Wireless Sensor Networks in Oil and Gas Industry
Wireless Sensor Networks in Oil and Gas Industry
Wireless Sensor Networks in Oil and Gas Industry
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Agenda• Problem Def<strong>in</strong>ition• Technology Survey• Potential Applications• Project Achievements <strong>and</strong> Relevant Research• Future Work
Physical3D SketchDesign Entry: Virtual or Physical to 3DRSS SimulationRSS MapRaytrac<strong>in</strong>gChannelModelProposedDesignFlowSite-DependantDeploymentNetworkSimulatorWSN Performance
Agenda• Problem Def<strong>in</strong>ition• Technology Survey• Potential Applications• Project Achievements <strong>and</strong> Relevant Research• Future Work
What isa <strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong> Node?Sens<strong>in</strong>gProcess<strong>in</strong>gCommunication<strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong>• application specific sensors• tens to hundreds (even thous<strong>and</strong>s) , small, low-cost units• low power (2 x AAA) with energy scaveng<strong>in</strong>g• static
What isan Industrial <strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong> Node?<strong>Wireless</strong>NetworkMicrocontroller7FlashStorageRadioCommunicationIEEE 802.15.4Industrial<strong>Sensor</strong>s
What isan Industrial <strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong> Network?• ad hoc, multi-hop operation• self-organiz<strong>in</strong>g, self-heal<strong>in</strong>g• scalable• low <strong>in</strong>stallation costZigBee ProCommunication st<strong>and</strong>ardsfor low data-rate, low power,short range communication• plant area: open-door km 2 area (sensor field)• nodes: sensor equipped or simple router, reduced function or full function units• distance between nodes varies accord<strong>in</strong>g to channel / rout<strong>in</strong>g requirement• sensor nodes sense process parameters for monitor<strong>in</strong>g, control <strong>and</strong>/or alarm• base station BS (s<strong>in</strong>k node) aggregates data <strong>and</strong> controls the network• BS may also be a gateway to other type of networks
What is ZigBee?
Technology Applications
St<strong>and</strong>ard Technology Options
802.15.4 Channel Assignment
Agenda• Problem Def<strong>in</strong>ition• Technology Survey• Potential Applications• Project Achievements <strong>and</strong> Relevant Research• Future Work
Application Doma<strong>in</strong>s of WSN?
Why Industrial WSN <strong>in</strong> O&G?
Specific Highlights on IWSN for O&G• One quarter of all IWSN deployed <strong>in</strong> 2009 – 2010 are for O&G• Ref<strong>in</strong>eries are the largest <strong>and</strong> first segment to take off• Tens of thous<strong>and</strong>s of different sensors are needed to deploy• Only 10 – 20% of these sensors are usually connected <strong>in</strong> a wired network,rest of sensors are manually read by field operators• Most R&D is focused on wireless condition-based monitor<strong>in</strong>g (CBM)for preventive ma<strong>in</strong>tenance (non-time critical case)• Challenges are met <strong>in</strong> identify<strong>in</strong>g the impact of harsh radio environment
Technology Hype Cycle
Barriers <strong>and</strong> Enablers
Why IWSN Disillusionment?
Why IWSN Enlightenment?• The emerg<strong>in</strong>g opportunity for Industrial WSN is expected to be $5B <strong>in</strong> 2014• Issues of <strong>in</strong>teroperability, scalability, security, robustness, cost <strong>and</strong> coexistencewith other networks can be effectively addressed• Challenges rema<strong>in</strong> with battery life <strong>and</strong> compatibility with legacy systems• Adoption is based on provid<strong>in</strong>g economic solutions to customers• Governmental Support of R&D <strong>and</strong> appropriate regulation of outcomes;improved energy efficiency, reduced emissions… etc will drive usage of WSN
IWSN Worldwide Market30 % GRT2011 – 2012
Agenda• Problem Def<strong>in</strong>ition• Technology Survey• Potential Applications• Project Achievements <strong>and</strong> Relevant Research• Future Work
Project InfoAcknowledgement: Prof. Nabil Sabry (Mansoura Univ.) , Dr Hoda Boghdady (NTI), Eng. Ahmed Assem
A. Measurements - Outdoorn = 2, = 10 dBm, P TX = +3 dBm
Indoor Measurements(Relatively Harsh Environment)n = 2.2 <strong>and</strong> = 17.7 dBm, P TX=0 dBm
WiFi-Clear Channels
B. Raytrac<strong>in</strong>g Simulation vs Experimentexperimental3 measurement pathssimulationBS
*Raytrac<strong>in</strong>g Simulation Examplefor Node A3 us<strong>in</strong>g “<strong>Wireless</strong> InSite TM ”A3BSRepeat for each node location
Prelim<strong>in</strong>aryResults
C. <strong>Sensor</strong> Board DevelopmentPSoCMTS400CC<strong>Sensor</strong> BoardMDA300CADAQ BoardED0-Nano Board
C1. Environment <strong>Sensor</strong> Board:LF Acceleration MeasurementExcitation forceAcquired acceleration at BSAcquired static parameters
Vibration Experiment Setup
C2. Data Acquisition BoardMDA300CCThermistor based LT measurementThermocouple based HT measurement
TC-Based Temperature Acquisition Setup
C3. Custom <strong>Wireless</strong>Data Acquisition BoardDE0-Nano board <strong>and</strong> block diagramSupportsZigBee ProPA/LNATxRxUconnect RF module<strong>and</strong> block diagram
Acquisition of HF Vibration for CBMCondition-Based Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance (CBM)Experimental Setup
Acquired FFT Vibration SpectraSpectral signature is used for CBM
D. Network<strong>in</strong>g Issues
Network<strong>in</strong>g ObjectiveTo construct a resilient network <strong>in</strong>frastructure that ensures theun<strong>in</strong>terrupted functionality under the RF harsh environment.
