Oktober, november 2011 - Adria Airways

( 4 )Matej VraničAdria Airways In-Flight MagazineRevija Adria Airways In-Flight Magazineje namenjena potnikom na poletih z Adrio Airways.Adria In-flight Magazine is complimentaryon Adria Airways flights.Izdajatelj/Published:Adria Airways, Slovenski letalski prevoznik, d.d.Adria Airways, The Airline of SloveniaZgornji Brnik 130h, 4210 Brnik - AerodromUredništvo / Editorial: Barbara Mihevc BukovecTel. / Phone + 386 4 259 4541E- mail: barbara.bukovec@adria.siUrednica / Edited by: Meta KreseOglaševanje / Advertising: Alenka DvoršakTel. / Phone + 386 4 259 4526E- mail: alenka.dvorsak@adria.siOblikovanje in AD / Design and AD: LUKS StudioPrevod / Translated by: AmidasLektorica/ Language editing: Vera SamohodFotoliti / Lithography: SET, d.o.o.Tisk / Printed by: Korotan – Ljubljana, d.o.o.ISSN 1318-0789Mnenja, izražena v tej publikaciji, so zgolj mnenjaavtorjev ali intervjuvancev in ne odsevajo nujnostališč Adrie Airways. Razmnoževanje brez pisnegadovoljenja je prepovedano. Izdajatelj ne prevzemanikakršne odgovornosti za nenaročeno gradivo.The opinions expressed in this publication are thoseof the authors or persons interviewed only and donot necessarily reflect the views of Adria Airways.Reproduction without written permission isprohibited. The pub lish er accepts no responsibilityfor unsolicit ed material.Brezplačen izvod / Your personal copyVsebina/Contents3236445258647076828894102Adrijina potnica/Adria PassengerMiša TičarMiša TičarAdrijana Šelj • Domen PalAmsterdamAmsterdamDavid Šalamun • Chris de BodeSkrivnosti gozda/Secrets of the ForestBrez gozdov bi slabo živeliOur Lives Would Be Poorer Without ForestsStaša Tome • Davorin TomeSlovenija, tretja najbolj gozdnata dežela v EvropiThe Third Most Forested Country in EuropeRobert BrusRazkošje drevesnih vrstA Wealth of Tree SpeciesRobert BrusMala uharicaThe Long-eared OwlMarjan Žiberna • Matej VraničStoli Janeza SuhadolcaThe Chairs of Janez SuhadolcSandra Jazbec • Dragan ArriglerBalonarstvo/BallooningZ Avijem Šornom nad LjubljanoWith Avi Šorn in the Skies Above LjubljanaMeta Krese • Arne HodaličKrasoslovje v Združenih arabskih emiratih/Karstology in the United Arab EmiratesLegenda o razkriti, a še naprej skrivnostnikristalni jamiThe Legend of a Still-Mysterious Hidden Crystal CaveDragica BošnjakPredjamski grad/Predjama CastleSveže češnje iz obleganega graduFresh Cherries From a Besieged CastleLuka DakskoblerLjubljanaIvan Hribar, župan, ki je obnovil po potresuporušeno mestoIvan Hribar, the Mayor who Rebuilt from the Rubble of the EarthquakeAlja BukovecKamčatka/KamchatkaVijuganje po zasneženih deviških strminahSkiing Down Virgin SlopesAleš Fevžer

( 6 )Adria Airways Novosti/NewsZimski vozni redAdria Airways bo 30. oktobra 2011 prešla na zimski vozni red, ki bo veljal do 24. marca 2012.Urnik letenja se prilagaja potrebam potnikov in vsakodnevno povezuje Ljubljano z desetimidestinacijami ter tako skrbi za čim boljšo povezanost Slovenije s svetom.Adria Airways je v skladu s programom prestrukturiranja v zimskem voznem redu optimiziralamrežo poletov. Iz Ljubljane bo tako opravila 163 rednih tedenskih letov na 15 destinacij, večinomapo Evropi: štirikrat dnevno bo letela v Frankfurt, trikrat dnevno pa na Dunaj, v Muenchen inZuerich. Ljubljano bo z Brusljem povezovala trinajstkrat, Skopje pa enajstkrat tedensko. Z namenom,da bi omogočila potnikom čim boljši vozni red, je dodala število tedenskih letov na liniji vBeograd, kamor bo pozimi letela osemkrat na teden. Devetkrat tedensko bo Ljubljano povezovalaz Moskvo, sedem letov tedensko bo opravila v Istanbul, Prištino in Tirano, šest v Sarajevo in pet vAmsterdam. Trikrat tedensko bo letela v Podgorico, dvakrat na teden pa v Koebenhavn.Decembra 2010 je Adria Airways vzpostavila redne povezave iz Prištine, od koder bo pozimisedemkrat tedensko letela v Muenchen in štirikrat tedensko v Frankfurt.S pomočjo trdnega članstva v svetovnem globalnem združenju Star Alliance ohranja AdriaAirways svojo poslovno politiko mrežnega prevoznika, ki ponuja globalno storitev. S floto 4000 letalopravijo članice združenja Star Alliance dnevno več kot 21.200 letov na 1.185 letališč v 185 državah.Winter timetableOn 30 October 2011 Adria Airways moves over to its winter timetable, valid until 24 March2012. The timetable is designed to meet passengers' needs, linking Ljubljana to ten destinationsevery day and in this way providing the best possible connections between Slovenia andthe rest of the world.In line with its restructuring programme, Adria Airways has optimised its network of flights in thewinter timetable. Each week we will operate 163 scheduled flights from Ljubljana to 15 destinations,mostly in Europe: four times daily to Frankfurt, and three times a day to Vienna, Munich andZurich. We will also fly to Brussels 13 times a week and to Skopje 11 times a week. In order tooffer passengers the best possible timetable, we have increased the number of weekly flights toBelgrade to eight. There will also be nine flights a week to Moscow, seven flights a week to Istanbul,Priština and Tirana, six to Sarajevo and five to Amsterdam. Adria will fly three times a week toPodgorica and twice a week to Copenhagen.In December 2010 Adria introduced scheduled services from Priština, and this winter we will flyseven times a week from there to Munich and four times a week to Frankfurt.Thanks to its solid membership of the Star Alliance, Adria Airways is able to maintain its commercialpolicy of being a network carrier offering global services. With a combined fleet of 4,000 aircraft,Star Alliance operates more than 21,200 flights each day to 1,185 airports in 185 countries.Deset let uspešnega letenja v PodgoricoAdria Airways je začela z leti iz Ljubljane v Podgorico v maju 2001. V začetku letošnjega septembraso v Podgorici slovesno obeležili ta jubilejni dogodek. Na liniji Ljubljana–Podgorica je vdesetletnem obdobju letelo preko 110.000 potnikov. V poletnem voznem redu je Adria povezovalaobe glavni mesti trikrat na teden, prav tako bo letela tudi v zimskem času. Leti se opravljajo vsodelovanju s črnogorsko letalsko družbo Montenegro Airlines, s katero letita izmenično. Adrialeti na teh progah večinoma z letali tipa Canadair Regional Jet- 200 z 48 sedeži, let do Podgoricepa traja uro in petindvajset minut.Ten Years of Successful Services to PodgoricaAdria Airways started operating flights from Ljubljana to Podgorica in May 2001. At the beginningof September a special ten-year anniversary event was celebrated in Podgorica. Over the past decadethe Ljubljana-Podgorica service has carried more than 110,000 passengers. In the summer timetable,Adria linked the two capital cities three times a week, and will continue this schedule in winter.Flights are operated in cooperation with the Montenegrin national carrier Montenegro Airlines, whichalternates the service with Adria. On this route Adria operates mainly operates CRJ200, and the flight toPodgorica takes an hour and 25 minutes.Adrijin prispevekZdruženju bolnikovs cerebrovaskularnoboleznijoV začetku oktobra je skupina slovenskih bolnikov scerebrovaskularno boleznijo odpotovala v Makedonijona srečanje s tamkajšnjim društvom kapistov. Ti senamreč v obdobju rehabilitacije povezujejo v posameznadruštva, ta pa izmenjujejo svoje izkušnje tudi nameddržavni ravni.Član slovenskega društva kapistov je tudi Adrijin kapitaninštruktor Vladimir Nikitenko, ki je pred leti doživelmožgansko kap. V obdobju rehabilitacije se je pridružilZdruženju bolnikov s cerebrovaskularno boleznijoSlovenije, kjer še danes skupaj z ostalimi bolniki premagujenajrazličnejše ovire na poti do večje vključenostiposameznikov v aktivno življenje po bolezni.S svojim prispevkom v obliki letalskih vozovnic jeAdria pomagala društvu, da je lažje uresničilo zastavljenecilje.Adria contributes to Associationof Cerebrovascular DiseasePatientsAt the beginning of October, a group of Slovene cerebrovascularpatients travelled to Macedonia for a meeting withthe local stroke patient association. During their rehabilitationthese patients join together to form individualassociations, which then share their experiences on theinternational level.The members of the Slovene stroke patients' associationinclude Adria pilot instructor Vladimir Nikitenko, whosuffered a stroke several years ago. During his rehabilitationhe joined the Association of Cerebrovascular DiseasePatients of Slovenia, where today along with otherpatients he is overcoming a range of obstacles on hispath to greater involvement in active life after this illness.Through its contribution in the form of air tickets, Adriahas helped the Association pursue its goals more easily.

Aktualne ponudbe/Latest OffersV vsaki številki revije vas bomo seznanjali z najnovejšimi ugodnimi ponudbami, ki jih za vas pripravljamoskozi vse leto. / We will keep you up to date with our latest special offers in each issue of the magazine.Special offers are available throughout the year.Ujemi ugoden polet ...Na vseh Adrijinih rednih linijah imamo ugodne ponudbe po načelu »Kupiprej, potuj ceneje«. Da bi našo ponudbo še bolj približali vašim potrebam,imamo na voljo znižane cene potovanj tudi med tednom.... in prihrani pri najemu vozil!Če planirate jesensko / zimske počitnice v oktobru, novembru ali decembru,rezervirajte vozilo pri BUDGET-u in prihranite 10% pri vseh najemihv Evropi (z izjemo Malte). Med postopkom on-line rezervacije preprostovnesite promocijsko kodo L176700 za 10% popust pri najemih od 1. oktobrado 15. decembra 2011.Člani kluba Miles & More lahko pri vsakem najemu pridobijo 500 dodatnihmilj. Ob prevzemu (ali vračilu) vozila in predložitvi članske izkaznicese bodo milje avtomatsko zabeležile na potnikov račun.Delujem ekonomično,potujem poslovno!Za nakup letalske vozovnice vsaj sedem dni pred začetkom vašega potovanjavam za ceno potovanja v ekonomskem razredu nudimo polet vposlovnem. Ponudba velja za nakup vozovnice v ekonomskem razredupo najvišji ceni. Edina omejitev je nakup vozovnice najmanj sedem dnipred odhodom; spremembe rezervacij so brezplačne.Varčujem, a ne na račun kakovosti!Več o ponudbi preberite na www.adria.si ali pa pokličite tel. št. 080 13 00.Adrijine E-noviceVabimo vas, da obiščete naše spletne strani www.adria.si in se prijavitena Adrijine E-novice. S tem boste enkrat mesečno obveščeni o našihnovostih in posebnih ponudbah. E-novice bodo za vas vir dragocenihinformacij in idej pri načrtovanju potovanja ali počitnic.Naj bo obveščenost vaša prednost!Adria Airways Special Offers!Special offers are available on all of Adria’s scheduled services on a“buy early, fly for less” basis. To make our services even more attractive,reduced fares are available for travel during the week.Save on car hire!If you are planning a winter getaway, then book your hire car with Budgetthis October, November and December for 10% off at all locations inEurope (excluding Malta). Simply enter the discount code L176700 whenbooking online from 1 st October – 15 th December 2011.By booking Budget you can also earn 500 award miles with Miles andMore. Simply show your membership card at the Budget counter for yourmiles to be automatically added.Work economically,travel in business!When you buy a ticket at least seven days in advance, you can travel inbusiness class for the price of an economy-class fare. This offer applies toeconomy-class tickets purchased at the highest rate. The only restriction isthat you must purchase your ticket at least seven days before you travel.Changes to the reservation can be made free of charge.Savings, no change in quality!For more information visit www.adria.si or call us on 080 13 00.Adria E-newsWhy not visit our website www.adria.si and subscribe to Adria’s E-newsservice? Once a month you will receive updates on new services and specialoffers – straight to your inbox! This means that E-news will be a valuablesource of information and ideas when you are planning a journey or holiday.Let information be to your advantage!( 7 )Pridružite se nam na FacebookuJoin us on Facebookwww.facebook.com/AdriaAirwaysSledite nam na TwitterjuFollow us on Twitterhttp://twitter.com/adria_airways© Corbis/IPAK ImagesBEOGRAD–LJUBLJANA–BRUSELJODFROMEUR 260SKOPJE–LJUBLJANA–ZURICHODFROMEUR 291MUNCHEN–PRISTINAODFROMEUR 275LJUBLJANA–COPENHAGENODFROMEUR 190Zgoraj navedene cene so najnižje veljavne cene na Adrijinih poletih, vključujejo pa povratni prevoz in vse ostale dajatve, razen stroška rezervacije. Število ponujenih sedežev po tej ceni je omejeno.The prices given above are the lowest valid prices for Adria flights, and include return flight and all other taxes and fees, except for booking fees. There are limited seats available at this price.

Mitja Sagaj, Prizemljeni( 11 )Mirjan Drakulić, 2-DC-6B

( 12 )Naja Kikelj, Dovoljenje imate za vzlet

Photography Competitionas Part of the Exhibition“Adria 50,Cleared For Take Off!”( 13 )This year the National Museum of Contemporary Historyand Adria Airways held an interesting exhibition entitled“Adria 50, Cleared for Take-Off”, to commemorate the fiftiethanniversary of Slovenia’s biggest airline. The exhibitionran from 20 April to 23 September. A variety of activities took place atthe museum to coincide with the exhibition, including workshops andspecial educational programmes for children, and a photography competitionwhich attracted entries from amateur and professional photographersalike. Fifteen photographers submitted a selection of theirphotos to the competition, which ran from 1 July to 26 August.The four members of a mixed panel of judges (consisting of representativesof the National Museum of Contemporary History and AdriaAirways) chose two winning photographs: “The Precious Moment” byJan Kikelj and “The Grounded” by Mitja Sagaj.The two winners received return flights with Adria Airways to a destinationof their choice. The panel also decided to award a special prizeto Naja Kikelj, whose sequence of four photographs told an engagingphoto-story about Adria Airways.The best of the photographs submitted were also exhibited at theNational Museum of Contemporary History.

( 14 ){ Umetnost & kultura }Divača, stalna razstavaMuzej slovenskihfilmskih igralcevFoto: Jaka BabnikV središču Divače, v čudovitem ambientu prenovljene Škrateljnove domačije, se nahaja nedavnoodprt Muzej slovenskih filmskih igralcev, kompleks več arhitekturnih in vsebinskih sklopov.Muzej ponuja edinstveno doživetje slovenske filmske dediščine s poudarkom na igralski umetnosti.Na stalni razstavi, posvečeni Iti Rini, rojeni kot Ida Kravanja leta 1907 v Divači, se obiskovalciseznanijo z življenjem in delom filmske igralke, ki je v 30-ih letih prejšnjega stoletja zaslovelapo Evropi in svetu. Osrednja stalna razstava, postavljena v največjem poslopju kompleksa inzasnovana po sodobnih muzeoloških načelih, pa obiskovalcem odstira skrivnosti filmske igre injih seznanja z domačimi igralci in igralkami, ki so se zapisali v zgodovino slovenskega filma.Muzejski kompleks bogatita poleg dveh razstavnih prostorov še večnamenska dvorana,namenjena delavnicam, predavanjem, filmskim projekcijam…, in letni kino, kjer si lahkoljubitelji filma ogledajo v poletnih mesecih pod zvezdnatim nebom svoje priljubljene igralcein igralke. V sodelovanju s sorodnimi lokalnimi, nacionalnimi in medregijskimi ustanovamipostaja muzej pomembno kulturno središče in prostor za ohranjanje in razvijanjefilmske kulture.Ribnica, Galerija Miklova hiša, od 11. novembra do 11. decembraFotografija – vestslovenske družbeRazstavljeni ciklusi Jake Adamiča, Primoža Bizjaka, Jureta Eržena,Jake Gasarja, Arneta Hodaliča, Mance Juvan, Boruta Krajnca,Boštjana Puclja, Matjaža Rušta in Igorja Škafarja umeščajo avtorjemed tiste fotografe, ki uporabljajo fotografijo za kritično interpretiranjevsakodnevnega življenja. Čeprav se marsikdo med njimizaradi svojega dela premika po svetu, je izbor omejen na tistenjihove zgodbe, ki so posnete v Sloveniji. Kontekst, v katerega soumestili razstavljene fotografije, dovoljuje gledalcu, da jih lahkodojema osebno, politično, ekonomsko, dramatično, vsakdanje alipa zgodovinsko. V končni fazi pa lahko gledalcu, naveličanemuvrtanja v bistvo pomena teh fotografij, dajejo s svojo preciznostjoin domišljenostjo v likovnih elementih tudi dovolj estetskega veselja,da potešijo njegovo potrebo po umetniški lepoti.Ribnica, Miklova Hiša Gallery, 11 November to 11 DecemberPhotography, the Conscience of Slovene SocietyThese series of photographs by Jaka Adamič, Primož Bizjak, JureEržen, Jaka Gasar, Arne Hodalič, Manca Juvan, Borut Krajnc, BoštjanPucelj, Matjaž Rušt and Igor Škafar place the artists among thosephotographers who use photography for a critical interpretation ofeveryday life. Although in many cases their work takes them aroundthe world, the selection here is limited to stories that they havephotographed in Slovenia. The context into which the exhibited photographshave been placed allows the viewer to interpret them in apersonal, political, economic, dramatic, everyday or historical sense,although ultimately their precision and the imaginativeness of theirartistic elements means that they can also give the viewer who istired of searching for the essence of their meaning sufficient aestheticpleasure to satisfy his need for artistic beauty.www.miklovahisa.siDivača, Permanent exhibitionMuseum of Slovene Film ActorsIn the centre of Divača, in the wonderful setting of the renovated Škrateljn Farm, is the recentlyopened Slovene Film Actors Museum, a complex consisting of several buildings andthematic units.The museum offers a unique experience of Slovenia's cinematic heritage, with an emphasison the art of acting. At the permanent exhibition devoted to Ita Rina, born in Divača in 1907(as Ida Kravanja), visitors can find out about the life and work of a film actress who becamefamous throughout Europe and the world in the 1930s. The main permanent exhibition,housed in the largest building of the complex and designed according to modern museologicalprinciples, reveals to visitors the secrets of film acting and introduces them to the actors andactresses who helped write the history of Slovene cinema.As well as the two exhibition spaces, the museum complex has a multipurpose hall used forworkshops, lectures, film projections and so on, and an outdoor cinema, where in the summermonths cinephiles can watch their favourite actors and actresses beneath the starry sky. In collaborationwith related local, national and interregional institutions, the museum is becoming animportant cultural centre and a place for the conservation and development of film culture.www.muzejdivaca.siFoto: Igor Škafar

{ Umetnost & kultura }Ljubljana, Maribor, od 9. do 20. novembra22. Ljubljanski mednarodnifilmski festival – LIFFe( 16 )Pedro Almodovar: Koža, v kateri živim / The Skin I Live inNanni Moretti: Imamo papeža / Habemus PapamNa klasičnih festivalskih lokacijah, v ljubljanskem Cankarjevem domu, Kinodvoru, Kinu Šiška, Slovenskikinoteki in letos ponovno obujenem Kinu Komuna ter v dvorani 5. mariborskega Koloseja si bodofilmofili lahko ogledali pregled najboljšega, kar sta v zadnjem obdobju ustvarili evropska in svetovnafilmska produkcija.Filmi so razvrščeni po sklopih: Perspektive so uraden tekmovalni sklop mladih režiserjev, ki se potegujejoza Mobitelovo nagrado vodomec. V Predpremierah so filmski vrhunci, ki so tudi sicer odkupljeniza predvajanje po Sloveniji. Sekcija Kralji in kraljice nudi dela prepoznavnih in nagrajevanih mojstrovsodobnega filma, Panorama svetovnega filma pa festivalske favorite s petih celin. Ekstravaganca, t. i. polnočnikino, prinaša raznovrstne, drznejše in žgečkljive vsebine, Fokus pa vpogled v eno ali več »vročih«nacionalnih kinematografij, letos v mladi grški film. Retrospektiva je letos posvečena fenomenu t. i.meta-filma, filmom, ki se ukvarjajo sami s sabo, z ustvarjalnim procesom in predvsem brisanjem tankemeje med realnim in namišljenim. Posvečeno prinaša carte blanche, zdaj že znameniti avstrijsko-nemškikritiški skupni Ferronijeva brigada (The Ferroni Brigade), ki je pripravila programski sklop, posvečen klasičnemufinskemu filmu štiridesetih in petdesetih let. Kino-integral, sekcija, namenjena eksperimentalnemufilmu, prinaša letos pregled španske šole filmske avantgarde. Svet na kratko je tekmovalniprogram sodobnega kratkega filma. Na Liffu niso pozabili niti na najmlajše in tako so v sodelovanju sKinodvorom v okviru Kinobalona že tretjič organizirali filme, primerne za otroke od 7. do 14. leta.In še nekaj vidnejših filmov, ki jih bo letos moč videti na Liffu: Melanholija (Lars von Trier); Koža, vkateri živim (Pedro Almodovar); Faust (Aleksandr Sokurov); Potiche (Francois Ozon); Polnoč v Parizu(Woody Allen); The Guard (John Michael McDonagh), irski film s Katarino Čas v stranski vlogi; Le Havre(Aki Kaurismaki); Fant na kolesu (brata Dardenne); Imamo papeža (Nanni Moretti); Torinski konj (BelaTarr); Bilo je nekoč v Anatoliji (Nuri Bilge Ceylan).Woody Allen: Polnoč v Parizu / Midnight in ParisLars von Trier: Melanholija / MelancholiaLjubljana, Maribor, 9 to 20 November22nd Ljubljana International Film Festival – LIFFeAt the traditional festival locations – Cankarjev Dom, Kinodvor, Kino Šiška, Slovenska Kinoteka andKino Komuna (newly reopened this year) in Ljubljana and Screen 5 of the Kolosej multiplex in Maribor –cinephiles can enjoy a selection of the best recent films from European and world cinema.The programme is divided into the following sections: Perspectives is the official competition sectionfor young directors competing for the Mobitel Kingfisher award. The Avant-premières section consists ofmajor films that have already secured distribution in Slovenia. Kings and Queens includes works by awardwinningmasters of modern cinema. World Film Panorama includes festival favourites from the five continents.Extravaganza or 'midnight cinema' serves up bolder and sometimes provocative content in a varietyof genres, while Focus offers an insight into a currently "hot" national cinema, this year young Greek cinema.This year's Retrospective section is dedicated to the phenomenon of "meta-film", in other words filmsthat deal with themselves, with the creative process and, above all, with blurring the thin border betweenthe real and the imagined. The Tribute section offers carte blanche to celebrated Austrian/German criticsthe Ferroni Brigade, who have prepared a programme section dedicated to the classic Finnish cinema ofthe 1940s and 1950s. Kino-Integral, the section dedicated to experimental film, looks this year at theSpanish school of avant-garde cinema. The World in Brief is a competition section for contemporary shortfilms. Even the youngest film-goers are catered for at LIFFe, and for the third year running Kinobalon, inconjunction with Kinodvor, will be showing films suitable for 7- to 14-year-olds.Some of the more notable films that you will be able to see at LIFFe this year: Melancholia (Lars von Trier);The Skin I Live in (Pedro Almodóvar); Faust (Aleksandr Sokurov); Potiche (François Ozon); Midnight in Paris(Woody Allen); The Guard (John Michael McDonagh; this Irish film features Slovene actress Katarina Čas ina supporting role); Le Havre (Aki Kaurismäki); The Kid with a Bike (the Dardenne brothers); Habemus Papam(Nanni Moretti); The Turin Horse (Béla Tarr); Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (Nuri Bilge Ceylan).www.liffe.si

{ Umetnost & kultura }( 18 )Radovljica, Muzeji radovljiške občine,Letalstvov modelihRadovljiška graščina, do 15. decembraZačetki slovenskega letalstva segajo v čas prvegabalonarja leta 1810 in prvega motornega letalca leta1909. Letalsko modelarstvo pa je še zgodnejše, saj sona Slovenskem izdelali prvi model balona že leta 1784,prvi letalski modeli pa so nastajali še pred koncem19. stoletja. Modeli nam zdaj omogočajo pogled v preteklost− ob njih se seznanjamo z letali, ki jih ni več;omogočajo nam pogled v prihodnost – seznanjajonas z letali, ki jih še ni; lahko pa so zgolj modeli zaradimodelov, ki naj čim bolje letijo in so del pestre športnemodelarske dejavnosti.Razstavo je spodbudila želja staroste slovenskihletalcev in modelarjev Albina Novaka, da se javnostipredstavijo modeli Rusjanovih in Bloudkovihletal ter letal drugih pomembnih slovenskih letalskihkonstruktorjev. Ogledamo si pomanjšanaletala: Edo 5, Rusjan-Merćepovo letalo, Apis, KB-3Jadran,Tončka, Libis 520, Inko, Minimo, Trojko, KB-6Matajurja, Aero 3, Libelo, Kavko in Štorkljo ter zbirkopoustvarjenih maket iz časa slovenske tovarne Letov-Libis.Večina je last Albina Novaka, nekaj so jihprispevali drugi modelarji. Predstavljeni so nekaterinajpomembnejši slovenski modelarji, med njimiStanko Bloudek, Pavel Podgornik, Zlatko Bisail inMarjan Mencinger.Radovljica, Museums of the Municipalityof Radovljica, Radovljiška Graščina,until 15 DecemberAviation in ModelsThe beginnings of Slovene aviation date back to the timeof the first balloon flight in 1810 and the first motorisedflight in 1909. Model aviation dates back even further,since the first model balloon in Slovenia was built in1784, while the first model aeroplanes appeared beforethe end of the 19 th century. Today these models can offerus a glimpse of the past – allowing us to see aircraftthat no longer exist – and a view of the future – introducingus to aircraft that are yet to be built, while at thesame time they can be models simply for the sake of it,designed to fly as well as possible, and part of the variedpastime of model aviation.The exhibition has its origin in the desire of thedoyen of Slovene aviators and model-makers, AlbinNovak, to present models of the aircraft of the Rusjanbrothers, Stanko Bloudek and other importantSlovene aircraft builders to the public. Model aircraftat the exhibition: Eda 5, Rusjan-Merćep, Apis, KB-3Jadran,Tonček, Libis 520, Inka, Minima, Trojka, KB-6Matajur, Aero 3, Libela, Kavka, Štorklja and a collectionof recreations of models dating from the time ofthe Letov-Libis aircraft factory in Slovenia. Most of themodels are the property of Albin Novak, while somehave been contributed by other model-makers. Theexhibition also includes a presentation of some of themost important Slovene model-makers, among themStanko Bloudek, Pavel Podgornik, Zlatko Bisail andMarjan Mencinger.www.muzeji-radovljica.siFoto: Miran Kambič (iz dokumentacije Muzejev radovljiške občine)je nekako polovica galerijskega časa namenjenega fotografom, polovica pa likovnimumetnikom; vsaka razstava traja en mesec in se menja prvo sredo v mesecu.Oktobra bodo na ogled porcelan Vesne Vidrih in fotografije Janga Mana, novembraskulpture Bojana Mavsarja in fotografije Emirja Sikirića, decembra pabo slikarska razstava Tatjane Šarkadi.Foto: Rado KrasnikVrhnikaMala mestna galerijaMala mestna galerija na Vrhniki deluje od maja 2011. Prvi umetniški dogodek obotvoritvi galerije je bila fotografska razstava članov foto kluba Okular. V galerijiimata domicil Foto klub Okular Vrhnika in umetniško društvo FLU (Festival ljubezniin umetnosti). Namen galerije je nuditi razstavni prostor uveljavljenim in šeneuveljavljenim fotografom in likovnim umetnikom ter popestritev kulturne inturistične ponudbe tako na Vrhniki kot tudi širše v regiji. Umetniški vodja galerijeje mag. Bojan Mavsar, akademski kipar. Razstave v galeriji so zasnovane tako, daVrhnikaMala Mestna GalerijaThe Mala Mestna Galerija or "Small Town Gallery" in Vrhnika opened its doors inMay 2011. The first artistic event, marking the opening of the gallery, was an exhibitionof photographs by members of the Okular photography club. The gallery,which opened in May of this year, is home to the Okular photography club of Vrhnikaand the art society FLU (the abbreviation stands for Festival of Love and Art). Thepurpose of the gallery is to offer an exhibition space to established and emergingphotographers and fine artists while at the same time acting as a new culturalfocus and tourist attraction for Vrhnika and the wider region. The artistic director ofthe gallery is the Academy-trained sculptor Bojan Mavsar. Exhibitions in the galleryare planned in such a way that roughly half of the exhibition time is reserved forphotographers and half for fine artists. Each exhibition lasts one month, with newexhibitions starting on the first Wednesday in the month.October sees exhibitions of porcelain by Vesna Vidrih and photographs by Jang Man;November will see exhibitions of sculptures by Bojan Mavsar and photographs by EmirSikirić; and December will feature an exhibition of paintings by Tatjana Šarkadi.

