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How to Read This ManualHardware Notes..... warningThis <strong>manual</strong> assumes that your hardware configuration for runningPascal <strong>1.3</strong> is a 128K Apple Ile with an 80-column video monitor and two ormore 5;4-inch disk drives, although Pascal supports many other hardwareconfigurations, as described in Part I. Hardware variations are discussed inthe text wherever relevant.I Information about hardware differences and their effects on your use ofPascal is set off like this.Throughout this <strong>manual</strong> you will see several other visual cues:Important warnings alert you to situations that are potentially hazardousto the information currently in the computer's memory, the informationstored on disks, or to your equipment.Text Set Off With a Vertical Bar: Useful information that is incidentalto the main text is set off like this.Messages displayed by the comput.er and in someinstances text that you type into the computer areshown in this typeface.To make it easier to find what you need, a tabbed divider is provided formarking the beginning of each major part of this <strong>manual</strong>. Each of the partshas its own Table of Contents. Don't forget to look for appendixes withineach of the parts.Notice that page numbers start over in each part and that page numbers arepreceded by the number of that part. Thus, when you use the index, youwill be able to tell which parts are referenced for a given topic.viIntroduction to Pascal <strong>1.3</strong>
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- Page 1 and 2: Apple Apple II Pascal 1.3•,_
- Page 5: Apple II Pascal 1.3
- Page 8 and 9: your system. To be sure that your s
- Page 13 and 14: Part IGetting Started
- Page 15 and 16: System Notes 18Using a 40-Column Vi
- Page 17: PrefacePart I describes the steps y
- Page 20 and 21: To provide a focus for discussion i
- Page 22 and 23: Enhanced lieIf you have an enhanced
- Page 24 and 25: If you are not going to use your Pr
- Page 26 and 27: Using a Pascal-Formatted ProFileYou
- Page 28 and 29: Other llc'sIf you have an Apple Ile
- Page 30 and 31: How Pascal Assigns Volume NumbersA
- Page 32 and 33: Using System PromptsAs soon as you
- Page 34 and 35: Make Backups of Your System DisksWe
- Page 36 and 37: A Warning.&.Warning6. Note that bot
- Page 38 and 39: The 128K and 64K Pascal Systems Com
- Page 40 and 41: o The TAB key is absent, which mean
- Page 42 and 43: If you have an Apple II or II Plus
- Page 44 and 45: Once you transfer the system files,
- Page 46 and 47: If you are using an SO-column displ
- Page 48 and 49: II Plus users have made the require
- Page 50: APPLE3:SYSTEM.APPLEFORMATTER.CODEFO
- Page 54 and 55: ContentsFigures and TablesxviiPREFA
- Page 56 and 57: Moving Files 41Transfer 41Copying a
- Page 58 and 59: The Editor Commands 93Insert 96Text
- Page 60 and 61:
CHAPTER5The CompilerIntroduction 13
- Page 62 and 63:
Local Labels 178Constants 179Locati
- Page 64 and 65:
CHAPTER 7The LinkerIntroduction 208
- Page 66 and 67:
APPENDIX2ACommand SummariesAll Leve
- Page 68 and 69:
APPENDIX2FDemonstration ProgramsInt
- Page 71 and 72:
PrefaceProgram Preparation Tools is
- Page 73 and 74:
Chapter 1An OverviewII-1
- Page 75 and 76:
Pascal FilesA file is defined as a
- Page 77 and 78:
There are two parts to a workfile:
- Page 79:
o On the 128K Pascal system, the sp
- Page 82 and 83:
The Command LevelYou reach the Comm
- Page 84 and 85:
Figure 2-1. The Command LevelComman
- Page 86 and 87:
CompileTyping c while at the Comman
- Page 88 and 89:
InitializeTyping 1 from the Command
- Page 90 and 91:
Commands Usable at All LevelsCertai
- Page 93 and 94:
Chapter 3The FilerII-21
- Page 95 and 96:
Bad-blocksExamineTests a disk to se
- Page 97 and 98:
B I~ XBad-blocks ExamineThe Filer s
- Page 99 and 100:
To erase your response to a Filer p
- Page 101 and 102:
Standard Volume Names and NumbersTa
- Page 103 and 104:
emoved from the filename. You shoul
- Page 105 and 106:
filename that may not be ignored. T
- Page 107 and 108:
You may use only one wildcard in a
- Page 109 and 110:
A system with two 5~-inch disk driv
- Page 111 and 112:
You can list any portion of a direc
- Page 113 and 114:
APPLEr.l:SYSTEM.PASCALSYSTEM.MI SC
- Page 115 and 116:
When you press RETURN, the system c
- Page 117 and 118:
You can use wildcards with the Tran
- Page 119 and 120:
The display clears, and then the fo
- Page 121 and 122:
One Disk DriveOm:H:>rive NoteTo cop
- Page 123 and 124:
Prompt: Remove what file ?Response:
- Page 125 and 126:
as replacement strings) given in th
- Page 127 and 128:
You do not need to put a volume on
- Page 129 and 130:
ZeroThe Zero command "erases" a spe
- Page 131 and 132:
QuitThe Quit command, which is invo
- Page 133 and 134:
Observing filename conventions, you
- Page 135 and 136:
One-Drive MethodOn one-drive system
- Page 137 and 138:
If there is already a workfile SYST
- Page 139 and 140:
If you see that one of your disks c
- Page 141 and 142:
An N response to this prompt return
- Page 143:
-Filename ConventionsVolume name wi
- Page 146 and 147:
IntroductionThe Pascal Editor helps
- Page 148 and 149:
4. If you are editing a program, yo
- Page 150 and 151:
Editing With a 31/2-lnch Disk Drive
- Page 152 and 153:
As you have already learned if you
- Page 154 and 155:
Starting a New FileIf a workfile is
- Page 156 and 157:
For example, if the cursor is on th
- Page 158 and 159:
Apple II or II PlusIt is legal to i
- Page 160 and 161:
To leave the Editor, press G for Qu
- Page 162 and 163:
Notice that not all commands affect
- Page 164 and 165:
Cursor MovesYou can use repeat-fact
- Page 166 and 167:
Figure 4-3. The EditorCommandEditor
- Page 168 and 169:
Insert-The Insert command allows yo
- Page 170 and 171:
and Filling to True. For example, t
- Page 172 and 173:
.A Warning The automatic remarginin
- Page 174 and 175:
The Editor remembers where the curs
- Page 176 and 177:
This leaves you with something like
- Page 178 and 179:
To c0py the text, typeMYDISK:SUPERM
- Page 180 and 181:
ExchangeYou use the Exchange comman
- Page 182 and 183:
After you press the SPACE bar, the
- Page 184 and 185:
ExampleSuppose you have Token searc
- Page 186 and 187:
DirectionThe Replace command operat
- Page 188 and 189:
Same-String OptionIf you type s in
- Page 190 and 191:
Jump-The Jump command moves the cur
- Page 192 and 193:
After you have typed CONTROL-C to a
- Page 194 and 195:
Set EnvironmentThe Editor lets you
- Page 196 and 197:
40=Column !DisplaysFilling should g
- Page 198 and 199:
the right place in the string) and
- Page 200 and 201:
When you operate a skateboard in ex
- Page 202 and 203:
Quit-You use the Quit command to ex
- Page 204 and 205:
WriteThe Write command saves the fi
- Page 206 and 207:
Special Commands SummaryYou will fi
- Page 209 and 210:
Chapter 5The CompilerIl-137
- Page 211 and 212:
Two 51/.oi·lnch Disk DrivesOne 51/
- Page 213 and 214:
If there is no text workfile, you w
- Page 215 and 216:
The period at the end prevents the
- Page 217 and 218:
o Pressing the SPACE bar instructs
- Page 219 and 220:
Execution Error MessagesThe informa
- Page 221 and 222:
Default option: {$1-}{$1 filename}
- Page 223 and 224:
The "Range Check" OptionThis option
- Page 225 and 226:
The { $N +} option should be placed
- Page 227:
The "User Program" OptionThis optio
- Page 230 and 231:
IntroductionEven if you write most
- Page 232 and 233:
If you attempt to assemble without
- Page 234 and 235:
After the source and object files f
- Page 236 and 237:
This is similar to the choice that
- Page 238 and 239:
First, use the Filer's New command
- Page 240 and 241:
The Assembly ListingAfter you have
- Page 242 and 243:
01HlllllCurrent memory available:0
- Page 244 and 245:
ADRSPUSHPAGE -AB l!HHJ 41 ALOOPMC -
- Page 246 and 247:
If you have a printer connected to
- Page 248 and 249:
The statements making up the body o
- Page 250 and 251:
local LabelsA local label has a dol
- Page 252 and 253:
An at sign(@) before an expression
- Page 254 and 255:
PAGE - 1 TEMP1 FILE:lllllll01Curren
- Page 256 and 257:
ConventionsWhen you write assembly-
- Page 258 and 259:
parameter names are given. For exam
- Page 260 and 261:
Example:TEMP .BYTE 4The associated
- Page 262 and 263:
.ABSOLUTEThis directive forces the
- Page 264 and 265:
Example:.MACRO HELPSTA %1LDA %2.END
- Page 266 and 267:
LDAill formed operandECdit,,[ SPACE
- Page 268 and 269:
name in both the program and the ro
- Page 270 and 271:
The use of the .DEF and .REF direct
- Page 272 and 273:
.LIST and .NOLISTThese two directiv
- Page 274 and 275:
File Directive.INCLUDECauses the sp
- Page 276 and 277:
Data Directives[label].ASCII""Inser
- Page 279 and 280:
Chapter 7The LinkerIl-207
- Page 281 and 282:
Linking Using the link CommandYou i
- Page 283 and 284:
If you press RETURN in response to
- Page 285 and 286:
linking Using the Run CommandIf the
- Page 287 and 288:
Chapter 8The LibrarianII-215
- Page 289 and 290:
Librarian, that are invoked by the
- Page 291 and 292:
The Input FilesThe Librarian now di
- Page 293 and 294:
lJ Slot to copy into?2 Slot to copy
- Page 295 and 296:
Copyright Notice Lost: The Libraria
- Page 297 and 298:
If the file you specify is not a co
- Page 299 and 300:
enter library name: #S:samplelist l
- Page 301 and 302:
Chapter 9Utility Programs11-229
- Page 303 and 304:
Two 51/4-lnch DrivesOne 51/4-lnch D
- Page 305 and 306:
Using an Ex:temal TerminalThe Apple
- Page 307 and 308:
Vertical Move DelayValue: The numbe
- Page 309 and 310:
Key to Delete LinePressing Line Del
- Page 311 and 312:
Parameter Field NameERASE TO END OF
- Page 313 and 314:
Reconfiguring the SystemTo use an e
- Page 315 and 316:
Changing GOTOXY CommunicationThe GO
- Page 317 and 318:
The screen will showAPPLE GOTOXY BI
- Page 319 and 320:
Using the Linefeed UtilityFrom the
- Page 321:
If you respond by typing v for Yes,
- Page 324 and 325:
This appendix contains summaries of
- Page 326 and 327:
LinkSwapExecuteRunUser restartIniti
- Page 328 and 329:
Volume CommandsVolumesList-director
- Page 330 and 331:
Editor Command SummarySpecial Comma
- Page 332 and 333:
ExchangeReplaceReplaces the charact
- Page 335 and 336:
Appendix 2BSystem FilesII-263
- Page 337 and 338:
CommandLinkExecuteRunFiles Needed65
- Page 339 and 340:
Filename Contents of File Use of Fi
- Page 341:
APPLE3:lPASCAL:SYSTEM.APPLE 32 Cont
- Page 344 and 345:
A Complex Sample ProgramThis append
- Page 346 and 347:
Figure 2C-l. Creating a Complex Pro
- Page 348 and 349:
The Regular UnitUse the Editor to c
- Page 350 and 351:
PROCEDURE INTRINUPROC;BEGINWRITELNC
- Page 352 and 353:
;As you will see,. CONST LENGTH.PUB
- Page 354 and 355:
cPutting the Pieces TogetherThis se
- Page 356 and 357:
LLink what host codefile? MAINOpeni
- Page 359 and 360:
Appendix 2DMaking a Turnkey DiskII-
- Page 361 and 362:
Appendix 2EMaking and Using Exec Fi
- Page 363 and 364:
Terminator Characters: The terminat
