On Point: the United States Army in Operation Iraqi ... - Boekje Pienter

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Books/ArticlesArnold, Steven L. “Somalia: An Operation Other Than War.” Military Review. December1993.Arnoldy, Ben. “Syrian Volunteers Fought US Troops In Southern Iraq.” Christian ScienceMonitor, 11 April 2003.Battle Labs, Maintaining the Edge. TRADOC Pamphlet. Fort Monroe, Virginia, 1994.“Battle of Debecka Ridge Summary Brief.” Colonel Michael Beasock. TRADOC SystemsManager for Close Combat Missiles. US Army Infantry School. Fort Benning, GA, undated.Biddle, Stephen. Afghanistan and the Future of Warfare: Implications for Army and DefensePolicy. Strategic Studies Institute: November 2002.Bowden, Mark. Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press,1999.Buchanan, Allen. “Self-Determination, Secession, and the Rule of Law” in Robert McKim andJeff McMahan, eds. The Morality of Nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press,1997.Bykosfsky, Joseph, and Harold Larson. The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas.Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1957.Castillo, Victor. “Why An Army? Full Dimensional Operations and Digitization” (Power-Point presentation), , accessedon 11 October 2003. Since October 2003 the Army has updated this website and deletedCastillo’s chart.Collins, Lieutenant Colonel Tom. Forward Deployed Army Force in Italy Proved its WorthDuring Iraq War (Draft), unpublished.Connel, Rich and Robert J. Lopez. “A Deadly Day for Charlie Company.” Los Angles Times,26 August 2003.Cooper, Belton Y. Death Traps: The Survival of an American Armored Division in World WarII. New York: Random House Ballantine Books, 1998.Cordesman, Anthony H. The Iraq War: Strategy, Tactics, and Military Lessons. The CSISPress. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington, DC. September 2003.Cox, Mathew. “Stretched Thin.” Army Times, 23 June 2003.Czerwinski, Tom. Coping with Bounds: Speculations on Non-Linearity in Military Affairs.Washington, DC: NDU Press, 1998.Damrosch, Lori F. Enforcing Restraint: Collective Intervention in Internal Confl icts. New York:Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1993.Department of the Army, The Way Ahead, Our Army at War. , accessed 17 December 2003.512
Dilanian, Ken. “Airborne Jumps Into Northern Iraq.” Philadelphia Inquirer. Knight RidderNewspapers, 26 March 2003.Durch, William J. and James A. Schear. “Faultlines: UN Operations in the Former Yugoslavia.”Ed. William J. Durch. UN Peacekeeping, American Policy, and the Uncivil Wars of the1990s, 1990-2000.Forward . . .From the Sea. United States Navy, Washington DC, Dept of the Navy, 1994.Franks, General Frederick M. Jr. “TRADOC at 20: Where Tomorrow’s Victories Begin.”ARMY, October 1993Glenn, Dr. Russ. Heavy Matter: Urban Operations Density of Challenges. Santa Monica, California,RAND, 2001.Grahm, Bradley, and Vernon Loeb. “An Air War of Might, Coordination, and Risks.” WashingtonPost, 27 April 2003.Hargrove-Simon, Elaine, “Journalists Who Lost Their Lives in the War with Iraq.” Silha Bulletin,University of Minnesota. Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law. Spring2003- Special Issue, Volume 8, Number 3.Johnson, Mark, et. al. “In Southern Iraq, Low-Level Fighting Continues.” Knight Ridder Newspapers,2 April 2003.Lasseter, Tom and Mark Johnson. “Soldiers in Southern Iraq Fighting to Secure Bridges,Towns.” Knight Ridder Newspapers, 4 April 2003.Madhani, Aamer. “Soldiers Cross Euphrates, Take Control of Bridges Around Samawah.” ChicagoTribune, 4 April 2003.Manwaring, Max G. “Peace and Stability Lessons from Bosnia.” Parameters, Winter 1998.Matthews, James K. and Cora J. Holt. So Many, So Far, So Fast: United States TransportationCommand and Strategic Deployment for Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. Washington,DC, 1992.Merritt, General Jack N. US Army, Retired. “A Talk With the Chief,” ARMY, June 1995.Murray, Williamson, and Major General Robert H. Scales, Jr. The Iraq War, A Military History.Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.Nair, Brigadier V.K. War in the Gulf: Lessons for the 3rd World. New Delhi: Lancer International,1991.Peacekeeping and the Challenge of Civil Confl ict Resolution. ed. David A. Charters. Center forConflict Studies, University of New Brunswick, 1994.President George W. Bush. public radio address. 2030, 11 September 2001. Capitol, Washington,DC. Transcript from, , accessed 15 July 2003.President George W. Bush. Address to Congress. 20 September 2001. Capitol, Washington,DC. Transcript from , accessed 15 July 2003.513
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The United States Army inOperation
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-
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PrefaceOn Point is a study of Opera
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AcknowledgementsHistorians prefer t
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called him unkind names and questio
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Table of ContentsForeword..........