{ Art & Culture }Ljubljana, Cankarjev dom Ljubljana, slovenska premiera, 6. novembraKdo je naslednji?(Koncept in režija: Janez Janša)Kdo je naslednji? je projekt (Produkcija: Maska, koproducenti: Tanzquartier Wien, Avstrija,Inkonst, Malmö, Švedska), v katerem se šest izkušenih performerjev spopade sključnimi vprašanji sodobne umetnosti in performasa: kako misliti meje časa, vkaterem živimo, in kako misliti prihodnost ter z njo pogojeno negotovosti in tveganosti?Združili so moči s provokativnim umetnikov Janezom Janšo, čigar poljezanimanj se razprostira od rekonstrukcije, dokumentiranja in konceptualnegaperformansa do politike imaginacije in razmišljanja o prihodnosti, s svojimi akcijamipa vedno znova buri tako slovensko kot mednarodno javnost.Ljubljana, Cankarjev Dom Ljubljana, Slovene premiere: 6 NovemberWho's Next? Conceived and directed by Janez JanšaWho's Next? (producer: Maska, co-producers: Tanzquartier Wien, Austria, Inkonst,Malmö, Sweden) is a project in which six experienced performers confront keyissues of contemporary art and performance: how to conceive the boundaries ofthe time we live in, and how to imagine the future and the uncertainties and risksthat go with it? They have joined forces with the provocative artist Janez Janša,whose field of interest extends from reconstruction, documentation and conceptualperformance to the politics of imagination and meditation on the future, andwhose projects never fail to stir up both domestic and international audiences.www.cd-cc.si( 19 )Ljubljana, Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, do 15. septembra 2012Skrivnostna smrtmlade LeonoreSpomladi leta 2003 so v Piranskem zalivu opazili truplo mlade samice brazdastegakita. Okostje je pripadlo Prirodoslovnemu muzeju Slovenije. Ta največjieksponat, kar jih je muzej pridobil v svoji 190-letni zgodovini, so ljubkovalnopoimenovali Leonora. Na razstavi si lahko ogledate, kako so strokovnjaki iz večkot desettonske gmote razpadajočega trupla pridobili čudovito belo okostje, kise boči pod stropom dvorane. Ambientalna postavitev razstave, filmski posnetkiin zvočni učinki, interaktivne predstavitve, bogato slikovno gradivo in zanimivabesedila popeljejo obiskovalca v morske globine, kjer izve, kdo je bila mlada Leonora,od kod je prišla, kdo so bili njeni sorodniki in kakšne so bile njene življenjskenavade. Čeprav ostaja vzrok njene zgodnje smrti skrivnost, razstava opozarjana dejavnike, ki ogrožajo kite in so večinoma posledica človekovega delovanja.Ljubljana, Natural History Museum of Slovenia, until 15 September 2012The Mysterious Death of Young LeonoraIn the spring of 2003 a young female fin whale was found floating dead in PiranBay. The whale's skeleton was acquired by the Natural History Museum of Slovenia.This exhibit, the largest the museum has ever had in the course of its 190-year history, is affectionately known as Leonora. At the exhibition you can see howthe museum's experts turned more than ten tonnes of decomposing whale fleshinto the marvellous white skeleton that now hangs from the ceiling of the exhibitionhall. Using video footage, sound effects, interactive presentations, a wealthof images and interesting texts, the exhibition takes visitors down into the depthsof the sea, where they can find out who young Leonora was, where she camefrom, who her relatives are and how she lived. Although the cause of the youngwhale's death remains a mystery, the exhibition draws attention to threats currentlyaffecting whales, most of which are caused by human activities.www2.pms-lj.si

{ Umetnost & kultura / Art & Culture }( 20 )KUNST HAUS WIEN. MuzejHundertwasserHenri Cartier-Bresson: Indija –Amerika – RusijaOd 17. novembra 2011 do 26.februarja 2012Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908–2004) jes svojim obsežnim fotografskim delomin knjigo z naslovom Odločilni trenutek,objavljeno leta 1952, vplival na več generacijfotografov. Na tej razstavi, posvečeninjegovim potovanjem v Indijo, ZDA inRusijo, se KUNST HAUS WIEN osredotočana manj znan vidik tega soustanoviteljafotografske agencije Magnum.Henri Cartier-Bresson je leta 1946odpotoval s pisateljem Trumanom Capotejemv New Orleans, leta 1947 pa stas pesnikom Johnom Malcolmom Brinninomtri mesece potovala po ZDA.Konec leta 1947, kmalu po razglasitvineodvisnosti Indije, je Henri Cartier-Bressonodpotoval v Bombaj, kot se je mestotakrat imenovalo. Njegove fotografije izIndije so žive priče njegovega silnega zanimanjaza to deželo in njene ljudi.Leta 1954, leto po Stalinovi smrti, jeCartier-Bresson kot prvi tuji fotograf vstopilv Sovjetsko zvezo.Bruselj, WIELSAlina Szapocznikow, Sculture UndoneDo 8. januarja 2012Ta obsežni pregled poljske kiparke AlineSzapocznikowe (1926–1973) je ena prvihvečjih samostojnih razstav, ki predstavljadela te umetnice zunaj Poljske. Največjipoudarek je na njenem najbolj eksperimentalnemobdobju od šestdesetih dosedemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja.Umetnica, ki je preživela holokavst inv povojnem obdobju začela ustvarjatina bolj klasičen, figurativen način, je spoznejšim eksperimentiranjem in novokoncepcijo kiparstva zapustila dediščinoprovokativnih predmetov, ki so hkratiseksualizirani, globoki, šaljivi in političniter se lovijo nekje med nadrealizmom,novim realizmom in pop artom. Rahloobarvani odlitki njenih ustnic in prsiiz poliestrske smole, preoblikovani vvsakdanje predmete, kot so svetilke alipepelniki, njene gobaste poliuretanskeoblike, pogosto vdelane v odlitke trebuhovali živo travo, in njena konstrukcijasmolnatih kipov, katerih sestavni deli sonajdene fotografije, so še danes enakomočno zbadljivi, vizionarski in izvirni kotob svojem nastanku.München, Stara pinakotekaZakladi iz depojevDo 15. januarja 2012V znamenje obletnice predstavlja tarazstava redko videne slike iz bogatihzalog zbirke Stare pinakoteke. Med njimiso neznane mojstrovine, kot so kopijeGentskega oltarja Jana van Eycka, ki jihje izdelal Michiel Coxcie, in tudi primerizgodnjega italijanskega slikarstva, naprimer dela firenških umetnikov AgnolaGaddija in Fraja Angelica. Zgodovinskeslike velikega formata antwerpenske šoleiz obdobja od leta 1530 do 1570 razkrivajomočno razširjen vpliv manierizma.Nizozemska arhitekturna dela, ki so jimv 17. stoletju pravili »perspektive«, prikazujejoimaginarne in resnične stavbe.Razstavo zaokrožijo dela francoskih umetnikov,katerih pregled obsega vse: odzgodovinskih slik do portretov, nastalihod 17. stoletja do rokokoja.Amsterdam, Huis MarseilleSiebe Swart: Pokrajina zraka in vodeDo 26. februarja 2012Potem ko je bil leta 2007 objavljennjegov projekt Panorama Nederland,se je začel Siebe Swart posvečati nizozemskimvodam. Zadnjih nekaj let je izhelikopterja fotografiral boj Nizozemskez naraščajočo vodo. Dokumentiral jekrepitev in naravne tokove rek v državi,nenehen razvoj velikanskih gradbenihprojektov v delti Deltawerken ter vzdrževanjein upravljanje nizozemske obale.Nekaj, kar je s tal pogosto nevidno, je– gledano iz zraka – kot na dlani: večniboj z vodo je zapustil brazgotine povsej Nizozemski. Razpoke starih jezov;ograjeni rečni rokavi, ponovno odprti, dabi se skladali z najnovejšimi pogledi naupravljanje voda; nedavno in namernopoplavljena območja; umetni polotoki izpeska in gramoza – nizozemska krajinaje vsepovsod vidno zabrazgotinjena.London, Design MuseumTo je oblikovanjeDo 22. januarja 2012Razstava z naslovom To je oblikovanje jepraznik muzejske zbirke, ki preučuje vplivoblikovanja na sodobni svet in raziskujeposledice oblikovanja ter kako slednjeoblikuje naša življenja in sodobno kulturo.Po petih letih katalogizacije, hrambein dokumentiranja muzej spet razstavljavrhunce iz zbirke Collection na povezavihttp://designmuseum.org/collection.Zbirka vsebuje dela, med katerimi je vse:od prvih predmetov masovne proizvodnjedo najnovejšega sodobnega oblikovanja,pohištva, mode in keramike. Razstavauporablja teme, kot so identiteta, proizvodneinovacije, digitalna revolucija inživljenjska doba, ter na ta način raziskuje,kako nam oblikovanje ponuja vizualnijezik in s tem pomaga uporabljati predmeteokoli nas.KUNST HAUS WIEN. Museum HundertwasserHenri Cartier-Bresson: India–America–RussiaFrom 17 November 2011 until 26 February2012With his extensive photographic oeuvreand his book The Decisive Moment,published in 1952, Henri Cartier-Bresson(1908–2004) has influenced generationsof photographers. In this exhibition,which is devoted to his journeys to India,the USA and Russia, KUNST HAUS WIENfocuses on a little known aspect of thisco-founder of Magnum Photos.In 1946 he travelled to New Orleans withthe author Truman Capote, and journeyedthrough the USA with the poet John MalcolmBrinnin for three months in 1947.At the end of 1947, shortly after India'sdeclaration of independence, Henri Cartier-Bressontravelled to Bombay, as it wasthen called. Henri Cartier-Bresson's photographsfrom India bear vivid testimonyto his intense interest in that country andits people.In 1954, the year following Stalin's death,Cartier-Bresson became the first foreignphotographer to enter the Soviet Union.Brussels, WIELSAlina Szapocznikow, Sculpture UndoneUntil 8 January 2012This expansive survey of Polish sculptorAlina Szapocznikow (1926–1973) coincideswith the Polish presidency of theEuropean Union and is one of the firstmajor solo exhibitions of the artist's workoutside of Poland. It concentrates on hermost experimental period from the 1960sand 1970s, before her untimely death atthe age of 47.As a Holocaust survivor who began workingduring the post-war period in a ratherclassical, figurative manner, her later experimentationand re-conception of sculptureleft behind a legacy of provocativeobjects — at once sexualized, visceral, humorous,and political — that sit uneasily betweenSurrealism, Nouveau Réalisme, andPop Art. Her tinted polyester-resin castsof her lips and breasts transformed intoquotidian objects like lamps or ashtrays,her spongy polyurethane forms often embeddedwith casts of bellies or live grass,and her construction of resin sculpturesthat incorporate found photographs remainas remarkably biting, visionary, and originaltoday as when they were first made.Munich, The Alte PinakothekTreasures from the DepotUntil 15 January 2012To mark its anniversary year, rarely seenpaintings from the rich holdings in theAlte Pinakothek collection are on show.Unknown masterpieces such as MichielCoxcie's copies of Jan van Eyck's Ghent Al-tarpiece await discovery, as do examplesof early Italian painting such as works bythe Florentine artists Agnolo Gaddi andFra Angelico. Large-format history paintingsfrom the Antwerp school that dateback to the 1530s to the 1570s showthe widespread influence of Mannerism.Dutch architectural pieces, referred to as'perspectives' in the 17 th century, depicta series of imaginary and real buildings.The exhibition is rounded off with worksby various French artists, on a spectrumranging from history painting to portraits,and from the 17 th century to the Rococo.Amsterdam, Huis MarseilleSiebe Swart / Land of Air and WaterUntil 26 February 2012After his Panorama Nederland projectwas published in 2007, Siebe Swartturned his attention to the Netherlands'waterworks. As always, he chose the mostappropriate photographic technique forthis purpose. Over the past few years, hehas been photographing the Netherlands'struggles with rising water from a helicopter.He has documented the reinforcementand streamlining of the country's rivers,the ongoing development of the hugeDelta Works, and the maintenance andmanagement of the Dutch coast. What isoften invisible from the ground is laid barefrom the air: the never-ending battle withwater has left its mark all over the Nether-lands. Old dyke breaches; enclosed riverarms, reopened to accord with the latestwater management insights; newly andpurposefully inundated areas; artificialpeninsulas of sand and rubble; the Dutchlandscape is visibly scarred throughout.London, Design MuseumThis is DesignUntil 22 January 2012This is Design is a celebration of the DesignMuseum's collection; it examines theimpact of design on the modern world,and explores the consequences of designand how it shapes our lives and contemporaryculture. After over five years ofcataloguing, conservation and documentation,some of the collection's highlightshttp://designmuseum.org/collection areonce again on display in the museum. Thecollection contains pieces ranging fromearly items of mass manufacture throughto cutting edge contemporary design,furniture, fashion and ceramics. Usingthemes such as identity, manufacturinginnovations, the digital revolution and lifecycle,the exhibition looks at how designprovides a visual language to help use theobjects around us.

( 33 )Katere kraje ste še obiskali na službenih poteh?Leteli smo v Kairo, od tam v Kenijo, spomnim se, da smo bili nekoč zabožič na Viktorijinem jezeru; nato smo šli še v Nairobi, turisti so šli zateden dni na safari, posadka pa jih je čakala. To je bilo popolnoma drugačnoletenje od današnjega.Veliko ste potovali v eksotične kraje, kako ste skrbeli za svoje zdravje?Na Zavodu za varovanje zdravja so nas redno preskrbeli s koktajlom cepiv,tako da smo bili kar zdravi, samo enkrat mi je uspelo stakniti paratifuseksotične vrste, tako da sem z njim razveselile zdravnike na Infekcijskikliniki, saj sem bila četrti ali peti primer te vrste pri nas. Počutila sem sedobro, vendar sem morala kljub temu odležati na kliniki tri tedne.Kako pa je bilo s cateringom na bolj oddaljenih letališčih?Na nekatere lete smo v začetku tovorili s seboj šunko v konzervah,ogrsko salamo in podobno. S tem smo pripravile obroke na letališčih,kjer ni bilo mogoče naročiti hrane. Nekoč se je v Indiji zgodilo, da je bilacatering služba praktično brez vsega. Potnikom smo servirale majhnabedrca indijskih piščančkov, na srečo smo imele na zalogi tudi pakiranekekse … Znajti se je bilo pač treba.Leta 1968 ste v Južnem Jemnu šolali stevardese.Tam sem bila dva meseca. Letalska družba BASCO je v svoji floti žeimela letala DC 3, s katerimi je letela na notranjih letih. Takrat je družbakupila od SAS-a in Adrie Airways letalo DC 6B, ki je bilo namenjenoletom na dolgih progah. Zato je bilo treba za ta tip letala izšolati tudikabinsko osebje in v celoti poskrbeti za opremo letal (opremo za cateringin potnike). Skupina dvajsetih stevardes in stevardov je bila različnihnarodnosti. Najbolje so se odrezali fantje in študentka iz Etiopije. Moramreči, da so zame tam izredno dobro poskrbeli, le temperature so bileprevisoke – preko 40 stopinj. Si predstavljate, kako je bilo med vajami izevakuacije letala po zasilnem pristanku, ko si v tisti vročini iz potniškekabine sedel na krilo? Kar speklo je, ni kaj, ampak tudi to je bilo treba.Imam lepe spomine. Ob slovesu so učenci kar jokali ...Po Jemnu ste se od letenja poslovili. Ali ste ga pogrešali?Še kar nekaj časa sem spremljala vsako letalo na nebu. Potem pa semse potolažila s tem, da mi ni treba več vstajati sredi noči in na letala sevračam samo še kot potnica z lepimi spomini na svoje delo v uniformi.

{ Adria Passenger }foto: osebni arhivYour career as a stewardess began at JAT, which is also where youtrained in 1958.At that time JAT was advertising for stewardesses. Around 100 candidatesapplied, and six of us were chosen. After a month’s training wewere ready to fly on our own. It seemed like the dream job.What memories do you have of your first flights? You even flew in DC-3s.I was quickly brought back down to earth. The job of a stewardess wasan extremely hard one. When we flew DC-3s on internal flights, we usedto have to get up in the middle of the night and we did five or six takeoffsa day – and the DC-3 didn’t have a pressurised cabin, or air conditioningof course. On the ground the temperature in the cabin could be50 degrees, while at a cruising altitude of 2,000 metres it would be just 20degrees. Since then, I don’t think I have ever had a cold.( 34 )Miša TičarOnce a stewardess,now a passengerText: Adrijana Šelj Photography: Domen PalMiša Tičar was one of the first stewardesses to take wingwith Adria in the early 1960s. She was one of the first totrain as a cabin crew member, as stewardesses and stewardsare officially known today. Although she stopped flying “onduty” a long time ago, she likes to remember the days whenthe aircraft was her second home. Talking to Miša is anenjoyable experience: her cheerfulness is infectious and herview of the world reveals a cosmopolitan spirit.In 1961 the first Slovene airline, Adria Aviopromet, was founded. Youwere among the first to be employed by Adria.When I heard that they were going to set up an airline in Slovenia, Idecided to join it. My colleague Ida Globočnik got the job a month or sobefore me. The first group of stewardesses began training in January. Myfirst flight as an Adria stewardess was on 2 April 1962.A lengthy article about training stewardesses appeared in Tovarišmagazine in the 1960s.The funniest thing about that article was that they called it “Girls inBlue”, but we had green uniforms! The article, which read like a kind ofadvertisement for the job of stewardess, described everything we had todo as part of our stewardess training. Besides more general things likethe basics of catering, first aid and childcare, and a few basic facts aboutgeography and art history for the benefit of tourists, the biggest emphasiswas naturally on equipment and emergency procedures – safety, inother words. Passenger safety is the stewardess’s primary concern.What were the early days of Adria Airways like?In the beginning we were like one big family. Even when setting offwith the crew on a three-week trip, we were like a family. But it was alsohard work. We used to get up in the middle of the night, drive to Zagreb,go to the market to buy food, clean the aircraft, shower and change intoour uniforms. Jakarta, for example, used to be a direct flight, with threetwo-hour stops, but there were just two stewardesses in the cabin. Youhave to have the right character for this job. You have to like people,because even when you are exhausted you still have to be friendly andprofessional.How was the stewardess’s work planned in the early days? How long inadvance did you know when you would be flying?A fortnightly flying schedule has existed since the very beginning,but it would sometimes happen that you would be called for a flightunexpectedly. For long-distance flights you usually knew in advance. Inthose days we used to operate a lot of flights for the German travel agencyGeisler. The passengers were mainly Americans travelling around theworld for the Easter or Christmas holidays. The agency organised eve-

How did you coordinate flying with your home life?It wasn’t easy. Fortunately my family were sufficiently understandingabout my work and somehow we managed to work things out.What other places did you visit as a stewardess?We flew to Cairo, and from there to Kenya. I remember one Christmaswe were at Lake Victoria, and then we went on to Nairobi. The touristsset off for a week’s safari, and the crew waited for them. That was a completelydifferent way of flying from today.You did a lot of travelling to exotic places. How did you look after yourhealth?The Health Insurance Institute kept us supplied with a regular cocktailof vaccinations, so we were pretty healthy. Once, though, I did comedown with an exotic strain of paratyphoid fever. The doctors at theinfectious diseases clinic were happy, because I was only the fourth orfifth case they had seen in the country. I felt fine, but I still had to stayin hospital for three weeks.What about problems with catering at more remote airports?In the early days, for certain flights, we used to load the aircraft withtinned ham, salami, and so on. We used these provisions to preparemeals where it wasn’t possible to order food at the airport. I rememberone time in India when the catering service had practically no suppliesat all. We served the passengers these little drumsticks from tiny Indianchickens, but fortunately we also had a stock of biscuits aboard... Yousimply had to make do.( 35 )In 1968 you trained stewardesses in South Yemen.I was there for two months. The Yemeni airline BASCO already hadDC-3s in its fleet, which it used for internal flights. At that time the companywas in the process of buying a DC-6B from SAS and Adria Airwaysfor long-distance flights, so they also needed to train cabin crew for thataircraft, and provide all the necessary equipment (catering equipment,passenger equipment, and so on). There was a group of 20 stewards andstewardesses of different nationalities. The best ones were the boysand a girl student from Ethiopia. I should say that they looked after meextremely well there, although the temperatures were a bit high for me– over 40 degrees. You can imagine what it was like when it came to practisingevacuations after a forced landing, leaving the passenger cabin inthat heat to sit on the baking-hot wing. We had to do it, though. Happymemories. Our pupils cried when the time came to say goodbye.rything extremely well, and the passengers even had their own doctorwith them. We used to fly from Germany – from Frankfurt – to Baghdad(where, interestingly, the head of the catering service at the airport wasa lady from Slovenia!), Delhi, Agra, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Japan.Those were wonderful years. The crew travelled with the passengers. Weall used to become friends. I remember one time that I had a problemwith my luggage. My beauty case had somehow gone astray. The passengersfelt so sorry for me that they went out and bought me some newcosmetic products. I was so touched that I started crying.After Yemen you bid farewell to flying. Did you miss it?For quite a long time, I would follow every aeroplane I saw in the sky.After that I used to console myself with the fact that I no longer had to getup in the middle of the night. Now when I go aboard an aircraft, it is simplyas a passenger with fond memories of my time in uniform.A

( 36 )Amsterdam

Amsterdam( 37 )VAmsterdamu, mestu brez gričev, kolesarjenje zagotovo še dolgone bo izumrlo. Življenje brez koles si še turisti težko predstavljajo.In kar je najlepše: kolesarji v tem delu Evrope imajo pogosto navoljo tako široke ceste kot drugje avtomobili.Besedilo: David ŠalamunFotografije: Chris de Bode

{ Amsterdam }( 38 )Predvsem pa ima Amsterdam dolgo kolesarsko tradicijo.Ravnine severa so od nekdaj kar same klicale k temu. Pravijo,da je Amsterdam kolesarjem eno izmed najprijaznejših mest.Ima približno štiristo kilometrov kolesarskih stez in skoraj polmilijona koles. Bojda jih tudi veliko izgine. Prijateljica je imela že trikratčast kupiti nazaj svoje kolo. Nekje sem zasledil, da jih vsako leto izginepribližno petdeset do šestdeset tisoč. Nihče ne ve, kam. Ampak zgolj vAmsterdamu je v šestdesetih letih lahko obstajala anarhistična skupinaProvo, ki se je med drugim borila za legalizacijo marihuane in političnokrilo Provosov je naredilo tako imenovane socialne »bele načrte«. In nislučaj, da je bila del teh načrtov uvedba belih koles »Witte fiesten«. Glavnapobudnica projekta – Maria Hendrikus Schimmelpennink – si je za ciljzastavila boj proti prometnemu terorju (razbremenitev javnega prevoza)in zaprtje mestnega jedra za promet. Skupina je predlagala nakup dvajsettisoč koles, ki bi si jih meščani lahko brezplačno izposojali, toda mestoAmsterdam denarja za projekt ni odobrilo. Provosi so sami kupili približnopetdeset koles in jih prebarvali z belo barvo. Zakon je takrat veleval,da so morala biti parkirana kolesa zaklenjena. To je skupina Provo rešilatako, da je kupila ključavnice na številčni sistem in na vsako kolo napisalanjeno številko. Projekt se ni dolgo obnesel. Sledilo je še mnogo podobnihposkusov, pa so zmeraj vsa kolesa pokradli ali jih uničili.Sčasoma se je to spremenilo. Danes si je mogoče sposoditi kolo skorajpovsod, na enem mestu ga vzameš, na drugem pa pustiš. Kakorkoli,projekt gospe Schimmelpennink je bil predhodnik modelov, ki danesobstajajo v mnogih mestih.Spomnim se, kako smo kot mulci hodili ob amsterdamskih kanalih inse veselili, še bolj pa čudili, ko so se stara in mlada dekleta, ki so viselana oknih, spogledovala z nami. Nekoliko nenavadno smo se počutili, kosmo se usedli v kakšno prijetno kavarno, kjer je bilo na meniju poleg pijačVčasih se z enim kolesom sprikolico pelje cela družina.

( 39 )navedenih še nešteto različnih vrst hašiša in trave. Na majhnem menijuje bilo mogoče izbirati travo s skoraj vseh kontinentov. Amsterdam je bilpisan in nenavaden, poln barv in najrazličnejših, a vedno zanimivih ljudi.In to je še danes. Morda pa je tudi to eden od razlogov, da je mesto polnonenavadnih koles in prav tako pisanih stojal. Tudi takih koles, ki jih jemogoče poganjati z rokami, medtem ko noge počivajo. Včasih se z enimkolesom s prikolico pelje cela družina. Tricikli, tandem kolesa, kolesa zdvema sedežema in pokrito streho ..., kolesa vseh možnih odtenkov inoblik. Kolesarji ali kolesa na en ali drug način privlačijo pozornost mimoidočih.In kolesarske steze, ki so ponekod tako široke, da bi še avtobuslahko peljal po njih. Detajli, zaradi katerih si vedno znova presenečen,koliko prostora zavzame kolo v vsakdanjem življenju Amsterdama.Pomislim na Amsterdam, prepreden z neštetimi kanali. Na njegoveraznolike predele, strogo meščanske ali zanemarjene, a privlačne v svojihkontrastih. Pomislim na kolesarje. Množice kolesarjev v nenavadnihoblekah ali čisto običajnih, na zelo posebnih kolesih ali popolnomavsakdanjih. Pred očmi imam slike otrok na kolesih, varnih v svojih sedežihob starših ali v prikolicah. Srečni, ker jim veter piha skozi lase inker lahko nemoteno opazujejo dogajanje mesta. Bolj ko mislim na Amsterdam,bolj si ga želim spet obiskati.{ Amsterdam }

{ Amsterdam }Amsterdam( 40 )Text: David ŠalamunPhotography: Chris de BodeIn Amsterdam, a city with no hills, bicycling will definitelybe around for a long time. Even for tourists, life without bikeswould be hard to imagine. And the best part is, in this part of Europethe cycle lanes are as wide as those for other vehicles.Amsterdam in particular has a long cycling tradition. It’s as if thenorthern plains were simply made for it. Amsterdam has a reputationfor being one of the world’s most bike-friendly cities. It has almost fourhundred kilometres of cycle paths and nearly half a million bikes. Apparently,a lot of them disappear. A girlfriend of mine had the honourof buying her own bike back three times. I heard somewhere that betweenfifty to sixty thousand bikes disappear every year. Nobody knowswhere they go. But only a city like Amsterdam could have produced,in the 1960s, an anarchist group like Provo, which among other thingsfought for the legalisation of marijuana, while its political wing drewup social “White Plans”. Not surprisingly, one of these plans involved“witte fietsen” (white bikes). The main advocate of the project was MariaHendrikus Schimmelpennink, whose mission was to fight against trafficterrorism (i.e. reduce the burden on public transport) and to close thecity centre to traffic. The group planned to purchase twenty thousandbikes, which people would be able to borrow for free. But the City ofAmsterdam did not approve the funds for the project. The Provo membersbought around fifty bikes with their own money and painted themwhite. At that time there was a law that all parked bicycles had to belocked. Provo solved this problem by buying locks with number codesand painting the code on each bike. The project didn’t last long. It wasfollowed by numerous similar attempts, but each time the bikes wereeither stolen or destroyed.Sometimes an entire family willgo by on one bike with a trailer.

