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Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003PLEASE NOTE: This document does not contain information for all states, nor does it necessarily contain all the relevantprovisions from the states included. It is a work in progress.IMMUNIZATION POLICIES BY STATESTATEAZCACOPOLICY“Lack of… immunizations CANNOT prevent a homeless student from enrolling inthe new school. School should request health and academic records from theprevious school(s) in a timely manner and assist parents in obtaining any requiredimmunizations. Homeless students do not need to wait until academic and healthrecords arrive to attend the new school. The law requires the IMMEDIATEENROLLMENT of homeless students.”“A person who has not been fully immunized against one or more of the diseaseslisted in Section 120335 may be admitted by the governing authority on conditionthat within time periods designated by regulation of the department he or shepresents evidence that he or she has been fully immunized against all of thesediseases.”“Kindergarten entrants, 7th grade entrants, and entrants from outside the U.S. mustpresent the record at or before entry; no ‘grace period’ of attendance is allowed forthese pupils if they do not have a record. Children transferring from other schoolsin California or other states, or entering at other grade levels may be given up to 30school days of attendance while waiting for their records to arrive from theprevious school….Children who lack one or more required vaccine doses that are not currently duemay be admitted on condition that they receive the remaining doses when due,according to the schedule below.”“(a) The school selected for a homeless child pursuant to this section shallimmediately enroll the homeless child, even if the child lacks records normallyrequired prior to enrollment. (b) The enrolling school shall immediately contact theschool last attended by the homeless child to obtain any records necessary forSOURCEJoint flyer of AZ DOE and AZ Coalitionto End Homelessness, 2003CA Health and Safety Code §120340CA Department of Health Services,IMM-231 (8/02).Available athttp://www.dhs.cahwnet.gov/ps/dcdc/izgroup/pdf/imm231.pdfCO Revised Statutes §22-33-103.5(5)The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.1

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003IDILINenrollment. (c) If the homeless child’s immunizations are incomplete or if thehomeless child’s immunization records or unavailable, the enrolling school shallarrange for such immunizations as may be necessary.”“Immunizations are not mandatory and may be refused on religious or othergrounds.” [Not specific to homeless students, but eliminates potential for childrento be held out of school for lack of immunization records.]“Is there any reason to delay enrolling a homeless child? NO. Lack of schoolrecords or immunizations CANNOT prevent a homeless student from enrolling inthe new school. It is the responsibility of the new school to request health andacademic records from the previous schools in a ‘timely manner’ and to referparents to a physician or to a free or low cost clinic for any requiredimmunizations. Homeless students do not need to wait until academic and healthrecords arrive to attend the new school. <strong>Law</strong> requires IMMEDIATEENROLLMENT of homeless children and youth.”“A child may not be permitted to attend school beyond the first day of schoolwithout furnishing this written statement [of immunization history], unless:(1) the school gives the parents of the child a waiver; or(2) the local health department or a physician determines that the child'simmunization schedule has been delayed due to extreme circumstances and that therequired immunizations will not be completed before the first day of school. [theState Coordinator stated that homelessness qualifies as an extreme circumstance.]The waiver referred to in subdivision (1) may not be granted for a period thatexceeds twenty (20) days. If subdivision (2) applies, the parent of the child shallfurnish the written statement and a time schedule, approved by a physician or thelocal health department, for the completion of the remainder of theimmunizations.”;“When a student transfers to another school, the school from which the student istransferring may furnish, not more than twenty (20) days after the transfer, a copyof the student's immunization record to the school to which the student istransferring.”ID Code §39-4804“Opening Doors,” IL DOE’s HomelessChildren and Youth Program, 2003.Available at:http://homelessed.net/schools/rights.htmIN Code §20-8.1-7-10.1(c);IN Code §20-8.1-7-9(b)IA “A public school shall not refuse to enroll or exclude a homeless child or youth for 281 IA Administrative Code §33.5The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.2