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Figure 78. 101st Airborne Division
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Table of Call Out BoxesThe SIPRNET
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The 8 April Counterattack .........
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Saddam Hussein and the Ba’athists
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Army special operations soldiers, a
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• Information and Knowledge. The
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successful battles and engagements
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timelines at the beginning of each
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Chapter 1Operation DESERT STORM to
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combat. The US Army’s AirLand Bat
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The domestic political landscape in
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was to experiment to anticipate cha
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The authors also attempted to accou
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The SIPRNET RevolutionIn addition t
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efore World War I. 16 The extended
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commanders to consider the battlesp
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presence is not possible. Moreover,
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• The Air Force’s C-17 Globemas
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GAO Report. Military Transformation
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On 20 September 2001, President Geo
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All of these efforts led to a sweep
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NOTES1. General Frederick M. Franks
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Chapter 2Prepare, Mobilize, and Dep
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joint organizations played central
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Figure 10. Key coalition camps and
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CLCC LOG and Title 10 PowerPoint pr
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Figure 17. Tern delivers Army water
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Pre-positioned EquipmentIn Europe d
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allies in the region in providing s
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organization to leverage joint inte
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surprise but allowed a gradual buil
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Figure 24. V Corps objectivesin any
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that supported them, while denying
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Webster and Spider Marks. Marine Br
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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completing its work in February. BC
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Figure 32. Soldiers posing with a D
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Figure 33. V Corps assault command
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ight thing to do. More than 6,200 s
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defense coordinator (TAAMCOORD), an
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attalion leadership, with the USARE
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The 18th MP Brigade, stationed in M
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and environment of Iraq. They condu
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proper mix of combat, CS, and CSS u
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Given all that can go wrong, the pe
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Jeremiah Johnson, Combat CameraFigu
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opportunities such as a sudden coll
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27. Major General Robert Blackman,
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80. Lieutenant Colonel John Huey, p
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Summary of EventsSaddam Hussein and
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• Breaching the berm at the borde
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humanitarian assistance supplies, w
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Intelligence Supporting Operational
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Moving the start of the ground camp
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Figure 42. PSYOP leaflets distribut
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Igor Paustovski, Combat CameraFigur
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Figure 45. Comparison of Iraqi grou
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to secure the first two primary obj
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Crossing The BermThey are coming to
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Figure 50. 3rd ID border breach sch
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covering forces rapidly and simulta
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After the aborted mission, morale s
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act of passing the change of route
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Figure 54. RRP EXXON and FARP SHELL
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Air Base (An Nasiriyah), seize the
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Figure 58. The 3rd BCT scheme of ma
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also captured more than 200 EPWs, i
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Figure 61. Division Central Collect
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Figure 63. Distance from Objective
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Figure 67. Routes of march north to
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Staff Sergeant Dillard Johnson, 1st
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did not see me and began to fire on
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At 1430 on 23 March, 3rd BCT took c
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During the fighting at As Samawah,
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24. Chief Warrant Officer 2 Jay Deh
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FLOYD, Johnson’s platoon fought y
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Army Spec. Joshua Earl,a military p
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April 1, 2003, black smoke rises fr
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US Army photoSgt. 1st Class Anothon
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Chapter 4The March Up-CountryI don
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Figure 74. March up-country sequenc
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working in the LSA and units moving
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Colonel Melvin Frazier, who command
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101st Abn Div AARFigure 78. 101st A
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Courtesy of V CorpsFigure 80. 3rd I
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All of the estimates accurately ass
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decided to break his convoy into tw
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Figure 86. The 507th route of movem
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Figure 87. The 507th Maintenance Co
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With 3rd BCT, 3rd ID securing the l
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However, employing LRS is not a Lon
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the attack on Baghdad. Practically
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Marcone and Grimsley justifiably ex
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Figure 92. Ambush Alley—officiall
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advantage in fighting in the dark.