( 41 )

( 42 ){ Amsterdam }

( 43 )Over time, though, the situation has changed. Today you can borrowa bike almost anywhere and return it in a different place. In the end, MsSchimmelpennink’s project was the forerunner of the schemes now inplace in many cities.I remember, when we were kids, how we walked along the Amsterdamcanals and how we were delighted and more specifically surprisedat how the old and young ladies in the windows were flirting with us.We felt a little strange sitting down in some pleasant coffee shop, andon the menu besides the usual drinks were countless different types ofhash and pot. From the tiny menu you could order grass from almostevery continent. Amsterdam was vibrant and unusual, full of coloursand extremely diverse but always interesting people. And it still istoday. Perhaps this is also one of the reasons that it is a city full of unusualbikes and just as colourful bike stands. There are even bikes thatyou pedal with your hands while your legs take a breather. Sometimesan entire family will go by on one bike with a trailer. Tricycles, tandems,bicycles with two seats and a canopy... bikes of every possible stripe andshape. In one way or another, the bikes and riders attract the attentionof passers-by. And bike lanes which in some places are so wide that abus could drive on them. Details that keep you constantly amazed athow much space bikes take up in Amsterdam’s everyday life.I’m thinking of Amsterdam, criss-crossed with countless canals. Itsvarious districts, austerely bourgeois or neglected yet attractive in theircontrasts. I’m thinking of cyclists. Crowds of cyclists in unusual clothingor completely ordinary garb, on highly unconventional bikes or totallynormal ones. Before me I have photos of children on bikes, safe in theirseats by their parents or in trailers. Happy with the wind blowing in theirfaces and because they can watch the life of the city undisturbed. Themore I think about Amsterdam, the more I want to go back.AAdria Airways leti na liniji Ljubljana–Amsterdam petkrat tedensko.Adria Airways flies between Ljubljana and Amsterdam five times a week.

Skrivnostigozda( 44 )Secrets of the ForestFotografija: Davorin Tome

( 45 )

{ Skrivnosti gozda }Brez gozdovbi slabo živeli( 46 )Morda se ljudje premalo zavedamo, da jekvaliteta našega življenja zelo odvisnaod gozdov, ne glede na to, kje na Zemljiživimo. Gozdovi poraščajo tretjino Zemljine površinein predstavljajo največji kopenski ekosistem. In čepravveč kot polovica svetovnih gozdov leži v samo petihdržavah, v Rusiji, Braziliji, Kanadi, ZDA in na Kitajskem,je skrb za gozd naloga vsega človeštva. Organizacijazdruženih narodov je zato leto 2011 razglasilaza »mednarodno leto gozdov 2011«. Svetovni gozdovinamreč izginjajo z zaskrbljujočo hitrostjo. Odkar ječlovek pred približno 11.000 leti pričel kmetovati, je izkrčilpribližno 40% prvotnih gozdnih površin. Od tegatri četrtine po industrijski revoluciji, ki je omogočilahitro rast prebivalstva in povzročila vse večje potrebepo hrani in energiji. V desetih letih, med letoma 1990in 2000, je na našem planetu izginilo 94 milijonov hagozda – to je 470-kratna velikost Slovenije.Besedilo: Staša Tome Fotografije: Davorin TomeGozdove pogosto imenujemo »pljuča Zemlje«. Izraz seje uveljavil zaradi pomembne funkcije gozdov pri kroženjuplinov. V tropskem deževnem pragozdu nastane več kot 40%kisika, ki ga na našem planetu proizvedejo rastline. Vendarorganizmi tega ekosistema skoraj enako količino kisika tudi porabijo.Vse pomembnejša je vloga gozda pri odvzemanju ogljikovega dioksida izozračja. Ta plin, ki v velikih količinah nastaja pri izgorevanju fosilnih goriv(nafte, plina, premoga) in lesa, se kopiči v Zemljinem ozračju in povzročaučinek tople grede ter klimatske spremembe. Drevesa in druge rastline gaob fotosintezi črpajo iz ozračja in uporabijo za svojo rast in razvoj. Ogljikse tako kopiči v lesu, listju in opadu, preko prehranjevalnega spleta se vobliki organskih spojin »ujame« tudi v heterotrofnih prebivalcih gozda(živalih, glivah, bakterijah).Obsežni gozdovi imajo pomembno vlogo tudi prikroženju vode na Zemlji. Drevesa in druga gozdnavegetacija delujejo kot nekakšni »živi vodnjaki«:vodo, ki bi sicer ostala ujeta globoko v tleh, črpajo

{ Skrivnosti gozda }( 47 )

{ Skrivnosti gozda }( 48 )proti površini in jo v obliki vodnih hlapov izločajo v ozračje. Črpanje vodeiz podzemnega zbiralnika poteka počasi in enakomerno in tako pomagapreprečevati sezonske poplave in suše. Ob padavinah zadržijo gozdna tlaveliko vode, saj ostanki listja, lesa in humus sestavljajo vpojno plast, kilahko vpije do štirikrat več vode kot travnik in osemnajstkrat več kot gola,neporasla tla. S to zadrževalno sposobnostjo vplivajo gozdovi na stanjevoda daleč naokoli. Delež gozdov in njihova zgradba pomembno vplivatatudi na količino in kakovost pitne vode, saj se ob pronicanju vode skozigozdna tla, ki delujejo kot filter, voda prečisti. Tako gozd zagotavlja čistopitno vodo ljudem in živalim.Gozd preprečuje erozijo. Krošnje dreves blažijo močne nalive in zadržijodežne kaplje, da počasi spolzijo do tal. Podrast, odpadlo listje, drobne vejicein prst z mnogo organskih snovi pomagajo k počasnemu prenikanjuvode v globino. Preplet korenin zadržuje prst, gozdna vegetacija pa omilitudi vpliv vetra. Posegi v gozd, kakršni so steljarjenje, pretirano sekanje,požiganje ali celo goloseki, močno pospešijo erozijo.V pestri združbi različnih biotopov tropskih in borealnih gozdov tergozdov zmernega pasu živi več kot devetdeset odstotkov kopenskih vrstrastlin, živali in mikroorganizmov. Biotska raznolikost je med vsemi kopenskimiekosistemi največja v tropskih gozdovih: čeprav pokrivajo le 7%kopnega, živi v njih več kot polovica vseh doslej znanih vrst na planetu.Strokovnjaki ocenjujejo, da živi na Zemlji od 10 do 30 milijonov različnihvrst, a opisanih in taksonomsko uvrščenih jih je šele približno 1,7 milijona.Večina še neodkritih vrst živi verjetno v tropskem deževnem pragozdu,ki je zelo slabo raziskan. Prav ta pa izginja najhitreje.Gozdovi poraščajo tretjinoZemljine površine in predstavljajonajvečji kopenski ekosistem.Gozdovi so za človeka že od nekdaj tudi dragocen vir naravnih surovin.Zagotavljajo mu les za gradnjo in kurjavo, pa tudi hrano – divjad in raznesadeže. Za preživetje sodobnega človeka je to sicer vedno manj pomembno,zato pa vse več ljudi razvitega sveta išče v gozdu mir, sprostitev inokolje za rekreacijo.V Evropi je čas hitrega izsekovanja gozdov že minil. Kljub hitri urbanizacijizaradi opuščanja kmetovanja in paše na težje dostopnih območjihgozd marsikje ponovno zarašča predele, ki jih je nekoč že poraščal. Tako vSloveniji površina gozda narašča. Vendar pa je intenzivno gospodarjenjez gozdom tudi na tem delu planeta pustilo močan pečat. Danes se vsebolj uveljavlja potreba po trajnostnem gospodarjenju z gozdom. Evropskigozdarji marsikje dajejo prednost naravni obnovi pred umetno in se vsebolj zavedajo, da je za ohranitev gozdov izjemnega pomena tudi njegovaraznolikost.

{ Secrets of the Forest }( 49 )

{ Secrets of the Forest }Our LivesWould Be PoorerWithout ForestsText: Staša TomePhotography: Davorin Tome( 50 )We human beings are perhaps too little aware thatthe quality of our lives depends greatly on forests, regardlessof where we live on the planet. Forests covera third of the Earth’s surface and represent the largestland ecosystem. And although over half of the world’s forests lie in justfive countries – Russia, Brazil, Canada, the USA and China – lookingafter forests is a task for the whole of humanity. That is why the UnitedNations has declared 2011 “International Year of Forests”. The world’sforests are in fact disappearing at an alarming rate. In the roughly 11,000years since human beings discovered agriculture, approximately 40% ofthe world’s originally forested areas have been cleared. Three quarters ofthis deforestation has occurred since the Industrial Revolution, whichled to a rapid growth in population and an ever-increasing demand forfood and energy. Between 1990 and 2000, a period of just 10 years, 94million hectares of forest – an area 470 times the size of Slovenia – disappearedfrom the planet.Forests are often called the “lungs of the Earth”. This expressionderives from the important role played by forests in the circulation ofgases. Over 40% of the oxygen produced on our planet by plants comesfrom tropical rainforests. At the same time, however, the organisms ofthis ecosystem consume an almost identical quantity of oxygen. Therole of forests in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is becomingincreasingly important. This gas, produced in large quantities bythe combustion of fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) and the burning of wood,accumulates in the Earth’s atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effectand climate change. Trees and other plants draw it from the atmosphereduring photosynthesis and use it for their own growth and development.Carbon accumulates in wood, leaves and leaf litter and, via thefood web, is also ‘trapped’ in the form of organic compounds in the heterotrophicinhabitants of the forest (animals, fungi, bacteria).Extensive forests also play an important role in the circulation ofwater on Earth. Trees and other forest vegetation act as a kind of ‘livingwells’, drawing water towards the surface – water which wouldotherwise remain trapped deep in the ground – and releasing it intothe atmosphere in the form of water vapour. Drawing water from undergroundreservoirs is a slow and steady process that helps preventseasonal floods and droughts. During rainfall, the forest floor retainsa large quantity of water, because leaf litter, wood residues and humusform an absorptive layer that can absorb up to four times more waterthan grassland and 18 times more than bare soil. Because of theircapacity to retain water, forests have an impact on the state of watersacross a wide area. The percentage and structure of forest areas also hasa significant influence on the quantity and quality of drinking water,since water is purified as it percolates through the forest floor, whichacts as a filter. In this way, the forest provides clean drinking water forhuman beings and animals.Forests prevent erosion. Treetops mitigate the effect of heavy downpoursand retain raindrops so that they slide slowly down to the ground.Undergrowth, fallen leaves, twigs and soil containing a wealth of organicsubstances help the slow percolation of water underground. The rootsof plants hold the soil together, and forest vegetation also mitigates theeffect of the wind. Interventions in forests such as litter removal, excessivefelling, burning or even clear-cutting greatly accelerate erosion.

( 51 )Forests cover a third of theEarth’s surface and represent thelargest land ecosystem.Over 90% of the world’s land-dwelling species of plants, animals andmicroorganisms live in the different biotopes of tropical and borealforests and the forests of the temperate zone. Biodiversity is greater intropical forests than in any other land ecosystem: although they coverjust 7% of the Earth’s surface, they are home to more than half of all theknown species on the planet. Experts estimate that there are between10 and 30 million different species on Earth, although only around 1.7million of them have been described and classified taxonomically. Themajority of as yet undiscovered species probably live in virgin rainforest,which is still largely unexplored. And yet, this is the forest that isdisappearing most quickly.Forests have long been a valuable source of natural raw materials forhuman beings. They provide wood for building and heating, and alsofood – game and various fruits. This aspect is becoming less importantfor inhabitants of the modern world, but an increasing number ofpeople visit forests for peace, relaxation and recreation.In Europe, the dramatic clearance of forests is a thing of the past. Despiterapid urbanisation, the abandoning of farming and pasturing inremote areas means that in many places forests are reclaiming the areasthat once belonged to them. In Slovenia, the total forested area is increasing.Even so, intensive forestry has also left its mark in this part ofthe world. Today the need for sustainable forest management is increasinglyrecognised. In many parts of Europe, foresters give precedence tonatural renewal over artificial renewal, and awareness is growing thatdiversity is a vitally important aspect of forest preservation. A{ Secrets of the Forest }

{ Skrivnosti gozda }Slovenija, tretjanajbolj gozdnatadežela v Evropi( 52 )Marsikdo, ki prvič prihaja v Slovenijo, že med pogledovanjem skozi letalsko okno postane pozoren nanepregledne gozdove, ki strnjeno pokrivajo velik del njene površine. Zeleno morje dreves prekinjajosamo večji ali manjši otoki obdelanih polj, travnikov, pašnikov, vasic in mest. Popotniku že pogled izzraka jasno pokaže, da je pod njim ena najbolj gozdnatih dežel v Evropi, in mednarodno leto gozdov 2011, ki ga jerazglasila generalna skupščina OZN, je lepa priložnost, da njene gozdove kratko predstavimo.Slovenci smo že od poselitve dalje kar najtesneje povezaniz gozdom. Z njegovim krčenjem so naši predniki pridobivaliobdelovalne površine, iz njega so dobili surovino za graditevbivališč, kmetom je gozd vedno pomenil pomemben vir zaslužkaali rezervo za težke čase, ko ni bilo drugega dohodka, in ne nazadnje,v stoletjih smo razvili izjemen način gospodarjenja z našim gozdom.Za Slovenijo, ki nima veliko drugih naravnih bogastev, gozdovi tudidanes predstavljajo izjemno pomemben obnovljiv naravni vir, obenempa opravljajo številne ekološke, varovalne in socialne funkcije. Slovencismo na svoj gozd ponosni in upravičeno ga imamo za enega od simbolovsvoje dežele.Slovenija je za Finsko, kjer pokriva gozd 73%, in Švedsko, kjer pokriva67% kopne površine, tretja najbolj gozdnata dežela v Evropi. Po podatkihz začetka leta 2011 porašča gozd 59,8% njene površine, v njem je večkot 330 milijonov kubičnih metrov lesa in vsako leto ga priraste še 8milijonov kubičnih metrov. Pri tem je izredno zanimivo dejstvo, da vBesedilo in fotografije: Robert Brusnasprotju z globalnim trendom, kjer izginja z alarmantno hitrostjo večkot 7 milijonov hektarjev gozdov letno, njihova površina v Slovenijivztrajno narašča že več kot 130 let. Leta 1875 je bila gozdnatost 36%, 1947.leta 43%, leta 1970 pa je že presegla 50%. Vzrokov za tako intenzivno zaraščanjenekdaj obdelanih kmetijskih površin je več, med glavnimi paje nedvomno opuščanje kmetijstva v težje dostopnih predelih in izseljevanjeprebivalstva s podeželja. Ob vse večji potrebi po bolj intenzivnipridelavi domače hrane in ponovnem aktiviranju nekdaj opuščenihkmetijskih površin je po svoje razveseljiv podatek, da se je zaraščanjevsaj v zadnjih dveh letih vendarle ustavilo.Danes marsikdo opazi razliko med podobo gozdov tostran in onstranKaravank, vendar le malokdo ve, da sklenjen gozdni pokrov na našistrani ni naključje, pač pa posledica zavestne odločitve o načinu gospodarjenjaz gozdom. Slovenija je namreč že leta 1949 kot prva deželasledila švicarskemu zgledu in se popolnoma odpovedala golosečnemusistemu gospodarjenja. To pomeni, da gozd sekamo samo na zelomajhnih površinah, in še to postopoma. S sonaravnim in večnamenskimgozdarstvom, ki upošteva načela varstva narave in omogoča trajnodelovanje gozda kot ekosistema, si je Slovenija pridobila ugled patudi posnemovalce ne samo v Evropi, ampak tudi drugod po svetu.

{ Skrivnosti gozda }( 53 )

{ Skrivnosti gozda }Tradicija načrtnega gospodarjenja z gozdom na Slovenskem je izrednostara, prvi znani predpis o gozdovih je Ortenburški gozdni red izleta 1406. Načrtno urejanje gozdov na slovenskih tleh se je začelo v idrijskihrudniških gozdovih, saj je bil rudnik živega srebra nenasiten porabniklesa. Za te gozdove so donose lesa prvič uredili že leta 1724, leta1771 so izdelali prvi načrt za Trnovski gozd. Gozdarski strokovnjak JosefRessel, v svetu najbolj znan kot izumitelj ladijskega vijaka, je v začetku19. stoletja izdeloval načrte za gojenje kakovostne hrastovine za gradnjoavstrijskih vojnih ladij in za pogozdovanje golih kamnitih površinna Krasu in v Istri. Prelomna je bila 2. polovica 19. stoletja, ko so začeligozdarji na velikih gozdnih posestih na Kočevskem in NotranjskemMed posebnosti slovenskih gozdovvsekakor lahko štejemo tudi njihovobogato zgodovino.( 54 )uvajati nov način gospodarjenja z gozdom, ki je pomenil povsem svojo,izvirno pot in bistven odmik od tedaj prevladujočega nemškega načinagospodarjenja. Leopold Hufnagl se je že leta 1892 uprl golosečnemu gospodarjenjuin uvedel za kraški svet primernejše in varnejše prebiralnogospodarjenje. Na Kočevskem je zavaroval več pragozdnih ostankov,zaradi česar ga štejemo celo med pionirje slovenskega naravovarstva.Med posebnosti slovenskih gozdov vsekakor lahko štejemo tudi njihovobogato zgodovino. Splošno znano je, da se je med pleistocenskimipoledenitvami podnebje v velikem delu Evrope, tudi v Sloveniji, takoohladilo, da so postale razmere neprimerne za uspevanje številnih rastlinskihvrst, tudi drevesnih. Mnoge so izumrle ali se umaknile in strnjenigozdovi, kakršnih smo vajeni danes, so izginili. Pred 15.000 letije v vsej Sloveniji še prevladovala tundra, v njej so verjetno rasla samoposamezna drevesca rdečega bora, smreke in breze; takšna vegetacijaje prevladovala vse do okrog 10.000 let pred sedanjostjo. Tedaj, v holocenu,se je začelo ozračje segrevati in rastlinstvo se je iz ledenodobnihzatočišč, tako imenovanih refugijev, hitro razraščalo po neposeljenihobmočjih. Najprej so se pojavili mešani hrastovi gozdovi, pred približno8.000 leti se je močno razširila bukev in kmalu še jelka. Izjemnozanimivo je odkritje ledenodobnih zatočišč mnogih drevesnih vrstprav na območju današnje Slovenije. Najlepši primer je bukev. Za območjanjenih ledenodobnih zatočišč so dolgo veljala predvsem gorovjajužnega Balkanskega in južnega Apeninskega polotoka, genetske inpalinološke raziskave zadnjih let in do 80.000 let stari ostanki oglja izpaleolitskih jam pa so nedvoumno pokazali, da so majhne skupine bukvezanesljivo preživele ledeno dobo tudi na nekaj zavarovanih toplihmestih v Sloveniji. Raziskave kažejo, da se je bukev v velik del srednjein zahodne Evrope morda razširila prav iz teh refugijev. Kdo ve, če to nevelja tudi za druge drevesne vrste?

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( 56 ){ Secrets of the Forest }The ThirdMost ForestedCountry in EuropeText and photography: Robert BrusMany people arriving for the first time in Slovenianotice, just looking out of the plane window, the seeminglyimpenetrable forests below, which provide densecover for much of the country. The green sea of trees isbroken only by the larger and smaller islands of cultivated fields, meadows,pastures, villages and towns. The traveller can see clearly from theair how the land below is one of the most forested in Europe, and theInternational Year of Forests 2011, declared by the UN General Assembly,is a fine opportunity to offer a brief presentation of Slovenia’s forests.Ever since settling here, the Slovenians have been very closely tied tothe forests. By cutting into them, our ancestors gained cultivable land,while also acquiring raw materials to construct dwellings. Meanwhile,for peasants the forests always represented an important source of incomeor a fall-back for hard times when there was no other income, andThe rich history of Slovenia’sforests is of course something wecan regard as a special feature.at the same time, over the centuries we developed an exceptional way ofmanaging our forests. For Slovenia, which does not have a lot of othernatural wealth, the forests still represent today an extremely importantrenewable natural resource, while also performing numerous ecological,protective and social functions. We Slovenians are proud of our forestsand regard them understandably as one of the symbols of our land.After Finland, where forests cover 73%, and Sweden, where they cover67% of the land area, Slovenia is the third most forested country inEurope. According to data from the beginning of 2011, forests grow on59.8% of the country’s surface, and contain more than 330 million cubicmetres of timber, with additional growth of 8 million cubic metres eachyear. One very noteworthy fact here is that, contrary to global trends,where forests are disappearing at an alarming rate of more than 7 millionhectares a year, the surface area of forests in Slovenia has been expandingconsistently for more than 130 years. In 1875 the level of forestationwas 36%, in 1947 it was 43% and by 1970 it was already over 50%. There areseveral reasons for such intensive forest growth on once cultivated farmland,with two of the main reasons undoubtedly being the abandoningof farming in less accessible areas and the migration of people from thecountryside. With the increasing need for more intensive production ofdomestic food, and the renewed activation of once abandoned farmland,it is in its own way encouraging to note that the process of land beingovergrown has finally been halted, at least in the last two years.Today many people notice the difference between the look of the forestson this side and on the other side of the Karavanke mountain range,but few know that the contiguous forest cover on the Slovenian side isno coincidence, and in fact the result of a conscious decision about howto manage the forests. Back in 1949, Slovenia was the first to follow theSwiss example and completely abandon clear-cutting as a system ofmanagement. This means that we only fell forests in very small areas,and even this is done gradually. Through close-to-nature and multi-purposeforestry, which observes the principle of nature protection and allowsthe sustainable functioning of the forest as an ecosystem, Sloveniahas earned itself distinction, along with imitators, not just in Europe butalso elsewhere in the world.The tradition of methodical forest management in Slovenia is extremelyold, and the oldest known regulation governing forests is theOrtenburg Forest Ordinance of 1406. The concerted management of forestsin the Slovenian lands began in the forests around the Idrija mine,since mercury mining involved an insatiable need for timber. Yields ofwood from these forests were first regulated in 1724, and in 1771 the firstplan was drawn up for the forest of Trnovski gozd. At the beginning ofthe 19th century the forestry expert Josef Ressel, best known around theworld as the inventor of the ship’s screw propeller, formulated plansfor growing high-quality oak for the construction of Austrian naval vessels,and for the afforestation of bare rocky areas in the Karst and Istria.The second half of the 19th century marked a turning point, as forestersstarted implementing a new method of forest management on large forestedestates in the regions of Kočevje and Notranjska. This method involveda unique and original approach, as well as a significant departurefrom the then prevalent German system of management. As far backas 1892, Leopold Hufnagl opposed the clear-cutting approach and introducedselective management, which was more suitable and safer for theKarst terrain. In the Kočevje area he secured the protection of severalremnants of virgin forest, for which reason we actually rank him amongthe pioneers of Slovenian nature protection.The rich history of Slovenia’s forests is of course something we canregard as a special feature. It is generally known that during the PleistoceneIce Age, the climate in a major part of Europe, including Slovenia,cooled down to such an extent that conditions became no longer viablefor numerous plant and tree species. Many died out or retreated, and thedense forests we are used to now, disappeared. Slovenia was still coveredin tundra 15,000 years ago, and probably the only trees growing were the

( 57 )odd little red pine, spruce and birch. This kind of vegetation predominatedright up until around 10,000 years before the present day. At thattime, during the Holocene, the climate started warming, and plant liferapidly emerged from its Ice Age refuges and spread over the sparselycovered areas. First to appear were mixed oak forests, and around 8,000years ago there was a major expansion of beech, followed closely by firtrees. There have been some fascinating finds of Ice Age refuges of numeroustree species right in the territory of present-day Slovenia. Themost outstanding example is the beech. For a long time the mountainranges of the southern Balkans and southern Apennine peninsula wereregarded as the zones of its Ice Age refuge, while genetic and palynologicalresearch of recent years, along with remnants of charcoal up to 80,000years old from Palaeolithic caves, have shown beyond a doubt that smallgroups of beech trees certainly survived the Ice Age in certain protectedwarm spots in Slovenia. Research indicates that beeches perhaps spreadto a large part of central and western Europe from these very refuges. Andwho knows, this might be true of other tree species, too. A{ Secrets of the Forest }

{ Skrivnosti gozda }Razkošjedrevesnih vrst( 58 )Za Slovenijo radi poudarjamo, da spada med biološkonajbolj pestra območja Evrope. K temubrez dvoma odločilno prispeva njeno močnoraznoliko rastlinstvo. Njegovo bogastvo je po eni straniposledica razgibanega reliefa ter pestrih geoloških invremenskih razmer, po drugi strani pa posledica dejstva,da se na območju Slovenije srečujejo, prepletajo in mešajorastlinske vrste iz kar štirih velikih geografskih enot:iz alpskega, sredozemskega, dinarskega in panonskegasveta. Zato raste v slovenskih gozdovih veliko številorazličnih drevesnih vrst.Besedilo in fotografije: Robert BrusSlovenski gozdovi veljajo za dobro ohranjene. Goratostdežele, slaba prehodnost kraškega sveta, velik delež težko dostopnihgozdov in seveda skrbno gospodarjenje so pripomogli ktemu, da so slovenski gozdovi danes bistveno manj spremenjenikot v večini dežel srednje Evrope. O tem priča tudi podatek, da imamov Sloveniji strogo zavarovanih več kot 170 gozdnih rezervatov s skupnopovršino 9.600 hektarjev; med njimi je več pragozdnih ostankov. Vgozdovih, s katerimi gospodarimo, je današnje razmerje med iglavci inlistavci 46% : 54%; v njih rastejo skoraj samo avtohtone drevesne vrste.Tujih vrst, kot so duglazija, robinija, zeleni bor ali rdeči hrast, smo v preteklostisadili zelo malo, do danes pa smo njihovo sajenje skoraj povsemopustili. Marsikdo se vpraša, zakaj. Odgovor je preprost: za to ni pravepotrebe, pravo obilje drevesnih vrst imamo že doma.V slovenskih gozdovih avtohtono uspeva vključno z grmi in polgrminekaj več kot 300 lesnatih rastlin. Domačih drevesnih vrst je kar 70, mednjimi je 10 iglavcev in 60 listavcev. Za tako majhno območje, kot ga zavzemaSlovenija, je takšna vrstna pestrost izjemna. V vsej severni Evropi,po površini seveda neprimerljivo večji od Slovenije, bi skupaj komajnašteli 20 drevesnih vrst. Pestrost, podobno slovenski, dosega le nekajobmočij v Evropi, na primer Balkanski in Apeninski polotok.Po podatkih Zavoda za gozdove Slovenije so bile v letu 2010 naše najpogostejšedrevesne vrste (računano po deležu v skupni lesni zalogi):bukev (31,8%), smreka (31,5%), jelka (7,6%), hrasti (skupaj 7%), bori (skupaj5,9%) in plemeniti listavci (skupaj 4,9%). V nadaljevanju bomo nakratko predstavili nekatere med njimi.Bukev je brez dvoma najbolj značilna drevesna vrsta slovenskih gozdov,radi ji rečemo kar »mati gozda«. Pred naselitvijo je predstavljalakrepko čez polovico lesne zaloge naših gozdov. Najbolje uspeva na globokihtleh in zelo dobro celo v senci. Razširjena je v večjem delu Evrope,v Sloveniji raste praktično povsod, od nižin do zgornje gozdne meje.To je do 40 m visoko listopadno drevo z gladko sivo skorjo; zlahka joprepoznamo po ostro zašiljenih brstih, eliptičnih listih in značilnih plodovih,t. i. žiru. Ima trd, težek in elastičen les z veliko ogrevalno močjo,uporaben za izdelavo pohištva, parketa in drugih izdelkov.

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{ Skrivnosti gozda }( 60 )Smreka je drevo, katerega delež se je v zadnjih 200 letih v Slovenijinajbolj povečal. Kot značilna borealno-alpska vrsta potrebuje le malo toplotein prenese nizke temperature. V Sloveniji so jo iz prvotnih hladnihgorskih rastišč močno razširili v sredogorje in gričevje, včasih celo v nižine.Smreka je vednozeleno, do 50 m visoko drevo s plitvimi koreninamiin ravnim deblom z rdečkasto skorjo. Njen les je mehek in elastičen,uporabljamo ga v gradbeništvu, pohištveni in papirni industriji ter za izdelavoglasbil. Resonančna smrekovina z Jelovice in Pokljuke je surovinaza izdelavo najboljših violin.Jelko bi zaradi mogočne in elegantne rasti lahko razglasili za kraljiconaših gozdov. Značilna gorska vrsta v Sloveniji gradi v dinarskem in predalpskemsvetu najlepše in najmogočnejše gozdove, največkrat skupajz bukvijo. Sušenje jelke, ki je bilo najbolj pereče pred nekaj desetletji, jena srečo mimo in njena vitalnost se je precej popravila. Dosega izjemnemere in pogosto preseže 50 m višine. Prepoznavna je po gladki sivi skorji,ploščatih iglicah z belima progama in pokončnih storžih. Njen les jemehek, elastičen, lahek in široko uporaben.Hrast je med našimi najbogatejšimi drevesnimi rodovi, saj vsebujekar šest vrst. Najpogostejši je po gričevjih razširjeni graden, najbolj znan,a precej redkejši je bolj nižinski dob, po svetu znan tudi kot slavonskihrast. Na toplejših sredozemskih območjih pa rastejo še puhasti hrast,cer, oplutnik in vednozelena črnika.Bori so skromna drevesa in pogosto naselijo najbolj revna ali izčrpanarastišča. Rdeči bor, prepoznamo ga po rdečkasti skorji in sivkastih iglicah,je najpogostejši po rečnih naplavinah po vsej Sloveniji. V naravnihzdružbah je redek, saj raste le po težko dostopnih apnenčastih pečevjih;na Krasu, kjer ga je danes največ, pa je umetno vnesen in nasajen.Rušje gradi goste in težko prehodne sestoje v visokogorju in opravljapredvsem pomembno varovalno vlogo.Plemeniti listavci so drevesa s posebno kakovostnim in visoko vrednimlesom, zato se v njihovo gojenje in nego splača vložiti veliko dela.Med najbolj znanimi so gorski javor, oreh, veliki jesen, divja češnja, lipa,gorski brest, skorš in brek. Njihov delež v slovenskih gozdovih v zadnjihdesetletjih vztrajno narašča.Za konec omenjamo še izjemno drevesno dediščino slovenskih gozdov.Najvišje slovensko drevo je kar 62 m visoka Sgermova smreka. Pohorskavelikanka ni le daleč najvišje slovensko, ampak tudi eno najvišjihevropskih dreves. Izjemne višine dosega tudi bukev; 46 m visoka bukevpri Dvoru nad Krko je sploh eno najvišjih tovrstnih dreves, kar so jih kdajizmerili v Evropi. Najdebelejše drevo pri nas je Najevska lipa (pravzapravlipovec) nad Črno na Koroškem; obseg njenega debla v prsni višini jekar 1080 cm. Seveda pa je Najevska lipa več kot samo naše najdebelejšedrevo. Je tudi pomemben simbol, v senci katerega vsako leto od osamosvojitvenaprej poteka srečanje slovenskih državnikov.

