On Point: the United States Army in Operation Iraqi ... - Boekje Pienter

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mounted and dismounted regular army and Republican Guard forces. These troops attackedusing T-72 tanks, BMP-1 armored personnel carriers, and large-caliber antiaircraft weaponsemployed in the direct-fire mode. Several hundred enemy troops lurked along the road ina trench and bunker complex built among the palms and brush. Others occupied preparedpositions in adjacent buildings dominating the interchange. 105A/3-15 IN, Gator, commanded by Captain Josh Wright, led the task force’s attack upHighway 8. Following the Tuskers of TF 4-64 AR through CURLEY and LARRY, the companykilled an estimated 30 Iraqis firing from trenches and buildings on the way to Objective MOE.The objective proved a veritable hornets’ nest of resistance, constantly reinforced by the enemystreaming in from the east and west. As soon as Gator arrived, Iraqis driving armed civilianvehicles and suicidal attackers driving trucks packed with explosives also attacked toward thecloverleaf. Iraqi infantry swarmed into the area and occupied positions behind some low wallsnear the objective and in the buildings dominating the cloverleaf. Gator came under intense360-degree direct and indirect fire. 106Captain Wright concluded he needed to clear the objective before he tried to defend it.First the company swept the enemy from the immediate objective area. Then Wright sentFirst Lieutenant Daniel Van Kirk’s tank platoon deeper into the city, north of MOE, where itdestroyed several Iraqi strong points established in buildings, some air defense guns firing inthe direct-fire mode, and multiple Iraqi armored vehicles. 107After Van Kirk returned, the company consolidated on Objective MOE. The engineerplatoon, led by First Lieutenant Adam Hess and his platoon sergeant, Sergeant First Class JerodPalmer, blocked approaches to MOE by cutting down light poles to form a modern version ofthe ancient abatis. They also used an ACE to push debris and burning cars into defensive berms.These efforts proved worthwhile when the obstacles helped break up a savage last-light attackthat climaxed with the destruction of a car bomb just 60 meters from the perimeter. 108In 8 hours of sustained combat using direct fire and six “danger-close” mortar missionsand 20 “danger-close” artillery missions, the Gators destroyed more than 60 Iraqi vehiclesand killed as many as 200 enemy infantrymen. Like the rest of the task force and brigade, thecompany team was desperately short of ammunition. During the day’s fight, Gators fired twiceits basic load of ammunition and nearly ran out of fuel. 109Resupplying the BrigadeAs TF 2-7 IN arrived at CURLEY, Captain Johnson raced north with the supply column.Lieutenant Colonel Twitty radioed Johnson not to stop at LARRY but to keep going to MOEso the northernmost task forces could be resupplied. Accordingly, Johnson and the precioustrucks raced right through LARRY. From his vantage point on the overpass, Twitty saw themgo through. “Drivers were hunched down low in the cabs, driving with their left hand and firingtheir M-16s out the window with their right.” 110 According to Twitty they were making goodtime. “I watched Ronny Johnson and the convoy roar past us on the way to Objective MOE.It was an incredible sight! Drivers and [track commanders] were firing as fast as they could,and they were flying! They must have been going 50 miles an hour when they passed me. I justcheered them on.” 111370
Firing on all Cylinders— —Engineers at Objective MOEOn 7 April, as Spartan Brigade’s Task Forces 1-64 AR and 4-64 AR sliced into Baghdad, TF 3-15 INhad the mission to secure their LOC. To do so, it developed three objectives—LARRY, CURLEY,and MOE—interchanges along Highway 8. 