On Point: the United States Army in Operation Iraqi ... - Boekje Pienter

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27. Perkins confirmed this via telephone with Colonel Gregory Fontenot US Army, Retired, 6 February2004.28. 10th Engineer Battalion. Memorandum for Record, Subject: Historical Record Keeping, 1 May 2003, 4.29. 3rd ID Consolidated Division History, 37.30. 1-9 FA, 5.31. TF 4-64 AR, “Tusker History, Operation Iraqi Freedom (19 Mar 03 – 12 April 03),” undated, 22-23.Interestingly the 3rd ID assessment report for the 31st reports the capture of a brigadier general. This report madeits way to CFLCC . It is possible someone else, possibly SOF, might have captured a brigadier general commandingthe 23rd Brigade, but the Tuskers don’t appear to have made that claim. Whether a brigadier was captured or not, theTuskers did capture soldiers assigned to the 23rd Brigade of the Nebuchadnezzar Division, and that is the notableintelligence garnered here.32. “3rd ID OIF Historical Document,” undated, 8.33. TF 4-64 AR, 22-23.34. 2nd BCT, 3rd ID. See also TF 4-64 AR and 3rd ID “OIF Historical Document, 27 April 2003,” 8.35. “3rd ID Comments on OIF and its Role in that War ,” 8.36. Ibid.37. 2nd BCT, 3rd ID, 8.38. 3rd ID “OIF Historical Document.”39. Lieutenant General William Wallace, commander, V Corps, interview by Colonel Timothy Cherry, 14May 2003.40. “OPORD 0303-343 (Cobra II Base Plan), Headquarters, V Corps, Camp VIRGINIA, Kuwait,” 13January 2003.41. Colonel Ben Hodges, commander, 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, interview by LieutenantColonel William Connor, US Army, Retired, 23 May 2003.42. Captain James A. Page, “The Battle for An Najaf: 30 March – 02 April 2003,” undated, 5.43. Hodges.44. Lieutenant General William Wallace, commander, V Corps (during OIF, interview by Colonel GregoryFontenot, US Army, Retired, Lieutenant Colonel E. J. Degen, and Major David Tohn, 7 August 2003.45. Major General Dave Petraeus, commander, 101st Airborne Division, interview by Colonel TimothyCherry, 21 May 2003.46. Captain James A. Page, 6. See also 101st Airborne Division decision brief on concept for isolation of AnNajaf, undated, and information briefing titled “Aviation Operations in Operation IRAQI FREEDOM,” undated.47. Lieutenant Colonel Marcus DeOliveira, commander, 1 –327 IN, “1-327 IN command briefing,” 24May 2003. During urban operations training, the BCTP’s Operations Group F demonstrated or discussed variousmapping tools and recommended providing the means to print maps at the lowest level possible. All deployed Armydivisions fielded one or more of these software tools and most bought “plotter printers” for at least their brigades.The 101st purchased plotters for every maneuver battalion.48. Petraeus.49. Lieutenant Colonel Christopher P. Hughes, commander, 2-327 IN, interview by Lieutenant ColonelWilliam Connor, US Army, Retired, 23 May 2003.50. Ibid. See also email from Lieutenant Colonel Hughes to Gregory Fontenot 20 October 2003 andinterview with Captain Thomas Ehrhart, commander, D 2-327 and Captain Alberto Garnica, commander, HHC 2327 by Major Pete Kilner, 22 May 2003.51. Hughes. See also email Hughes to Fontenot.52. Ibid.53. Ibid.54. Hodges.55. “101st Airborne Division After-Action Report,” 30 April 2003.56. Captain James A. Page, 12; Hughes.57. “101st Airborne Division After-Action Report,” 30 April 2003, Chapter 1, Brigade Combat Teams.58. Ibid.59. Lieutenant Colonel Jeffrey Ingram, commander, 2-70 AR, interview by Lieutenant Colonel DavidManning, 22 May 2003. Colleagues report that Ingram is absolutely calm.60. Ingram.324