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Robert Woodward, US ArmyFigure 93.
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Figure 95. Chemical soldiers from t
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all of them. From a broader perspec
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While never perfect, the Army and e
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Figure 96. 11th AHR attack scheme f
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Still, the regiment planned routes
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Moreover, with less than half of th
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Figure 99. Apache attack helicopter
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her husband had been shot and was i
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AdaptationsFollowing the attack, Ar
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PlanningThe planned 101st attack ag
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The 2-101st intended to attack the
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Figure 107. 3rd ID’s scheme to en
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followed. The third tank, Lieutenan
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the division elected to block the e
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3-73-7CAVCAVFightingFightingininAnA
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Figure 112. Relief in place of 3-7
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enemy as they had at As Samawah. Ar
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Figure 114. Lieutenant General Wall
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airborne assault, the units had beg
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From 29-30 March, the 82nd conducte
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Company at Checkpoint Charlie, subo
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towns during the five simultaneous
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Figure 124. PSYOP leaflets to minim
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The 173rd’s combat capability als
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moment. The ground had been plowed
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The brigade also jumped with a high
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Figure 129. TF 1-63 AR Abrams tank
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NOTES1. Captain Michael Matthews, O
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59. Colonel Rodney Mallette, MTMC,
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133. Oliver.134. Marcone.135. Ibid.
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202. Colonel Blair Ross, A Transfor
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to Baghdad in the east, and the I M
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Figure 133. Objectives in the vicin
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crossed a river or entered the maze
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three brigade combat teams, 1st BCT
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paid off in spades. ThroughoutI’v
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Figure 135. Enemy disposition in th
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ack toward Baghdad, and began condu
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Figure 140. Sample district council
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virtually every type of mission pos
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Lieutenant General Wallace on theFi
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Figure 144. Objective MURRAYabout I
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Figure 145. Enemy and friendly disp
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The Approach: Isolating An NajafAft
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130th Engineer BrigadeFigure 149. E
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When his battalion attacked into to
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The FeintAt 0600, the Thunderbolts
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on the way to Al Hillah. Accordingl
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that the adversary seldom behaves a
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learned from the 3rd ID, SOF troops
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The protracted fighting in As Samaw
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Figure 156. The scheme for the isol
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Launching the AttackHaving rearmed
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IN and the tactical command post—
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Electronic attacks against enemy co
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Figure 164. TF 3-69 AR attacks to s
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The Smoke Mission at Objective PEAC
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Figure 166. 2nd BCT attacks to Obje
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Figure 168. Iraqi tank burning in t
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Accelerating the AttackDuring this
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The ApproachTrue to his word, Grims
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V CorpsFigure 171. Civilian aircraf
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First Lieutenant Mark Schenck, writ
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Essayons: Sergeant First Class Paul
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to one of the road craters at appro
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Figure 177. Platoon leaders of Apac
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Figure 179. The 3rd BCT Objectives
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TF 2-69 Armor, the brigade’s main
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Sanderson led from the front near t
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caught fire and ammunition began to
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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61. Ibid. 2-70 AR; and Lieutenant C
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131. 2nd BCT, 3rd ID, 3. See also L
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Chapter 6Regime Collapse“There ar
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Figure 184. Attack to BaghdadBaghda
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Actions ElsewhereAs the corps’ an
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While some soldiers worked to help
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[of Saddam Hussein] were located. T