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{ Secrets of the Forest }A Wealthof Tree SpeciesText and photography: Robert Brus( 62 )We often like to make the point about Sloveniathat it is one of the most biologically diverse areasof Europe. A definite contributing factor here is thecountry’s highly diverse plant life. Its wealth is on theone hand a result of the varied elevation and the diversity of both geologyand weather conditions, and on the other hand a result of the factthat Slovenia is a meeting, mingling and mixing zone for plant speciesfrom four major geographic units – the Alpine, Mediterranean, Dinaricand Pannonian areas. This also means that there is a great variety of treespecies growing in Slovenia’s forests.Slovenian forests are regarded as well-preserved. The mountainousterrain, the difficulty of traversing the karstic areas, the high proportionof fairly inaccessible forests and of course careful management have allcontributed to Slovenia’s forests today being much less changed than inmost other central European countries. This can also be seen in the factthat the country has a strict protection regime in place for more than 170forest reserves, covering a total area of 9,600 hectares and including severalremnants of virgin forest. In the forests we manage, the current ratioof conifers to deciduous trees is 46% : 54%, and they comprise almostexclusively native tree species. Exotic species such as Douglas fir, blacklocust, eastern white pine or red oak were planted very rarely here, andnow their planting has been almost entirely abandoned. Many peopleare asking, why? The answer is easy: there is no real need for them, andwe already have a veritable abundance of tree species here in Slovenia.The country’s forests – and this includes bush and shrub thickets – offerterrain for a little over 300 woody plant species to thrive. There are afull 70 domestic tree species, comprising 10 conifers and 60 deciduous.For such a small area as Slovenia’s territory, this diversity of species isexceptional. In the whole of northern Europe, which of course is incomparablybigger than Slovenia’s area, it would be hard to count a total of 20tree species. Few areas in Europe – for instance the Balkan and Apenninepeninsulas – can claim the kind of diversity you can find in Slovenia.According to Slovenian Forest Service data for 2010, the country’s mostcommon tree species are (calculated by their proportion of the entiregrowing stock) beech (31.8%), spruce (31.5%), fir (7.6%), oaks (total 7%),pines (total 5.9%) and noble hardwoods (total 4.9%). Some of these speciesare presented briefly below.Beech is without doubt the most typical tree species in Slovenia’s forests,and we even like to call it the mother of the forest. Before the colonisationof other species, it represented well over half the growing stockof Slovenia’s forests. It thrives best in deep soil, and does very well evenin the shade. It is spread over the major portion of Europe, and in Sloveniait grows practically everywhere, from the lowlands to the upper treeline. It is a deciduous tree that grows up to 40 m high, with smooth greybark, and can easily be recognised by its sharply pointed buds, ellipticalleaves and characteristic fruit of beech nuts. It has hard, heavy and elasticwood with great heating capacity, and it is suitable for making furniture,parquet and other products.Spruce is a tree whose share in Slovenia has increased most over thelast 200 years. A typical boreal-Alpine species, it requires little warmthand can withstand low temperatures. In Slovenia it has expanded dramaticallyfrom its original cold mountain areas to the lower slopes and hills,and sometimes even to the lowlands. Spruce is an evergreen tree that cangrow to 50 m, with shallow roots and a straight, reddish-barked trunk. Itswood is soft and elastic, and is used in construction, furniture and papermaking,as well as for making musical instruments. The resonant sprucewood of Jelovica and Pokljuka is the raw material for the finest violins.Given its imposing and elegant growth, the fir could be pronouncedthe queen of our forests. This typical mountain species makes up Slov-

( 63 )enia’s most beautiful and majestic forests, usually in a combination withbeech, in the Dinaric and sub-Alpine areas. The dying of fir trees, whichwas at its most acute a few decades ago, is fortunately a thing of the past,and their vitality has considerably improved. These trees attain exceptionaldimensions, and often exceed 50 m in height. It is recognised byits smooth grey bark, flat needles with white strips and upright cones. Itswood is soft, elastic, light and widely used.Oak is one of Slovenia’s richest tree genera, with a full complementof six different species. The most widespread variety is the sessile oak,which grows on low hills, while the best known, but much rarer tree isthe more lowland dob, known around the world as the Slavonian oak. Inthe warmer Mediterranean areas you can also find the downy oak, turkeyoak, Lucombe oak and Holm oak.Pines are humble trees and often colonise the poorest and most exhaustedgrowing areas. The Scots pine can be identified by its reddishbark and greyish needles, and is most widespread along alluvial groundthroughout Slovenia. The black pine is rare in natural communities,since it grows only in fairly inaccessible, rocky limestone terrain, whilein the Karst, where it is most abundant today, it has been brought in andplanted artificially.Dwarf pines make up dense and impassable stands in the high mountains,and perform primarily an important protective function.Noble hardwoods are trees with especially high-quality and high-valuewood, so it pays to invest a lot of work in their cultivation and care. Themost attractive of them are the sycamore maple, walnut, European ash,wild cherry, linden, Wych elm, service tree and wild service tree. Their shareof Slovenia’s forests has been consistently growing in recent decades.Finally we should mention the exceptional arboreal heritage of Slovenia’sforests. The highest tree in Slovenia is the 62-metre-tall Sgermspruce. This giant of the Pohorje range is not just by far the tallest treein Slovenia, but also one of the tallest in Europe. Beech trees can also attainexceptional heights; the 46 m beech at Dvor nad Krko is easily oneof the tallest trees of the species to have ever been measured in Europe.The thickest tree in Slovenia is the Najevska linden (actually a littleleaflinden) growing up above Črna na Koroškem; at breast height the circumferenceof the trunk measures a full 1,080 cm. But the Najevska linden isof course more than just our thickest tree. It is also an important symbol,and every year since independence it has provided shade for a meeting ofSlovenia’s national leaders. A{ Secrets of the Forest }

{ Skrivnosti gozda }Mala uharica( 64 )Običajni smrtniki smo imeli včasih kar pogosto priložnost videti malo uharico. Sicer ni bila nič kajposkočna, še manj pa živa. Zato pa si jo je bilo mogoče dodobra in od blizu ogledati: v danes ne večmodnih lovskih sobah, ki so bile nekdaj v podeželskih gostilnah precej običajna stvar, je bila medvsakovrstnimi trofejami in nagačenimi ptiči mala uharica precej vsakdanja. Odkar so v gostilnah lovske sobe vsevečja posebnost, jo lahko le še redko vidimo. Morda v živalskem vrtu ali kakšnem muzeju, sicer pa ljudem neslišnanočna plenilka ne zaide prav pogosto pred oči. Pravzaprav se, če smo natančnejši, pred nami včasih le znajde, le daje tako srečanje zelo bežno. Morda jo za kratek hip zagledamo med nočnim sprehodom, ne da bi, če nismo ravnodobri poznavalci ptičev, sploh vedeli, da gre prav za to od skupno devetih vrst sov, kolikor jih gnezdi pri nas. Včasihpa jo je mogoče bežno videti tudi podnevi, in to od blizu, saj se zanaša na to, da jo je težko opaziti, zato pusti negibnočepeča na veji človeka zelo blizu; odleti šele, ko je že v njeni neposredni bližini ali če jo pogleda v oči.Za razliko od nekaterih drugih predstavnikov sovježlahte mala uharica nikoli ne lovi podnevi. »Le ko so mladičiže veliki in potrebujejo veliko hrane, gre na lov tudi v mraku,«pravi dr. Davorin Tome z Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijov Ljubljani, ki je preučevanju male uharice posvetil dve desetletji.»Med dvorjenjem samec prinaša samici hrano, ji razkazuje mestaza gnezdenje in se tudi šopiri, a pri tem 'ušesa' nimajo nobene vloge,«odgovarja na vprašanje, ali imajo 'ušesa' kakšen pomen v ljubezenskemživljenju sove. 'Ušesa' na sovji glavi, ki so botrovala njenemu imenu(podobno kot tudi pri njeni večji sorodnici veliki uharici), so le pernatičopki z varovalno vlogo. Mala uharica navadno prebije dan (predanjuje,kot pravijo ornitologi) spotegnjeno čepeča na drevesni veji, pri čemerjo čopki z navpičnimi temnejšimi črtami na videz 'podaljšajo' in takoprispevajo k njeni neopaznosti.Mala uharica ni prav velika ptica. Samica, ki je podobno kot še pridrugih vrstah sov večja od samca, je dolga do približno 40 centimetrovin le izjemoma težja od 300 gramov. Vendar pa ima zelo velik razponperuti; ta lahko znaša celo en meter. Na stegnjenih perutih ponoči tihodrsi nizko nad tlemi, oprezujoč za plenom, predvsem za voluharicamiBesedilo: Marjan Žiberna Fotografije: Matej Vraničin mišmi. Pri tem ji prideta prav tako odličen vid kot izjemno razvitsluh. Slednji je močno povezan s pernato 'masko', ki obroblja sovji'obraz' – le-ta namreč okrepi zvoke iz okolice. Podobno kot še nekateredruge vrste sov ima mala uharica tudi izjemno sposobnost določiti,od kod natančno prihaja zvok. Pri tem ji pomaga položaj njenih pravihušes, odprtin ob straneh glave, ki se ne nahajata v isti višini – ena jemalce nižje od druge. Tako s tal prihajajoče mišje cviljenje doseže najprejsovino spodnje uho in ji pove, da je na dobri poti do hrane. Bodočasovja malica je v precej slabem položaju – sova namreč zaradi oblikeperes, peruti in načina leta leti izredno tiho, tako rekoč neslišno. Polegtega ima izjemno močne kremplje, v katerih borno mišje življenje v trenutkuugasne. Od miši ostane čez dan ali dva le še izbljuvek. Sova namrečplen pogoltne v enem samem zalogaju, s kostmi in z dlako vred,neprebavljene ostanke pa kasneje izbljuva.S hrano je zelo povezano njeno razmnoževanje. Če je dovolj hrane,gnezdi že februarja; samica se hitro zredi in zaradi s tem povezane zvišaneaktivnosti hormonov začnejo v njenem telesu nastajati jajca.»A če pride zatem do pomanjkanja hrane, na primer zaradi novegasnega, ki ji oteži lov, lahko sovje telo nastajajoča jajca razgradi, včasihpa sova celo zapusti že izležena jajca. Kasneje namreč lahko poskušagnezditi še enkrat,« pravi dr. Tome.Mala uharica se z gradnjo gnezda ne ukvarja, običajno zasede starognezdo srake, vrane ali kakšne podobno velike ptice. Če začne gnezditi

{ Skrivnosti gozda }( 65 )

{ Skrivnosti gozda }že pozimi, si zaradi varnosti poišče gnezdo na zimzelenih iglavcih.Jajca vali samica, v tem času pa za njeno hrano skrbi samec. A tudi ko semladiči izležejo, samec ne more na počitnice. Za majhne male uharicenamreč skrbita oba starša.Največja posebnost male uharice je predanjevanje – pozimi pogostotiho zamišljena v kdove kakšne sovje misli prebije dan v družbi pripadnicsvoje vrste, česar med drugimi sovami ni zaslediti. Največ sov naenem drevesu, okrog 200, so pri nas opazili v 70. letih minulega stoletjapri Veržeju.»Tudi drugod v panonskem svetu in v Padski nižini so opazili velikosov na enem drevesu,« pravi dr. Tome. »Zakaj se jih tam, drugače kot vosrednji Sloveniji, zbere toliko, težko z gotovostjo rečem. Morda jih jena drevesih sredi ravnic le laže opaziti.« Včasih se sove na enem drevesu,preden ga zamenjajo za drugega, zbirajo več let zapored.Največja posebnost male uhariceje predanjevanje.( 66 )Mala uharica, ki ima rada manjše gozdičke, na lov pa se odpravlja naodprte travnike, ne spada med redke in ogrožene vrste. Na srečo je tudičlovek več ne ogroža, saj že kar dolgo spada med zakonsko zavarovaneživali, na katere je lov prepovedan. Pozimi se zaradi hrane včasih celopribliža človeškim bivališčem. Topli hlevi in polne shrambe so tedajpogosto zatočišče za poljske miši, v bližini bivališč pa se zaradi toplotetudi hitreje stali sneg, kar ji olajšuje lov. Ljudje danes obnemoglim ali vprometu in še kako drugače poškodovanim sovam celo rešujejo življenja;v azilu za divje živali na Muti, kamor jih lahko prinesejo, zanje strokovnoposkrbijo. Tu se imajo z njimi včasih priložnost seznaniti tudinajmlajši, ki so nad očarljivimi, debelookimi pticami običajno navdušeni.Kar je seveda lahko samo dobro, tako za malčke kot tudi za sove.

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{ Secrets of the Forest }( 68 )The LongearedOwlText: Marjan ŽibernaPhotography: Matej VraničAt one time, we common mortals had ample opportunityto see the long-eared owl. They were not exactly lively, letalone alive, and for that reason we could actually get a goodlook from close up – in what are today the no longer fashionablehunting rooms, which in earlier times were quite commonplacein rural inns, and where the long-eared owl was very commonly amongthe various trophies and stuffed birds. Ever since those hunting roomsstarted becoming more of a rarity, we have seen it less often. Perhapsin a zoo or some museum, otherwise people do not very often catch aglimpse of this silent nocturnal raptor. Or to put it more accurately, wedo actually encounter it sometimes, but such encounters are very fleeting.You might spy it briefly on a night walk, without even knowing – ifyou’re not exactly an ornithologist – that you have seen precisely thisone, out of a total of nine owl species that nest in Slovenia. Sometimesyou can also catch a fleeting, even close-up, glimpse in the daytime,since it relies on being hard to notice, so it will remain immobile,perched on a branch very close to humans; it only flies off when youcome very close up to it or look it in the eye.In contrast to certain other of its relatives, the long-eared owl neverhunts by day. “It’s only when the young have become big and they needa lot of food that they also hunt at dusk,” says Dr. Davorin Tome of theNational Institute of Biology in Ljubljana. He has devoted two decadesto studying the long-eared owl.“During courtship, the male brings food to the female, shows hernesting places and also struts around, but in all this the ‘ears’ play nopart,” he replies in answer to the question whether the “ears” have somesignificance in the owl’s love-life. The “ears” on its head, which haveprompted its name, are simply feather tufts with a protective function(as with their larger cousin the Eurasian Eagle-Owl). The long-eared owlspends the day stretched upright at its roost on a tree branch, and itstufts, with their darker vertical lines, seem to “extend” and thereby contributeto its camouflage.The long-eared owl is not a very big bird. The female, which like otherspecies of owl, is bigger than the male, grows up to around 40 cm, andonly exceptionally weighs more than 300 grams. But it has a very largewingspan, which can reach up to one metre. By night it glides on fullyextended wings low over the ground, preying chiefly on voles and mice.Here it has the advantage of excellent vision and extremely well-developedhearing. Its hearing is closely connected to the feathery “mask”that borders its “face”; this amplifies the sounds from the surroundingarea. And like some other species of owl, the long-eared owl also has anThe main distinguishing featureof the long-eared owl is itsdaytime roosting.

( 69 )outstanding capacity to pinpoint the exact location of the sound. It ishelped here by the positioning of its real ears, openings on the side ofthe head that are not situated at the same height, with one being slightlylower than the other. In this way, the squeaking of a mouse on theground first reaches the owl’s lower ear and indicates that it is on theright track for a meal. The impending owl snack is in a distinctly precarioussituation – the shape of the feathers and wings and its style of flyingmean that the owl flies very quietly, pretty much inaudibly. Furthermore,it has enormously strong talons, in which the mouse’s paltry lifeends in an instant. In a day or two, the only trace of the mouse will bewhat is regurgitated. Indeed the owl swallows its prey whole, completewith bones and fur, and the undigested parts are later regurgitated.The owl’s reproduction is very closely tied to food. If there is sufficientfood, it nests as early as February; the female quickly fattens up, and theassociated increase in hormonal activity spurs her production of eggs.“But if there is then a lack of food, for instance because of new snowfall,which hinders hunting, its body can break down the forming eggs,and sometimes the owl will even abandon eggs it has already laid. Lateron it can try to nest once again,” says Dr. Tome.The long-eared owl does not bother making a nest, since it usuallyoccupies the old nests of magpies, crows or other similar large birds. If itstarts nesting in winter, for safety it will seek out a nest in an evergreenconifer. The female incubates the eggs, during which time the male providesher food. But even when the young are hatched, the male is not offthe hook. Both parents take care of young long-eared owls.The main distinguishing feature of the long-eared owl is its daytimeroosting – in winter it frequently spends the day, lost in whatever silentthoughts it has, in the company of others of its species, something thatis not observed among other owls. The most owls on a single tree –around 200 – were observed in the 1970s in Slovenia near Veržej.“Elsewhere in the Pannonian area and in the Po Valley, many owlshave been observed on a single tree,” says Dr. Tome. “Why so manygather together there, and not in central Slovenia, is hard to say withany certainty. Perhaps it is just easier to spot them on trees in the middleof the plains.” Sometimes owls gather together on one tree for severalyears in a row before exchanging it for another.The long-eared owl, which prefers small patches of woodland and huntsover open meadows, is not a rare or endangered species. Nor is it, thankfully,threatened any more by humans, since it has long been a legallyprotected species that may not be hunted. In winter, it will occasionallyeven approach human dwellings in search of food. At that time, warmbarns and full store houses are a common refuge for field mice, and closeto dwellings the warmth means that snow melts more rapidly, aiding theirhunt. Today people are even saving the lives of owls that have been incapacitatedor injured by cars or in some other way; expert care is providedfor them in the animal shelter at Muta, where they can be taken. The shelteralso offers a chance for young children to visit the owls, and they areusually thrilled to see these enchanting, big-eyed birds. And this of coursecan only be a good thing, both for the kids and for the owls.A{ Secrets of the Forest }

{ Skrivnosti gozda }StoliJaneza Suhadolca( 70 )Najprej je bil gozd … Nato je bil les… Nato je bilstol… Nato je (bil) Janez Suhadolc. Po mnenjuslednjega so drevesa najimenitnejši predstavnikibotaničnega sveta. Les, lesna tvarina in leseni izdelki so posmrtniostanki nekdanjih živih bitij. Kdor ima rad drevesa inles, izkazuje ljubezen do živega in preminulega hkrati.Besedilo: Sandra Jazbec Fotografije: Dragan ArriglerŠirokogrudno naštevanje izdelkov arhitekta JanezaSuhadolca (začenši z letom 1987, v katerem korenini »tišlerskazgodba«) bi se ustavilo okrog številke 250, mogoče celo več – natančnoštevilo je težko določiti, saj je razlika med novim modelomin inačicami precej nejasna. Poleg stolov so v njegov izdelovalskirepertoar zapisani tudi: gugalnik, pručka, miza, šahovska garnitura,postelja, omara, knjižne police, zibelka, notno stojalo, stojalo za cvetje,oltarna miza, kelih, nagrobnik, tempietto, ptičja krmilnica, klečalnik,dekanska in županska veriga in še kaj. Najbolj ceni orehov, češnjev injavorjev les. Je pa naredil že marsikaj tudi iz drugih slovenskih vrst lesa.Tujih ne uporablja.Morda ali pa predvsem zaradi ljubezni do »Plečnikovih časov« (vkontekstu svojih navdihov in ustvarjanja načelno poudarja genialnoosebnost Jožeta Plečnika) izžarevajo njegova dela brezpogojno lojalnoslovensko kulturno tradicijo; pomislimo le na zibelko, ob kateri se nemoremo izogniti aluziji na slovenski kozolec. Skratka, gre za umetnika,ki skuša ustvarjati v razpoznavno narodnem slogu.Ob boku dolgoletne predanosti tradiciji zaznamujejo srčiko njegovihdel tudi etika, erotika in estetika, kar izpostavlja Jaroslav Skrušny v prviizmed trojice knjig Stoli (1997). Tem močnim pojmom bi pritaknili šeedinstvenost, minimalizem, klasično eleganco, poetičnost, funkcionalnostin močan simbolni naboj.Ameriški oblikovalec George Nelson je nekoč predvidel, da bo sodobnistol na seznamu, ko bo potomstvo izbiralo najbolj tipične predmete zazahodno kulturo prve polovice dvajsetega stoletja. Hugh Aldersey–Williamszgodbo nadgradi, rekoč, da stol ni na seznamu le za prvo polovicotega stoletja, temveč pravzaprav za katerokoli obdobje znotraj njega inprav gotovo za zadnjih nekaj desetletij. Zakaj prav stol? Skladatelji so siedini, da prvovrstno sredstvo samoizrazitve ni simfonija, kot bi si kdomislil, ker je pač najdaljša in najglasnejša. Pač pa je to godalni kvartet.Kakor za glasbo, tako za oblikovanje. Dati obliko avtomobilu ali vlaku,pomeni uigrano delo mnogih igralcev. To so oblikovalske simfonije.Stol pa je dosti bolj osebna stvar, izdelek zasebne introspekcije. Stol nisimfonija, je godalni kvartet. In kot godalni kvartet je tudi stol navadnonamenjen doživljanju znotraj domačega okolja, je tako rekoč sobno delo.

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{ Skrivnosti gozda }( 72 )Če je taka analogija za koga nepričakovana, potem je to žalosten odsevdejstva, da se glasba in oblikovanje le redko vzajemno navdihujeta.Žal, saj bi se lahko oblikovalci marsičesa naučili iz izkušenj nacionalnousmerjenih skladateljev. Najboljše pri tem je, da se ni treba omejevati lena lastno nacijo: Debussyjeva Iberia in Mendelssohnova Škotska sta naprimer znatna tovrstna glasbena primera. Oblikovalci si le redko prisvojijopodobno svobodnost; mogoče se bojijo, da bi zapadli kiču.Sama v svobodnem milozvočju »godalnega kvarteta« Suhadolčevih»Stolov« slišim Vivaldijeve Letne čase – vse štiri ... Ali drugače povedano:Janez Suhadolc ima svojo umetniško muzo. Ime ji je Narava. Pa netista grandiozna, neskončna in mogočna. Njegova Narava je narava tankočutnihnians, ki so človeškim očem povečini skrite – čuti jo v tihemmelanholičnem plesu snežink pozimi, sončnem žarku, ki se v lenempoletnem večeru nerad poslavlja od svojega zlatega odseva na vodi,nagajivem igranju češnjevih cvetov v vetru pravkar rojene pomladi instarem hrastu, ki pozno jeseni ovit v meglice sramežljivo skriva svojopusto krošnjo. Janez Suhadolc potrjuje pravilo, da se velike stvari rojevajoiz preprostih in malih reči. Njih lepote ne gledamo ljudje z očmi,ampak jih čutimo, ko nam radostijo dušo in srce.Zaradi tega njegove arhitekturne miniature postanejo in ostanejo večne.In četudi se včasih počuti kot don Kihot, je njegovo vračanje k ljudskemuin kulturnemu izročilu – slovenskemu in evropskemu – ustoličenona srečnem koncu: na uspešnem ohranjanju tradicije, ki jo zna samkot poslednji romantik s tisočero talenti ceniti v vsej njeni (po)polnosti.Pa še to. Goethe je nekoč zapisal: »Talent se oblikuje v tišini, karakter vviharju sveta.« Suhadolčev talent govori sam zase, karakter pa »izkušenosti«navkljub ostaja otroško hudomušen, živahen in očarljiv.

{ Skrivnosti gozda }( 73 )

( 74 )The Chairsof JanezSuhadolcText: Sandra JazbecPhotography: Dragan ArriglerOnce there was a forest. Then there was wood. Thenthere was a chair. And then Janez Suhadolc. Trees are themost outstanding representatives of the botanical world,Suhadolc believes. Wood, timber and wooden productsare the mortal remains of once living beings. Whoever loves trees andwood also shows a love of the living and the deceased.A generous tally of products made by architect Janez Suhadolc (startingin 1987, which marks the beginning of the “Tišler story”) would endup at around 250, perhaps even more – a precise number would be hardto determine, since the difference between a new model and variousother versions is quite unclear. In addition to chairs, his product rangecovers rocking chairs, footstools, tables, chess sets, beds, cupboards,bookshelves, music stands, flower stands, altars, chalices, gravestones,a tempietto, bird feeders, lacemaker’s arm rests, chains for a dean andpriest and more. He prizes walnut, cherry and maple wood above all,although he has also worked extensively with other species of Slovenianwood. He does not use any exotic wood.

