Lucius Cornelius Sulla - Quis fit Crassus?

12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Sm12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Sm(Fortsetzung)!10! (96,1) Igitur Sulla, uti supra dictum est, postquam in Africam atque in castra Marī! Nachdem Sulla, wie oben gesagt wurde, mit der Reiterei nach Africa und in das Lager des Marius gekom-11! cum equitatu venit, rudis antea et ignarus belli, sollertissimus omnium in paucis! men war, da wurde er, obwohl vorher noch unausgebildet und unerfahren im Kriegswesen, innerhalb kur-12! tempestatibus factus est. Ad hoc milites benigne adpellare, multis rogantibus, aliis! zer Zeit der gewandteste von allen. Zudem sprach er die Soldaten freundlich an, erwies vielen auf ihre Bit-13! per se ipse dare beneficia, invitus accipere, sed ea properantius quam aes! ten hin, anderen von sich aus Gefälligkeiten, nahm solche ungern selbst an, sondern gab sie rascher als14! mutuum reddere, ipse ab nullo repetere, magis id laborare, ut illi quam plurimi! geborgtes Geld zurück, forderte sie von niemandem ein, bemühte sich vielmehr darum, dass möglichst15! deberent, ioca atque seria cum humillimis agere, in operibus, in agmine atque ad! viele ihm verpflichtet waren, machte Späße und führte ernsthafte Unterhaltungen mit den Einfachsten, war! häufig bei den Schanzarbeiten, auf dem Marsch und16! vigilias multus adesse, neque interim, quod prava ambitio solet, consulis aut! bei Nachtwachen zugegen und verletzte unterdessen auch nicht, was falscher Ehrgeiz gewöhnlich tut,! den Ruf des Consuls oder sonst17! cuiusquam boni famam laedere, tantummodo neque consilio neque manu priorem! eines tüchtigen Mannes, nur ertrug er es nicht, dass ein anderer an Rat und Tat besser war, er übertraf die18! alium pati, plerosque antevenire. Quibus rebus et artibus brevi Mario militibusque! meisten. Durch diese Taten und Eigenschaften wurde er in kurzer Zeit bei Marius und den Soldaten19! carissimus factus.! überaus beliebt.Lernvokabular:1! _____________________________________! - wie oben gesagt wurde! _____________________________________! - Reiterei! _____________________________________! - unausgebildet! ! ! ! ! (Hintergrund: Da Sulla in größter Armut aufge-! ! ! ! ! wachsen war, hatte für ihn nicht die Möglichkeit! ! ! ! ! bestanden, die übliche militärische Ausbildung! ! ! ! ! patrizischer junger Männer zu absolvieren.)! _____________________________________! - ohne Kriegserfahrung! sollers, ertis! ! ! ! - geschickt__________! _____________________________________! - werden, geschehen, gemacht werden! _________________________________! _____________________________________! - zudem! _____________________________________! - freundlich! _____________________________________! - bitten, fragen! _____________________________________! - von sich aus! _____________________________________! - Wohltaten erweisen! _____________________________________! - Wohltaten annehmen! _____________________________________! - gegen den Willen, unwillig! _____________________________________! - geborgtes Geld, Schulden! _____________________________________! - zurückgeben! _________________________________! _____________________________________! - zurückfordern! _____________________________________! - mehr! _____________________________________! - möglichst viele! _____________________________________! - müssen, schulden, verdanken! _____________________________________! - Scherz! _____________________________________! - scherzen! _____________________________________! - ernsthaft mit jm. reden! _____________________________________! - einfacher Mensch! _____________________________________! - Nachtwache! _____________________________________! - verdorben, schlecht, falsch! _____________________________________! - Ehrgeiz! _____________________________________! - pflegen, gewöhnlich tun! _____________________________________! - irgendeiner! _____________________________________! - Ruf, Ansehen! _____________________________________! - verletzen! _________________________________! _____________________________________! - nur! _____________________________________! - Rat, Plan! _____________________________________! - ertragen! _____________________________________! - vorher, früher! _____________________________________! - ertragen! _____________________________________! - Taten! _____________________________________! - Soldaten__________