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These soldiers collect and process
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As the situation developed during t
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Despite the relative ease of their
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Mason Lowery, US ArmyFigure 190. TF
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Thunder Run of 7 AprilTask: Attack
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warrant. 40 If conditions wereGoing
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they came upon them, passing them o
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Figure 195. TF 1-64 AR movement int
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Figure 197. The 2nd BCT disposition
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dazed. The explosion and fires prod
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Specialist Gates took it it and ran
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Task OrganizationOn the evening bef
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LARRY, and Gator would secure the n
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The Pros from Dover—Special Force
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About the same time as Johnson move
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Rage faced dismounted Republican Gu
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Firing on all Cylinders— —Engin
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Figure 206. The Iraqi counterattack
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Figure 207. The Iraqi counterattack
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Silver Star RecommendationSpecialis
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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Post). This information comes from
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Chapter 7ImplicationsSoldiers, sail
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OIF demonstrated that the COE is no
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from the War in Iraq.” The Russia
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Bank and Gaza provided grist for Ar
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Although urban operations in OIF pr
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Fort Irwin “replicated” the ene
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level did have satellite communicat
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The evidence of OIF does not compel
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Of course, building a doctrine and
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also find ways to achieve interdepe
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Special Forces in ActionOn 20 20 Ap
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Liaison between Army special forces
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Simply stated, operational maneuver
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petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL
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Logistics SuccessesThere are some g
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Following the incident, the Army la
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Grouping so many capabilities in th
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The efficacy of net-enabled means t
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Information OperationsOperation OIF
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There are some obvious OIF implicat
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Most tactical unit commanders claim
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NOTES1. JFCOM and TRADOC are moving
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Chapter 8TransitionPeace enforcemen
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On Point has not been able to deliv
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I Guess I Made an ImpressionThis fi
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him the opportunity to honor his cl
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NOTES1. General Peter J. Schoomaker
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DESERT STORM as commander of VII Co
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Combined Forces Land Component Comm
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Facilities Engineer Team410th Milit
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244th Theater Aviation Brigade (OPC
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Facilities Engineer Detachment BFor
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Detachment/Marine Light Attack Heli
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Detachment/Marine Aerial Refueler/T
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4th Light Armored Recon Battalion (
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10th Logistics Planning Augmentatio
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315th Tactical PSYOP CoTactical PSY
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Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial Veh
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Page 527 and 528: A/326th Engineer BattalionTeam 1/27
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Page 533 and 534: HHC (-)/22nd Signal Bde17th Signal
Page 535 and 536: 51st Movement Control Detachment (D
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Page 543 and 544: 381st Military Police Detachment (E
Page 545 and 546: 513th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
Page 547 and 548: 249th Quartermaster Co (Repair Part
Page 549 and 550: 946th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
Page 551 and 552: Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 2
Page 553 and 554: Glossary A2C2AAAAAMDCAASLTABC-BLABC
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Page 561 and 562: OBJODAODSOEFOHOIFOIF-SGO/OOOTWOPCON
Page 563 and 564: SOCCESOCCENTSOCOMSOFSOPSPSPACECOMSP
Page 565 and 566: BibliographyInterviews, Discussions
Page 567: Group InterviewsInterview with CFLC
Page 571 and 572: Joint Publication 4-01.8. Joint Tac
Page 573 and 574: • 335th Theater Signal Command•
Page 575: Lieutenant Colonel David Kolleda.
Page 578 and 579: 103 Military Intelligence Battalion
Page 580 and 581: 603rd Aviation Support Battalion ·
Page 582 and 583: General, USMC, Chief of Staff, CFLC
Page 584 and 585: Davis, Wilbur, Staff Sergeant, USA,
Page 586 and 587: Operations Officer, National Ground
Page 588 and 589: 219, 223, 243, 278, 296, 314, 331,
Page 590 and 591: 198, 284, 315Objective RAMS · 102,
Page 592 and 593: 427, 430, 518Schwartz, Eric ‘Rick
Page 594 and 595: USS Higgins, Aegis Destroyer · 65,
Page 598: The United Strates Army in Opera
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