6. LPC Bituminous Mixtures Design Guide, Sept 2007. - Aapaq.org

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LPC Bituminous Mixtures Design Guide– General remarks –where %G i are the mass percentages of granular fractions and ρ gi their respectivemass densities. It should be pointed out that in the formula corresponding to the caseTL ext , %G 1 +%G 2 +…+ %G n = 100, whereas in the formula corresponding to the casetl int , %G 1 +%G 2 +…+ %G n = 100 - tl int .ρ b is the mass density of bitumen.The MVRc value depends on the method chosen for measuring the mass density ofcomponents and in particular that of aggregates. If aggregate mass densities aremeasured by methods using fluids, whose viscosity enables penetrating into grainporosities (water, solvent), the MVRc value may be overestimated. This method isalso employed to determine the quantity of bitumen absorbed. When aggregate massdensities are determined using a paraffin oil whose viscosity lies near that of thebitumen, the calculation method and direct measurement yield similar results.Bulk densityBulk density is derived from the ratio of the sample mass to its apparent volume. Thisapparent volume may be determined by means of geometric measurement (MVA) orhydrostatic weighing, with or without paraffin EN 12697-6) depending on the materialvoids content (MVa). The bulk density can also be assessed using a Gamma benchmeasurement: MVaγ (EN 12697-7).Percentage of voids and compacityThe compacity and percentage of voids are derived from both actual mass densitymeasurements MVR and bulk density measurements MVA (MVa or MVaγ), using thefollowing relations:C% = 100 x (MVa or MVA or MVaγ) / MVRv% = 100 [1 - (MVa or MVA or MVaγ) / MVR]1.5.3.2 Relations between parametersVoids content and compacityCompacity C% and the percentage of voids v% are correlated by the followingequation:100 = C% + v%- 38 -
LPC Bituminous Mixtures Design Guide– General remarks –Volume of voids in mineral aggregate VMACase of an external binder content TL ext :VMA% (or air voids and free bitumen) =⎛ 100 × (MVR × ( 100 − v )) ⎞⎜100−⎟⎝ ρg(100 + TLext) ⎠⎛ ( 100 − v ) × MVRρg− ⎜⎝ 100VMA% =ρgCase of an internal binder content tl int :tlintVMA%= v + × MVAρb⎞⎟ ×⎠Volume of bitumen absorbed by aggregates (vba)⎛ TLext⎜1−⎝ 100 −TL⎛⎛1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎞vba = 100 × MVa ⎜⎜⎟ − ⎜ ⎟⎟⎝⎝MVR ⎠ ⎝ MVRc ⎠⎠MVRc is the mix's computed MVR.If the mass density measurement of aggregates is performed according to the Frenchstandard P 18-559 (i.e. measured using paraffin oil), the volume of bitumen absorbedwould be zero, hence vba = 0.Percentage of voids filled with bitumen (VFB)Vb%VFB = 100VMA%where Vb is the volume of binder expressed as a percentage.Case of an external binder content TL ext :TLext× MVR × ( 100 − v )Vb% =× 100( 100 + TL ) × ρbCase of an internal binder content tl int :extext⎟ ⎞⎠VFB =tlintMVA×ρbVMA× 100- 39 -
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