- Page 365 and 366:
.& Warningis actually sent to the p
- Page 367 and 368:
Appendix2FDemonstration Programs11-
- Page 369 and 370:
What follows is a description of ho
- Page 371 and 372:
Assuming that the ROT ATE procedure
- Page 373 and 374:
The outer REPEAT first calls MAKETR
- Page 375 and 376:
position in the CORNER variable for
- Page 377 and 378:
If you wish to modify, compile, and
- Page 379 and 380:
1. Starting at the root node, FLIPP
- Page 381 and 382:
Program CROSSREF contains examples
- Page 383 and 384:
On completion of the design, the pr
- Page 385 and 386:
If you type N for No, you will agai
- Page 387 and 388:
Appendix 2GPascal 1/0 Device Volume
- Page 389 and 390:
Appendix 2HError Messages11-317
- Page 391 and 392:
ErrorNumberError Message10 I/O erro
- Page 393 and 394:
ErrorNumberError Message9 Identifie
- Page 395 and 396:
Compiler Error MessagesWhen the Pas
- Page 397 and 398:
ErrorNumberError Message123 Missing
- Page 399 and 400:
ErrorNumberError Message202 String
- Page 403 and 404:
Part IIILanguage Manual
- Page 405 and 406:
Block Syntax 13Declarations 14Const
- Page 407 and 408:
CHAPTER5Dynamic VariablesUsing Dyna
- Page 409 and 410:
CHAPTER7Program ControlsRepetition
- Page 411 and 412:
Character File I/O Operations 173IN
- Page 413 and 414:
Library Name Files 231Making a Libr
- Page 415 and 416:
Program Chaining 275The SETCHAIN Pr
- Page 417 and 418:
Procedure Call 305File Type 305REWR
- Page 419 and 420:
The RESET Macro 335The SWITCH Macro
- Page 421 and 422:
CHAPTER5Dynamic VariablesPointer Ty
- Page 423 and 424:
Value Specifier Syntax 17 4READ Pro
- Page 425 and 426:
CONCAT Function 300FOR Statement 30
- Page 427 and 428:
PrefaceThis part of the Apple II Pa
- Page 429:
Supporting these chapters are sever
- Page 432 and 433:
Apple II Pascal 1.3 is a version of
- Page 434 and 435:
Pascal Versus BASICIf you are a BAS
- Page 437 and 438:
Chapter 2Program StructureIll-7
- Page 439 and 440:
The program block contains a single
- Page 441 and 442:
o Identifiers are the names of such
- Page 443 and 444:
Pascal SyntaxPascal has its own syn
- Page 445 and 446:
string or an array or some other ty
- Page 447 and 448:
A More Complex ExampleHere is anoth
- Page 449 and 450:
esult is called a compound statemen
- Page 451 and 452:
Here are the rules for composing yo
- Page 453 and 454:
CommentsGood programming practice i
- Page 455 and 456:
Chapter 3Simple Data TypesIll-25
- Page 457 and 458:
New data types are created by the t
- Page 459 and 460:
String and CHAR constants may not c
- Page 461 and 462:
The INTEGER TypeIntegers are whole
- Page 463 and 464:
A Technical Note: Pascal often sets
- Page 465 and 466:
This declaration creates the new da
- Page 467 and 468:
Chapter4Structured Data TypesIIl-37
- Page 469 and 470:
declare a longer maximum. In both c
- Page 471 and 472:
Here are some examples:TYPE ALPHANU
- Page 473 and 474:
The ARRAY TypeA Pascal array is an
- Page 475 and 476:
We could now make the following arr
- Page 477 and 478:
You can manipulate the elements of
- Page 479 and 480:
o Each corresponding dimension must
- Page 481 and 482:
The syntax for writing the field li
- Page 483 and 484:
Information A bout the Example: Thi
- Page 485 and 486:
o The limits on the number and type
- Page 487 and 488:
These are the rules by which Pascal
- Page 489 and 490:
ecord variable of CHECKBOOK as CHEC
- Page 491 and 492:
Chapter 5Dynamic Variableslll-61
- Page 493 and 494:
Here is an example of this process
- Page 495 and 496:
o The base type may be an identifie
- Page 497 and 498:
o Don't try to change the variant,
- Page 499 and 500:
MARK and RELEASE are used in pairs.