61. Ibid. 2-70 AR; and Lieutenant Colonel Henry “Bill” Bennett, commander, 1-320 FA, interview byLieutenant Colonel William Pitts, 22 May 2003.62. Bennett.63. Ibid.64. Major John White, S3, 3 –101 AV, interview by Major Jonathan Gass, 23 May 2003. White, who did notfly that mission, believes the reported battle damage assessment almost certainly includes some double counting.Lieutenant Colonel Jeff Ingram, commander of 2-70 AR, does not necessarily doubt the number of BDA but doesbelieve that Lieutenant Colonel Bennett and his redlegs of 1-320 FA BN inflicted much of the damage.65. Ibid.66. 2-70 AR. That same day C/1-41 IN arrived and joined the task force at 1500.67. There is currently no way to verify the accuracy of this assertion. Evidence available is entirelycircumstantial. Specifically, subsequent attacks south from Objective SAINTS revealed that the enemy had orientedtheir defenses to the south toward Al Hillah. A map captured at Objective PEACH also suggests that the enemybelieved the corps would attack north on the eastern bank of the Euphrates. There is no documentary evidencebeyond the map and the orientation of the defenses upon which to make the case that the feint at Al Hillah producedthe desired outcome.68. Personal notes of Lieutenant Colonel Steven Smith, commander, 2-101 AV, collected by Major JonathanGass.69. Ibid.70. Ibid.71. Ibid.72. Lieutenant Colonel Scott Rutter, commander, TF 2-7 IN, interview by Lieutenant Colonel ArthurDurante, US Army, Retired, 15 May 2003.73. Major Michael A. Marti, S2, 2nd BCT, 82nd Airborne and Major Thomas J. Kardos, S3, 2nd BCT, 82ndAirborne, interviews by Major David Tohn, 17 May 2003.74. Colonel Arnold Bray, commander, 2nd BCT, 82nd Airborne Division, interview by Colonel GregoryFontenot, US Army, Retired, 5 November 2003. The OIF Study Group did not have the opportunity to interview asmany of the 2nd BCT troops and leaders as we would have liked. Colonel Bray spent an afternoon with the authors withhis records and journals and so is cited here often. Colonel Bray’s patience and his copious records proved invaluable.75. Ibid.76. Ibid.77. Ibid.78. Ibid.79. Ibid.80. Ibid.81. Lieutenant Colonel Ed Rowe, executive officer, 2nd BCT, 82nd Airborne Division, interview byLieutenant Colonel Arthur Durante, US Army, Retired, 17 May 2003.82. Marti and Kardos83. Ibid.84. Ibid.85. Kardos.86. Bray.87. Specialist John Hutto, HHC, 1-325 AIR, interview by Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Durante, US Army,Retired, 17 May 2003.88. Ibid.89. Mark Johnson, et. al: “In Southern Iraq, Low-Level Fighting Continues,” Knight Ridder Newspapers, 2April 2003, 2.90. Bray.91. Rowe.92. Ibid.93. Aamer Madhani, “Soldiers Cross Euphrates, Take Control of Bridges Around Samawah,” ChicagoTribune, 4 April 2003.94. Tom Lasseter and Mark Johnson, “Soldiers in Southern Iraq Fighting to Secure Bridges, Towns,”Knight Ridder Newspapers, 4 April 2003.95. Rowe.96. Tom Lasseter and Mark Johnson.325
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The United States Army inOperation
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-
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PrefaceOn Point is a study of Opera
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AcknowledgementsHistorians prefer t
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called him unkind names and questio
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Table of ContentsForeword..........
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Figure 78. 101st Airborne Division
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Table of Call Out BoxesThe SIPRNET
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The 8 April Counterattack .........
