.125 X 3Outplay 0.187 fb 0.187 fb 0.125Outplay 0.125 X 44020Fusilade 0.375 X 2Fus + Out 0.375 + 0.125 X 2LSD=000 0Data collected 28 DAIT. Rates are lb ai per acre. Outplay 4SC contained NIS and were made Oct 11, Oct 26, Nov08, and Nov 17 as noted. Fusilade containing treatments contained Crop Oil were applied Oct 26 and Nov 08.

% Control‘Crenshaw’ Bentgrass Control in Tall Fescue100100 100 100 100 1009093Outplay 0.125 X 2Outplay 0.187 X 280Outplay 0.125 X 360Outplay 0.187 fb 0.187 fb 0.125Outplay 0.125 X 44020Fusilade 0.375 X 2Fus + Out 0.375 + 0.125 X 2LSD=2.60Data collected 48 DAIT. Rates are lb ai per acre. Outplay 4SC contained NIS and were made Oct 11, Oct 26, Nov08, and Nov 17 as noted. Fusilade containing treatments contained Crop Oil were applied Oct 26 and Nov 08.

% Control‘Crenshaw’ Bentgrass Control in Tall Fescue1008080 809390Outplay 0.125 X 2Outplay 0.187 X 2Outplay 0.125 X 3605865Outplay 0.187 fb 0.187 fb 0.125Outplay 0.125 X 4402021Fusilade 0.375 X 2Fus + Out 0.375 + 0.125 X 2LSD=13.30Data collected April 18 2006, 190 DAIT. Rates are lb ai per acre. Outplay 4SC contained NIS and were made Oct 11, Oct 26,Nov 08, and Nov 17 as noted. Fusilade containing treatments contained Crop Oil were applied Oct 26 and Nov 08.

Nontreated photo taken 4-28-06

Outplay 0.125 fb 0.125 photo taken 4-28-06

Outplay 0.125 fb 0.125 fb 0.125 photo taken 4-28-06

Outplay 0.187 fb 0.187 fb 0.125 photo taken 4-28-06

Outplay 0.125 fb 0.125 fb 0.125 fb 0.125 photo taken 4-28-06

Fusilade 0.375 X 2 photo taken 4-28-06

Fusilade + Outplay 0.375 + 0.125 X 2 photo taken 4-28-06

• In dormant bermudagrass, spot treat with Roundup Pro 4L at 2 oz/galwater, avoid desirable green plants,Tall Fescue− Perennial− Seed contaminant or escape• In Ky. bluegrass, fine fescue, zoysiagrass, or bermudagrass, TFC orCorsair 75 DF at 4 to 5 oz/a or as a spot treatment at 2½ grams/2 galwater. In Ky. Bluegrass, Certainty 75WP at 0.75 oz/a, twice 3 weeksapart.• In bermudagrass, Revolver 0.19SC at 15 to 26 oz/a, Monument 75WDG at0.33 oz/a, or Certainty at 1 oz/a.

POST Ryegrass Control in BentgrassCorsair 75WP: Bentgrass fairways mowed at >0.5 inch, notlabeled for greens• 1 to 2 oz product/acre,• May also be used on established Ky. Bluegrass, fine fescue,bahiagrass and bermudagrass.• Do not apply to saturated soil or during heat or drought stress,• Add a non-ionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v.• Also controls tall fescue, chickweed, henbit, pigweed, wildmustard, purslane and other weeds.• A repeat application may be needed after 60 days.

Preemergence Herbicide Comparison - Weed ControlHerbicideE=Excellent (>89%) G=Good (80 to 89%) F=Fair (70 to 79%)Atrazine/SimazineBalanBarricadeBetasan/BensumecDimensionKerbPendimethalinRonstarSurflanPoa annuaXL/Team ProGOxadiazon + prodiamine (Regalstar II 1.2G), benefin (Regalstar 1.5G), dithiopyr(SuperStar) or bensulide (Goosegrass/Crabgrass Control).Repeat applications 60 to 75 days apart are necessary for season-long control.EGGF-GGEG-EGG-E

• Uniformity of Application.• Uniformity of product size.PRE Herbicide Performance:• Fineness of material, generally best to use at least 250 lbs productper acre for uniformity.• Application Frequency.• Rainfall or Irrigation Amounts & Timing After Application.• Topography (Drainage Problems).• Soil Persistence Characteristics.• Soil Type - Sand, Clay, OM.• Thatch.• Leaching, solubility, volatility, photodecomposition.

Preemergence Herbicide ComparisonHerbicide Costs Effects onRooting*ResidualGreen UseBarricade low poor good NRBetasan/Bensumec low poor good R**Dimension medium poor good R**Pendimethalin low poor good R**Ronstar 2G high minor good R**Surflan low poor good NR*Refers to nonestablished turf only.**R=Some formulations are registered.NR=Non registered for green use.Consult label for overseeding grass tolerance.

PRE Herbicides for Bentgrass Putting GreensTrade NamesWeedgrass Preventer, Betasan,BensumecGoosegrass/Crabgrass ControlDimensionTupersanCommon NameBensulideBensulide + oxadiazonDithiopyrSiduron

PRE Herbicides for Bentgrass Fairways• Betasan, Bensulide, Pre-San, Lescosan, etc.(bensulide)• Dimension (dithiopyr)• Crabgrass/Goosegrass Preventer (oxadiazon +bensulide)• Gallery (isoxaben)• Barricade (prodiamine)• Pre-M, Pendulum, etc. (pendimethalin)• Tupersan (siduron)