8. By By holding these these objectives, TF 3-15 TF 3-15 could could keep keep the LOC theLOC open, open, which which was critical was critical because because the Spartan the Spartan Brigade Brigade attacked attacked into the into city the without city without their logistics theirlogistics trains. trains.TF 3-15 IN’s Gator would secure Objective MOE. To do so, Captain Josh Wright had two M2platoons, an M1 platoon, and an engineer platoon led by First Lieutenant Adam Hess. Wright knewthat his unit would be fighting a 360-degree battle against numerically superior forces. He gave hisengineers a simple yet critical mission: delay enemy mounted and dismounted access to the objectiveto enable direct-fire systems to engage them, while leaving open one north-south lane for the LOC.Hess considered the situation. He knew that speed would be critical. As soon as the enemy forces real-realizedwhere Gator was establishing its position, they would mass forces and attack. They would comefast and furious: tanks and BMPs, RPGs, suicide cars, buses, and trucks—all attacking in droves.Hess had 2nd Platoon, B/11th Engineers’ ACE, dismounted sappers, and an M113 with a mounted.50-caliber machine gun. He couldn’t carry barrier material, so he would have to use existing terrain.After surviving “RPG Alley” along Highway 8, Gator arrived at MOE. The engineers went straightinto action. Hess sent the ACE to the most dangerous avenue of approach to dig ditches and berms inroads, push down palm trees to create obstacles and clear fields of fire, and move destroyed vehiclesto make more obstacles.Meanwhile, the sappers, under Sergeant First Class Jerod Palmer, used cutting charges to fell lightposts and create an aluminum abatis. Sergeant First Class Ford, a tank commander on the scene,recalling the sappers’ actions, noted, “I saw these dismounts running out in front of us, into thefirefight, and I said ‘Whoa, let’s pull up and cover them.’” Blowing anything that would impedemobility—light posts, road signs—the sappers made demolition calculations on the fly. They setcharges, dove behind tanks or their APC, waited for the blast, and then moved to their next target.“Everyone was clicking on the same cylinder,” said Hess. “They knew that they were fighting aflesh-to-steel battle when they were out there, so they were jumping. The .50-caliber machine gunnerknew he had to lay great fire, and he did. The driver put the track in a place to protect the guys on theground. The sappers had one guy doing calculations, another measuring the charge, another placingit, another doing the MDI [detonator]. Everyone did what needed to be done.”To the north, Sergeant Jason Millett drove his ACE out into the fray, pushing palm trees as he went.Soon, the Bradleys and tanks had destroyed enough attacking cars and trucks for Millett to use thewrecks to create obstacles. On two occasions, surviving attackers emerged from destroyed vehicles.Sergeant Millett engaged them with his 9mm, shooting out from his ACE’s clamshell. At one point inthe battle, Gator soldiers destroyed a bus packed with explosives when it was only 60 meters awayfrom their perimeter. “Without the obstacles, it would have gotten us,” said one Gator sergeant.After 17 hours of of continuous fighting, the the enemy had had seen seen enough. Gator Gator had had prevailed. prevailed. But the But fight thefight was intense; was intense; at one point at one they point were they “black” were on “black” .50-caliber, on .50-caliber, 7.62mm coax, 7.62mm and small-arms coax, and ammunition. small-armsammunition. The tank platoon The tank fired platoon 12,000 rounds fired 12,000 of 7.62mm rounds in of the 7.62mm first 10 in hours the first of 10 the hours fight. of Gator the fight. suffered Gator 11suffered wounded 11 soldiers, wounded but soldiers, fortunately but no fortunately soldiers died. no soldiers After the died. fighting After ended, the fighting Sergeant ended, Millet Sergeant used hisMillet ACE to used dig his a trench ACE and to dig bury a trench the enemy and bury dead the that enemy filled dead the fields that filled around the MOE. fields around MOE.Extracted from 2nd Platoon, A Company, 10th EN Unit History371
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The United States Army inOperation
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-
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PrefaceOn Point is a study of Opera
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AcknowledgementsHistorians prefer t
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called him unkind names and questio
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Table of ContentsForeword..........
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Figure 78. 101st Airborne Division
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Table of Call Out BoxesThe SIPRNET
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The 8 April Counterattack .........