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003KSlack of immunizations records if any of the following situations exist. The parentor guardian of a homeless child or youth or a homeless child or youth: 1. Offers astatement signed by a doctor… specifying that in the doctor’s opinion theimmunizations required would be injurious to the health and well-being of the childor youth or to any member of the child or youth’s family or household. 2. Providesan affidavit stating that the immunization conflicts with the tenets and practices of arecognized religious denomination…. 3. Has begun the required immunizations andis continuing to receive the necessary immunizations as rapidly as is medicallyfeasible, or 4. Is a transfer student from any other school. The school district shallmake every effort to locate or verify the official immunization records of ahomeless child or youth based on information supplied by the child, youth, parent,or guardian. In circumstances where it is admitted that the homeless child or youthhas not received some or all of the immunizations required by state law forenrollment and none of the exemptions listed above is applicable, the district shallrefer the child, youth, and parent or guardian to the local board of health for thepurpose of immunization, and the school shall provisionally enroll the child oryouth in accordance with item 3 or 4.”“Pupils who have not completed the required inoculations may enroll or remainenrolled while completing the required inoculations if a physician or local healthdepartment certifies that the pupil has received the most recent appropriateinoculations in all required series…. If a pupil transfers from one school toanother, the school from which the pupil transfers shall forward with the pupil'stranscript the certification or statement showing evidence of compliance with therequirements of this act to the school to which the pupil transfers.”;“Provides students who are enrolling for the first time in a Kansas public schoolwith 90 days to present proof of required inoculations. The parent or person actingas parent must sign a written statement that such tests or inoculations are in theprocess of being received and will be completed within 90 days. County healthdepartments must provide appropriate inoculations to children who families areunable to afford them.”KS Statutes §72-5209;KS DOE website,www.ksde.org/sfp/homeless/KY “If the homeless child wishes to enroll and does not have a record of immunization Unidentified written document fromThe information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.3

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003LAMEbut has been immunized, the district homeless education coordinator or liaison canobtain verbal or written confirmation of immunization from the previous school. Ifthe homeless child has not begun his immunization series, the district homelesseducation coordinator shall take the necessary arrangements with the local publichealth department for immunization. (An attorney general’s opinion 79-420, statesthat a school child who has begun, but not completed, the immunization schedulemay be permitted to attend classes for a limited period of time as necessary for thecompletion of the immunization schedule.)“Each local school district’s homeless child education coordinator or liaison shallassist the homeless student in obtaining essential records that may or may not be inexistence. This includes an immunization certificate. (Each school district canallow an approximately 30 day grace period for each student to provideimmunization documentation.)”“No person seeking to enter any school or facility enumerated in Subsection A ofthis Section shall be required to comply with the provision of this Section[regarding immunization records] if the student or his parent or guardian submitseither a written statement from a physician stating that the procedure iscontraindicated for medical reasons, or a written dissent from the student or hisparent or guardian is presented.”“No superintendent may permit any child to be enrolled in or to attend schoolwithout a certificate of immunization for each disease or other acceptable evidenceof required immunization or immunity against the disease, except as follows. 1.WRITTEN ASSURANCE. The parent provides a written assurance the child willbe immunized within 90 days by private effort or provides, where applicable, awritten consent to the child’s immunization by a health officer, physician, nurse orother authorized person in public or private employ.”;“Each superintendent shall keep uniform records of the immunizations andimmunization status of each child…. The records shall be part of the child’spermanent education records.”;“A child who does not meet the immunization/immunity requirements may beenrolled in school under the following circumstances:State Coordinator, 2003.LA Revised Statutes §17:170(E)20-A ME Revised Statutes §6355;20-A ME Revised Statutes §6357;ME Administrative Regulations 05-071Chapter 126(3).The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.4