12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Sm12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! SmDa König Bocchus von Mauretanien, Schwiegervater und Verbündeter Jugurthas im Kampf gegen dieRömer, keine Möglichkeit zu einem Sieg mehr sieht, wendet er sich an den Senat in Rom, um das alteFreundschaftsbündnis wieder aufzunehmen, das bestanden hatte, bevor Jugurtha ihn zu einem Krieggegen Rom überredet hatte. Die Antwort des Senats lautet:(104,5) Senatus et populus Romanus benefici et iniuriae memor esse solet. CeterumBoccho, quoniam paenitet, delicta gratiae facit: foedus et amicitia dabuntur,cum meruerit.“Ein Bündnis- und Freundschaftsvertrag wird gewährt, wenn er es verdient.” - Bocchus, ob dieser kryptischenAntwort verwirrt, lässt durch Boten Marius fragen, was gemeint sein könnte. Er bittet ihn, ihmSulla zu schicken, damit dieser ihn beraten könne: (105,1) Bocchus per litteras a Mario petivit, uti Sullamad se mitteret, cuius arbitratu communibus negotiis consuleretur.Marius willigt ein und entsendet Sulla, nur begleitet von Reitern und balearischen Scheuderern, Bogenschützenund einer Kohorte leichtbewaffneter Truppen vom italischen Stamm der Päligner (is missuscum praesidio equitum atque funditorum Balearium, praeterea iere sagittarii et cohors Paeligna cum velitaribusarmis, 105,2). Als Treffpunkt wird Icosium festgelegt (heute ein Teil von Algier).(p.394f.; audio 3. 1.24-2.05)On the shore adjacent to the town therewaited perhaps a thousand Moorish Berberhorse troopers, equipped as were the Numidians- no saddles, no bridles, no body armour -just a cluster of spears held in one hand, andlong-swords and shields.“Ah!” said Bogud as he and Sulla landedfrom the first lighter. “The King has sent his favouriteson to meet you, Lucius Cornelius.”“Whatʼs his name?” asked Sulla.“Volux.”The young man rode up, armed like his men,but upon a bedizened horse bearing both saddleand bridle. Sulla found himself liking theway his hand was shaken, and liking PrinceVoluxʼs manner; but where was the King? Nowherecould his practised eye discern theusual clutter and scurrying confusion whichsurrounded a king in residence.“The King has retreated south about a hundredmiles into the mountains, Lucius Cornelius,”the prince explained as they walked to aspot where Sulla could supervise the unloadingof his troops and equipment.Sullaʼs skin prickled. “That was no part of theKingʼs bargain with Gaius Marius,” he said.“I know,” said Volux, looking uneasy. “Yousee, King Jugurtha has arrived in the neighbourhood.”Sulla froze. “Is this a trap, Prince Volux?”“No, no!” cried the young man, both handsgoing out. “I swear to you by all the gods, LuciusCornelius, that it is not a trap! But Jugurthasmells a dead thing, because he was givento understand that the King my father was goingback to Tingis, yet still the King my father lingershere in Icosium. So Jugurtha has movedinto the hills with a small army of Gaetuli - notenough man to attack him. The King my fatherdecided to withdraw from the sea in order tomake Jugurtha believe that if he expects someonefrom Rome, he expects his visitor to travelon the road. So Jugurtha followed him. Jugurthaknows nothing of your arrival here, we aresure. You were wise to come by sea.”“Jugurtha will find out Iʼm here soon enough,”said Sulla grimly, thinking of his inadequate escort,fifteen hundred strong.“Hopefully not, or at least, not yet,” said Volux.