- Page 501 and 502:
Chapter 6Operations on DataIII-71
- Page 503 and 504:
By combining these elements, you ca
- Page 505 and 506:
Each kind of factor has its own syn
- Page 507 and 508:
AssignmentsThe assignment statement
- Page 509 and 510:
Arithmetic OperationsApple Pascal p
- Page 511 and 512:
single-character operators, DIV mus
- Page 513 and 514:
ABS CROUND CX/Y))ABS C2-X>The ABS f
- Page 515 and 516:
Random Number Fum::tionsApple Pasca
- Page 517 and 518:
FUN CT ION RAND2 : INTEGER;VAR MAX,
- Page 519 and 520:
o Two records of congruent type may
- Page 521 and 522:
Be Careful: CHR does not check to s
- Page 523 and 524:
The SCAN FunctionThis function scan
- Page 525 and 526:
Your use of MOVELEFT or MOVERIGHT m
- Page 527 and 528:
The CONCAT FunctionCONCAT accepts a
- Page 529 and 530:
VARS : STRIHGC1l;o With COPY, INSER
- Page 531 and 532:
Bit Interpretation of Scalar TypesE
- Page 533 and 534:
.' Bit Logic ExamplesHere are some
- Page 535 and 536:
This is because Pascal tries to int
- Page 537 and 538:
Chapter 7Program ControlsIII-107
- Page 539 and 540:
Repetition StatementsPascal provide
- Page 541 and 542:
Observe these rules and cautions wh
- Page 543 and 544:
Here is an example of a REPEAT stat
- Page 545 and 546:
Here are are two examples of IF sta
- Page 547 and 548:
The above statement can be clarifie
- Page 549 and 550:
It accomplishes the same job as the
- Page 551 and 552:
Here is an example of a GOTO statem
- Page 553:
The EXIT procedure is seldom essent
- Page 556 and 557:
Procedures and functions are the su
- Page 558 and 559:
In both cases, the parameter list i
- Page 560 and 561:
Special Note About Long Integers: T
- Page 562 and 563:
PROCEDURE ALPHA CHI, LO REAL; FACTO
- Page 564 and 565:
Here are the rules governing the re
- Page 566 and 567:
o The real variable METAL declared
- Page 568 and 569:
After you have written its heading
- Page 571 and 572:
Chapter 9Assembly-Language Routines
- Page 573 and 574:
EXTERNAL Procedures and FunctionsPR
- Page 575 and 576:
The evaluation stack may have alrea
- Page 577 and 578:
To summarize, the structure of the
- Page 579 and 580:
If your routine has accomplished ai
- Page 581 and 582:
An ExampleThe following sample, del
- Page 583:
sample procedure for Pascal, declar
- Page 586 and 587:
Apple Pascal provides a variety of
- Page 588 and 589:
File VariablesUnlike most other var
- Page 590 and 591:
External FilesThere are three categ
- Page 592 and 593:
Pascal types volume numbers, volume
- Page 594 and 595:
although it permits inputs as well.
- Page 596 and 597:
Be Careful: Using RESET with a file
- Page 598 and 599:
o If a file has any records in it,
- Page 600 and 601:
In particular, disk drives usually
- Page 602 and 603:
Here is a sample use of SEEK:SEEK C
- Page 604 and 605:
until a character was typed. With t
- Page 606 and 607:
Certain specific rules apply to the
- Page 608 and 609:
o READ with a CHAR variable reads o
- Page 610 and 611:
o Except when READLN is used with a
- Page 612 and 613:
BLOCKREAD transfers data from an ex
- Page 614 and 615:
Both procedures are written with th
- Page 616 and 617:
Type "B" character checking: CONTRO
- Page 618 and 619:
When UNITSTATUS is called, it may a
- Page 620 and 621:
o SHIFT is TRUE if the oldest chara
- Page 622 and 623:
WHILE NOT keypress DD { reiterate u
- Page 625 and 626:
Chapter 11Screen GraphicsIII-195
- Page 627 and 628:
o DRA WBLOCK is a complex and power
- Page 629 and 630:
o If the graphic image has never be
- Page 631 and 632:
PENCOLOR and FILLSCREENTo set the c
- Page 633 and 634:
TURTLEX, TURTLEY, TURTLEANG, and SC
- Page 635 and 636:
ModeAction0 Fills area of screen wi
- Page 637 and 638:
If CHARTYPE is not called, the defa
- Page 639 and 640:
Chapter 12Program Units111-209
- Page 641 and 642:
You can list any number of units af
- Page 643 and 644:
The process of compiling an Intrins
- Page 645 and 646:
64K Note: When compiling Program Un
- Page 647 and 648:
consists of the word INTERFACE foll
- Page 649 and 650:
preceded by the procedure or functi
- Page 651 and 652:
IMPLEMENTATION{A private procedure
- Page 653 and 654:
Changing Units and Host ProgramsOne
- Page 655 and 656:
Chapter 13LibrariesIII-225
- Page 657 and 658:
o You can create a Program Library
- Page 659 and 660:
SYSTEM.LIBRARYSYSTEM.LIBRARY is the
- Page 661 and 662:
library Name FilesA Library Name Fi
- Page 663 and 664:
Using One library File With Two Pro
- Page 665 and 666:
Using Seve1ral Library Files With S
- Page 667 and 668:
program. It directs the Compiler to