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003MAMN1. The parent provides the school with a written assurance that the children will beimmunized by private effort within ninety days of enrolling (officially registering)in school or first attendance in school classes, whichever date is the earliest. Thegranting of a 90-day grace period is a one-time provision. A child transferringfrom one school to another within the state may not be granted a second 90-dayperiod. A period of 21 calendar days may be granted to allow for the transfer ofhealth records from one school to another.2. The parent grants written consent for the child’s immunization by a publichealth officer, physician, nurse or other authorized person in the employ, or actingas an agent of the school, where such immunization programs are in effect.”“The Department is aware that this new requirement may constitute a departurewith respect to school districts’ enrollment policies. The immunization statute,G.L.c. 76§15, generally requires students to provide proof of immunization prior toenrollment. Since McKinney-Vento is a federal law, its requirements override thestate immunization law. However, it should be noted that the immunization lawallows, in the absence of a Department of Health declared epidemic or emergency,the enrollment of students who have not been immunized if they have religiousobjections to immunization. Moreover, the Department has consulted with theDepartment of Public Health (DPH) regarding this issue and DPH agrees that, inthe absence of an emergency or epidemic of disease, the health risk of enrollinghomeless students prior to receiving proof of immunization is minimal.If a homeless child or youth arrives lacking immunizations or immunization ormedical records, refer the parent/guardian to the district’s Homeless EducationLiaison, who has the responsibility to obtain relevant academic records,immunizations or immunization or medical records and to ensure that homelessstudents are attending school while the records are obtained.”“The McKinney-Vento Act requires:• All local school districts to immediately enroll students in homeless situations,even if they do not have required documents, such as immunization or medicalrecords…. The term ‘enroll’ is defined under the Act as attending classes andparticipating fully in school activities.MA DOE Homeless EducationAdvisory 2002-2: Enrollment ofHomeless Students and School Records.Available atwww.doe.mass.edu/hssss/haa/advisory2.htmlMN Department of HealthMemorandum re: Immunizations forHomeless Students, 9/10/02The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.5

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003NHNJ• … (The state law, M.S. 121A.15, which says that a school may allow up to 30days for a student to submit their immunization records does not apply to thisfederal law. There is no 30-day limit on submitting records for a homeless student.Federal law supercedes this state law.)• The local school district’s homeless liaison… to immediately assist in obtainingimmunizations or immunization or medical records for those students who do nothave them. Students must be enrolled in school during the interim, this includesunaccompanied youth.”“McKinney-Vento states that children and youth experiencing homelessness are notto be excluded from enrolling (and attending) school…. McKinney-Vento does notnegate NH’s statutes for immunizations, but rather requires students to be enrolledimmediately recognizing that in the vast majority of the cases, students attendedschool previously and a phone call for records will address immunization concernswith hard copies of records to follow…. McKinney-Vento requires the localhomeless education liaison to assist the parent or guardian in obtaining thenecessary immunizations or medial records. If there are no (medical) recordsavailable, or some immunizations are missing, McKinney-Vento states that theschool’s local liaison must then ensure that the necessary immunizations and/ormedical records are obtained in a timely manner – by assisting the parents/guardianor youth to agencies where they can be obtained.More homeless children are remaining in their school of origin. The problems withrecord attainment will be minimized. In the event that immunizations or requiredmedical records are missing: Homeless students are to be enrolled in schoolimmediately. The local liaison will work with the school nurse to assist the familyin obtaining, in a timely manner, all the necessary paperwork and/or immunizationsor immunization records. 30 days is acceptable as a reasonable length of time tolocate immunization records. After the 30-day period, steps to re-immunize shouldbegin.”“A child may be admitted to a school, preschool, or child care center on aprovisional basis if a physician… can document that at least one dose of eachrequired age-appropriate vaccine(s) or antigen(s) has been administered and that theNH DOE Immunization Q&A 2003NJ Administrative Code 8:57-4.5(b),(d), (e)NJ Administrative Code 8:57-4.7(a)-(b)The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.6

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003NMNYpupil is in the process of receiving the remaining immunization(s)….“Provisional status shall only be granted one time to children entering ortransferring into schools, preschools, or child care centers in New Jersey….“Those children transferring into a New Jersey school, preschool, or child carecenter from out-of-state or out-of-country may be allowed a 30-day grace period inorder to obtain past immunization documentation before provisional status shallbegin….”Every school, preschool, or child care enter shall maintain an official State of NewJersey School Immunization Record for every pupil…. If a child withdraws, ispromoted, or transfers to another school, preschool, or child care center, theimmunization record, or a certified copy thereof… shall be sent to the new schoolby the original school or shall be given to the parent or guardian upon request,within 24 hours of such a request.“For a child who has begun the process of immunization and the process is beingaccomplished in accordance with the current NM immunization schedule, s/he mayenroll in and attend school. For a child who has no documentation and wasformerly enrolled in a school in the US, a phone call requesting records to verifyimmunization status is sufficient to be considered in process. If the child wasformerly enrolled in a school in another country and has no records, s/he mustbegin the recommended immunizations to be considered in process.”“Provided that, if he produces satisfactory evidence of having begun the process ofimmunization, he may enroll and attend school as long as the immunization processis being accomplished in the prescribed manner….“Persons enrolling in schools who have begun the process of immunization shallhave one month following the date of enrollment to complete the requiredimmunizations and submit satisfactory evidence of completing the requiredimmunizations or having continued the process of the required series.”“No principal, teacher, owner or person in charge of a school shall permit any childto be admitted to such school, or to attend such school, in excess of fourteen days,without the certificate provided for in subdivision five of the section or some otheracceptable evidence of the child’s immunization….; provided, however, suchUnidentified written document fromState Coordinator, 2003.NM Statutes §24.5.2NM Administrative Code §6.1.6.1.7.6NY Public Health <strong>Law</strong> §2164(7)(a);8 NY Codes, Rules and Regulations§100.2(x)The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.7