“I led a thousand of my troopers out of the Kingmy fatherʼs camp three days ago as if on manoeuvres,and came up to the coast. We are notofficially at war with Numidia, so Jugurtha haslittle excuse to attack us, but heʼs not sure whatthe King my father intends to do either, and hedare not risk an outright breach with us until heknows more. I do assure you that he elected toremain watching our camp in the south, andthat his scouts will not get anywhere near Icosiumwhile my troopers patrol the area.”Sulla rolled a sceptical eye at the young man,but said nothing of his feelings. They were not avery practical lot, these Moorish royals. Fretting,too, at the painful slowness of the disembarkation- for Icosium possessed no more thantwenty lighters all told, and he could see that itwould be this time tomorrow before the processwas complete - he sighed, shrugged. No pointin worrying; either Jugurtha knew, or did notknow.“Whereabouts is Jugurtha located?” heasked.“About thirty miles from the sea, on a smallplain in the midst of the mountains, due southof here. On the only direct path between Icosiumand the King my fatherʼs camp,” said Volux.“Oh, thatʼs delightful! And how am I to getthrough to the King your father without fightingJugurtha first?”“I can lead you around him in such a way thatheʼll never know,” said Volux eagerly. “Truly Ican, Lucius Cornelius! The King my fathertrusts me - I beg that you will, too!” He thoughtfor a moment, and added, “However, I think itwould be better if you left your men here. Westand a much better chance if our party is verysmall.”“Why should I trust you, Prince Volux?” Sullaasked. “I donʼt know you. For that matter, I donʼtreally know Prince Bogud - or the King your father,either! You might have decided to got backon your word and betray me to Jugurtha - Iʼmquite a prize! My capture would be a grave embarrassmentfor Gaius Marius, as you wellknow.”Bogud had said nothing, only looked grimmerand grimmer, but the young Volux was notabout to give up.“Then give me a task which will prove to youthat I and the King my father are trustworthy!”he cried.Sulla thought about that, smiling wolfishly. “Allright,” he said with sudden decision. “Youʼve gotme by the balls anyway, so what have I got tolose?” And he stared at the Moor, his strangelight eyes dancing like two fine jewels under thebrim of his wide straw hat - an odd piece ofheadgear for a Roman soldier, but one famousthese days clear from Tingis to Cyrenaica,anywhere the deeds of the Romans were toldover by campfires and hearths: the albino Romanhero in his hat.I must trust my luck, he was thinking to himself,for I feel nothing inside me that warns memy luck will not hold. This is a test, a trial of myconfidence in myself, a way of showing everyonefrom King Bocchus and his son to the manin Cirta that I am equal to - no, superior to! -anything Fortune can toss in my way. A mancannot find out what heʼs made of by runningaway. No, I go forward. I have the luck. For Ihave made my luck, and made it well.“As soon as darkness falls this night,” he saidto Volux, “you and I and a very small cavalryescort are going to ride for the King your fatherʼscamp. My own men will stay here, whichmeans that if Jugurtha does discover a Romanpresence, heʼll naturally assume it is limited toIcosium, and that the King your father will becoming here to see us.”“But thereʼs no moon tonight!” said Volux,dismayed.“I know,” said Sulla, smiling in his nastiestmanner. “That is the test, Prince Volux. We willhave the light of the stars, none other. And youare going to lead me straight through the middleof Jugurthaʼs camp.”Bogudʼs eyes bulged. “Thatʼs insanity!” hegasped.Voluxʼs eyes danced. “Now thatʼs a real challenge,”he said, and smiled with genuine pleasure.“Are you game?” Sulla asked. “Right throughthe middle of Jugurthaʼs camp - in one sidewithout the watch seeing us or hearing us -down the middle on the via praetoria withoutdisturbing one sleeping man or one dozinghorse - and out the other side without the watchseeing us or hearing us. You do that, Prince Volux,an I will know I can trust you! And in turntrust the King your father.”“Iʼm game,” said Volux.