- Page 669 and 670:
Chapter 14Compiler OptionsIII-239
- Page 671 and 672:
Finally, you can insert a space cha
- Page 673 and 674:
Chapter 15Large Program ManagementI
- Page 675 and 676:
The Compiler might fail to process
- Page 677 and 678:
o Use MARK and RELEASE to optimize
- Page 679 and 680:
When an Intrinsic Unit is compiled,
- Page 681 and 682:
Remember: If your program has any s
- Page 683 and 684:
Loading of SEGMENT Procedures and F
- Page 685 and 686:
PROGRAM THREE;USES BIGUHIT;SEGMEHT
- Page 687:
swapping is obviously undesirable,
- Page 690 and 691:
This chapter rounds out the Apple P
- Page 692 and 693:
o You can write assembly-language E
- Page 694 and 695:
Here is the source text for the 650
- Page 696 and 697:
Program Unit Required! The Program
- Page 698 and 699:
VAR UpKey : CHAR;DownKey : CHAR;PRO
- Page 700 and 701:
Setting the High Character BitOn Ap
- Page 702 and 703:
The CR character is used in files o
- Page 704 and 705:
After READ with a CHAR variable and
- Page 706 and 707:
Program chaining is accomplished by
- Page 708 and 709:
SWAPON, SWAPGPON, and SWAPOFF¥¥¥
- Page 710 and 711:
Using SETCV AL and GETCV AL, you ca
- Page 712 and 713:
Here is a typical process for creat
- Page 714 and 715:
The following sample procedure assu
- Page 716 and 717:
VARLoop,WordsinArray,BytesCalcBuffe
- Page 718 and 719:
FUNCTION BRANCH CH : INTEGER> PTR;V
- Page 720 and 721:
Identifierletterletterdigitundersco
- Page 722 and 723:
String TypeSTRING-~-----------.....
- Page 724 and 725:
Record Type Variant Parttagidentifi
- Page 726 and 727:
Expressionsimpleexpression___ __, .
- Page 728 and 729:
Factorunsignedconstantvariablerefer
- Page 730 and 731:
Variable Referencevariableidentifie
- Page 732 and 733:
IF Statementexpresssion statement s
- Page 734 and 735:
Function Definitionnewidentifier1--
- Page 736 and 737:
RESET Procedurefileidentifierstring
- Page 738 and 739:
READ ProcedurefileidentifierREADLN
- Page 740 and 741:
Program Unit CompilationProgram Uni
- Page 742 and 743:
Implementation SectionIMPLEMENTATIO
- Page 744 and 745:
This appendix contains further deta
- Page 746 and 747:
Underflow,.The underflow exception
- Page 748 and 749:
This section describes how real val
- Page 751 and 752:
Appendix 3CMemory Allocations for D
- Page 753 and 754:
ecord tag fields given an identifie
- Page 755 and 756:
Note that the array declarationsPAC
- Page 757 and 758:
Pascal stores ordinary (not packed)
- Page 759 and 760:
Appendix 3DUseful Assembly-Language
- Page 761 and 762:
The RMVBIAS MacroThis macro removes
- Page 763 and 764:
.ELSE. IFSTX.ELSE. IFSTY.EHDC. ENDC
- Page 765 and 766:
yte = The address of the byte whose
- Page 767 and 768:
count = The number of bytes to move
- Page 769 and 770:
The NOTBITBR MacroThis macro is the
- Page 771 and 772:
Appendix 3ESummary of 6502 OpcodesI
- Page 773 and 774:
6502 Microprocessor InstructionsADC
- Page 775 and 776:
Instruction CodesAmmblyNa ma Operal
- Page 777 and 778:
Auembly HEXNa ma Operation Addr..,l
- Page 779 and 780:
Ammbly HEXNam11 Opmllon Addressing
- Page 781 and 782:
Hex Operation Codes00- BAK01 - ORA
- Page 783 and 784:
Appendix3FTablesIII-353
- Page 785 and 786:
Reserved Words and Predeclared Iden
- Page 787 and 788:
Table F-2C. Identifiers Declared in
- Page 789:
Summary of Size limitsTable F-4. Su
- Page 794 and 795:
ContentsFigures and TablesviiPREFAC
- Page 796 and 797:
CHAPTER4The P-Machine Instruction S
- Page 798 and 799:
APPENDIX4AMemory Maps64K System Mem
- Page 800 and 801:
Figure 3-5The Order of Local Variab
- Page 803 and 804:
Chapter 1The Pascal EnvironmentIV-I
- Page 805 and 806:
Figure 1-1. The Pascal 64K SystemlE
- Page 807 and 808:
Figure 1-3. The Pascal 128K System:
- Page 809 and 810:
Main Memory PointersNP points to th
- Page 811 and 812:
Table 1-1. Version Flags Set at Loc
- Page 813 and 814:
.INTERP+4Address of the location th
- Page 815 and 816:
Chapter 2Disk FilesIV-13
- Page 817 and 818:
{First, some general declarations r
- Page 819 and 820:
GET, READ, and READLN convert DLE-b
- Page 821 and 822:
Figure 2-2. A Typical Codefilehigh
- Page 823 and 824:
Segments are not nested in codefile
- Page 825 and 826:
RECORDDISKINFO: ARRAY[0 .. 15l OFRE
- Page 827 and 828:
By the Way: Figure 2-4 shows lower
- Page 829 and 830:
o Bit 12 of the SEG INFO word is un
- Page 831 and 832:
Figure 2-5. Construction of Interfa
- Page 833 and 834:
Figure 2-6. The Code Part of a Code
- Page 835 and 836:
Figure 2-7. A Typical Procedurehigh
- Page 837 and 838:
o PARAMETER SIZE: This field specif