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003fourteen day period may be extended to not more than thirty days for an individualstudent by the appropriate principal, teacher, owner or other person in charge wheresuch student is transferring from out-of-state or from another country and can showa good faith effort to get the necessary certification or other evidence ofimmunization.”;“(4) Upon receipt of the designation form, the designated school district shallimmediately: (ii) admit the homeless child, even if the child or youth is unable toproduce records normally required for enrollment, such as previous academicrecords, medical records, proof of residency, or other documentation; …(iv)immediately contact the school district where the child’s records are located for acopy of such records….(5) Within five days of the receipt of a request for school records, the schooldistrict shall forward a complete copy of the homeless child’s records including,but not limited to, proof of age, academic records, evaluations, immunization ormedical records, and guardianship papers, if applicable.”NC 30 day grace periodNDOK“A child may enter an institution upon submitting written proof from a licensedphysician or authorized representative of the state department of health stating thatthe child has started receiving the required immunization or has a written consentby the child’s parent or guardian for a local health service or department toadminister the needed immunization without charge….”“No minor child shall be admitted to any public, private, or parochial schooloperating in this state unless and until certification is presented to the appropriateschool authorities… that such child has received or is in the process of receiving,immunizations….”“Any minor child, through the parent, guardian, or legal custodian of the child, maysubmit to the health authority charged with the enforcement of the immunizationlaws of this state: …(2) A written statement by the parent, guardian or legalcustodian of the child objecting to immunization of the child; whereupon the childshall be exempt from the immunization laws of this state.”ND Code §23-07-17.1(2)70 OK Statutes §1210.191(A)70 OK Statutes §1210.192OR “(5)(a) When a child is determined by the school or school district to be homeless OR Administrative Rule 333-050-0040The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.8

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003PAPRSCand does not have a completed Certificate of Immunization Status on file with theschool, an Exclusion Order for No Record will be issued and a copy will be givento the parent or guardian. The exclusion date will be 30 days from the date ofenrollment. If the parent is not at registration, a copy of the Exclusion Order forNo Record will be sent to the parent via the student at least fourteen days prior tothe exclusion date.(b) School staff shall make every effort to help the family compile an immunizationrecord for the student, including requesting a record from a previous school,Oregon Immunization ALERT or a previous medical provider.”“The school selected shall immediately enroll the child/youth in school, even if thechild or youth lacks records normally required for enrollment, such as previousacademic records, medical records, proof of residency, or other documentation….The educating district should immediately enroll and begin to provide instruction.The receiving school district may contact the district of origin for oral confirmationthat the child has been immunized. Oral confirmation between professionals is asufficient basis to verify immunization with written confirmation to follow within30 days. The instructional program should begin as soon as possible after theenrollment process is initiated and should not be delayed until the procedure iscompleted.”“Any student or preschool child can be provisionally enrolled in a school, daycarecenter, or social treatment center if the student or preschool child has received atleast one dose of each of the immunizations required by the Secretary of Health….In emergency cases, children who have not received any doses of the requiredimmunizations can be provisionally admitted to a daycare center, or socialtreatment center. It is the responsibility of the director of the daycare center orsocial treatment center to ensure that the children receive the needed dosesimmediately, or within no more than 2 weeks, and comply with the requirements ofthis section.”“A South Carolina Certificate of Special Exemption signed by the school principal,authorized representative, or day care director may be issued to transfer studentswhile awaiting arrival of medical records from their former area of residence or toPA Basic Education Circular, July 1,2002.24 Leyes PR §182cSC Statute §44-29-180(D)The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.9