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Saddam Hussein and the Ba’athists
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Army special operations soldiers, a
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• Information and Knowledge. The
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successful battles and engagements
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timelines at the beginning of each
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Chapter 1Operation DESERT STORM to
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combat. The US Army’s AirLand Bat
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The domestic political landscape in
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was to experiment to anticipate cha
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The authors also attempted to accou
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The SIPRNET RevolutionIn addition t
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efore World War I. 16 The extended
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commanders to consider the battlesp
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presence is not possible. Moreover,
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• The Air Force’s C-17 Globemas
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GAO Report. Military Transformation
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On 20 September 2001, President Geo
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All of these efforts led to a sweep
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NOTES1. General Frederick M. Franks
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Chapter 2Prepare, Mobilize, and Dep
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joint organizations played central
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Figure 10. Key coalition camps and
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CLCC LOG and Title 10 PowerPoint pr
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Figure 17. Tern delivers Army water
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Pre-positioned EquipmentIn Europe d
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allies in the region in providing s
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organization to leverage joint inte
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surprise but allowed a gradual buil
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Figure 24. V Corps objectivesin any
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that supported them, while denying
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Webster and Spider Marks. Marine Br
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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completing its work in February. BC
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Figure 32. Soldiers posing with a D
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Figure 33. V Corps assault command
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ight thing to do. More than 6,200 s
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defense coordinator (TAAMCOORD), an
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attalion leadership, with the USARE
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The 18th MP Brigade, stationed in M
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and environment of Iraq. They condu
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proper mix of combat, CS, and CSS u
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Given all that can go wrong, the pe
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Jeremiah Johnson, Combat CameraFigu
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opportunities such as a sudden coll
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27. Major General Robert Blackman,
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80. Lieutenant Colonel John Huey, p
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Summary of EventsSaddam Hussein and
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• Breaching the berm at the borde
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humanitarian assistance supplies, w
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Intelligence Supporting Operational
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Moving the start of the ground camp
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Figure 42. PSYOP leaflets distribut
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Igor Paustovski, Combat CameraFigur
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Figure 45. Comparison of Iraqi grou
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to secure the first two primary obj
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Crossing The BermThey are coming to
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Figure 50. 3rd ID border breach sch
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covering forces rapidly and simulta
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After the aborted mission, morale s
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act of passing the change of route
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Figure 54. RRP EXXON and FARP SHELL
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Air Base (An Nasiriyah), seize the
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Figure 58. The 3rd BCT scheme of ma
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also captured more than 200 EPWs, i
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Figure 61. Division Central Collect
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Figure 63. Distance from Objective
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Figure 67. Routes of march north to
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Staff Sergeant Dillard Johnson, 1st
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did not see me and began to fire on
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At 1430 on 23 March, 3rd BCT took c
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During the fighting at As Samawah,
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24. Chief Warrant Officer 2 Jay Deh
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FLOYD, Johnson’s platoon fought y
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Army Spec. Joshua Earl,a military p
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April 1, 2003, black smoke rises fr
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US Army photoSgt. 1st Class Anothon
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Chapter 4The March Up-CountryI don
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Figure 74. March up-country sequenc
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working in the LSA and units moving
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Colonel Melvin Frazier, who command
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101st Abn Div AARFigure 78. 101st A
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Courtesy of V CorpsFigure 80. 3rd I
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All of the estimates accurately ass
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decided to break his convoy into tw
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Figure 86. The 507th route of movem
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Figure 87. The 507th Maintenance Co
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With 3rd BCT, 3rd ID securing the l
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However, employing LRS is not a Lon
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the attack on Baghdad. Practically
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Marcone and Grimsley justifiably ex
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Figure 92. Ambush Alley—officiall
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advantage in fighting in the dark.
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Robert Woodward, US ArmyFigure 93.
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Figure 95. Chemical soldiers from t
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all of them. From a broader perspec
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While never perfect, the Army and e
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Figure 96. 11th AHR attack scheme f
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Still, the regiment planned routes
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Moreover, with less than half of th
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Figure 99. Apache attack helicopter
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her husband had been shot and was i
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AdaptationsFollowing the attack, Ar
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PlanningThe planned 101st attack ag
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The 2-101st intended to attack the
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Figure 107. 3rd ID’s scheme to en
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followed. The third tank, Lieutenan
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the division elected to block the e
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3-73-7CAVCAVFightingFightingininAnA
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Figure 112. Relief in place of 3-7
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enemy as they had at As Samawah. Ar
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Figure 114. Lieutenant General Wall
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airborne assault, the units had beg
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From 29-30 March, the 82nd conducte
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Company at Checkpoint Charlie, subo
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towns during the five simultaneous
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Figure 124. PSYOP leaflets to minim
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The 173rd’s combat capability als
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moment. The ground had been plowed
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The brigade also jumped with a high
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Figure 129. TF 1-63 AR Abrams tank
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NOTES1. Captain Michael Matthews, O
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59. Colonel Rodney Mallette, MTMC,
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133. Oliver.134. Marcone.135. Ibid.
