Variación Genética - Instituto de Ecología

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Genetic material at the molecular level:!Nuclear Genome of de Arabidopsis thaliana !(Arabidopsis genome initiative, Nature (2000) 408:796-815.)!5 chromosomes (2n=10), 125 megabases (Mb)!Inbreeder, t=0 (self-pollinates)!25,498 genes (proteins) in 11,000 families!C. elegans 19,099, Drosophila 13,601 genes!H. sapiens 26,000 to 38,000 genes!4,405 genes in E. coli!Why so many in a plant?: Perhaps correlated to thecomplex biochemistry of the plants, related dosecondary compounds, defense to pathogens andherbivores, etc. !
Mobile elements!(transposable elements)!10% of the total nuclear genome(specially intergenic DNA 20% )!2,109 class I (replicate using aRNA intermediary ): incentromers!2,203 class II ( move directlyusing DNA): pericentric!
Page 5 and 6: Gen: unidad de herencia que setrasm
Page 7 and 8: Gregor MendelX !X !Púrpura!Blanco!
Page 9 and 10: Grupo de alelos ligados: haplotipo
Page 11: Genetic material at the molecular l
Page 15 and 16: Duplications in the 5 chromosomes o
Page 17 and 18: Three genomes in A. thalianaDiffere
Page 19 and 20: But to understand theideas and conc
Page 21 and 22: VARIACIÓN GENÉTICA:1) EL PRIMER P
Page 23 and 24: POBLACION IDEAL!modelo, poblaciones
Page 25 and 26: N individuals!Frequencies de A= p 0
Page 27 and 28: Números Frecuencias F. alélicasge
Page 29 and 30: Equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg!1 = p
Page 31 and 32: A 1 A 1 =p 2 !A 1 A 2 =2pq!A 2 A 2
Page 33 and 34: Th. Dobzhansky de sus!experimentos
Page 35 and 36: Lo contrasta con el !“modelo clá
Page 37 and 38: Los resultados del programa de inve
Page 39 and 40: Datos antes de Lewontin!Variación
Page 41 and 42: Evidencia etnobotánicay botánica
Page 43 and 44: Bases genética sencilla, variació
Page 45 and 46: Análisis genéticos: !Variación C
Page 47 and 48: Volume10 × 10 8d40Citogenéticos:
Page 49 and 50: El genoma en la familia Cucurbitace
Page 51 and 52: Gong y Lelley (2008) reportan el ma
Page 53 and 54: Así podemos ver los genes recesivo
Page 55 and 56: Si el 2o. cromosoma es el 40% del g
Page 57 and 58: letales, 37%!letales, 55%!Variació
Page 59 and 60: h 2 heredabilidad sentido restringi
Page 61 and 62: Ajolote vs salamandra (A. mexicanum
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H esperada en !HW!0 a 1...!
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La variación en poblaciones!natura
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Medidas de variación genética.!Da
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UPGMAAgavelechuguillaD= -ln(I)!I= J
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More than 2,200 studies have report
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Marcadoresderivados del PCR:!AFLPs,
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Agave striata ssp. striata!6 popula
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Genetic variation (47 loci, 12 popu
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More geneticvariation in theNorth!m
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Dos especies mezcaleras muycercanas
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Mapa
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Variación Genética en Agave, espe
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Structure: Análsis Bayesiano para
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Dendograma UPGMA basando en las dis
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VARIACIÓN GENÉTICA EN AGAVE"He, h
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HILDE NYBOM!Comparison of different
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Ferriol et al. ( 2004) C.moschata,
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of populations, number of plants pe
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237 plants, 172 accession, 93 micro
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each subspecies seems to be!well di
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Balsas=*!
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Domesticated from parviglumis!More
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Proportion of Polymorphic Loci P!1!
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Agaves!Expected Heterozygosity H s!
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Variación Genética a NivelMolecul
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Cloroplasto rbcL,matK, trnL, y dose
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Cloroplasto, 3 genes!2128 pb!Natali
Page 126 and 127:
Variación !Genética a !Nivel Mole
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Two basic measure of genetic variat
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Another measure is Watterson (1975)
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Example E. coli analysis Amanda Cas
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Alcohol dehydrogenase, Adh!Cummings
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7 populations 6- 18individuals perp
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Fst=!0.244!Fst=!0.021!Fst=!0.153!
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Allendorf!et al. 2010!NATURE REVIEW
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2 marinas!marinas vs. !c/u agua dul
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FINE SCALE GENETIC STRUCTURE INTHEW
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form clearly separated clusters, bu
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m25002000150010005000mexicana parvi
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AFROM !PARVIGLUMIS!FROM !ANCESTOR!B
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DNA!fósil: Moas, !Dinornis!machos!
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Helix aspersa introducida en 1930!E
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Loshumanostenemosbaja!variacióngen
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Humanos:!Mucha!menos !variación!qu
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sel. balancedora!sel.!purificadora!
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Secuencias ADN: !Información relev
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El tamaño efectivo N e determina l
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A mayor N e se mantiene más var. g
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A mayor N se mantiene más var. gen
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Gracias!!Hardy-Weinberg jueves!trae
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Variación Genética - Instituto de Ecología

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