Possibly – or even chiefly – through a love of ‘’Plečnik’s times’’ (inthe context of his inspirations and creations he makes a point of emphasisingthe genius of Jože Plečnik), his work radiates the Sloveniancultural tradition with unconditional loyalty; for instance just take hiscradle, where we cannot ignore the allusion to the Slovenian hayrackor kozolec. In short, this is an artist who attempts to work in a recognisablySlovenian style.Alongside a long dedication to tradition, the essence of his work ismarked by its ethic, as well as its erotic quality and aesthetic, as highlightedby Jaroslav Skrušny in the first book of his trilogy Stoli/Chairs(1997). To these powerful concepts we may also append uniqueness,minimalism, classical elegance, poetics, functionalism and a strongsymbolic force.The American designer George Nelson once foresaw the modern-daychair being on the list, when generations to come select the most typicalobjects of Western culture in the first half of the 20th century. HughAldersey-Williams has fleshed out the story, saying that the chair ison the list not just for the first half of that century, but in fact for anyperiod within it, and most certainly for the last few decades. But whythe chair, exactly? Composers are united in believing that the mostsuperlative medium of expression is not the symphony, as one mightexpect, since after all it is the longest and loudest form. It is in fact thestring quartet. The same thing is true of design. Giving form to a car ortrain involves the harmonised work of many players. These are designsymphonies. But a chair is a rather more personal thing, a product ofprivate introspection. A chair is not a symphony, but a string quartet.And like a string quartet, a chair is also usually intended for experiencingwithin a home environment, so it is in effect a chamber piece. Ifthis kind of analogy seems unexpected, that is a sad reflection of thefact that music and design very rarely provide each other with mutualinspiration. Sad, because designers could learn many things from theexperiences of nationally-oriented composers. The best thing here isthat you do not have to limit yourself to your own nation. Debussy’sIberia and Mendelssohn’s Scottish Symphony, for instance, are outstandingexamples of such music. Designers rarely acquire any similarfreedom; perhaps they fear a descent into kitsch.For myself, in the free, sweet “string quartet” harmonies of Suhadolc’sChairs, I hear Vivaldi’s Four Seasons – all of them. Or putanother way: Janez Suhadolc has his own artistic muse. Its name isNature. But not that grandiose, infinite and mighty Nature. His Natureis a nature of refined nuances that are for the most part hidden fromhuman eyes. You can sense it in the quiet melancholic dance of snowflakesin winter, in the sun’s rays taking reluctant leave of their goldenreflection in water on a languid summer evening, in the teasing playof cherry blossoms in the wind of a newborn spring, and in an ancientoak, swathed in a late autumn mist, coyly shielding its denuded crown.Janez Suhadolc confirms the rule that greatness is born of simple andsmall things. We do not view their beauty with our eyes, but sensethem when they spread joy to our hearts and souls.For this reason his architectural miniatures have become and remaineternal. And even though he sometimes feels like Don Quixote, hisregular return to the folk and cultural tradition – both of Slovenia andEurope – is enshrined in a happy ending: the successful preservationof tradition, which as the last romantic with a thousand talents, hehimself is able to appreciate in all its fullness and perfection. Moreover,Goethe once wrote: “Talent is developed in tranquillity, character inthe full current of human life.” Suhadolc’s talent speaks for itself, whilehis character of “experience” nevertheless remains childishly mischievous,lively and enchanting.A( 75 )

( 76 )Balonarstvo

Z AvijemŠornom( 77 )nad Ljubljanoz balonom je zanimivejše kot z letali, saj morašbolj razumeti vreme in se bolj prepustiti vetrovom.»LetenjeBolj moraš poznati samo letenju in njegovo dinamiko.V letalo se zgolj usedeš, daš gas, potuješ in pristaneš. Govorimseveda o neki nadgradnji. Pri preprostih letih izbereš velik travnik,napihneš balon, se dvigneš, spustiš, ne potrebuješ bog ve kolikoznanja. Ampak to, da letiš po dolinah čim dalj, da izkoristiš vetrovesebi v prid, to pa ni lahko … Zato sem ostal pri balonih ...«pripoveduje Avi Šorn, pilot toplega zračnega balona, medtem kopoletimo visoko v nebo (vsaj meni se je zdela višina izjemna).Besedilo: Meta Krese Fotografije: Arne Hodalič

{ Balonarstvo }( 78 )Ko ga poslušam, mi sicer postane jasno, zakaj kdo danessploh še leti z balonom, se pa vseeno ves čas sprašujem, kajdelam jaz v pleteni košari nekaj sto metrov nad Ljubljano. Aje bilo to res nujno? si mislim. Res je, da sem si želela leteti zbalonom vse od petega leta, ko mi je sestra kupila knjigo Nikolaja NosovaNeznalčkove dogodivščine in ena izmed najbolj razburljivih prigod je bilaprav gotovo potovanje z balonom; ampak – kdo pa pravi, da je zdravo izpolnjevatiotroške želje? Pa čeprav lastne … Mar bi z varnih tal zrla v neboin občudovala pilotove spretnosti!Avi Šorn nadaljuje: »Oseminšestdesetega leta sem postal pilot jadralnegaletala. Ker pa je bilo naslednje leto ali dve zelo malo letal na razpolagoin smo morali dolgo čakati na vrsto, smo takoj, ko sem v tuji reviji naletelna fotografijo jadralnega zmaja, tega tudi naredili. Z njim sem letal dveleti, ampak ko smo na tekmi z zmaji v Avstriji zagledali zračni topli balon,ki je bil lahko v zraku kar nekaj časa, mi je takoj postal veliko bolj všeč.«Skupina prijateljev zanesenjakov je prvi balon naredila sama. Kupoloso morali šivati v telovadnici, ki je bila edini dovolj velik prostor dalečnaokoli. Uporabili so samo najboljše materiale in Avi Šorn je še danespo več kot tridesetletnih izkušnjah prepričan, da je bil njihov izdelek varenin da niso zgrešili na nobeni točki. Z njim so leteli vrsto let: denarjaza novega niso imeli in tudi v svetu še ni bilo toliko balonov, da bi ga zlahkoto zamenjali. Jugoslovanska vojaška oblast, ki je bila takrat nad civilno,jim je podelila dovoljenje za polete, ko pa se je to izteklo, so imelihude težave z birokracijo.Ne morem se zadržati in postavim vprašanje, ki se mi zdi tisti trenutekna nekaj sto metrih višine pač najbolj pomembno: »A vas je bilo kaj strah?«»Saj ti možgani več ne delajo,« se zasmeji.Njegov najdaljši polet, to je 150 km, je trajal 6 ur. V rokah trdno drži‘jamski‘ rekord. Še nikomur se ni uspelo dvigniti 42 m visoko 300 m podzemljo, tako kot se je njemu v Postojnski jami v Koncertni dvorani na Bergerjevipredstavi Die Traumdeutung.V teh desetletjih, v katerih se Avi Šorn premika ’nad oblaki’ (no, oblačnovreme pravzaprav ni prijazno za balonarje), se je še najbolj spremenilastrategija, kako se vrniti po kopnem domov.»Nekdanje razmere so neprimerljive z današnjimi. Ko si včasih pristal,si moral poiskati telefon in poklicati spremljevalce, da so prišli pote, če tiniso sledili tako, da so gledali v zrak in vozili avto približno v tvojo smer.Z današnjo tehniko je to nekaj popolnoma drugega. Balon gre tja, kamorpiha veter, res pa je, da na različnih višinah piha v različne smeri. Včasihje celo tako, da na eni višini letiš v eno smer, se spustiš ali dvigneš in lahkopristaneš skoraj na vzletišču,« razloži Avi.No, ampak z naključnimi potniki leti na višini 300 do 500 m. »Toliko,da imajo lep razgled. Nekatere je strah, ker smo prenizko, druge, ker smoprevisoko. Potem se pač odločiš za nekaj vmes …«Tretje pa je ves čas strah, bi lahko po pristanku mirno dodala. Ampakmehkost poleta, čudežen pogled na Ljubljano, Barje, ki nima nič skupnega zvsakdanjimi prizori, in končno nežen pristanek zbrišejo iz spomina prestalistrah in pustijo zgolj željo po novih dogodivščinah, kot bi rekel Neznalček.Pri vseh Šornovih zgodbah, ki jihtakole mimogrede slišim, bi moralmoj strah že zdavnaj izpuhteti.»Slovenija, pravzaprav oddelek za civilno letalstvo, je do nas takoj začutilsimpatijo, zato se je število balonov v Sloveniji strmo dvigovalo, in česta bila prej pri nas 2, mogoče 3 baloni, jih je bilo v nekaj letih 20, v 5 letihpa že 50. Številka se je ustavila pri 50, 60 balonih,« pove Avi. Nihče pa jihne izdeluje več sam.Pri vseh Šornovih zgodbah, ki jih takole mimogrede slišim, bi moralmoj strah že zdavnaj izpuhteti. Čeprav se ga zelo racionalno trudim premagati,mi ne uspe popolnoma. Ampak počasi se le zmanjšuje.Avi Šorn je Jugoslavijo zastopal že na svetovnem prvenstvu v Kanadileta 1991, od takrat ni manjkal na nobeni tekmi. Letel je tako rekoč povsem svetu: Avstraliji, Japonski, ZDA, Novi Zelandiji, Argentini, Boliviji... In seveda po Evropi ... Najboljši rezultat je bilo 4. mesto na evropskemprvenstvu in 20. na svetovnem. Poleg tega ima 2 diamantni znački, jesenise bo potegoval še za tretjo.»Za diamantno značko moraš doseči 9.000 m, jaz sem bil na 10.600 m,in to sam, saj ne moreš še koga drugega spravljati v nevarnost. Dovolj je,da sebe. Ker v pol ure dosežeš 10.000 m višine, sledim pri takih podvigihnasvetom dveh prijateljev, zelo dobrih zdravnikov, ki mi izračunata dekompresijo,«razloži.

{ Balooning }( 79 )

( 80 ){ Ballooning }WithAvi Šornin the SkiesAbove LjubljanaText: Meta Krese Photography: Arne Hodaliča balloon is more interesting than flying anaeroplane because you need a better understanding of theweather and you must surrender yourself to the winds. You“Flyinghave to know more about flying itself, and its dynamics.With an aeroplane you simply take your seat, open the throttle, fly to yourdestination and land. I’m talking about more complicated balloon flights,of course. For simple flights, you just choose a big field, inflate your balloon,go up and come down. You don’t need all sorts of specialist knowledge.But flying as far as you can through valleys, using the winds to youradvantage, that’s not easy... And that’s why I have stuck with balloons.”The speaker is hot air balloon pilot Avi Šorn, and he is telling me thesethings as we rise high into the sky (incredibly high, it seemed to me).As I listen to him I start tounderstand why people still flyballoons, even though I can’t stopasking myself what I am doingin a wicker basket hundreds ofmetres above Ljubljana. Was thisreally necessary, I wonder. It’strue that I had wanted to go upin a balloon ever since I was fiveyears old, when my sister boughtme a copy of Dunno’s Adventures bythe Russian author Nikolai Nosov,in which one of the most excitingadventures involved a trip in aballoon, but who says it’s healthyto make childhood wishes cometrue? Even if they’re your own...I’d rather be safely on the groundgazing up into the sky and admiringthe pilot’s skill.Avi Šorn continues: “I became a glider pilot in 1968. At that time therewere very few aircraft available and we had to wait a long time for our turn,so the moment we came across a photograph of a hang-glider in a foreignmagazine we decided to take up hang-gliding as well. I flew a hang-gliderfor two years but then, at a hang-gliding competition in Austria, I saw myfirst hot air balloon – a balloon that could stay up in the air for quite a longtime – and I immediately decided that I liked that a lot more.”He and a group of his friends, fellow enthusiasts, made their first balloonthemselves. They had to sew the canopy in a school gym because itwas the only place big enough for miles around. They used only the bestmaterials and even today, after more than 30 years’ experience, Avi Šornstill believes that the balloon they built was a safe one and that they dideverything right. They flew that balloon for several years: they had nomoney for a new one and in any case there were still so few balloons in theworld that replacing it would not have been easy. The Yugoslav militaryauthorities, which in those days took precedence over civilian authoritiesin aviation matters, granted them an airworthiness certificate, but whenthis expired they encountered real problems with bureaucracy.“Slovenia, or rather the civil aviation department, immediately took aliking to us and as a result the number of balloons in Slovenia shot up. Ifto start with there were two, maybe three balloons in the country, withina couple of years there were 20 and within five years there were already50 of them. The number has now stabilised at around 50 or 60 balloons.”Even if no one makes their own any more.Listening to Šorn’s stories as we fly along, my fear should have evaporatedlong ago. Although I try very rationally to overcome it, I am notentirely successful. But it is slowly diminishing.Avi Šorn represented Yugoslavia at the FAI World Hot Air BalloonChampionship in Canada in 1991 and has not missed a meet since then.He has flown practically all over the world: Australia, Japan, the USA,New Zealand, Argentina, Bolivia... and of course Europe. His best results

( 81 )Listening to Šorn’s stories as wefly along, my fear should haveevaporated long ago.so far are fourth place at the European Championship and twentieth atthe World Championship. He also has two diamond badges and this autumnwill try for his third.“To get a diamond badge you have to reach an altitude of 9,000 metres,”explains Avi. “I made it to 10,600 metres. You have to do it solo because youcan’t put anyone else in danger. It’s enough that you are putting yourself indanger. Because you reach an altitude of 10,000 metres in half an hour, whenattempting these feats I am careful to follow the advice of two friends ofmine who are very good doctors and who calculate decompression for me.”I can’t help myself and I ask the question which at that moment,several hundred metres above the ground, seems to me to be the mostimportant one: “Have you ever been scared?”“Your brain just stops working,” he laughs.His longest flight, 150 kilometres, lasted six hours. He is also the undisputedholder of the “cave ballooning” record. No one else has yet succeededin ascending to a height of 42 metres while 300 metres below thesurface of the Earth, as he did in the Concert Hall in Postojna Cave duringa performance of Matjaž Berger’s production of Die Traumdeutung.Over the course of the several decades in which Avi Šorn has beenmoving “above the clouds” (cloudy weather is actually not very pleasantfor balloonists), the biggest change has been to his strategy for gettinghome again once back on the ground.“There’s no comparison with conditions today,” he tells me. “Backthen, when you landed, you had to try and find a telephone and callyour backup team to come and get you, unless they had followed you bylooking up in the air and driving in roughly your direction. With today’stechnology it’s completely different. The balloon goes wherever the windblows, although it’s true that the wind blows in different directions at differentaltitudes. Sometimes it can even happen that at one altitude youare flying in one direction, and then you go down or up and find yourselflanding almost where you took off.”When he’s carrying passengers he flies at an altitude of between 300and 500 metres: “Enough for them to have a good view. Some are frightenedwhen we fly too low, others are frightened when we fly too high. Soyou end up choosing somewhere in between...”Others again are frightened the whole time, I could easily have addedonce we had landed. Yet the gentleness of the flight, the wonderful viewof Ljubljana and the Barje wetland (a view that bears no relation to thepanoramas of everyday life), and finally the soft landing – somehowthese factors combine to erase the last vestiges of fear from my memory,leaving behind nothing but a desire for new adventures, as Dunnowould say.A

( 82 )Legendao razkriti, a še naprejskrivnostni kristalni jamiBesedilo: Dragica Bošnjak Fotografije: Dragica Bošnjak, Charles Crowell in sodelavci Inštituta za raziskovanje krasa ZRC SAZU

Krasoslovje v Združenih arabskih emiratihStarejši domačini so že dolgo namigovali, dase v težko dostopnem skalovju, ki se bočina enem od obmorskih predelov emirataRas al Khaimah (RAK) blizu meje z Omanom, zakomaj opaznim vhodom v notranjosti skriva ogromnajama ... Od tam naj bi večkrat slišali »nenavadneglasove in šumenje, podobno penjenju morskihvalov«, kar naj bi pomenilo, da sega prav do morskegadna. Vendar pa se, so dodali pomenljivo in vsvarilo mlajšim, ki bi jih utegnila preveč zamikatikakšna nora pustolovščina, da se tisti, ki jih je bila( 83 )premamila radovednost, niso nikoli vrnili ...Tako pravi ena od legend. Naravoslovno usmerjeniraziskovalci, ki vsekakor veljajo za krasoslovce, se lahko obtem bolj ali manj diskretno nasmehnejo. Legende so pačlegende, vedno jih je treba »jemati z rezervo«. Vendar pa so,pripoveduje predstojnik Inštituta za raziskovanje krasa ZRC SAZU vPostojni, dr. Tadej Slabe, v krajih, kamor pridejo prvič in kjer še ni resnihterenskih raziskav in podatkov, gotovo prav staroselci in drugi domačinidragocen vir osnovnih informacij o posameznem območju. Ti lahkoveliko pomagajo z napotki, kod in kako do težje dostopnih terenov.Eno takih, sicer terensko ne toliko težko dostopnih, ampak praktičnostrokovno še skoraj povsem neraziskanih, je tudi že omenjeno območjeRAK; po velikosti je to četrti od sedmih Združenih arabskih emiratov spribližno 300.000 prebivalci, z bogato zgodovino, skromnejšimi nahajališčinafte, vseeno pa s solidnim življenjskim standardom in predvsem – ssedanjostjo in prihodnostjo, usmerjeno v izobraževanje, znanost in raziskave.Med slednje tako spada – poleg poudarjenega razvoja centra za naprednemateriale, kar vključuje področje alternativnih virov energije, skrbza čisto vodo in sonaravni razvoj – tudi raziskovanje njihovega krasa.Tako so slovenski krasoslovci prejeli povabilo dr. Asme Al-Farraj AlKetbi, profesorice na Oddelku za geografijo Univerze Združenih ArabskihEmiratov (Al-Ain University UAE) in predsednice geografskegazdruženja ZAE, naj opravijo osnovne terenske raziskave, saj pri njih stem še niso imeli praktično nobenih izkušenj. Domačini in jamarji sosicer obiskovali nekatere jame, nihče pa jih še ni strokovno proučeval.Dr. Asma Al-Farraj Al-Ketbi je kot dobra poznavalka geomorfologijeobmočja emirata Ras Al Kaimah, od koder je doma in kjer prebijepretežen del akademskih počitnic, vedela, da je kras tudi precejprevotljen. Zanimala se je za nekatere precej nedostopne vhode v jamein želela, da bi jih poznavalci, torej slovenski krasoslovci, podrobnejeraziskali: pomagali bi odkriti jame, ugotovili njihove značilnostiin ocenili, kakšne so možnosti za razvoj jamarstva, gorništva indrugih vrst turizma. Pri tem je profesorico Al-Farraj Al Ketbi podprltudi šejk emirata RAK Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi, ki je tudi osebnosprejel slovenske raziskovalce in se v pogovoru z njimi zanimal zaznanstvenoraziskovalno delo na področju krasoslovja. Njegovo osebjeje celo obiskalo slovensko ekipo med terenskim raziskovanjem,posredovali pa so tudi pri navezavi stikov z lokalnimi poznavalciposameznih hribovitih in gorskih predelov. Kot so povedali, se jim zdizanimiva pobuda dr. Asme Al-Ferraj Al Ketbi, da bi del tamkajšnjegakraškega območja zaščitili kot nacionalni park, kjer bi bile v središčuzanimanja prav kraške jame.Kot ponavadi so sestavili interdisciplinarno skupino, v kateri so bilipoleg predstojnika, geografa-krasoslovca dr. Slabeta, še dva geologa,dr. Martin Knez in dr. Nada Zupan Hajna, hiodrogeologinja dr. MetkaPetrič, pa dr. Franci Gabrovšek, ki se kot fizik ukvarjapredvsem z računalniškim modeliranjem krasa,obenem pa je tudi odličen jamar, ter mikrobiolog dr.Janez Mulec.

{ Krasoslovje }In koliko resnice je bilo vskrivnostni legendi?( 84 )Zaenkrat »kakšne nove Postojnske jame« niso odkrili in morda nekolikorazočarali tiste s prevelikimi pričakovanji. A saj so v slabih dveh tednihkomaj zaorali prve brazde v ledino na nekaj omejenih območjih. Vseenopa so zbrali veliko zanimivih podatkov in nabrali vzorce naplavin in sig,ki jih pozneje podrobno analizirajo ter pripravijo poročila tako za objavov strokovni literaturi kot za aplikativno rabo pri nadaljevanju raziskavoziroma načrtovanju različnih aktivnosti in programov na njihovih kraškihobmočjih. Že ob prvem obisku jih je na drugi lokaciji, ki jo poznajodomačini, čakala »strokovna poslastica« – povsem bela, z debelo skorjokristalov pokrita jama. Poimenovali so jo »kristalna« in na prvi pogledocenili, da gre verjetno za tako imenovano hidrotermalno kraško jamo, kijo bodo seveda še podrobneje raziskali.Kot je ob tem dejala tudi v svetovnih strokovnih krogih vplivna in spoštovanadr. Asma al-Farraj Al Ketbi, načrtujejo s sodelavci nadaljnje tesnejšesodelovanje in nove projekte s skupnim terenskim raziskovanjem,skupnimi publikacijami in pripravljanjem strokovnih osnov za določanjezavarovanih območij oziroma načrtovanje nacionalnih parkov. Pri tem obomenjanju gorniškega turizma, jamarstva in ostalih dejavnosti posebejpoudarjajo skrb za varovanje okolja, vodne vire, sonaraven razvoj ...Spodbudno je še dejstvo, da je uspelo ne le v Emiratih, temveč tudi vsvetu uveljavljeni strokovnjakinji Asmi al-Farraj Al Ketbi – med drugim jekolumnistka v družinskih revijah in publikacijah, namenjenih »sodobniženski« (v arabskem svetu), in zelo »športna« dvakratna babica, ki z zadovoljstvompodpira hčerino izobraževanje v Ameriki in pot v samostojnost– pritegniti k študiju in terenskemu raziskovalnemu delu poleg študentovtudi študentke: izobražene mlade ženske, ki jim verjetno predstavljavzor na poti v uspešno akademsko kariero.Za slovenske raziskovalce je bilo presenetljivo, kako odmevno so onjihovi raziskovalni skupini poročali mediji; med drugim (poleg številnihtelevizijskih postaj) so več prispevkov objavili tudi na tematski strani,namenjeni znanosti in raziskovanju v dnevnem časopisu The Nationaliz Dubaja in v več časopisih, ki izhajajo v arabščini, ter drugih medijih naobmočju Zaliva.

The Legendof a Still-MysteriousHidden Crystal CaveText: Dragica BošnjakPhotography: Dragica Bošnjak, Charles Crowell and researchersof Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZUThe older locals have long hinted at the existence ofan enormous cave with a barely noticeable entrance in ahard-to-access rocky area on the coast of the Ras al Khaimah(RAK) emirate, near the Oman border... They say that“strange voices and murmuring like the foaming of the ocean waves”come from there, which could mean that it reaches right down to the seabed. But they also add pointedly, as an admonition to youngsters whomight be tempted to try some crazy adventure, that those who gave into their curiosity have never returned...So says one of the legends. But scientifically-oriented researchers,which karstologists undoubtedly are, meet such assertions with varyingdegrees of discreet laughter. Legends are, well, legends, and youalways have to take them with a grain of salt. However, according to theDirector of the Karst Research Institute in Postojna, Dr Tadej Slabe, inplaces where they go for the first time and where no serious fieldworkor data collection has been done, indigenous people and locals are definitelya valuable source of basic information about individual areas.They can be of great assistance with advice about where and how to getto difficult-to-access terrain.One such area, not so difficult to access but to all intents and purposescompletely devoid of scientific research is the above-mentionedRAK; in size it is the fourth largest of the seven United Arab Emirates,with a population of approximately 300,000, a rich history, modest oilreserves, but at any rate with a solid standard of living and, particularlyas regards education, science and research, a focus on the present andfuture. The latter, in addition to the focused development of a centrefor advanced materials, which includes the fields of alternative energysources, clean water and sustainable development, also includes researchof their karst.Thus it was that Slovene karstologists received an invitation from DrAsma Al-Farraj Al-Ketbi, a professor in the Geography Department at Al-Ain University UAE and President of the UAE Geographical Association,to carry out basic fieldwork, of which they themselves have had practicallyno experience. Some caves have been visited by locals and cavers,but none of them have been studied professionally.( 85 )

{ Karstology in the United Arab Emirates }( 86 )Dr Al-Farraj Al-Ketbi is very familiar with the geomorphology of thearea of the Ras al Khaimah emirate, which is her home and where shespends the majority of her academic holidays, so she knew that theirkarst is also full of caves. She was interested in some fairly inaccessiblecave entrances and wanted experts, i.e. Slovene karstologists, tostudy them in more detail: help them discover caves, determine theircharacteristics and assess the possibilities for the development of caving,mountaineering and other forms of tourism. Professor Al-FarrajAl-Ketbi received support from the Sheik of the RAK emirate, Saud binSaqr Al Qasimi, who also personally accompanied the Slovene researchersand asked them about their scientific research in the field of karstology.His staff also visited the Slovene team during their fieldwork, andhelped them establish connections with locals who were familiar withthe individual hilly and mountainous regions. They said that they wereintrigued by Dr Al-Farraj Al-Ketbi’s initiative to protect this karst regionas a national park, in which the karst caves would be the focal point.As is customary, an interdisciplinary team was formed consistingof a team leader, geographer/karstologist Dr Slabe, two geologists, DrMartin Knez and Dr Nada Zupan Hajna, hydrogeologist Dr Metka Petrič,physicist Dr Franci Gabrovšek, who is mainly involved in computermodelling of karst areas, and is at the same time an excellent caver, andmicrobiologist Dr Janez Mulec.And how truthful were thosemysterious legends?For the time being they have not discovered a “new Postojna Cave”,which is perhaps slightly disappointing to those with excessively highexpectations. With less than two weeks at their disposal, however, theybarely scratched the surface in some of the areas in question. But theydid collect a lot of interesting data and samples of alluvial deposits,dripstone and flowstone, which they will later analyse in detail and useas a basis for reports for publication in specialist journals, which willalso have a practical application in further research and a variety of activitiesand programmes in other karst regions. Even during their firstvisit they enjoyed a “professional treat” at another location known tothe locals, a totally white hidden cave thickly encrusted with crystals.They gave it the working title of “crystal”, but at first glance hypothesisedthat it was probably what is known as a hydrothermal karst cave,which they will of course study in greater detail.According to Dr Asma Al-Farraj Al-Ketbi, who is influential and respectedin professional circles around the world, she and her colleaguesare planning to continue their close cooperation and new projectsincluding joint fieldwork, joint publications and the preparation ofbackground documentation in order to establish protected areas or plannational parks. With regard to mountain tourism, caving and other activities,they are placing particular emphasis on protecting the environment,water resources, sustainable development, etc.Particularly encouraging is the fact that Dr Al-Farraj Al-Ketbi, a recognisedexpert not only in the Emirates but around the world – she alsowrites columns in family magazines and publications aimed at “modernwomen” (in the Arab world), and is a very athletic grandmother oftwo who is happy to support her daughter’s education in America andher journey to independence – has succeeded in attracting not onlymale students to study and perform fieldwork, but also female students:educated young women to whom she undoubtedly represents amodel on their path to a successful academic career.The Slovene researchers were surprised at how much attention theirresearch group received in the media; several television stations providedcoverage and a number of articles were published in the science and researchsection of the Dubai-based daily newspaper The National, and inArabic-language newspapers, and other media in the Gulf region.A

( 87 )Najbrž ni treba podrobno razlagati, kako take znanstvenoraziskovalneodprave, ki so vedno povezane s terenskimdelom, tovorijo s seboj poleg ustreznih oblačil, obutve inplezalno-jamarske opreme tudi terensko laboratorijskoopremo, zraven pa še pravcate kamnoseške pripomočke. In kako so obvrnitvi vedno potrebni še pravi logistični podvigi, da bi dodatno »najtežjo«,a dragoceno vsebino prtljage – vzorce kamenja in drugo – pretovorilidomov. Primerki kamnin najrazličnejših oblik, velikosti, barv insestave, ki jih izbrskajo med terenskim raziskovanjem, poznavalcemže na pogled pomagajo razbrati ali vsaj oceniti geološke procese, ki sose na posameznih območjih dogajali v minulih stoletjih ali tisočletjih.Mozaik s podatki se namreč pozneje dopolni z domačimi laboratorijskimiraziskavami, nova strokovna spoznanja pa ponavadi predstavijov uglednih mednarodnih znanstvenih publikacijah. In šele ko se nepoznavaleclahko pobližje spozna z izjemno obsežnimi in povsod posvetu odmevnimi rezultati znanstvenoraziskovalnega dela slovenskihkrasoslovcev, je mogoče razumeti, kako lahko sredi na videz puščobnekamnite pokrajine ob vznožju goratih gmot v peklenski vročini ali vblatu do kolen navdušeno razlagajo, da so sredi pravega raja za raziskovanje... Tudi zato je bilo za nas že zdavnaj doseženo pomembno priznanje,da so kras – te svojevrstne pokrajine, ki se razvija na karbonatnihkamninah – poimenovali prav po slovenskem krasu. Z njegovimi opisise je začelo razvijati krasoslovje, ki se po zaslugah naših krasoslovcevuveljavlja tudi kot samostojna znanstvena veda.It is probably unnecessary to explain in detail that for these typesof scientific expeditions, which always include fieldwork, in additionto the required clothing, footwear and climbing and cavingequipment, you also have to bring field laboratory equipment, aswell as real stonecutting tools. And that when you return you have todeal with the logistical challenges of carrying your “heaviest” but invaluablecargo – rock and other samples – home. The specimens of the mostvaried shapes, sizes, colours and composition which are taken duringthe field research can help specialists even at first glance determine orat least estimate the geological processes that occurred in individualareas in bygone centuries and millennia. This mosaic of data is later supplementedby laboratory research at home, and new scientific findingsare usually presented in respected international scientific journals. Onlywhen the layperson can approximately appreciate the incredible extentand global impact of the scientific work of Slovene karstologists is itpossible to understand how in the middle of a barren rocky landscape,at the foot of mountainous landmasses, in infernal heat or in mud up totheir knees they can exclaim that they are in research heaven... For thisreason as well we long ago achieved an important recognition that theGerman translation of our word kras (Karst) is used as the internationalterm for the unique landscapes that develop over carbonate aggregates.The study of karstology developed from descriptions of it, and thanks tothe continued contributions of our karstologists is just now beginningto be established as an independent scientific discipline.