- Page 839 and 840:
Relocation TablesA relocation table
- Page 841 and 842:
LITYPES = CEOFMARK, UNITREF, GLOBRE
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ICOFFSET field specifies the locati
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Procedure and Function Linker Infor
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The previous chapter discussed the
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o BASE: BASE procedure pointer. Thi
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were part of the Pascal system glob
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activation records; data segments d
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A procedure call causes the operati
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Chapter4The P-Machine Instruction S
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Formats of Variables on the StackVa
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the structure when padded. Before s
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localSLDL_l 216 Short load local wo
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Byte A.rray HandlingLDB 190STB 191L
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LPA 208LDP 186STP 187UB,Load a pack
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Noninteger ComparisonsThe next six
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LNOT 147 Logical NOT. Push the one'
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XJPI72WI,W2, ,W3Case jump. WI is w
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EXIT 158 4 Exit from procedure. tos
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DecimalOpcode Mnemonic Full Name Lo
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DecimalOpcode Mnemonic Full Name Lo
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64K System MemorylExternal Language
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128K System Auxiliary MemoryAuxilia
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Blocks in a Code Segmenthigh disk a
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Segment Dictionarylow disk addresse
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Code Part of a Code Segment~.r--'-"
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6502 Procedure Attribute Tablebaser
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Program Stackhigh memory addressesS
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Activation Recordhigh memory addres
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ContentsBibliographyReference Books
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General Pascal TextbooksClancy, Mic
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Glossaryactivation: The execution o
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cold start: A startup procedurethat
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file: See disk file, external file,
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length attribute: The part of along
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POINTERLIST: A list of pointersin L
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segment table: A section of thehigh
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USES declaration: The part of aPasc
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o 48K Runtime System (Version 1.2 o
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IndexCast of Characters*(asterisk)
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ooleansassignment statements and II
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DDATA III-215data directives II-187
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Execute command, from Commandlevel
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GPWROFTEN III-83RANDOM III-85ROUND
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Link command, from Command levelII-
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0ODD function III-90OF III-117-118o
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parameters for III-130PENCOLOR III-
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Replace command ll-113-117delimiter
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storageof arrays III-328of booleans
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UNLINKED-INTRINS IV-26unsignedconst
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Apple Computer, Inc.20525 Mariani A
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