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Saddam Hussein and the Ba’athists
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Army special operations soldiers, a
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• Information and Knowledge. The
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successful battles and engagements
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timelines at the beginning of each
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Chapter 1Operation DESERT STORM to
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combat. The US Army’s AirLand Bat
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The domestic political landscape in
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was to experiment to anticipate cha
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The authors also attempted to accou
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The SIPRNET RevolutionIn addition t
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efore World War I. 16 The extended
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commanders to consider the battlesp
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presence is not possible. Moreover,
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• The Air Force’s C-17 Globemas
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GAO Report. Military Transformation
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On 20 September 2001, President Geo
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All of these efforts led to a sweep
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NOTES1. General Frederick M. Franks
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Chapter 2Prepare, Mobilize, and Dep
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joint organizations played central
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Figure 10. Key coalition camps and
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CLCC LOG and Title 10 PowerPoint pr
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Figure 17. Tern delivers Army water
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Pre-positioned EquipmentIn Europe d
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allies in the region in providing s
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organization to leverage joint inte
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surprise but allowed a gradual buil
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Figure 24. V Corps objectivesin any
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that supported them, while denying
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Webster and Spider Marks. Marine Br
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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completing its work in February. BC
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Figure 32. Soldiers posing with a D
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Figure 33. V Corps assault command
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ight thing to do. More than 6,200 s
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defense coordinator (TAAMCOORD), an
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attalion leadership, with the USARE
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The 18th MP Brigade, stationed in M
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and environment of Iraq. They condu
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proper mix of combat, CS, and CSS u
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Given all that can go wrong, the pe
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Jeremiah Johnson, Combat CameraFigu
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opportunities such as a sudden coll
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27. Major General Robert Blackman,
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80. Lieutenant Colonel John Huey, p
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Summary of EventsSaddam Hussein and
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• Breaching the berm at the borde
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humanitarian assistance supplies, w
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Intelligence Supporting Operational
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Moving the start of the ground camp
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Figure 42. PSYOP leaflets distribut
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Igor Paustovski, Combat CameraFigur
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Figure 45. Comparison of Iraqi grou
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to secure the first two primary obj
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Crossing The BermThey are coming to
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Figure 50. 3rd ID border breach sch
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covering forces rapidly and simulta
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After the aborted mission, morale s
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act of passing the change of route
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Figure 54. RRP EXXON and FARP SHELL
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Air Base (An Nasiriyah), seize the
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Figure 58. The 3rd BCT scheme of ma
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also captured more than 200 EPWs, i
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Figure 61. Division Central Collect
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Figure 63. Distance from Objective
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Figure 67. Routes of march north to
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Staff Sergeant Dillard Johnson, 1st
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did not see me and began to fire on
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At 1430 on 23 March, 3rd BCT took c
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During the fighting at As Samawah,
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24. Chief Warrant Officer 2 Jay Deh
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FLOYD, Johnson’s platoon fought y
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Army Spec. Joshua Earl,a military p
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April 1, 2003, black smoke rises fr
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US Army photoSgt. 1st Class Anothon
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Chapter 4The March Up-CountryI don
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Figure 74. March up-country sequenc
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working in the LSA and units moving
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Colonel Melvin Frazier, who command
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101st Abn Div AARFigure 78. 101st A
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Courtesy of V CorpsFigure 80. 3rd I
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All of the estimates accurately ass
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decided to break his convoy into tw
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Figure 86. The 507th route of movem
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Figure 87. The 507th Maintenance Co
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With 3rd BCT, 3rd ID securing the l
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However, employing LRS is not a Lon
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the attack on Baghdad. Practically
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Marcone and Grimsley justifiably ex
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Figure 92. Ambush Alley—officiall
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advantage in fighting in the dark.
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Robert Woodward, US ArmyFigure 93.
