A comparative analysis of Disaster Risk management Practices in ...

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different interested parties to the DRM city profiles, Sound Practices, a DRM specialized libraryand a contact directory in each one of the participating cities.The information collected was then translated to three disaster risk management matrixes, onefor each one of the thematic areas, its components and the seven selected cities. In addition, afourth matrix was constructed based on what city managers have identified as the major issues orroadblocks for a more effective risk reduction strategy.A specific table to describe the characteristics of the three priority areas for action included inthis report and its respective key components have been reproduced from the UN/ISDR 2004publication, Living with Risk and are used in the comparative charts for the seven cities includedin this report.3.1. Political Commitment and Institutional DevelopmentGood governance is seen in the ISDR framework as a key area to promote sustained riskreduction efforts. If local governments and municipalities can count on appropriate legalframeworks that embrace options for prevention and mitigation; if a strong organizationalstructure is set with appropriate staff and resources for DRM delivery; and if the integration ofall the stakeholders in the cities, such as the scientific and the private sector, the civil society andother sectors of the economy is promoted, then prospects for a greater capacity to handle risksare increased. Table I includes a suggested list of key activities to progressively ensure thatdisaster risk reduction is a priority that counts on a strong institutional bases for implementation.Table I. A framework to guide and monitor Disaster Risk ReductionThematic area 1: Political Commitment and Institutional Development (Governance)Source 12 : ISDR (2004), Living with Risk, A global review of disaster reduction initiativesThematic areas/ComponentsPolicy and planningLegal and regulatoryframeworkCharacteristics• Risk reduction as a policy priority• Risk reduction incorporated into postdisaster reconstruction• Integration of risk reduction indevelopment planning and sectoral policies(poverty eradication, social protection,sustainable development, climate changeadaptation, desertification, energy, naturalresource management, etc)• Laws, acts and regulations• Codes, standards• Compliance and enforcement• AccountabilityResources • Resource mobilization and allocation:financial (innovative and alternativefunding, taxes, incentives), human,technical, materialCriteria for benchmarks(adapted to megacities context)• Megacity wide risk reductionstrategy• Disaster reduction in povertyreduction strategy papers• Participation in regional andinternational activities, programmes,networks and structures (includingmajor conventions)• Requirement of compliance by law• Existence and update of codes andstandards• Existence of systems to ensurecompliance and enforcement• Evidence of budget allocation• Staffing allocation• Public-private partnerships4
Organizationalstructures• Interministerial, multidisciplinary &multisectoral approaches• Implementing and coordinatingmechanisms• Decentralization, civil society andcommunity participation, local institutions• Existence of an administrativestructure responsible for disasterreduction• Sectoral Programs• Consultation with and role for civilsociety, NGOs, private sector andcommunities• Existence of ‘watchdog” groupsFigure 1 summarizes the results of the survey undertaken in the seven megacities related to theexisting organization, political commitment and its legal and institutional support. Theavailability of a risk reduction strategy for the city and how risk reduction concepts have beenintroduced or not in current development plans are investigated to better understand policy andplanning perspectives. How is the DRM legal and regulatory systems working, if there areavailable building/construction codes and standards and the mechanisms for its enforcement andcompliance are some of the important aspects considered. The availability of human andfinancial resources to keep risk reduction activities in the agenda and what is the organizationalstructure supporting these process, are also examined.Figure 1. Summary of current DRM status in seven megacitiesThematic area 1: Political Commitment and Institutional DevelopmentGood Progress Incipient Not in PlaceRole for the civil societySectoral RR ProgramsDRM StructurePublic-Private Partner.Budget & staff allocationCompliance/enforcementcodes and standardsRR in Development PlansRisk Reduction StrategyTehranManila Mumbai KMC Istanbul Quito BogotáFive of the seven cities investigated count on newly developed plans that lay down a morecomprehensive approach to DRM, most of them produced in partnership with internationalresearch organizations. Actually four of them have been produced with the assistance of theGovernment of Japan through its International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and they areMetropolitan Manila, Kathmandu, Istanbul and Tehran. In all the cases, the constitution of localadvisory groups and the integration of other city stakeholders coming from the academia, theprivate sector, the NGOs and the community are observed. The so called “JICA studies” provide5
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