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202. Colonel Blair Ross, A Transfor
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to Baghdad in the east, and the I M
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Figure 133. Objectives in the vicin
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crossed a river or entered the maze
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three brigade combat teams, 1st BCT
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paid off in spades. ThroughoutI’v
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Figure 135. Enemy disposition in th
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ack toward Baghdad, and began condu
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Figure 140. Sample district council
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virtually every type of mission pos
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Lieutenant General Wallace on theFi
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Figure 144. Objective MURRAYabout I
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Figure 145. Enemy and friendly disp
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The Approach: Isolating An NajafAft
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130th Engineer BrigadeFigure 149. E
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When his battalion attacked into to
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The FeintAt 0600, the Thunderbolts
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on the way to Al Hillah. Accordingl
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that the adversary seldom behaves a
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learned from the 3rd ID, SOF troops
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The protracted fighting in As Samaw
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Figure 156. The scheme for the isol
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Launching the AttackHaving rearmed
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IN and the tactical command post—
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Electronic attacks against enemy co
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Figure 164. TF 3-69 AR attacks to s
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The Smoke Mission at Objective PEAC
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Figure 166. 2nd BCT attacks to Obje
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Figure 168. Iraqi tank burning in t
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Accelerating the AttackDuring this
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The ApproachTrue to his word, Grims
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V CorpsFigure 171. Civilian aircraf
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First Lieutenant Mark Schenck, writ
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Essayons: Sergeant First Class Paul
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to one of the road craters at appro
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Figure 177. Platoon leaders of Apac
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Figure 179. The 3rd BCT Objectives
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TF 2-69 Armor, the brigade’s main
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Sanderson led from the front near t
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Page 379 and 380: NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
Page 381 and 382: 61. Ibid. 2-70 AR; and Lieutenant C
Page 383 and 384: 131. 2nd BCT, 3rd ID, 3. See also L
Page 385 and 386: Chapter 6Regime Collapse“There ar
Page 387 and 388: Figure 184. Attack to BaghdadBaghda
Page 389 and 390: Actions ElsewhereAs the corps’ an
Page 391 and 392: While some soldiers worked to help
Page 393 and 394: [of Saddam Hussein] were located. T
Page 395 and 396: These soldiers collect and process
Page 397 and 398: As the situation developed during t
Page 399 and 400: Despite the relative ease of their
Page 401 and 402: Mason Lowery, US ArmyFigure 190. TF
Page 403 and 404: Thunder Run of 7 AprilTask: Attack
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Page 407 and 408: they came upon them, passing them o
Page 409 and 410: Figure 195. TF 1-64 AR movement int
Page 411 and 412: Figure 197. The 2nd BCT disposition
Page 413 and 414: dazed. The explosion and fires prod
Page 415 and 416: Specialist Gates took it it and ran
Page 417 and 418: Task OrganizationOn the evening bef
Page 419 and 420: LARRY, and Gator would secure the n
Page 421 and 422: The Pros from Dover—Special Force
Page 423 and 424: About the same time as Johnson move
Page 425: Rage faced dismounted Republican Gu
Page 429 and 430: Figure 206. The Iraqi counterattack
Page 431 and 432: Figure 207. The Iraqi counterattack
Page 433 and 434: Silver Star RecommendationSpecialis
Page 435 and 436: NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
Page 437 and 438: Post). This information comes from
Page 439 and 440: Chapter 7ImplicationsSoldiers, sail
Page 441 and 442: OIF demonstrated that the COE is no
Page 443 and 444: from the War in Iraq.” The Russia
Page 445 and 446: Bank and Gaza provided grist for Ar
Page 447 and 448: Although urban operations in OIF pr
Page 449 and 450: Fort Irwin “replicated” the ene
Page 451 and 452: level did have satellite communicat