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Figure 95. Chemical soldiers from t
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all of them. From a broader perspec
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While never perfect, the Army and e
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Figure 96. 11th AHR attack scheme f
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Still, the regiment planned routes
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Moreover, with less than half of th
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Figure 99. Apache attack helicopter
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her husband had been shot and was i
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AdaptationsFollowing the attack, Ar
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PlanningThe planned 101st attack ag
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The 2-101st intended to attack the
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Figure 107. 3rd ID’s scheme to en
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followed. The third tank, Lieutenan
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the division elected to block the e
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3-73-7CAVCAVFightingFightingininAnA
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Figure 112. Relief in place of 3-7
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enemy as they had at As Samawah. Ar
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Figure 114. Lieutenant General Wall
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airborne assault, the units had beg
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From 29-30 March, the 82nd conducte
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Company at Checkpoint Charlie, subo
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towns during the five simultaneous
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Figure 124. PSYOP leaflets to minim
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The 173rd’s combat capability als
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moment. The ground had been plowed
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The brigade also jumped with a high
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Figure 129. TF 1-63 AR Abrams tank
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NOTES1. Captain Michael Matthews, O
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59. Colonel Rodney Mallette, MTMC,
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133. Oliver.134. Marcone.135. Ibid.
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202. Colonel Blair Ross, A Transfor
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to Baghdad in the east, and the I M
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Figure 133. Objectives in the vicin
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crossed a river or entered the maze
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three brigade combat teams, 1st BCT
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paid off in spades. ThroughoutI’v
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Figure 135. Enemy disposition in th
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ack toward Baghdad, and began condu
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Figure 140. Sample district council
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virtually every type of mission pos
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Lieutenant General Wallace on theFi
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Figure 144. Objective MURRAYabout I
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Figure 145. Enemy and friendly disp
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The Approach: Isolating An NajafAft
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130th Engineer BrigadeFigure 149. E
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When his battalion attacked into to
Page 330 and 331: The FeintAt 0600, the Thunderbolts
Page 332 and 333: on the way to Al Hillah. Accordingl
Page 334 and 335: that the adversary seldom behaves a
Page 336 and 337: learned from the 3rd ID, SOF troops
Page 338 and 339: The protracted fighting in As Samaw
Page 340 and 341: Figure 156. The scheme for the isol
Page 342 and 343: Launching the AttackHaving rearmed
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Page 346 and 347: Electronic attacks against enemy co
Page 348 and 349: Figure 164. TF 3-69 AR attacks to s
Page 350 and 351: The Smoke Mission at Objective PEAC
Page 352 and 353: Figure 166. 2nd BCT attacks to Obje
Page 354 and 355: Figure 168. Iraqi tank burning in t
Page 356 and 357: Accelerating the AttackDuring this
Page 358 and 359: The ApproachTrue to his word, Grims
Page 360 and 361: V CorpsFigure 171. Civilian aircraf
Page 362 and 363: First Lieutenant Mark Schenck, writ
Page 364 and 365: Essayons: Sergeant First Class Paul
Page 366 and 367: to one of the road craters at appro
Page 368 and 369: Figure 177. Platoon leaders of Apac
Page 370 and 371: Figure 179. The 3rd BCT Objectives
Page 372 and 373: TF 2-69 Armor, the brigade’s main
Page 374 and 375: Sanderson led from the front near t
Page 376 and 377: caught fire and ammunition began to
Page 379: NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
Page 383 and 384: 131. 2nd BCT, 3rd ID, 3. See also L
Page 385 and 386: Chapter 6Regime Collapse“There ar
Page 387 and 388: Figure 184. Attack to BaghdadBaghda
Page 389 and 390: Actions ElsewhereAs the corps’ an
Page 391 and 392: While some soldiers worked to help
Page 393 and 394: [of Saddam Hussein] were located. T
Page 395 and 396: These soldiers collect and process
Page 397 and 398: As the situation developed during t
Page 399 and 400: Despite the relative ease of their
Page 401 and 402: Mason Lowery, US ArmyFigure 190. TF
Page 403 and 404: Thunder Run of 7 AprilTask: Attack
Page 405 and 406: warrant. 40 If conditions wereGoing
Page 407 and 408: they came upon them, passing them o
Page 409 and 410: Figure 195. TF 1-64 AR movement int
Page 411 and 412: Figure 197. The 2nd BCT disposition
Page 413 and 414: dazed. The explosion and fires prod
Page 415 and 416: Specialist Gates took it it and ran
Page 417 and 418: Task OrganizationOn the evening bef
Page 419 and 420: LARRY, and Gator would secure the n
Page 421 and 422: The Pros from Dover—Special Force
Page 423 and 424: About the same time as Johnson move
Page 425 and 426: Rage faced dismounted Republican Gu
Page 427 and 428: Firing on all Cylinders— —Engin
Page 429 and 430: Figure 206. The Iraqi counterattack
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Figure 207. The Iraqi counterattack
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Silver Star RecommendationSpecialis
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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Post). This information comes from
