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4La*in & Quinc (1988,1989) srudied the possibilily of impledenting bird,!.ognnionalgonthns in the large S-band pubed dopple. radds. Tbe ladas de equipped wirh a nalmw bcmand gMl powe. (l megawatr) and sensiriviry (90 dB dynMic range)_ Apan from the 6de &aacqujsition subsyslem il ircludes a Edd p.oducrs generation sublyslem dd a p.incipte userprocessor subsyslem. Digiral NEXRAD veathtr dala ee anbmaricauy process€d by taryecomputer piogms but in periods wirho* sewre woaher ille syslem has fte oprioDal cap&ity toofter consideoblo proc€ssing rime to run special bird prograns (De,Fusco, r{kin & Ouine, 1986). It is thoughr rhal it har the oprion of bird infomadon available evciy 5-15 dinures. Calculationssbow rhat a single heEing gult would d@rcdcaly bc vbible as a fainr larler at a disrance of 4j0km {bur ot courc, never wil tlr high enough ro {end above lhe ,add horizon). Songbidcches during mignlion ofren exrend out to 200 k n.The researches e{pc.l ro bc able ro dcvis nlgorilhns alowing NEXRAD 10 aubmaLicallydistineuish aho panerru of wealher and bi.ds accordins to: l) the sDed of rle bj.ds. 2) tNirappropna@ migntory di.ectiors, 3) rhe rimc of day of their flying elivides, 4) thcir rcladon l])ropogaphy, and 5) c€rrair echo charnccdstics. The ptes q€.e to te1 NEXRAD .adars repo( birdh@ids wilh refercne ro large geognphicat arcas dd to csrimale thc desrce of hazdd in difieenLaldrudc over rhc enLi,e U.S.AUnfonundely, $c invotvcmenr of the bird issue in thc developing progms of NEXRADsysren wd sroppcd and rlte algorithms fo. birds derction did no1 Meive rhe high p.ioriLy 6cydeservcd. To ftc best of onr knowledgc the NEXRAD wea1hcl radds are a success sro.v fo,wcJrher u.age. bur Lhc enonous torcndcl for dcre.Ling b,rd movemcnb is noL nrit,/cd b\ eifi; heUnrlcJ Sr"rer Air Fn(c IUSAF)orlhc FAA_Since 1992, one of us (S.A Gaurheaux) has beeh followine tlr mi8rarion r&odcd by 1,1NEXRAD radds along rhc Admrjc and Culf Coas$ of L\e U.S.A., while atso usin! ooonwrLching. ndine radar. and oher diqr vi.uJ mcanq. Crurtreu rra reenrtv comorcai r b,r,rcaribrad' n ot mi8nuon hfic nlf. (rhe numbcr ot h,rd( crosing a krlomeFr of miinro.y r,onpd hout usins only lhe WSR-88D images_ Tlis infomarion coupled wilh rcguhly updaLcdregonal and nadonal moeic displays of WSR-88D

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I,ITERATURELAIc.sum T. & Ulfslrand S. 19?2. Radar md field observadons of diurnal bid misrati0n iiSourhcn Swslcn, autumn 19? L Ornis Scandinlvica 3:99'139.z.Bruderer B. 1988. El€ronic reco'dins of bnd lackr and bi'! numben by racking radr.Madrid BSCE l9l wp 41.3- Bruderer B. & Liechti F. 1995. Vdialion in dcnsily and hcight dist.ibution of n@tumrlmignrion in the Soulh of kracl. kncl Joumal oiZoology Vol4|477-487.4. Buuma L.S. 1984. Key facto$ dclcmining bid st ikc od .isks. Int. J. of Avi.lion SafeLyVol2:91 l0?.5. Buudn LS., Dckkcr A- & Brom T.G. 1986. Uber die raumliche und rcitlichc vcdeilung dcrD vogelschlagen dcr Nicdqlddischer Luftwafic bcl.iligicn Vogclarlcd. Vogcl undLuftverkchr, band 6, hctt I : 12-26.6. Buurda L.S. 1995. Longjoge surveillance radas as indicatos of bid Dunbcrs aloft. hnclJournal ot zoology Vol41. pt.221 286.7. Buurna L.S. & Brudca!, B. 1990- The applicaLion ot rade for bnd srikc prevcDLion. BirdSl.ikc Conmitl@ Europe, Tbe Hague.8. DcFusco R.P., La*in R.P. & Quine D.B. 1986. Bird hazed wdning using ncxL scncfutionwcrrhcrldaf. Copcnhagen BSCE 18/wp?.9. Dupont G. 1986. B.O.S.S. Bird Obsenatu. Systen Semmcrzake, funlcr stcps Mdifrprovcmcnrs. CopenhaSen BSCE l8/wp 16.10. East*ood E. 196?. Rad oniLhology. Mcrhuen, London.11. Caurhreaux S.A. 1970. wcatheradar qurndtication of bird migation. Bioscicncc 20: l7-20.12. Grulhreaux S. 1994. Radar Ornnhology- Tracking niSations by rada6. Wildbird, Much1995:3839-13. Covcatment ot Isrel 1995. Dcvclopmcnl Olrlions for CooFratron in r'D Middle East, ENtMcdiEranean Region. vcGion IV, ChapEr 15,5.2.14. Colcrnment of Isracl, Ministry of Uc Envkonmcnr 1996. Rc8ional En .nf,.n|.coopcration and Dcvclopmem Oprions. pp. 52-55.l5.Hunr F.R. 1975. Automatic waming of haddous binl coddnions. Stocknoh BSCE iol wp33.16. Kerlinger, P. 19E9. FliShr Srn€gies of Migding Hawks. Chicago IU. : Univcsity ot17. LrrKn R.P. & Quinc D.B- 1988. Rdognizing bi.d wgets on nexr generation wcathcradar.Madrid, BSCE 19/ wp 15.i8. Larl.in R.P. & Quinc D.B. 1989. Repon on bird hazard algodthm. Illinois Ndurrl HisLorySurvey repon Do. 14-16-0009 87 1221.19. t€shem Y- 1988. FoUowing soaring bird migradon trod the g.ound, motorizcdradar at a junction of th@ condnenc. Madrid, BSCE 19/ wp 13.z0.Rich&dson w.L 1979. Radar bchniques for wildlife stndics. Nat- wildl. Fed. Sci3 pp. l'1 rr79.440

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