Network<strong>in</strong>g Activities Construction of the network <strong>in</strong>frastructure• OS: T<strong>in</strong>yOS• MAC: IEEE 802.15.4 + ZigBee MAC sublayer• Rout<strong>in</strong>g technique: DYMO vs CTP• Redundancy: multi-s<strong>in</strong>k operation• Energy-conservation• Mote Synchronization (<strong>in</strong> time critical tasks)• Deployment strategy based on functional goals
Selected Rout<strong>in</strong>g ProtocolsDistanceVectorIdeaPower, storage<strong>and</strong>computationalrequirementRecoveryUseperiodicupdatesDatacentricHieraticalDataaggregationLocationbasedQoSrout<strong>in</strong>gDYMOYesOndem<strong>and</strong>rout<strong>in</strong>gLowSlowNoNoNoNoNoNoCTPYesCollectionTreeHighFastYesYesNoYesNoYesCTP results: No. of nodes = 14 + BS, No. of senders = 2 to 10, PR > 98.6%No. of nodes = 14 + BS, No. of senders =10, DR = 1 t0 5 Pps, PR > 99%DYMO results: still under test
E. Relevant Research Activities1) <strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong> Remote Configuratione.g.: 5 configurable registers <strong>in</strong>ED0-nano board for accelerometer(vibration parameters configuration)
Relevant Research Activities2) Network Security 1/2
Relevant Research Activities2) Network Security 2/2(Conf. paper accepted: ICCATE 2011)(Internal – Active:Intrusion Detection)Some experimental resultsID of theaffected node16detect<strong>in</strong>g nodes12, 15, 17authenticat<strong>in</strong>gnodesID of theaffected node22detect<strong>in</strong>g nodes14,23authenticat<strong>in</strong>gnodes21Displacement attack on node 16 Person <strong>in</strong> front of node 22
Relevant Research Activities3) MEMS SiC Pressure <strong>Sensor</strong>(Conf. paper accepted: CIMSim2011,Computational Intelligence, Model<strong>in</strong>g<strong>and</strong> Simulation 2011)Device cross sectionComSol TM Simulation for diaphragm deflectionat 0.5 MPsC(P) characteristics (to be l<strong>in</strong>earized)
Relevant Research Activities4) MEMS Energy Scaveng<strong>in</strong>gVibrationorUltrasoundmoteVibration electrostatic transducerorCMUT (capacitive micro-mach<strong>in</strong>ed ultrasonic transducer)
Agenda• Problem Def<strong>in</strong>ition• Technology Survey• Potential Applications• Project Achievements <strong>and</strong> Relevant Research• Future Work
Short Term: Next Phase Taskssee next slide
Channel–aware Network PerformanceSimulation for Node Deployment
Safety Issues <strong>in</strong> O&GHazardous Environment:The smallest electrical sparkexplosionWSNs reduce/elim<strong>in</strong>ate cables/connectorsmore safe_______________
Intermediate Term:IR-UWB <strong>in</strong> Industrial Applications 1/2802.15.4a• Baseb<strong>and</strong> communications (no mixer, LO, PLL,…) – simple CMOS TxRx• Low power, low data rate <strong>and</strong> long range• No multipath fad<strong>in</strong>g• High <strong>in</strong>terference immunity (key enabler for network co-existence)• Accurate ToF allow<strong>in</strong>g accurate node localization/track<strong>in</strong>g• Challeng<strong>in</strong>g design of energy-efficient <strong>and</strong> low-cost TxRx• Channel characterization challenge
Commercial IR-UWB 2/2Æther Wire & Location (USA) (http://www.aetherwire.com )• Low power, m<strong>in</strong>iature, distributed position location (“Localizers”) <strong>and</strong> communication devices.Pulse-L<strong>in</strong>k (USA) (Fantasma <strong>Networks</strong> IP) (http://www.pulsel<strong>in</strong>k.net/default.htm )• Development of UWB platform for short <strong>and</strong> long (km) range communication, position<strong>in</strong>g.Time Doma<strong>in</strong> (USA) (Pulse-ON technology) (http://www.time-doma<strong>in</strong>.com )• <strong>Wireless</strong> Communications (Home WLAN), Precision Location <strong>and</strong> Track<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Portable RadarMultiSpectral Solutions, Inc (MSSI) (USA) (http://www.multispectral.com )• High-speed communications networks <strong>and</strong> data l<strong>in</strong>ks, collision <strong>and</strong> obstacle avoidance radars, precisiongeo-location systems for personnel location <strong>and</strong> mapp<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>in</strong>telligent transportation systems.XtremeSpectrum (USA) (http://www.xtremespectrum.com )• First product announced for middle 2002McEwan Techologies (USA) (http://www.mcewantechnologies.com )• UWB radar sensor technology.
Long Term: Channel-Aware Plant Design
Thank You!!
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