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Chapter 7ImplicationsSoldiers, sail
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OIF demonstrated that the COE is no
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from the War in Iraq.” The Russia
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Bank and Gaza provided grist for Ar
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Although urban operations in OIF pr
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Fort Irwin “replicated” the ene
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level did have satellite communicat
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The evidence of OIF does not compel
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Of course, building a doctrine and
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also find ways to achieve interdepe
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Special Forces in ActionOn 20 20 Ap
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Liaison between Army special forces
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Simply stated, operational maneuver
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petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL
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Logistics SuccessesThere are some g
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Following the incident, the Army la
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Grouping so many capabilities in th
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The efficacy of net-enabled means t
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Information OperationsOperation OIF
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There are some obvious OIF implicat
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Most tactical unit commanders claim
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NOTES1. JFCOM and TRADOC are moving
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Chapter 8TransitionPeace enforcemen
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On Point has not been able to deliv
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I Guess I Made an ImpressionThis fi
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him the opportunity to honor his cl
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NOTES1. General Peter J. Schoomaker
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DESERT STORM as commander of VII Co
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Combined Forces Land Component Comm
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Facilities Engineer Team410th Milit
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244th Theater Aviation Brigade (OPC
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Facilities Engineer Detachment BFor
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Detachment/Marine Light Attack Heli
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Detachment/Marine Aerial Refueler/T
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4th Light Armored Recon Battalion (
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10th Logistics Planning Augmentatio
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315th Tactical PSYOP CoTactical PSY
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Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial Veh
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1st Brigade, 4th Infantry DivisionH
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Tactical PSYOP Team 221/362nd Tacti
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Control Ground Station Team 5/5/D/3
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Ground Surveillance Systems Platoon
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Eagle-Intel/Analysis and Control El
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A/326th Engineer BattalionTeam 1/27
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Elements/4th Air Support Operations
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864th Engineer Battalion (-) (Comba
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HHC (-)/22nd Signal Bde17th Signal
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51st Movement Control Detachment (D
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HHC/418th Quartermaster Bn59th Quar
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507th Medical Co (Air Ambulance) (A
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AMC Logistics Support Element FWD -
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381st Military Police Detachment (E
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513th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
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249th Quartermaster Co (Repair Part
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946th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
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Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 2
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Glossary A2C2AAAAAMDCAASLTABC-BLABC
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C1C2C2C2XC2PCC3C4C4ISRC5C6CACACOMCA
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EUCOMEXORDF/AFAFAIOFARPFBCB2FIFFIST
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JLOTSJOEJOPESJRACJRTCJSOTFJSOTF-NOR
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OBJODAODSOEFOHOIFOIF-SGO/OOOTWOPCON
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SOCCESOCCENTSOCOMSOFSOPSPSPACECOMSP
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BibliographyInterviews, Discussions
Page 567 and 568:
Group InterviewsInterview with CFLC
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Dilanian, Ken. “Airborne Jumps In
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Joint Publication 4-01.8. Joint Tac
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• 335th Theater Signal Command•
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Lieutenant Colonel David Kolleda.
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103 Military Intelligence Battalion
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603rd Aviation Support Battalion ·
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General, USMC, Chief of Staff, CFLC
Page 584 and 585:
Davis, Wilbur, Staff Sergeant, USA,
Page 586 and 587:
Operations Officer, National Ground
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219, 223, 243, 278, 296, 314, 331,
Page 590 and 591:
198, 284, 315Objective RAMS · 102,
Page 592 and 593:
427, 430, 518Schwartz, Eric ‘Rick
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USS Higgins, Aegis Destroyer · 65,
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The United Strates Army in Opera
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