“Youʼre both mad,” said Bogud.Sulla decided to leave Bogud behind in Icosium,not sure that this member of the Moorishroyal family was to be trusted. His detentionwas courteous enough, but he had been left inthe charge of two military tribunes who wereunder orders not to let him out of sight.Volux found the four best and surest-footedhorses in Icosium, and Sulla produced his mule,still of the opinion that a mule was a better bestby far than any horse. He also packed his hat.The party had been fixed at Sulla, Volux, andthree Moorish nobles, so all save Sulla wereused to riding without saddles or bridles.“Nothing metal to jingle and betray us,” saidVolux.However, Sulla elected to saddle his mule,and put a rope halter around nose and ears.“They may creak, but if I fall, Iʼll make a lot morenoise,” he said.And at full darkness the five of them rode outinto the stunning blackness of a moonlessnight. Yet, the sky glowed with light, for nowwind had come up to stir the African dust (p.t.o.)____________________

12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Sm12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Smsilent, he kicked his horse and rode off, Jugurthaʼshorse following docilely enough as thereins and the chain linking him to Sulla drewtaut. The four spare horses followed. And invery few moments all the mounts had disappearedinto the shadows between the trees.Bocchus wept. Volux and Dabar watchedhelplessly.“Father, let me catch him!” pleaded Voluxsuddenly. “He canʼt travel fast so trammelled - Ican catch him!”“It is too late.” Taking the fine handkerchief hisservant gave him, King Bocchus dried his eyesand blew his nose. “He will never let himself becaught, that one. We are as helpless babescompared to Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who is aRoman. No, my son, poor Jugurthaʼs fate is outof our hands. We have Mauretania to think of.Itʼs time to go home to our beloved Tingis. Perhapswe donʼt belong in the world of the MiddleSea.”__________For perhaps a mile Sulla rode without speakingor letting his pace slacken. All his jubilance,his fantastic pleasure in his own brilliance, hekept as tightly reined as he did his prisonerJugurtha. Yes, if he did the dissemination properly,and without detracting from the achievementsof Gaius Marius, the story of his captureof Jugurtha would join those other wonderfulstories mothers told their children - the leap ofyoung Marcus Curtius into the chasm of theForum Romanum, the heroism of Horatius Cocleswhen he held the Wooden Bridge againstLars Porsenna of Clusium, the drawing of thecircle around the King of Syriaʼs feet by GaiusPopillius Laenas, the killing of his treasonoussons by Lucius Junius Brutus, the killing of SpuriusMaelius the would-be King of Rome byGaius Servilius Ahala - yes, the capture ofJugurtha by Lucius Cornelius Sulla would joinall those and many more bedtime stories, for ithad all the necessary elements, including theride through the middle of Jugurthaʼs camp.But he was not by nature a romancer, adreamer, a builder of fantasies, so he found iteasy to abandon these thoughts when it cametime to halt, to dismount. Keeping well clear ofJugurtha, he went to the lead holding the fourspare horses, and cut it, then set the animalscareering in all directions with a shower of wellplacedstones.“I see,” said Jugurtha, watching Sulla scrambleastride his by by grabbing at his mane. “Wehave to de a hundred miles on the same horhorses,eh? I was wondering how you were goingto manage to transfer me from one beast toanother.” He laughed jeeringly. “My cavalry willcatch you, Lucius Cornelius.”“Hopefully not,” said Sulla, and jerked hisprisonerʼs mount forward.Instead of proceeding due north to the sea,he headed due east across a small plain, androde for ten miles through the breathless nightof early summer, his way lit up by a sliver ofmoon in the west. Then in the far distancereared a range of mountains, solidly black; infront of it and much closer was a huddle of giganticround rocks piled in jumbled heaps,looming above the sparse and stunted trees.“Right where it ought to be!” Sulla exclaimedjoyously, and whistled shrilly.His own Ligurian cavalry squadron spilled outof the shelter afforded by the boulders, eachman encumbered by two spare mounts; silentlythey rode to meet Sulla and his prisoner, andproduced two extra horses. And two mules.