Predjamski gradSveže češnjeiz obleganegagradu( 88 )Skrivnostni grad šarmantnegarazbojniškega viteza, skrit globoko vkraškem svetu Slovenije, je bil stoletjamiren pred osvajalci. Danes ga dnevnoobišče na stotine ljudi s celega sveta.Besedilo in fotografije: Luka Dakskobler

( 89 )

{ Predjamski grad }( 90 )Predjamski grad so dali v dvanajstem stoletju zgraditioglejski patriarhi blizu jamborne ceste, na delu, ki je bil deltrgovske povezave med celino in Trstom, in sicer v jami, ki jedel drugega največjega jamskega sistema v Sloveniji, dolgega več kot14 km. V njem je najprej živela rodbina Luegg oz. vitezi Jamski, ki jim jepripadal tudi Erazem, razbojniški vitez. O njem pripoveduje legenda,da so ga po sporu s habsburškim cesarjem Friderikom III. in po ubojucesarjevega sorodnika obsodili na smrt. Zato se je skril v Predjamskigrad, kjer ga je po dolgem iskanju izsledila cesarjeva vojska in gradoblegala leto in en dan. Čakali so, da Erazmu poidejo zaloge hrane in sepreda, toda Erazem jim je z gradu pošiljal hrano, s katero se je ves časoskrboval prek skrivnega jamskega rova. Ko jim je spomladi 1484 z gradumetal zrele češnje iz Vipave, ki jih tedaj v Predjami še ni bilo, se je vojskiposvetilo in podkupili so Erazmovega služabnika, da jim je pokazalnajšibkejšo točko gradu in jim signaliziral, kdaj se v njej nahaja Erazem.Tako je legendarnega viteza zadela topovska krogla, ravno ko je opravljalpotrebo na grajskem stranišču.Njegovo dekle naj bi ga bilo pokopalo ob cerkvi v Predjami in na grobzasadilo lipo, ki je tam še danes. Stara lipa, zdaj že povsem votla, res stojipred cerkvijo, ki jo je verjetno dal zgraditi Erazmov oče v 15. stoletju.Kasneje, v letih, ko so srednjeveške gradove opuščali in so ti začelipropadati, so grofi Cobenzl sezidali še vhodni renesančni stolp ingrad je dobil današnjo obliko. Zadnji lastniki so bili knezi Windisch-grätz, ki so ga imeli za lovsko postojanko. Od druge svetovne vojne jev državni lasti, leta 1999 razglašen za kulturni spomenik, v njem pa sooskrbniki živeli vse do leta 1989.Uradno se grad imenuje Jama, saj razen vhodnega stolpa ves leži vjami. Njegovi zidovi se zdijo skoraj naravno zliti s skalnato steno zadaj,zeleno od plesni in mestoma mokro, saj v jamskem svetu od vsepovsodteče voda. V spomladanskih in jesenskih mesecih je v gradu več kot80-odstotna vlaga, zato morajo vsako leto vsaj tretjino gradu pokitatiin prebeliti z apnom. Najverjetneje so nekoč v grad vstopali po lestvi vdrugo nadstropje, kar je bilo na strmem pobočju pogosto nadomestiloobrambnega jarka in dvižnega mostu, ki so ju dočakali kasneje, ko soz umirjanjem razmer vhod prestavili v prvo nadstropje in naposled vpritličje. Grad so neprestano širili in prezidavali, zato je do danes ostalav njem marsikatera uganka – npr. vrata, ki ne vodijo nikamor. Nekoč jeveljalo, da se je grad širil iz jame navzven, po zadnji prenovi leta 1989 paso dognali, da je najprej nastal osrednji del današnjega gradu. Nato so vstrahu, da ne bi kdo vendarle prebil meter in pol debele stene, zgradiligloblji, jamski del, tega pa kasneje opustili in zgradili vhodni stolp, kipravzaprav edini leži pred jamo. Na nekdaj zunanji steni gradu sta jasnovidna zazidana vhoda v prvo in drugo nadstropje.Danes ga vsako leto obišče okrog 110.000 turistov, ki si ga ponavadiogledajo skupaj s Postojnsko jamo. Njihove duhove burita predvsemmučilnica in sodna dvorana z globokim breznom, v katerega so menda

( 91 )metali na smrt obsojene. V jami za gradom si na stropu lahko ogledajojeklene različice zbiralnikov vode, v katere so v srednjem veku lovilivodo in jo po kanalih speljali po vsem gradu. Od tod vodijo jamarjimanjše skupine skozi Erazmov rov, ki je dolg le 37 metrov, a skoraj navpičen,zato se morajo obiskovalci privezati.Večkrat na dan lahko turisti vstopijo tudi v spodnjo jamo 25 metrovpod vhodom v grad, si s svetilkami svetijo pot skozi del jamskega sistemain 25 metrov nad gradom spet pogledajo na svetlo. V jami so vidnipodpisi obiskovalcev od 16. stoletja dalje, tu pa prebiva tudi 12 vrstnetopirjev, ki so zaščiteni, zato je jama v času njihovega zimskega spanjazaprta. Zgornji del se imenuje Fiženca, ker je po izročilu na izhodunekoč rasla figa, ki je zaradi toplejšega jamskega zraka ni vzela zima. Podogovoru se skupine lahko odpravijo tudi na zahtevnejši ogled, ki trajado pet ur.Osrednja prireditev pod Predjamskim gradom je vsakoletni Erazmovviteški turnir, julijska dvodnevna srednjeveška prireditev z viteškimidvoboji in predstavami ter nočnim ognjenim obleganjem gradu. Obiščejo okrog 10.000 ljudi.Predjamski grad še danes buri duhove. Dobesedno. Pred leti ga jeobiskala ekipa lovcev na duhove iz ZDA in jih ni le našla, ampak tudiposnela. Kajpak, največ v mučilnici. Od tedaj zanimanje za »predjamskeduhove« narašča.Svoje nenavadnosti še vedno ponuja tudi jamski svet. Ista termika,ki naj bi ohranjala pri življenju figovo drevo, postreže tudi z zvončki, kirastejo na travniku pred gradom – v času božiča.{ Predjama Castle }

{ Predjama Castle }Fresh CherriesFrom a BesiegedCastleText and photography: Luka Dakskobler( 92 )Deep in the heart of Slovenia’s Karst region, this mysteriouscastle, once the home of a dashing knight-brigand, remainedan impregnable stronghold for centuries. Today it is a populartourist destination, with hundreds of visitors every day from all overthe world.In the 12th century, the Aquileia patriarchs had Predjama Castle builtclose to what was called the Mast Road, part of a trade route betweenthe interior of the continent and Trieste, more specifically in a cave thatis part of the second biggest cave system in Slovenia, more than 14 kmlong. It was first inhabited by the Luegg family, otherwise known asthe Jamski or Cave knights, who included Erasmus, the knight-brigand,of whom legend records that, following a dispute with the the Emperor,Frederick III, and the murder of one of the Emperor's relatives, he wascondemned to death and took refuge in Predjama Castle, to which hewas tracked down after a long search by the imperial army, which besiegedthe castle for a year and a day. They waited for Erasmus' suppliesof food to run out and for him to give up, but Erasmus actually sentthem food from the castle, since throughout the siege he was beingsupplied via a secret cave passage. When he threw ripe Vipava cherries –the cherries were still not ready in Predjama – down to his besiegers inthe spring of 1484, the army saw the light, and bribed one of Erasmus'servants to show them the weakest point of the castle, and then signalwhen Erasmus was in it. The legendary knight was hit by a cannonballas he was seated answering the call of nature in the castle privy.His consort is said to have had him buried by the church at Predjama,and planted a linden on the grave, which stands to this day. In front ofthe church, which was probably built on the orders of Erasmus' father inthe 15th century, there is indeed an old linden, now completely hollow.Later on, at a time when medieval castles were being abandoned andstarting to fall into disrepair, the counts of Cobenzl built the Renaissanceentrance tower, and the castle acquired the appearance it retainstoday. The last owners were the princes of Windischgrätz, who used it asa hunting lodge. Since the Second World War it has been in state ownership,and in 1999 it was declared a cultural monument. Caretakers livedin it until 1989.Officially the castle is named Jama (Cave), since apart from the entrancetower, it lies entirely inside the cave. Its walls seem almost naturallywelded to the rock face behind it, which is green from mould andwet in places, since water flows every which way in that cave environment.In the spring and autumn months the humidity is more than 80percent, so every year at least a third of the castle needs to be pluggedup and whitewashed. The entrance to the castle was no doubt originallyvia a ladder to the second floor, which on a steep slope was a commonsubstitute for a moat and drawbridge, something that came later, whenthe more peaceful conditions allowed the movement of the entrance tothe first floor and ultimately to the ground floor. The castle was continuouslyexpanded and rebuilt, so today there remain quite a few puzzles– such as a door leading nowhere. It was once thought that expansionwas from the cave outwards, but after the last renovation in 1989 it wasconcluded that first came the central part of today’s castle, then in fearof someone actually breaching the metre-and-a-half thick walls, theyconstructed the deeper, cave section, abandoning it later and constructingthe entrance tower, which in fact is the only part situated pred jamo,

( 93 )that is, in front of the cave. The entrances to the first and second storeyscan clearly be seen on the former external wall of the castle.Today it is toured each year by around 110,000 visitors, who usuallyinclude it as part of a trip to Postojna Cave. They are usually stirredmost by the torture chamber and the judgement hall, with its deepchasm into which, it is thought, the condemned were thrown. In thecave at the back of the castle, on the ceiling you can see steel versionsof the water collection system used in medieval times to catch waterand channel it throughout the castle. From there, cave guides takesmall groups through Erasmus' Passage, which is just 37 metres long,but almost vertical, so visitors must be harnessed to ropes.Several times a day, visitors can also enter the lower cave, 25 metresbelow the castle entrance, light their way with flashlights through partof the cave system, and then come back out into daylight 25 metresabove the castle. Inside the cave you can see the signatures of visitorsfrom the 16th century onwards, and this is also home to 12 species ofbat, which are protected, so the cave is closed during their hibernationperiod. The upper section is called Fiženca, after the Slovene word forfig, since according to tradition a fig tree once grew at the exit, wherethe warmer air from the cave provided shelter from the winter chill. Byspecial arrangement, groups can also undertake a more difficult tourthat lasts up to five hours.The main public event below Predjama Castle is the annual ErasmusKnights' Tournament, a two-day medieval spectacle in July, featuringduels and shows, and a night-time siege of fire around the castle. Thisevent is attended by around 10,000 people.Predjama Castle continues to stir up spirits today. Literally. A few yearsago a team of ghost hunters from the USA visited the castle, and not onlyfound ghosts, but recorded them. Mainly, of course, in the torture chamber.Since that time, interest in “Predjama ghosts” has been growing.And the cave environment continues to offer its own extraordinaryfeatures. The same thermal system that supposedly kept the fig treealive, now provides snowdrops, which grow in the meadow in front ofthe castle – at Christmas time.A

LJUBLJANAIvan Hribar,,župan, ki je obnovilpo potresu porušeno mesto( 94 )Besedilo: Alja Bukovec Fotografije: iz arhiva Zmaga Tančiča

Ivan Hribar velja za legendarnega župana inima v zgodovini Ljubljane posebno mesto zaradidoprinosa k njenemu razvoju. Z arhitekturno-urbanističnoprenovo v času njegovega županovanjaje mesto poleg mnogih infrastrukturnihnovosti, ki so pomenile pomemben korak k modernideželni prestolnici, dobilo tudi veliko narodnopomembnih poslopij in novo secesijsko podobo.Magistrat je Ivan Hribar prevzel leta 1896 na prvihvolitvah, in to po katastrofalnem potresu, ki je Ljubljanoprizadel na velikonočno nedeljo 14. aprila 1895.Zaradi več kot tisoč porušenih ali poškodovanih hiš seje mesto znašlo pred izzivom izrednega obsega in Ivan Hribar, ki je bilv času potresa mestni svetnik, je že takrat z močno voljo in vizijo bodočeLjubljane aktivno stopil v osredje mestne politike in pripomogel kureditvi razmer, da je življenje v mestu kar se da hitro steklo naprej. Zanjegovo aktivno delovanje so ga na naslednjih volitvah nagradili z izvolitvijoza župana mesta Ljubljane. Magistrat mu je prepustil župan PeterGrasselli in tako je Hribar postal drugi župan slovenske narodnosti vzgodovini mesta Ljubljane.Bil je gospodarstvenik, politik, pesnik, prevajalec, pisatelj, svojosposobnost pa je dokazal tudi z izredno uspešnostjo pri poslu; formalnoje sicer končal le nižjo gimnazijo, nadalje pa se je izobraževal sam obdelu. Svojo prvo zaposlitev je dobil pri zastopniku praške banke Slavijev Ljubljani, kjer je hitro napredoval. Služboval je na njenih zastopstvihv Ljubljani, Pragi, Brnu, na Dunaju in v Trstu. Izkušnje iz bančništvaje spretno uporabil pri zbiranju finančnih virov iz tedanjega središčaavstroogrske monarhije in pridobivanjem novih investitorjev za obnovoLjubljane, tako da je bilo za časa njegovega županovanja (1896–1910)obdobje živahne gradnje – mestni stavbni volumen se je takrat več kotpodvojil. Tako je uspel katastrofalni davek potresa izkoristiti za koreniteurbanistične in gradbene posege.Popotresne obnove se je mestna oblast, čeprav so okoliščine zahtevalenaglo ukrepanje, lotila premišljeno. Za normalizacijo stanja so razpisalijavni razpis za nov regulacijski načrt, ki bi hkrati odprl pot novi modernimestni ureditvi. Predlog za obnovo je prvi predložil slavni urbanistCamillo Sitte z Dunaja. Za njim sta svoji viziji predstavila še takratnisodelavec Otta Wagnerja in profesor na dunajski tehnični univerziMaks Fabiani ter arhitekt Kranjske stavbinjske družbe v Ljubljani, AdolfWolf. Najbolj jih je navdušil Fabianijev načrt z okrožno cesto ali s t. i.ringom po zgledu Dunaja, Gradca in drugih mest, ki je obkrožil notranjozaključeno mestno enoto in jo ločil od zunanjih predmestnih. Čepravje bil načrt le delno uresničen, so nekateri njegovi predlogi aktualni šedandanes.Arhitekt Maks Fabiani je na razvoj Ljubljane vplival ne le z idejami zaregulacijo mesta, pač pa je pomemben tudi njegov odnos do ohranjanjazgodovinske zapuščine mesta. Cenil je zaključeno celoto baročne stareLjubljane in z namenom, da se ohranita usklajena arhitekturna podobain višinska dominanta Ljubljanskega gradu, je priporočil tudi stavbnovišino treh nadstropij v središču mesta.Arhitekturo po potresu je zaznamovalo več stilov. Za gradnjo novihreprezentativnih družbenih poslopij je veljalo mnenje, da so najboljprimerni tradicionalni historični slogi. V neorenesančnem slogu smotako dobili deželni dvorec, opero, narodni muzej in druge stavbe. Vtem času se je po Evropi uveljavljal tudi nov slog, njegov nosilec pa jebilo predvsem moderno meščanstvo. Po letu 1898 tako tudi pri nasnajdemo prva arhitekturna dela z značilnostmiumetnosti fin-de-siecla, ki so med Prešernovimtrgom in železniško postajo nadomestila v potresu( 95 )

{ LJUBLJANA }( 96 )poškodovane hiše. V ta sklop secesijske Ljubljane spadajo stavbaMestne hranilnice ljubljanske, hotel Union arhitekta Josipa Vancaša,prva veleblagovnica v mestu – Urbančeva hiša – arhitekta FriedrichaSiegmundta, Fabianijeva Bambergova hiša, Hribarjeva hiša in mnogedruge, ki skupaj tvorijo še tretjo zaključeno slogovno celoto – secesijskoLjubljano.Kakšne so bileHribarjeve oblikovnepreference, ni znano,pač pa naj bi bila nanjnaredila velik vtis Pragas svojimi številnimistolpiči. Zato lahkopredvidevamo, da jeimel besedo pri podobivogalnih zaključkov hišokrog takrat urejenegaMiklošičevega parkapred Sodiščem (Čudnovahiša, Krisperjeva hiša indruge). V njegovi vizijirazvoja mesta je bilapredvsem najprej ureditevtemelje infrastrukturein modernizacijamesta, spodbujanjegospodarske rasti zadvig materialnih razmerin ravni izobrazbe, karnaj bi vodilo v duhovnoneodvisnost slovenskeganaroda. Hribar je tako vpopotresni obnovi uredilvodovod in kanalizacijo,za katero je poskrbelže pred potresom in zazasluge pri tem dobilleta 1890 naziv častnegameščana Ljubljane.Zgradil je prvo ljubljanskoelektrarno, mesto jedobilo javno cestnorazsvetljavo in novoobliko javnega prometa –tramvaj. Infrastrukturne novosti so vplivale na hitrejšo urbanizacijo inindustrializacijo mesta, ki se je počasi spreminjalo v moderno deželnoprestolnico.Hribar je bil spreten prekupčevalec s posestvi tudi v privatnemživljenju. Njegova hčerka dr. Zlata Hribar je v svojem zapisu ob razstaviMestnega muzeja leta 1997 o svojem očetu zapisala, da je bil dobergospodar, ki je z veseljem gradil in ustvarjal kaj novega. Svojo prvo hišoje zgradil v Cerkljah, zatem je bila leta 1907 po načrtih Maksa Fabianijadokončana Hribarjeva hiša na Slovenski cesti v Ljubljani, prepoznavnapo svoji valoviti fasadi. Le-to je bil med prvo svetovno vojno prisiljenprodati in kupiti vilo Zlatico v Rožni dolini. Poslopje je takoj, ko je bilomogoče, posodobil in dokupil sosednji vrt. Načrt za prenovo je pripravilJosip Costaperaria, znanarhitekt ljubljanskegamodernega meščanstva,ki je hiši dodal prizidekna vrtni strani in vhodnidel. Vila Zlatica sedajčaka na novo poglavje,saj je po želji pokojneHribarjeve hčere, ki jevilo zapustila državi, vpripravi načrt za obnovože močno dotrajanehiše. V njej naj biMestni muzej razstavilzbirko zgodovinskodragocenih Hribarjevihpredmetov in uredilzapuščino ljubljanskegameščanstva. Leta 1936 jedal zgraditi še svoj zadnjiprojekt, vilo Sončnicona Bledu, kjer je zopetsodeloval z arhitektomCostaperario.Tako kot je bilonjegovo življenjepolno izzivov, kijih je premagovalz odločnostjo inneustavljivo energijo,je tudi njegov konecnekako v stilu. 18. aprila1941 je namreč zaradiprizadetosti ob okupacijiLjubljane pri svojihdevetdesetih letih zavitv jugoslovansko zastavoskočil v Ljubljanico. Natem mestu je danes po njem poimenovano Hribarjevo nabrežje, kjer solani odkrili kip, delo akademskega kiparja Mirsada Begića, ki predstavljaIvana Hribarja v trenutku, ko z Dunaja prejme pismo, v katerem jezapisana cesarjeva podpora pri obnovi popotresne Ljubljane.

foto: Alja Bukovec( 97 )

{ LJUBLJANA }Ivan Hribar,the Mayor who Rebuilt fromthe Rubble of the EarthquakeText: Alja BukovecPhotography: Zmago Tančič Archives( 98 )Ivan Hribar is regarDeD as a legenDarY MaYOr WhO hOlDs aspecial place in Ljubljana’s history thanks to his contribution to thecity’s development. The architectural and urban renewal duringthe period when he was mayor allowed the city to acquire not justa range of new infrastructure that signified a major step towards becominga modern provincial capital, but also a large number of buildings ofnational importance and a new appearance reflecting the style of theVienna Secession.Hribar was elected mayor in 1896, in the first mayoral elections afterthe catastrophic earthquake that hit Ljubljana on 14 April 1895 – EasterSunday. With more than a thousand buildings destroyed or damaged,the city faced a challenge of extraordinary dimensions, and Ivan Hribar,who was a city councillor at the time of the earthquake, came to the foreof city politics with what was, even then, strong will and vision for thefuture of Ljubljana, and helped to bring some order to the city so its lifecould continue as smoothly as possible. His active efforts were rewardedat the next elections, when he was voted in as mayor of the city ofLjubljana, taking over from Peter Grasselli at the Town Hall and becomingonly the second mayor of Slovene ethnicity in Ljubljana’s history.Hribar was a businessman, politician, poet, translator and writer, andhe demonstrated his abilities through his extraordinary success in business;formally he only completed lower grammar school education, butwhile employed he continued his education on his own after work. Heobtained his first employment with the agent of the Prague bank Slavija

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{ LJUBLJANA }( 100 )in Ljubljana, where he gained rapid promotion. He worked in the bank’sbranches in Ljubljana, Prague, Brno, Vienna and Trieste. He skilfullyemployed his experiences from banking in garnering sources of financefrom the then centre of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and in securingnew investors for the renewal of Ljubljana, which made his terms asmayor (1896-1910)a period of livelyconstruction. Duringthis time thephysical volume ofbuildings in the citymore than doubled.In this way he wasable to exploit thecatastrophic toll ofthe earthquake forradical urban planningand constructionprojects.Although thecircumstances demandedimmediateaction, the postearthquakerenewalwas tackled prudentlyby the cityauthorities. In orderto bring the situationback to normal,a public tender wasissued for a new regulatoryplan, whichwould at the sametime open up theway for a new, modernarrangement ofthe city. A proposalfor renewal was firstsubmitted by thefamous Viennese urbanplanner CamilloSitte. Followinghim, specific visionswere presented bythe then associateof Otto Wagner andprofessor at the Vienna Technical University, Max Fabiani, and by thearchitect of the Carniolan Buildings Society in Ljubljana, Adolf Wolf. Thegreatest enthusiasm was generated by Fabiani’s plan, with its circular orring road along the lines of Vienna, Graz and other cities, which circledthe complete inner urban unit and separated it from the outer suburbs.Although the plan was only partly implemented, some of its ideas arestill current today.The architect Max Fabiani influenced the development of Ljubljananot just through his ideas for regulating the city, but also through hisapproach to preserving the historical legacy of the city. He valued theintegrity of thebaroque Old Town,and in order to preservea harmoniousarchitectural appearanceand the toweringeminence ofLjubljana Castle, healso recommendeda building height ofthree storeys in thecity centre.Post-earthquakearchitecture wascharacterised byseveral styles.Regarding the constructionof newprestigious publicbuildings, the prevalentopinion wasthat traditional historicalstyles werethe most appropriate.Thus the city acquireda provincialpalace, opera house,national museumand other buildingsin the Neo-Renaissance style.At this time a newstyle was also becomingestablishedacross Europe, andits champions wereprimarily the newurban middle class.After 1898 we canthus identify thefirst architecturalworks featuring fin-de-siècle art, which replaced buildings damaged bythe earthquake between Prešeren Square and the railway station. Ljubljana’sSecession-style buildings include the Ljubljana City Savings Bank,the Hotel Union by architect Josip Vancaš, the Urbanc building – the firstdepartment store in the city – by architect Friedrich Siegmundt, Fabiani’s

( 101 )Bamberg building, the Hribar building and many others, which togetherform a stylistic whole.Precisely what Hribar’s own design preferences were is not known, buthe was apparently greatly influenced by Prague, with its numerous littletowers. We may therefore imagine that he had some say in the appearanceof the buildings around the newly laid-out Miklošič Park in front of theLaw Courts (the Čuden and Krisper buildings and others). At the forefrontof his vision for developing the city was the arrangement of basic infrastructureand modernisation of the city, and the promotion of economicgrowth to raise material standards and the level of education, whichwould lead to the spiritual independence of the Slovene nation. In thepost-earthquake renewal, Hribar thus saw to the arrangement of mainswater and sewerage, something he had worked to ensure even before theearthquake, thereby earning for himself in 1890 the title of Citizen of Honourof Ljubljana. He oversaw the construction of the first Ljubljana powerstation, the city’s acquisition of street lighting and a new form of publictransport – a tram service. The new infrastructure contributed to the morerapid urbanisation and industrialisation of the city, which gradually developedinto a modern provincial capital.Hribar was also a skilful property dealer in his private life. In her notesfor the exhibition at the City Museum in 1997, his daughter Dr ZlataHribar wrote of her father that he was a good businessman who was veryhappy to build and create anew. He built his first house in Cerklje, thenthe Hribar building, constructed to plans by Max Fabiani and famous forits undulating façade, was completed on Slovenska Cesta in Ljubljanain 1907. He was forced to sell this during the First World War, and hepurchased the Villa Zlatica in the Rožna Dolina area. As soon as he could,he modernised the building and acquired the neighbouring garden. Therenovation plans were drawn up by Josip Costaperaria, a famous architectof Ljubljana’s modern urban middle class, who added to the building astructure on the garden side and an entrance section. Villa Zlatica is currentlyawaiting a new chapter, since according to the wishes of Hribar’snow deceased daughter, who left the villa to the state, plans are beingdrawn up for the renovation of the seriously deteriorated building. In thefuture the villa will be used to house an exhibition of items of historicalvalue connected to Hribar and the legacy of Ljubljana’s burgher class. In1936 he commissioned the construction of his last project, Villa Sončnicain Bled, where he again collaborated with Costaperaria.Just as his life was full of challenges, which he overcame through determinationand indefatigable energy, his end came in something of thesame style. On 18 April 1941, faced with the blow of the wartime occupationof Ljubljana, he wrapped himself in the Yugoslav flag and jumpedinto the River Ljubljanica. He was ninety years old. Today the embankmentwhere he died is called the Hribar Embankment, and last year astatue was unveiled here in his honour. It is the work of Academy-trainedsculptor Mirsad Begić, who portrayed Ivan Hribar at the moment whenhe received a letter from Vienna registering the Emperor’s support for therenewal of post-earthquake Ljubljana.A

( 102 )Kamčatka

Vijuganjepo zasneženihdeviških strminah( 103 )Vijuganje po deviškem snegu dalečstran od civilizacije hitro zasvojivsakega smučarja. Potem, kosmučanje po večini prestižnih evropskihin severnoameriških smučiščih postane ževečkrat prebrana knjiga, je helikopterskosmučanje izziv, ki se mu le težko upreš, sajje dostopnost zasneženih deviških strminv visokogorju resnična avantura, vrednaprav vsake minute, ki jo preživiš na spustihv dolino. Potrebno je imeti le srečo zvremenom in zaupati pilotom ter gorskimvodnikom, ki jim v tistih nekaj dneh, ko si vdivjini, zaupaš svoje življenje.Besedilo in fotografije: Aleš Fevžer

{ Kamčatka }( 104 )Moja pot z Adrio Airways od Brnika do Moskve je minilahitro v primerjavi z enajsturnim nadaljevanjem proti Petropavlovskuna Kamčatki. Prostorni Iljušin je bil povsem zasedenin poleg domačinov je bilo na njem precej tujcev v smučarskih bundah, kiso klepetali v različnih jezikih.»Dežela ognja in ledu«, kot domačini imenujejo Kamčatko, nas jepričakala v oblačnem vremenu, a nas je vodič Kolja pozdravil s širokimnasmehom in od sonca ožganim obrazom, kar je bil dober obet. Polurnavožnja do hotela v Paratunki na obronku mesta je minila med spoznavanjemnovih prijateljev z vseh koncev sveta. Že popoldanski teoretični inpraktični pouk o uporabi opreme za reševanje v primeru plazu ali nesrečein pripomočkov za varno smučanje nas je napolnil z adrenalinom. Medskupno večerjo smo že klepetali kot velika družina, čeprav smo bili zbraniz vseh vetrov: Francozi, Italijani, Švicarji, Nemci, Angleži, Avstralec, par zNove Zelandije, Američani, majhna skupina Rusov in dva Slovenca. Komajsmo čakali na naslednje jutro, ko smo takoj po zajtrku odšli na zasneženopolje tik ob hotelu, kamor se je čez nekaj minut spustil orjaški MI-8 z bližnjegaletališča. Dvanajst smučarjev in trije vodniki smo v notranjost jeklenegaptiča hitro zložili vso opremo in dva zaboja s hrano ter se v nekajminutah leta povzpeli nad bližnje hribe. Prvi spusti so bili bolj kratki in soslužili ogrevanju za kasnejše daljše in zahtevnejše terene, na katerih smopresmučali do osemsto višinskih metrov med vsakim spustom. Osemkratsmo se dvignili pod oblake in vsakič pristali drugje, tako da smo cel dansmučali po deviškem snegu. Ko so se sredi dneva oglasili lačni želodci, jebil čas za kosilo in prava mala gostija na snegu (surov losos, topla juha,domač kruh, salama, sir, sadje, sokovi, energijske ploščice in razni priboljški)je poskrbela, da je tudi preostanek dneva minil v dobrem razpoloženju,pa čeprav je narava popoldne pokazala zobe in smo komaj ušli manjšemusnežnemu plazu, ki se je sprožil pod našimi nogami. Kljub temu daje prvi vodnik že preizkusil teren in sta dva izmed nas že prismučala v dolino,se je pod robniki naslednjega smučarja začela dogajati prava drama.Prerezal je vrhnjo plast snega in videti je bilo, kot da se je hrib pod njimzačel premikati. Na srečo smo vsi hitro dojeli, kaj se dogaja in odsmučalina varno. Plaz zaradi svoje velikosti ni bil življenjsko nevaren. Vsi pa smobili opremljeni z ABS napihljivimi nahrbtniki, ki v primeru nesreče služijokot zračna blazina v avtomobilu; a vsaka poškodba, ki ti lahko preprečinadaljnje smučanje, je lahko precej neprijetna. Večerni obisk savne in kopanjev bazenu s termalno vodo pred hotelom sta bila pravšnja sprostitevpo adrenalina polnem dnevu.Novo jutro ni prineslo dobrih novic, saj je močan veter pomenil prevelikonevarnost za letenje. Čakanje na izboljšanje je trajalo cel dan, a ker tudipo kosilu ni kazalo, da se bo veter umiril, smo preostanek sončne svetlobenamenili krajšemu izletu s turnimi smučmi. Tudi naslednji dan je bil veterpremočan in postajali smo vse bolj slabe volje, saj smo z vso opremo dvakratzaman čakali pred vrati. Popoldne smo preživeli na majhnem lokalnemsmučišču in se med potjo nazaj na vaški tržnici preobjedli kaviarja, kije bil smešno poceni.Ko smo že malce podvomili, če sta se dolga pot in časovna razlika, zaradikatere smo se prve dni zbujali sredi noči, izplačali, je sledil eden najlepšihsmučarskih dni v mojem življenju. Hladno jutro se je razvilo v čudovitdan in med poletom proti 2741 metrov visokemu vrhu delujočega ognjeni-