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003SDTXVTVAother students who have been unable to secure immunizations or documentation ofimmunizations already received. A South Carolina Certificate of SpecialExemption may be issued only once and is valid for only thirty calendar days fromdate of enrollment. At the expiration of this special exemption, the student mustpresent a valid South Carolina Certificate of Immunization, a valid South CarolinaCertificate of Medical Exemption, or a valid South Carolina Certificate ofReligious Exemption.”SC said there’s no state law requiring immunizations or exempting homelessstudents; it’s a LEA decision.“Not later than the 30 th day after the date a parent or other person with legal controlof a child under a court order enrolls the child in a public school, the parent or otherperson or the school district in which the child most recently attended school shallfurnish to the school district… a record showing that the child has theimmunizations as required under Section 38.001, in the case of a child requiredunder that section to be immunized, proof as required by that section showing thatthe child is not required to be immunized, or proof that the child is entitled toprovisional admission under that section….”State Coordinator says no separate statute, but in practice, children are immediatelyenrolled while immunization requirements are met.“The school shall “immediately enroll the homeless child or youth even if the childor youth is unable to produce records normally required for enrollment, such asprevious academic records, medical records, proof of residency, or otherdocumentation” [§722(g)(3)(C)(i)].Note: This does not eliminate these enrollment requirements; it merely allowsenrollment while records are secured.”Currently under consideration by state legislature:“No certificate of immunization shall be required for the admission to school of anystudent if…. (iii) the student meets the definition of homeless as described insubsection 5 of §22.1-3. If the child or youth is homeless and needs to obtainimmunizations or immunization records, the student shall be enrolled and theenrolling school shall immediately refer the parent or guardian of the child or youthTX Education Code §25.002VA DOE Superintendent’s Memo No.51, March 28, 2003.Available athttp://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/suptsmemos/2003/inf051a.pdfVA Code §22.1-271.2(C)The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.10

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003WVWIto the local homeless education liaison designated by the school division, who shallassist in obtaining necessary immunizations or immunization records.”“The fact that a student does not have immunization records in hand when heinitially presents himself for admittance does not warrant refusal to provisionallyadmit the student.”SC says parents are required to provide written evidence of the appropriateimmunization within 30 school days.White ex re. White v. Linkinoggor, 176W.Va. 410, 344 S.E.2d 633 (1986).Table does not include waivers for religion/philosophy or healthThe information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.11

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003IMMUNIZATION REQUIREMENTS BY COUNTRYPercentages of target population vaccinated in selected countries (from WHO-UNICEF 2002 estimates) 1COUNTRYDTP3 2 Hep B 3 Measles PolioUnited States94 88 91 90LATIN AMERICABelize 8997 89 93Bolivia81 81 79 79Columbia85 76 89 81Costa Rica94 94 94 94Cuba99 98 98 98Ecuador89 85 80 90El Salvador81 75 93 81Guatemala84 -- 92 84Honduras95 95 97 95Mexico91 91 96 92Nicaragua84 84 98 85Panama89 89 79 85Peru89 -- 95 90Venezuela63 60 78 77ASIACambodia54 -- 52 54China79 79 65 79India70 -- 67 70Indonesia75 67 76 741 Available at www.who.int/vaccines/GlobalSummary/Immunization/2 Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, third dose3 Hepatitis BThe information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.12

Patricia Julianelle<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homeless & PovertyDecember 9, 2003MalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnamAFRICACongoEthiopiaGhanaLiberiaMoroccoSomaliaSudan96 95 92 9777 -- 75 7770 40 73 7092 92 91 9296 95 94 9775 65 96 9241 -- 37 4156 -- 52 5780 80 81 8051 -- 57 5094 92 96 9440 -- 45 4040 -- 49 40Mexico’s overall vaccination rate for 1-4 year olds is 96%; the U.S.’s overall vaccination rate for 2 year olds is 79%. EdwardHegstrom, “Mexico more effective than U.S. at immunizing children.” Orange County Register, December 22, 2002. Available atwww2.ocregister.com/ocrweb/ocr/article.do?id=17384&section=NEWS&year=2002&month=12&day=22The information contained herein is not legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.The sharing of this information does not create an attorney-client relationship with any user. This document is the property of the<strong>National</strong> <strong>Law</strong> <strong>Center</strong> on Homelessness & Poverty.13