Page 453 and 454: The evidence of OIF does not compel
Page 455 and 456: Of course, building a doctrine and
Page 457 and 458: also find ways to achieve interdepe
Page 459 and 460: Special Forces in ActionOn 20 20 Ap
Page 461 and 462: Liaison between Army special forces
Page 463 and 464: Simply stated, operational maneuver
Page 465 and 466: petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL
Page 467 and 468: Logistics SuccessesThere are some g
Page 469 and 470: Following the incident, the Army la
Page 471 and 472: Grouping so many capabilities in th
Page 473 and 474: The efficacy of net-enabled means t
Page 475 and 476: Information OperationsOperation OIF
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There are some obvious OIF implicat
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Most tactical unit commanders claim
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NOTES1. JFCOM and TRADOC are moving
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Chapter 8TransitionPeace enforcemen
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On Point has not been able to deliv
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I Guess I Made an ImpressionThis fi
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him the opportunity to honor his cl
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NOTES1. General Peter J. Schoomaker
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DESERT STORM as commander of VII Co
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Combined Forces Land Component Comm
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Facilities Engineer Team410th Milit
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244th Theater Aviation Brigade (OPC
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Facilities Engineer Detachment BFor
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Detachment/Marine Light Attack Heli
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Detachment/Marine Aerial Refueler/T
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4th Light Armored Recon Battalion (
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10th Logistics Planning Augmentatio
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315th Tactical PSYOP CoTactical PSY
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Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial Veh
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1st Brigade, 4th Infantry DivisionH
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Tactical PSYOP Team 221/362nd Tacti
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Control Ground Station Team 5/5/D/3
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Ground Surveillance Systems Platoon
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Eagle-Intel/Analysis and Control El
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A/326th Engineer BattalionTeam 1/27
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Elements/4th Air Support Operations
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864th Engineer Battalion (-) (Comba
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HHC (-)/22nd Signal Bde17th Signal
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51st Movement Control Detachment (D
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HHC/418th Quartermaster Bn59th Quar
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507th Medical Co (Air Ambulance) (A
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AMC Logistics Support Element FWD -
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381st Military Police Detachment (E
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513th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
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249th Quartermaster Co (Repair Part
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946th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
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Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 2
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Glossary A2C2AAAAAMDCAASLTABC-BLABC
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C1C2C2C2XC2PCC3C4C4ISRC5C6CACACOMCA
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EUCOMEXORDF/AFAFAIOFARPFBCB2FIFFIST
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JLOTSJOEJOPESJRACJRTCJSOTFJSOTF-NOR
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OBJODAODSOEFOHOIFOIF-SGO/OOOTWOPCON
Page 563 and 564:
SOCCESOCCENTSOCOMSOFSOPSPSPACECOMSP
Page 565 and 566:
BibliographyInterviews, Discussions
Page 567 and 568:
Group InterviewsInterview with CFLC
Page 569 and 570:
Dilanian, Ken. “Airborne Jumps In
Page 571 and 572:
Joint Publication 4-01.8. Joint Tac
Page 573 and 574:
• 335th Theater Signal Command•
Page 575:
Lieutenant Colonel David Kolleda.
Page 578 and 579:
103 Military Intelligence Battalion
Page 580 and 581:
603rd Aviation Support Battalion ·
Page 582 and 583:
General, USMC, Chief of Staff, CFLC
Page 584 and 585:
Davis, Wilbur, Staff Sergeant, USA,
Page 586 and 587:
Operations Officer, National Ground
Page 588 and 589:
219, 223, 243, 278, 296, 314, 331,
Page 590 and 591:
198, 284, 315Objective RAMS · 102,
Page 592 and 593:
427, 430, 518Schwartz, Eric ‘Rick
Page 594 and 595:
USS Higgins, Aegis Destroyer · 65,
Page 598:
The United Strates Army in Opera
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