Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Tomato Genotypes.pdf

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Hossain et al.236adaptability to wide range of soil and climate in Bangladesh. It ranks next topotato and sweet potato in respect of vegetable production in the world.It is widely cultivated in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate climates andthus it ranks third in terms of world vegetable production (FAO, 2006). The leadingtomato producing countries are China, United States of America, India, Egypt,Turkey, Iran, Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia (FAO, 2006). In Bangladesh, tomato iscultivated all over the country due to its adaptability to wide range of soil andclimate (Ahamed, 1995). The cultivated area under tomato in Bangladesh was17,813.8 hectares, total production was 1,20,000 metric tons having an averageyield of 6.7 metric tons per hectare (BBS, 2006), which is very low compared toother countries like India (15.67 t ha -1 ), Japan (52.82 t ha -1 ), USA (65.22 t ha -1 ),China (30.39 t ha -1 ), Egypt (34.00 t ha -1 ) and Turkey (41.77 t ha -1 ) (FAO, 2006). Thelow yield potentiality of this crop is responsible for the lower yield attribute viz.,unavailability of quality seeds of improved varieties, improper management offertilizers, irrigation, disease control and lack of suitable pruning practices. Tomatocultivated in all parts of Bangladesh due to its adaptability to wide range of soiland climate (Hoque et al. 1999). The best growing areas of tomato in Bangladeshare Chittagong, Comilla and Rajshahi (Sharfuddin and Siddque, 1985) and it ranksfourth in respect of production and third in respect of area (BBS, 2006). It containsa number of nutritive elements almost double compared to fruit apple and showssuperiority with regard to food values (Barman, 2007). Food value of tomato isgreatly dependent on its chemical composition such as dry matter, titrableacidity, total sugar, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid etc. Studies in USAindicate that flavor and taste of tomato are related to free sugars, organic acidsand sugar acid ratios (Kader et al. 1978). Considering the above facts, thepresent study was, therefore undertaken to determine some important selectivephysico-chemical properties and to analyse the nutrient status of different tomatomutants and varieties grown at Rangpur District.Materials and methodsThe experimental sites were located at the Bangladesh Institute of NuclearAgriculture (BINA) sub-station farm, Rangpur. Geographically the experimentalfield at Rangpur Sadar Upazila is located at 25˚40΄ N to 25˚50΄ N latitude and89˚06΄ E longitudes to 89˚19΄ E longitude. The soils of the experimental plots wasTista Meander Floodplain (AEZ-3) at Rangpur, respectively. The soil of BINA substationfarm, Rangpur was belongs to ‘Sonatola’ series under general soil type,moderately acidic, low organic matter content, low-medium fertile and havegood moisture holding capacity. The corners of the land were spaded and largerclods were broken into smaller pieces. After ploughing and laddering all thestubbles, crop residues and uprooted weeds were collected and removed fromthe main field and the land was ready. Whole experimental land was divided intounit plots maintaining the desired spacing. The plots were spaded again beforeplanting the planting materials. The experiments were laid out in a RandomizedComplete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The whole area of theexperimental plot was divided into 3 blocks and each block was again dividedinto 8 unit plots. The size of the unit plot was 4 m length and 3 m width. Block toblock and plot to plot distance were 1.0 m and 1.0 m respectively. Two varieties(BINA tomato-5 and BARI tomato-7), six Trans mutants (TM-13, TM-105, TM-110, TM-133, TM- 152 and TM- 155) were used. Seeds of all varieties, mutants and cultivarswere collected from (BINA) farm, Mymensingh. Tomato seedlings were raised insub-station farm; complete germination of the seeds took place within 9 daysafter sowing. Healthy and uniform sized of about one month old seedlings weretaken for transplanting. A light irrigation was done immediately aftertransplanting. The seeds of tomato were sown in rows made by hand plough. Thehttp://www.bdresearchpublications.com/journal/
An Assessment of Some Tomato Genotypes and Varietiesdistance between row to row was 50 cm and seed to seed was 50 cm. Two seedswere placed in each point at 2-3 cm depth from the soil surface. Differentintercultural operations were accomplished as and when necessary for bettergrowth and development of plants. Before harvesting the crops 10 representativeplant samples from each plot were collected separately, tagged properly andbought to the laboratory for further observations. Fruits were harvested in themorning considering the uniformity in size. After the collection of plant samples ofdifferent mutants/varieties/ cultivars from the experimental field. DifferentPhysiological parameters (plant height, number of fruits plant -1 , single fruit weight,yield, fruit size, moisture content and dry matter content) are recorded. Chemicaland biochemical parameters[Vitamin C content,Total soluble Solid (TSS), pH,Titrable acidity, Reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar content, Nitrogen andprotein content, Phosphorus content, Potassium content, Sulphur content,Calcium and magnesium content, Iron content. Manganese content, Zinccontent, Copper content and Sodium content] are also recorded. Preparation offruit extract for the determination of different nutrients are by following wayexactly 1 g of finely grind fruit materials were taken into a 250 mL conical flaskand 10 mL of di-acid mixture (HNO3 : HClO4 = 2 : 1) was added to it. Then it wasplaced on an electric hot plate for heating at 180 – 200 o C until the solid particlesdisappeared and white fumes were evolved from the flask. Then it was cooled atroom temperature, washed with distilled water and filtered into 100 mL volumetricflask through Whatman No. 42 filter paper making the volume up to the mark withdistilled water following wet oxidation method as described by Jackson (1973).Thesolution was used for the estimation of P, K, S, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu. Thedata were analyzed statistically by F-test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). The ANOVAfor each character is shown in appendix section. Analysis of variance was donewith the help of computer package M-STAT developed by Russell (1986). Themean comparisons of the treatments were evaluated by DMRT (Duncan's MultipleRange Test).Results and discussionPhysical characteristicsPlant heightPlant height is one of the most important characteristics of tomato plant.The plant height of tomato genotypes were measured after fruit ripen and theresults are presented in the (Table: 1). The results indicated that there were nosignificant leave of variation among the tomato genotypes and varieties grownat Rangpur. Considering all the varieties and genotypes at both locations BARItomato-7 was the tallest plant; TM-13, TM-155 and BINA tomato-5 were almostsimilar; while TM-110 was the shortest genotype. The range of plant height wasvaried from 69.93 cm to 92.40 cm.Number of fruits plant -1Number of fruits plant -1 is the most important yield attributing character oftomato plant. The observed results are presented in the (Table 1). The parametershowed statistical significant variation in compare with the check variety BARItomato-7 and BINA tomato-5. The value of total number of fruits plant -1 wasranged from 12.50-45.43. Considering all the varieties and genotypes TM-110 gavethe highest number of fruits plant -1 . TM-105 gave the second highest number offruits plant -1 in compare with TM-110. TM-13, TM-155, TM-152 and BINA tomato-5gave similar number of fruits plant -1 ; while BARI tomato-7 gave lowest number offruits plant -1 . Similar result was also reported by Arun et al. (2004).http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/journal/
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