( 105 )ka Avačinski smo bili prijetno vznemirjeni. Med spustom s smučmi smozavili malo iz smeri in se zelo previdno približali robu kraterja, iz kateregase je valil gost dim. Žveplo je smrdelo po gnilih jajcih in hitro smo se odpravilidalje, saj sta nas čakala več kot tisoč višinskih metrov spusta ponedotaknjeni belini in še cel dan letenja. Večino dneva smo preživeli nagrebenu, s katerega se je videl skoraj celoten zaliv Avača – to je nekakšennaravni valobran, ki ščiti Petropavlovsk pred valovi Ohotskega morja.Sledilo je še nekaj smučarskih dni, ki so nasitili naše želje po užitkih vpršiču, zato se je poslovilna zabava zadnji večer pred odhodom domovzavlekla daleč v jutranje ure. Skovali smo mnoge načrte, saj je na svetu ševeliko podobnih helikopterskih priložnosti, ki so vredne obiska. Na vrhuspiska je Kanada s svojimi prostranstvi pa Aljaska, Kavkaz, Uzbekistan,Čile, Nova Zelandija, Indija, Nepal in še mnoge druge države, ki ponujajosmučarske avanture, za katere je vredno živeti. In smučati.{ Kamčatka }

{ Kamchatka }SkiingDownVirginSlopesText and photography: Aleš Fevžer( 106 )Skiing on virgin snow, far from civilisation, is something thatany skier can easily get hooked on. When skiing in the majority ofprestigious European and North American ski resorts is a book youhave already read too many times, then heli-skiing is a challenge thatis hard to resist, since access to slopes covered with virgin snow in highmountain areas is a real adventure that is worth every minute that youspend on your descents into the valley. All you need is a bit of luck withthe weather and confidence in the pilots and mountain guides to whomyou entrust your life for those few days you spend in the wilderness.My journey with Adria Airways from Ljubljana to Moscow passedquickly in comparison to the eleven-hour continuation in the direction ofPetropavlovsk in the Kamchatka Peninsula, in the Russian Far East. Thecapacious Ilyushin was completely full. As well as locals there were quitea number of foreigners in ski jackets, chatting in a variety of languages.“The Land of Fire and Ice” as the locals call Kamchatka was waiting forus beneath a cloudy sky, but our guide Kolya welcomed us with a broadsmile and a sunburnt face, which seemed to bode well. The half-hourdrive to the hotel in Paratunka, a resort area not far from the city, wasspent making new friends from all over the world. Even the afternoonbriefing and practical demonstration of the use of rescue equipmentin the case of an avalanche or accident and aids to safe skiing filled uswith adrenalin. During the communal dinner we were already chattingaway like one big family, even though we came from all over the world:French, Italian, Swiss, German, British, one Australian, a couple fromNew Zealand, Americans, a small group of Russians and two Slovenes.We could hardly wait for the next morning. Straight after breakfast weset off to a snow-covered field next to the hotel, where a few minuteslater a giant MI-8 helicopter from the nearby airfield came in to land. Ourgroup consisted of twelve skiers and three guides. We quickly loadedour equipment and two crates of food into the steel bird and after a few

{ Kamchatka }( 107 )

{ Kamchatka }( 108 )minutes of flying we were already climbing up over the nearby hills. Thefirst descents were shorter and served as a warm-up for the longer andmore difficult runs to come, where the altitude difference between thestart and finish points was as much as 800 metres. Eight times we roseup below the clouds, landing somewhere different each time, so that wewere skiing on virgin snow the whole day. When our stomachs startedrumbling at around midday it was time for lunch and a real little banqueton the snow (raw salmon, hot soup, home-baked bread, salami, cheese,fruit, fruit juices, energy tablets and various other goodies) that put us ina good mood for the rest of the day – despite the fact that nature showedits teeth later that afternoon and we were lucky to escape a minor avalanchethat was triggered right where we were standing. Even thoughthe first guide had already tested the terrain and two of our number hadalready skied down into the valley, a real drama started to take placebeneath the edges of the next skier’s skis. He cut through the top layer ofsnow and suddenly the hill beneath him seemed to move. Fortunatelywe quickly realised what was happening and we skied away to safety. Itssmall size meant that the avalanche was not a deadly one, and we wereall equipped with ABS inflatable backpacks which function like an airbagin a car in the case of an accident, but any injury that can prevent youfrom skiing is quite unpleasant enough. An evening visit to the saunaand a swim in the thermal pool in front of the hotel was the perfect relaxationafter an adrenalin-filled day.The next morning brought bad news, since the strong wind meantit was too dangerous to fly. We spent most of the day waiting for theweather to improve, but since the wind showed no sign of dying downeven after lunch, we took advantage of what was left of the daylight fora brief excursion on touring skis. The wind was still too strong the nextday and our mood started to worsen after we had twice waited in vain atthe door with all our equipment. We spent the afternoon in a small localski area and stopped at the villagemarket on the way back to stuffourselves with caviar, which wasridiculously cheap.Just as we were beginningto wonder whether it had beenworth the long journey and thetime difference that had us wakingup in the middle of the nightfor the first couple of days, wewere rewarded with one of themost wonderful days of skiingI have ever experienced. A coldmorning turned into a gloriousday and during the flight towardsthe peak of Avachinsky, an activevolcano 2,741 metres high, wewere tingling with anticipation.During our descent we turned offthe route a little and very carefullyapproached the edge of the crater,from which thick smoke curled into the sky. The sulphur stank of rotteneggs and we quickly moved away. A descent of over a thousand metresacross untouched snow awaited us, and a whole day of flying. We spentmost of the day on a ridge from which we could see almost the whole ofAvacha Bay, a kind of natural breakwater protecting Petropavlovsk fromthe waves of the Sea of Okhotsk. A few more days’ skiing followed, satisfyingour desire for the pleasures of powder, and then a farewell party onthe last evening before our departure home that went on into the smallhours. We hatched lots of plans with our new friends, because there aremany similar heli-ski adventures around the world that are well worthtrying. At the top of the list is Canada with its vast expanses of wilderness.And then Alaska, the Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Chile, New Zealand, India,Nepal and many other countries, all offering skiing adventures thatmake living worthwhile. And skiing.A

S L O V E N I J ANekaj osnovnih podatkovpovršina (v km 2 ) 20 273gozdovi 10 124travniki 5 593polja in vrtovi 2 471sadovnjaki 363vinogradi 216dolžina meje (v km)s Hrvaško 546z Avstijo 324z Italijo 235z Madžarsko 102obala (v km) 46,6A few factsterritory area (in sq. km) 20273forests 10124grassland 5593fields and gardens 2471orchards 363vineyards 216border length (in km)with Croatia 546with Austria 324with Italy 235with Hungary 102coastline (in km) 46.6najvišja točkaTriglav2864 mhighest pointTriglav2864 mgostota naseljenosti(prebivalcev/km) 98prebivalstvoglavno mesto2 milijonaLjubljanavečja mesta: Maribor, Celje, Kranj, Velenjepodnebje: alpsko, celinsko, sredozemskojezik: Uradni jezik je slovenščina, na območjih z mešanim prebivalstvompa tudi madžarščina in italijanščina. Pri stiku s tujci uporabljajoprebivalci Slovenije največkrat angleščino, nemščino,italijanščino in francoščino.denarna valuta: Denarna valuta je evro (EUR). Tuje valute lahkozamenjate na mejnih prehodih, v bankah, menjalnicah in hotelih.population density(inhabitants/km) 98populationcapital2 millionLjubljanamajor towns: Maribor, Celje, Kranj, Velenjeclimate: Alpine, Continental, Mediterraneanlanguage: The official language is Slovene, as well as Hungarian andItalian in areas of mixed population. People who live in Slovenia mostcommonly use English to communicate with foreigners, then German,Italian and French.currency: The currency is the euro (EUR). Foreign currency may beexchanged at border crossings, in banks, exchange offices and hotels.prazniki1. in 2. januar novo leto8. februar Prešernov dan,slovenski kulturni praznik8. april velika noč27. april dan upora proti okupatorju(druga svetovna vojna)1. in 2. maj praznik dela25. junij dan državnosti15. avgust Marijino vnebovzetje31. oktober dan reformacije1. november dan spomina na mrtve25. december božič26. december dan samostojnostiholidaysJanuary 1 & 2February 8April 8April 27May 1 & 2June 25August 15October 31November 1December 25December 26New Year’s HolidayPrešeren Day,Slovene Day of CultureEaster Sunday and MondayDay of Uprising Against the Occupation (WW2)Labour DayPentecostStatehood DayAssumption DayReformation DayAll Saints’ DayChristmas DayIndependence Day

EVROPAEUROPERedni poleti / Scheduled FlightsZimski in poletni vozni redIz/from LJUBLJANA/Brnik Nm/km Čas poleta/Flight time(A320/CRJ)Čarterski poleti / Charter FlightsWinter and summer timetablesIz/from LJUBLJANA/Brnik Nm/km Čas poleta/Flight time(A320/CRJ)Amsterdam 606/1122 1.35 hBanjaluka 157/291 0.45 hBarcelona 686/1270 1.46 hBelgrade 267/494 0.65 hBrussels 559/1035 1.26 hCopenhagen 641/1187 1.39 hFrankfurt 420/778 1.07 hIstanbul 781/1446 1.53 hManchester 868/1608 2.11 hMoscow (Sheremetyevo) 1120/2074 2.35 hMunich 224/415 0.41 hPristina 622/1150 1.50 hPodgorica 365/676 1.25 hSarajevo 222/411 0.41 hSkopje 413/765 1.07 hStockholm 910/1685 2.35 hTirana 474/878 1.14 hVienna 153/283 0.30 hZürich 334/619 0.56 hVienna - Frankfurt 358/663 1.10 hIz/from PRIŠTINAFrankfurt 930/1722 2.50 hMunich 646/1196 2.00 hAntalya 966/1789 2.35 hAqaba 1454/2692 3.18 hCairo 1276/2363 3.25 hChios 738/1367 2.10 hDjerba 796/1474 2.20 hDubrovnik 292/541 1.05 hHeraklion 832/1540 2.15 hHurghada 1533/2839 3.45 hIbiza 799/1480 2.20 hKarpathos 996/1844 2.35 hKefalonija 585/1083 1.45 hKerkira (Corfu) 523/968 1.35 hKos 873/1616 2.20 hLarnaca 1197/2216 3.00 hLefkas (Preveza) 567/1050 1.40 hLesbos (Mitiline) 746/1381 2.10 hMalta 670/1241 2.00 hMenorca 646/1196 1.55 hMykonos 793/1468 1.56 hPalma de Mallorca 723/1339 2.10 hRhodos 947/1753 2.30 hSamos 823/1524 2.10 hSantorini 836/1548 2.15 hSharm el Sheikh 1505/2787 3.45 hSkiatos 632/1170 1.50 hThassos (Kavala) 563/1043 1.45 hTel Aviv 1286/2382 2.57 hThessaloniki 571/1057 1.24 hZakinthos 632/1170 1.50hAdria Airways has used the map of Europe exclusively as an illustration of its flight connections and without any political or other implications.

Adria Airways{ Adria Airways }Flota/FleetAirbus A319Število/Total 2Dolžina/Length33.84 mVišina/Height11.76 mRazpon kril/Wingspan34.10 mHitrost/Cruising speed900 km/hVišina poleta/Max. altitude11 700 mDolet/Range6 650 kmŠt. potnikov/Passenger capacity 135Airbus A320( 118 )Število/Total 1Dolžina/Length37.57 mVišina/Height11.75 mRazpon kril/Wingspan31.10 mHitrost/Cruising speed900 km/hVišina poleta/Max. altitude11 700 mDolet/Range3 890 kmŠt. potnikov/Passenger capacity 180Canadair Regional Jet 900Število/Total 4Dolžina/Length32.50 mVišina/Height7.57 mRazpon kril/Wingspan23.20 mHitrost/Cruising speed882 km/hVišina poleta/Max. altitude12 496 mDolet/Range3 600 kmŠt. potnikov/Passenger capacity 86Canadair Regional Jet 200 LRŠtevilo/Total 6Dolžina/Length26.77 mVišina/Height6.22 mRazpon kril/Wingspan21.21 mHitrost/Cruising speed860 km/hVišina poleta/Max. altitude12 496 mDolet/Range3 285 kmŠt. potnikov/Passenger capacity 48/50Ilustracije: Miha Žnidar

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{ Adria Airways }Dobrodošli v letalu Adrie AirwaysSpoštovani potniki, vaše zadovoljstvo je naš uspeh. Da bi bilo potovanje z nami čim bolj prijetno, namdovolite, da vas opozorimo na nekaj napotkov, ki so pomembni za vaše udobje in varnost pred poletom,med letom in po pristanku.Pred poletomEkonomski in poslovni razredNa večini Adrijinih prog izmenično letijo letala tipa Airbus A-319, A-320,Canadair Regional Jet CRJ-200LR in CRJ-900.Vozovnica za potovanje v poslovnem razredu je izdana po veljavni tarifi zaposlovni razred in velja eno leto z možnostjo rezervacije, plačila in prevzemakadarkoli, omogoča pa tudi druge ugodnosti, kot so: sprememba datumovpotovanja brez doplačila, večja količina brezplačne prtljage, uporaba poslovnihsalonov na letališčih idr.V ekonomskem razredu potujejo potniki z vozovnicami po ekonomskihtarifah, ki so nižje in vsebujejo določene omejitve.Nakup vozovnice prek spletaAdria Airways tudi na mobilnih telefonihVsem uporabnikom pametnih telefonov sporočamo, da si lahko na svojemmobilnem brskalniku nastavijo našo mobilno stran m.adria.si ali pa s skenerjemkod poskenirajo QR kodo.Če skenerja nimajo, si ga lahko naložijo na povezavi http://www.i-nigma.com/Downloadi-nigmaReader.html. Uporabniki iPhona pa to najdejo v iStore.Mobilna stran prinaša: spremljanje statusa letov, informacije o voznem redu,informacije o naših destinacijah in informacije o vremenu na destinacijah.Poleg tega pa na tej strani še lahko najdejo:vodič za potnike, turistični vodnik, naše kontakteter različne povezave do sledenja prtljage, iskanjaposlovnih salonov po letališčih in preverjanjamilj v klubu Miles&More.Seveda pa so tu še novice in najbolj vroče cenovneponudbe vozovnic ter “checkmytrip”, kjerlahko preverijo svoje potovanje.( 120 )Web Check-inV Adrii Airways se zavedamo, da je pri potovanju pogosto dragocena vsakaminuta. Še posebej takrat, kadar nas na poti na letališče ovira gost promet.Web check-in je naša novost, s katero boste prihranili čas pri okencu za prijavona let, saj se nanj lahko prijavite že od doma, z delovnega mesta oziromapovsod, kjer je vzpostavljena internetna povezava. Svoj planirani let lahkoprijavite največ 24 ur in najmanj 60 minut pred poletom. Storitev web checkinje trenutno možna le za določene lete Adrie Airways. V prihodnjih mesecihbomo obstoječim destinacijam postopoma dodajali še nove.Letalsko vozovnico lahko najceneje in hitro rezervirate in kupite na Adrijinihspletnih straneh www.adria.si. To velja le za polete na Adrijinih letih. Nakupprek interneta je zaščiten z varnostnim certifikatom. Elektronske vozovniceprejme potnik po elektronski pošti.V primeru, da potrebujete letalsko vozovnico, kjer bodo vključeni tudidrugi prevozniki, vas prosimo, da pokličete naš Klicni center za rezervacije inprodajo letalskih vozovnic na telefonski številki: 386 1 369 10 10 ali 080 13 00.Potujte z elektronsko vozovnicoNa vseh rednih poletih slovenskega letalskega prevoznika je možno leteti zelektronsko vozovnico.Potnik dobi ob nakupu potniški kupon, ki velja kot račun, in načrt poti(itinerar) v ovitku Adrie Airways. Dokument lahko prejme tudi na svoj elektronskinaslov in ga natisne sam. To dokumentacijo mora imeti s seboj vesčas potovanja. Pri okencu za prijavo na let se identificira s potnim listom aliosebno izkaznico. Uslužbenec izda potniku vstopni kupon za let, s katerim tavstopi v letalo. Elektronski način dokumentiranja prodaje zagotavlja sprotenvpogled v dogajanje z vozovico, hiter prenos podatkov in manjše možnostizlorab. Najpomembnejše pri tem pa je, da so potnikovi kuponi za let shranjeniv elektronski obliki in tako varni pred izgubo.Omejitve pri vnosu živil v EUPotnikom svetujemo, da pred potovanjem preverijo seznam artiklov, ki jihje mogoče vnesti na območje Evropske skupnosti. Strog nadzor nad uvozommesa, mleka, rib, lupinarjev ter njihovih izdelkov je nujen za zaščito ljudi inživali pred boleznimi, ki se lahko prenašajo s temi živili.V primeru, da carinska služba pri rutinskem pregledu osebne prtljage ugotoviprisotnost nedovoljenih živil živalskega izvora, le-ta zaseže. Informativniletak “Kaj prinesti domov?” vam je na voljo na naši spletni strani.Več informacij lahko dobite na Glavnem uradu VURS-a ali na njihovi spletnistrani www.vurs.gov.si v poglavju Javne objave/Uvoz živil za osebno rabo.Ročna prtljagaZaradi vaše varnosti in udobja vas vljudno prosimo, da upoštevate mednarodnapravila, ki potniku dovoljujejo imeti pri sebi en kos ročne prtljage vvelikosti 55 x 40 x 20 cm in z največjo težo osem kilogramov.Ročno prtljago namestite v za to namenjeni predal nad sedežem, težjekose pa, če je le mogoče, shranite pod sedež pred sabo. Priporočamo vam, dapredal s prtljago pazljivo odpirate, saj se lahko med poletom predmeti v njempremaknejo.Na letalih CRJ oddajte večjo ročno prtljago pred letalom. Tam jo takoj poizstopu iz letala tudi prevzemite.Varnostna pravilaEvropska unija (EU) je v letu 2006 sprejela nova varnostna pravila. Ta omejujejokoličino tekočin, ki jo lahko vzamete s seboj na letalo.V svoji ročni prtljagi lahko prenašate samo majhne količine tekočin, kimorajo biti shranjene v posamičnih posodah z največjo prostornino 100

{ Adria Airways }mililitrov. Te posode morate zapakirati v prozorno plastično vrečko, ki jo jemogoče znova zatesniti; prostornina vrečke posameznega potnika ne smebiti večja od enega litra. Med tekočine spadajo: voda in druge pijače; juhe insirupi; kreme, losjoni in olja; parfumi; razpršilci; geli, vključno z geli za lasein tuširanje; posode z vsebinami pod pritiskom, vključno s peno za britje terdrugimi penami in dezodoranti; kreme, vključno z zobno kremo; mešanicetekočih in trdnih snovi; črtalo za veke in tuš za trepalnice ter katerekoli drugesnovi s podobno vsebnostjo.Še vedno lahko tekočine prenašate v oddani prtljagi – nova pravila se nanašajosamo na ročno prtljago. V svoji ročni prtljagi lahko prenašate:• zdravila in nujno potrebna živila (vključno z otroško hrano), ki jih boste uporabljalimed potovanjem; morda boste morali dokazati, da jih nujno potrebujete;• tekočine, kot so pijače in parfumi (kupite jih lahko bodisi v prodajalni naletališču EU, ki je za točko, na kateri pokažete svoj vstopni kupon, ali pa naletalu, ki ga upravlja prevoznik EU).Če ste tekočine kupili zapakirane v posebni zatesnjeni vrečki, te vrečkepred pregledom ne odpirajte, sicer lahko varnostno osebje na kontrolnitočki njeno vsebino zaseže. (Če na letališču EU presedate na drug let, vrečkene odpirajte pred varnostnim pregledom na transfernem letališču ali nazadnjem letališču, če presedate več kot enkrat.)Če imate kakršnekoli dvome ali vprašanja, se pred potovanjem obrnite nasvojega letalskega prevoznika ali potovalno agencijo.Med letomNapotki za varnostZ najpomembnejšimi varnostnimi napotki vas bo pred poletom seznanilonaše kabinsko osebje, poleg tega pa boste v žepu sedeža pred sabo našli navodilaza postopke v sili. Ker se glede na tip letala ta navodila razlikujejo, vasprosimo, da jih pred vsakim poletom pazljivo preučite.Med vzletanjem in pristajanjem si morate pripeti varnostni pas, zaradi varnostiin udobja pa vam priporočamo, da ostanete pripeti tudi med poletom.Po pristanku počakajte na svojem sedežu, dokler se letalo popolnoma neustavi oziroma dokler ne ugasne znak za obvezno uporabo varnostnih pasov.Kapitan letala lahko podeli potniku, ki se v letalu neprimerno vede, takoimenovaniRDEČI KARTON. Ta je namenjen vsem, ki s svojim vedenjem ovirajodelo kabinskega osebja, ne spoštujejo varnostnih pravil ali pa ogrožajovarnost in udobje sopotnikov. Napad na varnost zračnega prometa je kaznivodejanje po 330. členu Kazenskega zakonika RS (KZ-1), ki za tovrstna dejanjapredpisuje zaporno kazen.Uporaba elektronskih napravV letalu ni dovoljeno uporabljati prenosnih telefonov (biti morajo popolnomaizključeni!), radijskih in televizijskih sprejemnikov, videoiger z daljinskimupravljanjem, računalniških tiskalnikov in drugih naprav, ki bi z elektromagnetnimivalovi lahko motile delovanje občutljivih letalskih instrumentov.Druge elektronske naprave, kot so prenosni računalniki, CD in DVD predvajalnikiter žepni kalkulatorji, je dovoljeno uporabljati le med poletom (če nepovzročajo motenj), med vzletanjem in pristajanjem pa ne. Prosimo vas, da sepred uporabo elektronskih naprav posvetujete s kabinskim osebjem in doslednoupoštevate njihove napotke.Nevarni predmetiPo mednarodnih varnostnih predpisih potnikom v letalu ni dovoljeno imeti(ne pri sebi ne v prtljagi) orožja in drugih nevarnih predmetov, kot so: vnetljivetekočine, pločevinke s stisnjenim ali utekočinjenim plinom, lahko vnetljivesnovi, vžigalice, ki niso označene kot varne, in podobno.Počutje in zdravjeVašemu dobremu počutju sta namenjena ventil za uravnavanje dotoka zrakain lučka za branje, ki sta nameščena nad sedežem. Tam je tudi pozivni gumb,s katerim lahko po potrebi pokličete stevardeso.V letalu je na voljo priročna lekarna, opremljena s sredstvi za nudenje prvepomoči. Med poletom lahko včasih v ušesih občutite neprijeten pritisk, do kateregaprihaja zaradi sprememb višine in zračnega pritiska v letalu; težavo bostezlahka odpravili s poudarjenim požiranjem sline ali z nakazanim zehanjem.Da bi se izognili težavam z ožiljem, ko gre za dolg polet, vam svetujemo,da se večkrat sprehodite po potniški kabini, med sedenjem pa delate vaje zaraztezanje celega telesa.Alkohol na letaluV letalu ni dovoljeno uživanje alkoholnih pijač, ki jih prinesete s sabo.Kabinsko osebje ne sme streči alkoholnih pijač osebam, ki kažejo znakevinjenosti, in osebam, mlajšim od 18 let. Dobronamerno vas opozarjamo, daalkohol zaradi nekoliko nižjega zračnega pritiska med poletom deluje na telohitreje in bolj intenzivno kot na tleh.Po pristankuZamujena, izgubljena ali poškodovana prtljagaČe bi med vašim potovanjem prišlo do nepravilnega ravnanja z vašo registriranoprtljago (velja tudi za prtljago, oddano pred letalom), zadevo takojpo prihodu prijavite na letališču pri ustrezni službi (Izgubljeno/Najdeno,Lost&Found, Arrival Service). Telefonska številka + 386 (0 ) 25 94 339.Center za stike s potnikiV Adrijinem Centru za stike s potniki lahko dobite vse informacije o našiponudbi in novostih, pa tudi pomoč ali nasvet.Sem lahko potniki posredujete pritožbo ali odškodninski zahtevek, veseli pabomo tudi pohvale. Na naš center se lahko obrnete osebno, pisno, po elektronskipošti prc@adria.si ali po telefonu na brezplačno številko 080 13 03 za kliceznotraj Slovenije oziroma kot doslej na telefonsko številko +386 (0)1 369 11 33.Najemi avtomobilov in hoteliNa Adrijini spletni strani smo pred kratkim dodali zavihka Rent-a-car inHoteli, ki vam omogočata najugodnejše najeme vozil in rezervacije hotelskihnamestitev. Zelo enostavno: obiščite www.adria.si in poiščite željeni zavihek.Na voljo je nekaj deset tisoč hotelskih objektov na vseh kontinentih, od tistihz eno zvezdico do prestižnih mednarodnih verig ter najemi vozil na več kot3.400 lokacijah v 128 državah po celem svetu.( 121 )

{ Adria Airways }Adria Airways Welcomes You Aboard( 122 )Dear passengers, your satisfaction is our success. In order to ensure that your Adria flight is as pleasantas possible, allow us to draw your attention to certain points that are important for your comfort and safetybefore take-off, during the flight and after landing.Before take-offEconomy and business classThe majority of Adria routes are served by the following aircraft: Airbus A319,A-320, Canadair Regional Jet CRJ-200LR and CRJ-900.A business-class ticket is issued according to the current business-classtariff and is valid for one year. The ticket can be booked, paid for and pickedup at any time and includes other advantages such as changing the date oftravel without additional charge, a larger free luggage allowance, the use ofbusiness lounges at airports, etc.Economy class is for passengers with economy-class tickets, which arecheaper and carry certain restrictions.Online ticketingThe cheapest and quickest way to book a flight and buy a ticket is to visitAdria's website at www.adria.si. This only applies to flights operated byAdria. Online purchases are protected by a security certificate. Passengersreceive their electronic tickets via e-mail.If you require a ticket that will also include other carriers, please contactour Call Centre for Reservations and Ticket Sales on: 386 1 369 10 10 or 080 13 00.Travel with an electronic ticketYou can travel with an electronic ticket on all Adria Airways scheduled flights.On purchasing a ticket, passengers receive a passenger coupon and itinerary inan Adria Airways cover. You can also receive the document via e-mail and printit yourself. You must keep this document with you throughout the journey. Atthe check-in, present your passport or identity card. The check-in personnel willissue you with your boarding pass. Electronic documentation of the ticket salemeans that the ticket status can be verified at any time. It also facilitates rapidtransfer of data and reduces the chance of abuse. Most importantly, there is nodanger of losing the boarding pass, since it is stored in electronic form.check-in service is a new service that lets you save time at the check-in desk:because you can check in from home or office – or anywhere with an Internet connection.You can check in as early as 24 hours and up to 60 minutes before yourscheduled departure time. Web check-in is currently only available on selectedAdria flights. In the coming months new destinations will gradually be added.Restrictions on bringing food into the EUWe advise passengers to check the list of articles that may be brought intothe EU before travelling. Strict controls of the import of meat, milk, fish,shellfish and products derived from them is necessary to protect people andanimals from the diseases that they can transmit.If customs officials discover prohibited foodstuffs of animal origin duringroutine luggage checks, they will be confiscated. The informative leaflet“What to bring home” is available on our website.More information is available from the Veterinary Administration of theRepublic of Slovenia or on its website http://www.vurs.gov.si/ under the sectionPublic Announcements/Import of Foodstuffs for Personal Use.Carry-on luggageFor your safety and comfort, we ask you to observe international rules thatpermit passengers to have one piece of carry-on luggage of a maximum sizeof 55 x 40 x 20 cm and a maximum weight of 8 kg.Carry-on luggage should be placed in the overhead bins. Heavier items maybe stored under the seat in front of you if possible.We recommend that you take care when opening the overhead bins asitems may have moved during the flight and may fall out.If your flight is on a CRJ aircraft, larger items of carry-on luggage must be surrenderedon boarding. They will be returned to you when you leave the aircraft.Adria Airways on mobile phonesTo all smartphone users – we would like to inform you that you can now setour mobile site, m.adria.si, on your mobile browser or scan your QR codewith the code scanner.If you do not have a code scanner, you can download it by clicking the followinglink http://www.i-nigma.com/Downloadi-nigmaReader.html. iPhoneusers can find this in the iStore.The mobile site provides information on the following: flight status, timetables,destinations and weather conditions.In addition, you will also find the following:travellers guide, tourist guide, our contact detailsand various links to: baggage tracking, searchesby airport business lounge, and frequent flyermiles in the Miles & More Club.Of course, you can also find news, the hottestticket price bids and “checkmytrip” where youcan check information on your trip.Web Check-inAt Adria we are aware that every minute is precious when you are travelling.Especially when heavy traffic holds you up on the way to the airport. The webEU airport security rulesIn 2006 the European Union adopted new security rules that restrict theamount of liquids that passengers can take aboard aircraft.You are only allowed to take small quantities of liquids in your hand luggage.These liquids must be in individual containers with a maximum capacityof 100 millilitres each. These containers must be packed in one transparentre-sealable plastic bag of not more than one litre capacity per passenger.Liquids include: water and other drinks, soups, syrups; creams, lotions and