“I sent them here to wait for me six days ago,King Jugurtha,” Sulla said. “King Bocchusthought I came to his camp alone, but as yousee, I didnʼt. I had Publius Vagiennius followingclose behind me, and sent him back to bring uphis troop to wait for me here.”Freed from his encumbrances, Sulla supervisedthe remounting of Jugurtha, who now waschained to Publius Vagiennius. And soon theywere riding away, bearing northeast to skirtJugurthaʼs camp by many miles.“I donʼt suppose, your royal Majesty,” saidPublius Vagiennius with delicate diffidence,“that you would be able to tell me whereaboutsIʼd find snails around Cirta? Or around anywhereelse in Numidia, for that matter?”By the end of June the war in Africa was over.For a little while Jugurtha was housed in appropriatelycomfortable quarters in Utica, as Mariusand Sulla tidied up. And there his two sons,Iampsas and Oxyntas, were brought to keephim company while his court disintegrated andthe scrabbling for places of influence under thenew regime began.King Bocchus got his treaty of friendship andalliance from the Senate, and prince Gauda theInvalid became King Gauda of a considerablyreduced Numidia. It was Bocchus who reapedthe extra territory from a Rome too busy elsewhereto expand her African province by manyhundreds of miles.And as soon as a small fleet of good shipsand stable weather ensured a smooth passage,Marius loaded King Jugurtha and his sons onboard one of these hired vessels, and sentthem to Rome for safekeeping. The NumidianInhalt:1.! Wie heißt der mauretanische König?2.! Inwieweit findet Sulla eine andere Situation vor, als mit Gaius Marius besprochen worden ist?3.! Wer ist Volux? Was bietet er Sulla an?4.! Für welche beiden merkwürdig anmutenden Attribute war laut McCullough Sulla bekannt?5.! Was ist am Lager des Jugurtha typisch römisch, was nicht?6.! Inwiefern und warum verändert sich das Verhalten des Volux Sulla gegenüber?7.! Worin besteht die Farce, die Sulla vor und mit dem mauretanischen König spielt?8.! Inwiefern ist Sulla nicht “nur ein einfacher Quaestor”?9. Inwiefern hintergeht Sulla nicht nur Jugurtha, sondern auch den mauretanischen König?10. Welche Bedeutung hat der Coup der Gefangennahme für Sullas persönlichen Ehrgeiz?11. Informiere dich über! a) Marcus Curtius,! b) Horatius Cocles und! c) Gaius Popillius Laenas!12. Sallust beschreibt im vorletzten Kapitel des Bellum Iugurthinum die Gefangennahme des Königs! wie folgt. Vergleiche beide Textauszüge in Bezug auf den Inhalt und die Darstellung!Tamen postremo Sullam accersi iubet et ex illius sententia Numidae insidias tendit.Dennoch lässt er schließlich Sulla herbeirufen und legt nach dessen Wunsch dem Numider einen Hinterhalt.Deinde, ubi dies advenit et ei nuntiatum est Iugurtham haud procul abesse, cumSobald dann der Tag angebrochen und ihm gemeldet worden ist, dass Jugurtha nicht weit entfernt sei,paucis amicis et quaestore nostro quasi obvius honoris causa procedit in tumulumrückt er mit einigen Freunden und mit unserem Quaestor wie zu einer Begrüßung ehrenhalber auf den Hügelfacillimum visu insidiantibus. Eodem Numida cum plerisque necessariis suis, invor,der sehr leicht für die Fallensteller zu sehen war. Ebendorthin geht der Numider mit den meisten seinerermis, uti dictum erat, accedit, ac statim signo dato undique simul ex insidiis inva-Angehörigen, unbewaffnet, wie oben gesagt wurde, und sogleich wird er auf ein gegebenes Zeichen hin vonallen Seiten zugleich aus dem Hinterhalt angegangen.ditur. Ceteri obtruncati, Iugurtha Sullae vinctus traditur et ab eo ad Marium deductus! Die übrigen wurden niedergemacht, Jugurtha wird in Fesseln dem Sulla übergeben und von diesem zuest.! Marius geführt.__________threat vanished over the horizon with the passingof Jugurtha.(from: Colleen McCullough: The First Man in Rome)

12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Sm12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Sm____________________

12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Sm12/13 gN (Lat. ab 11) Sallust: Bellum Iugurthinum - 2. Personen - 2.7. Sulla! Sm____________________aus: Karfunkel Codex Nr. 4, 2006