{ Adria Airways }oils; perfumes; sprays; gels, including hair and shower gels; contents of pressurisedcontainers, including shaving foam, other foams and deodorants;pastes, including toothpaste; liquid-solid mixtures; mascara; any other itemof similar consistency.You can still:• pack liquids in bags that you check in – the new rules only affect hand luggage;• carry in your hand luggage medicines and dietary requirements, including babyfoods, for use during the trip. You may be asked for proof that they are needed;• buy liquids such as drinks and perfumes in an EU airport shop when locatedbeyond the point where you show your boarding pass or on board an aircraftoperated by an EU airline. If they are sold in a special sealed bag, do not openit before you are screened – otherwise the contents may be confiscated at thecheckpoint. (If you transfer at an EU airport, do not open the bag before screeningat your airport of transfer, or at the last one if you transfer more than once).If you have any doubts, please ask your airline or travel agent in advance oftravel.During the flightwith remote control, computer printers and other devices emitting electromagneticwaves which could interfere with sensitive aircraft systems.Other electronic devices such as portable computers, CD and DVD playersand pocket calculators may only be used during the flight (if they do notcause a disturbance). They may not be used during take-off and landing.Please check with the cabin crew before using electronic devices and be sureto follow their instructions.Hazardous itemsUnder international safety regulations air passengers may not transport,either on their person or in their luggage, weapons and other hazardousitems such as flammable liquids, compressed or liquefied gas cylinders, highlyinflammable materials, matches (except safety matches), and so on.Comfort and healthFor your comfort, an adjustable air vent and a reading light are located aboveyour seat. There is also a button which you can use to call a member of thecabin crew if necessary.The aircraft is equipped with a first aid kit. During the flight you may feelan uncomfortable pressure in your ears. This is caused by changes in altitudeand the air pressure in the aircraft; swallowing or yawning will help relievethe discomfort.In order to avoid vein problems associated with long flights, we advise youto take frequent walks up and down the cabin and to do stretching exercisesfor the whole body while seated.Alcohol on boardConsuming alcoholic beverages that you have brought on board the aircraftyourself is not permitted. The cabin crew is not allowed to serve alcohol topassengers who show signs of intoxication or to passengers under 18 yearsold. Please bear in mind that because of the lower air pressure during flight,alcohol has a faster and stronger effect than on the ground.( 123 )Safety informationOur cabin crew will give you important safety information before take-off.You will find instructions for emergency procedures in the pocket of the seatin front of you. Since these procedures differ depending on the type of aircraft,we ask you to read the instructions carefully before every flight.During take-off and landing you must fasten your seatbelt. For your ownsafety and comfort we also recommend that you leave it fastened during theflight. After landing, wait in your seat until the aircraft comes to a completestop or until the seatbelt sign is switched off.The captain can issue a passenger who acts inappropriately on the aircraftwith what is called a RED CARD. The red card is intended for anyonewhose behaviour obstructs the work of the cabin crew, who does not observesafety instructions or who threatens the safety and comfort of passengers.Unacceptable behaviour on board an aircraft is a violation of the law. Placingair traffic in jeopardy is a criminal offence in accordance with Article 330 ofthe Criminal Code of the Republic of Slovenia (KZ-1), carrying with it the penaltyof imprisonment.Use of electronic devicesUse of the following devices is not permitted aboard the aircraft: mobilephones (they must be switched off!), radios and televisions, video gamesAfter landingDelayed, lost and damaged luggageIf problems occur with your checked luggage during your journey (also appliesto luggage surrendered on boarding), contact the appropriate service assoon as you arrive at the airport (Lost & Found, Arrival Service, etc.)Passenger Relations CentreAdria's Passenger Relations Centre provides you with news and informationabout our services and can also offer assistance and advice.Passengers can submit complaints or compensation claims, and praise isalways welcome. You can contact the centre in person, in writing, by e-mailto prc@adria.si, and by phoning the free telephone number 080 13 03 if callingfrom Slovenia, +386 1 369 11 33 if calling from outside Slovenia.Rent-a-cars and hotelsWe have recently added two tabs to Adria's website that enables you to booka rent-a-car or hotel accomodation throughout the world at favourable rates.Simply visit www.adria.si, and click on the desired tab. Choose from amongtens of thousands of hotels on every continent, ranging from one-star hotelsto prestigious international hotel chains.Budget Rent-a-Car Slovenia offers Adria Airways customers the best dealson car rental in more than 3,400 destinations in 128 countries!

Adria AirwaysOstale storitve/Other servicesUradni prevoznik dogodkovKot sodobna družba razumemo potrebe poslovnega vsakdanjika, ki se vsepogosteje odvija v globalnem prostoru. Zato stopamo naproti tistim, ki organizirajokonference, kongrese, sejme ali druge mednarodne dogodke, takoda postanemo njihov uradni ekskluzivni prevoznik, udeležencem ter organizatorjupa nudimo posebne ugodnosti. Preprosto, učinkovito in prilagojenopotrebam svojih uporabnikov poskrbimo za to, da poteka dogodek uspešno,udeleženci pa prispejo na cilj pravočasno, varno in zanesljivo. Kot članica združenjaStar Alliance lahko za večje mednarodne kongrese zagotovimo produkt»Conventions Plus«, v sklopu katerega postane več članov združenja uradniprevoznik dogodka. Za vse nadaljnje informacije smo dosegljivi po elektronskipošti: events@adria.si.( 124 )Prevoz tovoraBlagovna služba Adrie Airways odpremi vse pošiljke hitro in kakovostno dovseh letališč po svetu. V sodelovanju z drugimi prevozniki in s pomočjo računalniškopodprtega rezervacijskega sistema spremljamo vsako pošiljko odsprejema do predaje naslovniku.Naša blagovna služba in prodajna zastopništva v tujini vam bodo z veseljempomagala odpremiti oz. dostaviti blago po najhitrejši in cenovno najugodnejšipoti.ADRIA CARGO, Letališče Jožeta Pučnika Ljubljana – Prevoz tovora,telefon: 04 259 43 40, faks: 04 202 30 30,e-pošta: jp.cargo@adria.siCargoThe Adria Airways cargo service provides fast, high-quality goods transportto every airport in the world. In conjunction with other carriers, and with thehelp of a computerised booking system, we monitor every item from receptionto delivery.Our goods service and sales offices abroad will be happy to help you dispatchor deliver goods by the fastest and most competitively priced route.ADRIA CARGO, Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport – Cargo Transport,Telephone: + 386 (04) 259 43 40, Fax: + 386 (04) 202 30 30,e-mail: jp.cargo@adria.siOfficial events carrierAs a modern company we understand the needs of modern business, whichincreasingly takes place in the global arena. For this reason we are ideallypositioned to work with organisers of conferences, congresses, fairs and otherinternational events by becoming their official exclusive carrier and offeringdiscounted fares and other advantages to participants and organisers. With asimple, efficient approach adapted to the needs of our customers, we make surethat the event runs smoothly, with participants arriving at their destination ontime, safely and reliably. As a Star Alliance member we offer the ConventionsPlus service for major international conferences, which effectively makes all StarAlliance members the official carrier for the event. For more information write tous at: events@adria.si.Avio taxi - Panoramski letiZ letalom Piper Turbo Arrow PA-28R-201T s tremi sedeži za potnike lahkopoletite do vseh večjih mest s športnimi letališči v Sloveniji in do bližnjihletališč sosednjih držav.Za lete se lahko naročite po telefonu: 04 23 63 460 (Adria Airways Aviotaxi)ali 041 636 420 (tel. št. pilota).Aviotaxi – Panoramic flightsOur Piper Turbo Arrow PA-28R-201T, with its three passenger seats, can flyyou to all major towns with sports airfields in Slovenia and to nearby airportsin neighbouring countries.To book flights, call us on: 04 23 63 460 (Adria Airways Aviotaxi)or 041 636 420 (pilot)Čarterski prevoziAdria Airways ponuja potnikom, agencijam, podjetjem in drugim letalskimprevoznikom poleg svojih rednih linij tudi čarterske polete iz Ljubljane in zvseh drugih (predvsem evropskih) letališč. Z vstopom v Evropsko unijo ponujamoagencijam, podjetjem in drugim letalskim prevoznikom tudi polete zvseh drugih evropskih letališč.Odlikujejo nas zlasti prilagodljivost, ažurnost, visoka kakovost in točnostpoletov.E-pošta: charter@adria.siChartersIn addition to its scheduled services, Adria Airways offers charter flightsfrom Ljubljana and other (mainly European) airports to passengers, agencies,companies and other carriers. Now that Slovenia is part of the EuropeanUnion, we can also offer flights from all other European airports to agencies,companies and other carriers.Adria charters offer flexibility, up-to-the-minute services, high quality andpunctuality.E-mail: charter@adria.si

( 125 )Spoznajte letenje v virtualnem svetu z našimi odličnimi inštruktorji.V simulatorju letenja – v 30 minutah za samo 39 EUR (DDV je vključen v ceno)– boste spoznali osnove letenja.Za rezervacijo termina in dodatne informacije o obisku simulatorja pošljitee-mail na naslov: ales.bobnar@adria.si; GSM: +386 (0)41 604 116. Letenje jemožno po plačilu vnaprej in predhodni rezervaciji termina.Več o ponudbi preberite na spletni strani www.adrialetalskasola.si.Flight SchoolLearn to fly in a virtual world with our excellent instructors.In our flight simulator you can learn the basics of flying in just 30 minutesfor a mere 39 euros (VAT included).To book a session and for more information about a visit to the simulator,e-mail us at the following address: ales.bobnar@adria.si; GSM: +386 (0)41 604116. Booking essential. Payment in advance.For more information visit www.adrialetalskasola.si.Zaposlene v družbi Adria Tehnika odlikuje vrhunsko tehnično znanje,ki temelji na več kot 40-letnih izkušnjah vzdrževanja letal proizvajalcevMcDonnel Douglas, Airbus in Bombardier.Več informacij na spletni strani www.adriatehnika.com.Adria Tehnika maintenance staff have superlative technical know-how derivingfrom more than 40 years' experience in maintaining McDonnell Douglas,Airbus and Bombardier aircraft.For more information visit www.adriatehnika.com.

Adria AirwaysKlubi zvestobe/Loyalty Clubs( 126 )Partnerska kartica Diners Club-AdriaPotniki s stalnim prebivališčem v Republiki Sloveniji se lahko odločite zaskupno plačilno kartico Diners Cluba in Adrie Airways. Z uporabo partnerskeplačilne kartice Diners Club-Adria lahko zbirate milje in koristite nagradnevozovnice in druge ugodnosti v programu Miles & More. Vsakporabljen evro vam bo prinesel 1 miljo. Dogovor, sklenjenmed Adrio in klubom Miles & More, prinaša imetnikompartnerske kartice pomembno dodatno ugodnost: milje,zbrane z nakupi s plačilno kartico Diners Club-Adria, nezapadejo, če ste vsaj tri mesece član, opravite z njo vsakmesec vsaj en nakup in račune poravnavate v roku. Karticapa vam odpira vrata in nudi brezplačne storitve tudi v večkot 130 letaliških salonih po vsem svetu, kjer boste lahko vmiru počakali na odhod svojega letala, brezplačno prelistaličasopis, se osvežili z napitki, telefonirali ali poslali faks.Informacije: telefon 080 13 45, www.dinersclub.si, info@dinersclub.siStar AllianceStar Alliance partnerstvoAdria Airways je letalski prevoznik z več kot 49-letnimi izkušnjami v čarterskemin rednem prometu. Uspešno sodeluje v evropskih integracijskih tokovih in separtnersko povezuje z drugimi letalskimi prevozniki. Decembra 2004 se je Adriakot regionalna članica pridružila največjemu globalnemu združenju letalskihprevoznikov Star Allianceu, z januarjem 2010 pa je napredovala v polnopravnočlanico združenja.Potnikom tako zagotavljamo vse prednosti, ki jih prinaša izboljšan dostop dosvetovnega omrežja prevoznikov, združenih v Star Allianceu. V povezavi s partnerjivam omogočamo dostop do svetovne mreže poletov 27 letalskih prevoznikov,ki z več kot 21.200 leti dnevno povezujejo 1.185 destinacij v 185 državah.Poleg tega so vam na voljo ugodnosti, ki jih ponujajo prevozniki člani StarAlliancea, kot so: prijava na let do končne destinacije, priznavanje statusa, vstopv letališke salone ter zbiranje in uveljavljanje točk ali milj v okviru programov zapogoste potnike. Za številne destinacije po svetu so vam na voljo potovanja pougodnejših cenah in posebna ponudba Star Alliancea Round the World – potovanjeokoli sveta. Za več informacij smo vam na voljo na naših prodajnih mestih.Prednostna obravnava pri 27 letalskih prevoznikihČe letite s katerim koli izmed 27 članov združenja Star Alliance kot potnik zzlatim statusom, boste povsod po svetu deležni prednostne obravnave.Prednostna prijava na let pomeni, da se lahko izognete dolgim čakalnimvrstam.Prednostno vkrcanje pomeni, da boste med prvimi na letalu in se bostelahko še hitreje namestili v udoben sedež.Prednostna prtljaga pomeni, da bo vaša potovalka prišla z letala med prvimi.Lepo je občutiti, da si nekaj posebnega.Zaslužili ste si.Diners Club-Adria Partner CardPassengers with permanent residence in Slovenia can obtain the joint Diners Cluband Adria Airways charge card. By using the Diners Club – Adria Airways chargecard, you can collect miles and enjoy bonus tickets and otherprivileges in the Miles & More programme. Every euro spent willgive you one mile. The agreement between Adria and Miles &More brings partner card holders an important additional benefit:miles collected through purchases using the Diners Club-Adria payment card will not lapse if you have been a memberfor at least three months, you use the card for at least onepurchase each month and you settle your account balanceon time. At the same time, the card opens the door to freeservices in more than 130 airport lounges around the world,where you can await your departure in tranquillity, browsethrough newspapers, enjoy a refreshing drink, make phone calls or send faxes.Information: Telephone: 080 13 45, www.dinersclub.si, info@dinersclub.siStar Alliance partnershipAdria Airways has more than 49 years of experience in operating both charterand scheduled flights. We are successfully participating in the process ofEuropean integration and have established partnership arrangements withother air carriers. In December 2004 Adria joined the Star Alliance, the world'slargest airline alliance, as a regional member and later became a full memberin January 2010.Our customers now benefit from improved access to the world-wide StarAlliance network. In connection with our partners, we offer access to a globalnetwork of flights on 27 airlines, which offer more than 21,200 flights dailyserving 1,185 destinations in 185 countries.Moreover, our passengers enjoy customer benefits offered by Star Alliancemember carriers, such as through check-in, status recognition, lounge access,frequent-flyer accrual and redemption. Reduced-price flights are available fornumerous destinations throughout the world, along with the Star AllianceRound-the-World special offer. We will be glad to provide details at any Adriasales outlet.Priority treatment across 27 airlinesWhen you fly with any of the 27 Star Alliance member airlines as a GoldStatus customer, you’ll receive priority treatment wherever you are in theworld.Priority Check-in means you can avoid those winding queues.Priority Boarding means you’ll be among the first on the plane, so you canget to the comfort of your seat even quicker.Priority Baggage means your bag will be one of the first off the plane.It’s nice to feel special.You’ve earned it.

Dobrodošli v Miles & MoreRazlog več, da poletite z Adrio AirwaysAdria Airways nudi svojim pogostim potnikom program Miles & More in jims tem omogoča pestrost zbiranja in uporabljanja milj v celotni mreži poletovčlanic Star Alliancea. Sem spadajo tudi vse redne proge Adrie Airways.Welcome to Miles & MoreOne more reason for flying Adria AirwaysAdria Airways is offering its frequent flyers the Miles & More programme,which makes available a variety of ways to collect and use miles on the entireflight network of Star Alliance members. All Adria Airways scheduled routesare included in this network.Prijava v klubV klub se lahko prijavite s prijavnico, ki jo dobite na vseh prodajnih mestihin v letalih Adrie Airways, ali pa to storite na naslovu www.adria.si na našihspletnih straneh.Zbiranje miljMilje lahko zbirate na celotni mreži poletov članic Star Alliancea. Dodatnemilje lahko zbirate z bivanjem v hotelih, z najemom vozil, telefoniranjem,nakupi v določenih trgovinah in z uporabo kreditnih kartic.Člani Miles & More v Sloveniji bodo milje pridobili tudi s plačilno karticoDiners Club-Adria. Vsak nakup v vrednosti 1 EUR vam bo prinesel eno miljo.Milje, zbrane z nakupi s plačilno kartico Diners Club - Adria, ne zapadejo, česte vsaj tri mesece član, opravite z njo vsak mesec vsaj en nakup in računeporavnavate v roku.Poleg zbiranja milj imajo člani Miles & More še dodatne ugodnosti, kot soprednost na čakalnih listah, prevoz večje količine prtljage idr.Veljavnost zbranih milj je tri leta.Koriščenje miljZbrane milje lahko uporabite za številne nagrade: brezplačne vozovnicena progah članic Star Alliancea, potovanje v višjem razredu, počitniškapotovanja, nakup različnih artiklov.Članske karticeZ včlanitvijo postanete član kluba in imetnik osnovne kartice. Doseženoštevilo zahtevanih milj, zbranih v koledarskem letu, zagotavlja višje nivoječlanstva, kot so: srebrni član ali Frequent Traveller, zlati član ali Senator inHON Circle Member. Višji nivo članstva vam prinese posebne ugodnosti.Člansko kartico imejte vedno pri roki, potrebujete jo za beleženje milj,uveljavljanje ugodnosti in naročanje nagrad.Dobrodošli na poletih Adrie Airways, članice združenja Star Alliance!Informacije o zbranih miljah, novostih v klubu, naročila nagradnih vozovnicin drugih nagrad v klicnem centru Miles & More dobite na tel. št. (0)40 747440 ali na naslovu www.adria.si. Navesti morate člansko številko in PINštevilko. V delovnem času od 8. do 18. ure vam bodo informacije na voljo vslovenskem jeziku, kasneje v angleškem ali nemškem.Club registrationYou can join the club by filling in the registration form available at all salesoffices and on board Adria Airways aircraft, or by registering online at ourwebsite, www.adria.si.Collecting milesYou can collect miles within the entire Star Alliance network. You can alsocollect additional miles through hotel stays, car rental, telephone calls,purchases at selected shops and using your credit cards.Miles & More members in Slovenia also receive miles when you use theDiners Club-Adria charge card. Every euro charged earns you 1 mile. Milescollected through purchases using the Diners Club-Adria payment card willnot lapse if you have been a member for at least three months, you use thecard for at least one purchase each month and you settle your account balanceon time.In addition to collecting miles, Miles & More members enjoy additionalbenefits such as priority on waiting lists, excess baggage allowance and so on.Miles are valid for three years.Using milesYou can use the miles you have accumulated for various benefits: free ticketson Star Alliance member routes, upgrades to business class, holiday traveland various purchases.Membership cardsYou become a club member as soon as you join. Accumulating the requirednumber of miles in a calendar year leads to higher levels of membership:silver member or Frequent Traveller, or gold member or Senator, or HONCircle Member. A higher level of membership offers you special benefits.Always have your membership card on hand, because you’ll need it toregister miles, claim benefits and request awards.Welcome aboard Adria Airways, a Star Alliance member!For information on miles, Club news, to order free tickets or other benefits,call the Miles & More call centre at +386 40 747 440 or visit our website atwww.adria.si. You’ll be asked for your membership number and PIN. We’llbe happy to take your calls in Slovene from 8 am to 6 pm, and service is alsoavailable in English and German outside these hours.( 127 )

Prodaja vozovnic in rezervacijeTicket Offices and BookingKlicni center: telefon 00386 (0)1 36 91 010Brezplačna številka v Sloveniji: 080 13 00www.adria.si( 128 )Adria AirwaysZgornji Brnik 130h4210 Brnik - AerodromTel.: +386 (0)1 36 91 010E-mail: booking@adria.siPoslovalnice / Sales offices:LJUBLJANAGosposvetska 61000 LjubljanaKlicni center: 36 91 010, 080 13 00Tel.: +386 (0)1 23 91 910Fax: +386 (0)1 23 21 668E-mail: adr.gosposvetska@adria.siLetališče Jožeta Pučnika LJUBLJANALJUBLJANA Jože Pučnik AirportAdria Airways Sales OfficeKlicni center: 36 91 010, 080 13 00Tel.: +386 (0)4 25 94 245Fax: +386 (0)4 23 63 461E-mail: adr.prodaja@adria.siAMSTERDAMAdria Airways, NetherlandsTel.: +31 20 625 11 22Fax: +32 2 753 23 37E-mail: adr.amstown@adria.siAirport Ticketing DeskAmsterdam Schiphol AirportAviapartnerTerminal 1Tel.: +31 20 79 52 600Fax: +31 20 79 52 601E-mail: adr.amsairport@adria.siBANJALUKABosnia and HerzegovinaSKY SRPSKATel.: +397 (0)51 220 330Mobile: +387 (0)65 321 817E-mail: office@sky srpska.aeroBARCELONAAdria Airways, General Sales AgentKompas SpainC/ Paris, 162-164 Entlo 2a08036 BarcelonaTel.: + 34 93 246 67 77Fax: +34 93 245 41 88E-mail: adr.barcelona@adria.siBELGRADEAdria Airways Representative OfficeOKI AIR INTERNATIONALAirport “Nikola Tesla”11180 Belgrade 59Tel/Fax: +381 11 2286457,2286458, 2097457E-mail: okiairbeg@oki.me,adr.belgrade@adria.siBRUSSELSAdria AirwaysBrussels Airport – Box 41930 ZaventemTel.: +32 (0)2 75 32 336Fax: +32 (0)2 75 32 337E-mail: adr.brussels@adria.siAdria Airways Ticket DeskFlightcare row 5Airport Zaventem / BrusselsTel.: +32 (0)2 75 32 337COPENHAGENAdria AirwaysRepresentative and InformationAntello AB, Tings Gatan 2256 56 Helsingborg, SWEDENTel.: +46 (0)42 28 47 78Fax: +46 (0)42 14 47 78Mobil: +46 708 28 47 78E-mail: adr.copenhagen@adria.siAdria Airways Airport Ticket DeskCopenhagen AirportTerminal 2, Floor 2, Office 2302770 Kastrup, DenmarkTel. & Fax: +45 (0)32 51 59 59Mobil: +46 708 28 47 78E-mail: adr.copenhagen@adria.siFRANKFURTAdria AirwaysFrankfurt AirportTerminal 1, Building 201Room 201. 4043/4044P.O.Box 039, 60549 Frankfurt am MainTel.: +49 (0)69 269 56 720, 269 56 721Fax: +49 (0)69 269 56 730E-mail: adr.frankfurt@adria.siAdria Airways Airport Ticket DeskFrankfurt Airport, Terminal 1, Hall BSales Desk 307P.O.Box 039, 60549 Frankfurt am MainTel. +49 (0)69 269 56 722ISTANBULAdria AirwaysGeneral Sales AgentOrdu Cad No. 206/134470 Laleli, IstanbulTel.: +90 (0)212 51 24 232Fax: +90 (0)212 51 24 234, 51 25 436E-mail: adr.istanbul@adria.siKIEVGeneral Sales Agent: AVIAREPS -town officeChervonoarmijska st. 9/2Office number 201004 Kiev, UkraineTel.: +38 044 287 07 47Fax: +38 044 490 65 04E-mail: jp.ukraine@aviareps.comLONDON, MANCHESTERAdria Airways - London Gatwick AirportTicketing Agent: SkybreakNorth Terminal, Zone A, Ticket DeskTel.: +44 (0) 1293 507 182Fax: +44 (0) 1293 507 144Reservations: Tel: +44 (0) 1293 555 707E-mail: info@adria.siMOSCOWAdria AirwaysDerbenevskaja 4113 114 MoscowTel.: +7 495 727 08 85Fax: +7 495 727 08 88E-mail: adr.moscow@adria.siAdria AirwaysSheremetyevo AirportTicket office Bohemia2nd floor of terminal FTicketing +7 903 5613645,e-mail: apt-svo@mail.ru,fax +7 495 578 8197Supervisor on duty +7 916 267 2395,e-mail: svokkjp@adria.siMUNICHProsimo, obrnite se na predstavništvov Frankfurtu.Please contact our office in Frankfurt.PARISAdria Airways94 rue Saint Lazare75009 ParisStopnišče A, II. nadstropjeStaircase A, 2nd floorTel.: +33 (0)1 47 42 95 00Fax: +33 (0)1 47 42 00 67E-mail: adr.paris@adria.siPODGORICAAdria Airways, General Sales AgentOki Air InternationalIvana Vujoševića 4681000 PodgoricaTel.: +382 (0) 20 201 201Tel. & Fax: +382 (0) 20 241 154Mobil: +382 (0)67 24 11 54E-mail: adr.podgorica@adria.siAdria Airways Ticket OfficePodgorica AirportOKI AIR INTERNATIONALTel. & Fax: +382 (0) 20 623 232Mobil: +382 (0)67 24 11 54E-mail: adr.podgorica@adria.siPRISTINAAdria representative office – town officePal Palucij 3, 38000 PristinaTel.: +381 (0)38 54 34 11Tel. & Fax: +381 (0)38 54 32 85E-mail: adr.pristina@adria.siTicket issue at the airportTel.: +381 (0) 38 548 437Fax: +381 (0) 38 548 437Mobile: +377 44 501 241SARAJEVOAdria AirwaysRepresentative and InformationFerhadija 2371000 SarajevoTel.: +387 (0)33 23 21 25, 23 21 26Fax: +387 (0)33 23 36 92E-mail: adria@bih.net.baAdria Airways Airport Ticket DeskSarajevo International AirportTel. & Fax: +387 33 464 331E-mail: adr.sarajevo@adria.siSKOPJEAdria AirwaysGeneral Sales Agent AAM dooelUlica Dame Gruev, Gradski Zid, blok 4/81000 SkopjeTel.: +389 (0)2 31 17 009, 32 29 975Fax: +389 (0)2 31 65 531E-mail: adr.skopje@adria.siAdria Airways Airport Ticket OfficeSkopje AirportTel. +389 (0)2 25 50 133TEL AVIVAdria AirwaysMIRUS SERVICES LtdEL AL BUILDING32 Ben Yehuda Street8th Floor, Room 822Tel Aviv 63432Tel.: +972 (0)3 52 23 161Fax: +972 (0)3 52 40 895Adria Airways Ticket DeskBen Gurion AirportLaufer Aviation Ltd.Tel.: +972 (0)3 97 74 300Fax: +972 (0)3 97 12 022TIRANAAdria Airways AlbaniaEuropian Trade CenterStreet Mine Peza,Number 102Town OfficeTel.: +355 4 227 4666Tel. & Fax: +355 4 227 2666Mobil Off.: +355 6 94076614AirportTel. & Fax: +355 4 238 1911Mobil in Rinas Apt.: +355 6 94076611E-mail: adr.tirana@adria.siVIENNAReservations and purchaseAdria Airways StationA-1300 Vienna AirportTel.: +43 (1) 700 736 913Fax: +43 (1) 700 736 914E-mail: adr.vienna@adria.siWARSAWAdria Airways, General Sales AgentGLOBAIR Polska Sp z o.o.Marszalkowska St. 28,office number 1U-35Warsaw 00-576Tel: +48 (022) 696 85 20Fax: +48 ( 022) 696 85 24Mobile: +48 696 49 14 77E-mail: adr.warsaw@adria.siwww.globairgroup.comZAGREBAdria AirwaysPraška 910000 ZagrebTel.: +385 (0)1 48 10 011, 48 10 016Fax: +385 (0)1 48 10 008E-mail: adr.zagreb@adria.siZÜRICHAdria AirwaysLoewenstrasse 54/II.8001 ZürichTel.: +41 (0)44 212 63 93Fax: +41 (0)44 212 52 66E-mail: adr.zurich@adria.siAdria Airways Airport Ticket OfficeZürich AirportTerminal B-2-521Tel.: +41 (0)43 81 64 437