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E-International Scientific Research JournalISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 2010HYDROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OFLIBORAN RIVER, DAPITAN CITYAbstractS. Campiseño, E. Campiseño, M.R. Naguit & B. FloresJose Rizal Memorial state College – Main Campus, Dapitan CityJose Rizal Memorial state College – Main Campus, Dapitan CityJose Rizal Memorial state College – Katipunan Campus, Katipunan, ZDNJose Rizal Memorial state College – Main Campus, Dapitan CityThe water quality of Liboran River was examined to determine its present condition toserve as future reference or gauge of any effect brought about by climate change. Data onplankton composition, total coliform, phosphates, total suspended solids, as well as physicochemicalparameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and salinity were collected.Based on the results of the three surveys, the river does not qualify for a Class SA coastalwater suitable for fishery production.Keywords:coliform, Liboran River, phosphates, pH, DOIntroductionRivers are lotic or running water environment that are usually habitats to an amazingdiversity of species with abundant specialized niches (Brown, 1995). They are also sources ofwater for drinking, cleaning, bathing, washing clothes, preparing and cooking food, gardeningand even for irrigating farmlands. Moreover, they serve as source of livelihood like fishingand in some areas, quarrying.Liboran River is partly enclosing the city proper of Dapitan City (Fig 1). It has twooutlets to Dapitan Bay which completes the encirclement of the city proper: Bagting and Polo.The river has a length of 7.7 km and an area of 62.6 ha. Its depth varies from 1 m to 2.7 m. Italso receives at least six tributaries. Its greatest contributor (65.53 m 3 /sec) is Dapitan River atthe south end (SUAKCREM, 2000). The river banks are line with naturally growing andplanted mangrove trees. Milkfish grow out ponds are found on either side of the river. Fishpens and talaba cultures are evident in the river itself. Human settlements are also found alongthe river bank, particularly in Tambak and to the north and southeast of Bagting Bridge.Like any other ecosystems, rivers are also threatened by the effects of climate change.A global analysis of the potential effect of climate change on river basins indicates that manyrivers impacted by dams or extensive development will require significant managementinterventions to protect ecosystems and people. Hence, this study is helpful in understandingclimate change impacts on river system specifically the effects brought about by droughts and366
E-International Scientific Research JournalISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 2010typhoons due to the El Niňo and La Niňa phenomena. The trend towards the “shallowing”process and the flooding of rivers due to climate variability can significantly alter theconditions of river systems in terms of biodiversity composition and physical condition.Extreme drought causes rivers to dry out and this would mean the extinction of some speciesthat are not resistant or adaptable to the absence of water (Juranilla-Sanchez et al., 2007). Flashflooding after heavy rains or during typhoons causes the river to swell or overflow anddestroys the river banks and the plants that grow there. Floods also erode the soil thatsubsequently contribute to the siltation process downstream.Research Method and DesignSeven stations were established as sampling sites along the Liboran River and weresampled in June 2006 and May 2010. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature,dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, total suspended solids, phosphates and nitrates weremeasured, as well biological parameters such as total coliform, Escherichia coli and planktoncomposition.Determination of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Salinity and Temperature. In situmeasurements of dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and salinity were conducted a portableDO meter, pH meter, thermometer and refractometer, respectively in three replications.Phosphates (PO 4 -P mg/L) Analysis. Water samples in three replicates (350 ml each)were taken from the three sampling sites and were placed in a glass bottle. (Sampling bottleswere soaked with muriatic acid and washed with a phosphate free detergent before use).Samples were then placed in a styropore box with ice and were brought to Silliman UniversityMarine Laboratory for analysis.Stocks solutions of Sulphuric Acid, Ascorbic Acid, and Mixed Reagent were firstprepared. Sulphuric Acid was prepared through adding 125 ml concentrated H 2 SO 4 to waterand was diluted to 500 ml, stored in a plastic bottle. Ascorbic Acid on the other hand, wasprepared through dissolving 5.0g ascorbic acid in an amber glass bottle with 25 ml water, andadded with 25 ml sulphuric acid solution and stored in the refrigerator. Mixed Reagent wasprepared through dissolving 6.25 g (NH 4 ) 6Mo 7 0 24 .4H 2 O in 62.5 ml water. Then 0.25gpotassium antimony tartrate (with or without 1/2H 2 O) was dissolved in 10.0 ml water. Themolybdate solution was then added to 175 ml of dilute sulphuric acid with the tartrate, andwas stored in a glass bottle. Then the following were added to a test tube or scintillation vial:10 ml filtered sample, 0.2 ml ascorbic acid reagent, and 0.2 ml mixed reagent. Absorbance at880 nm was measured between 5 and 30 minutes. The concentration of PO 4 -P in mg/L is givenby the formula of Spotte as quoted by Argente (2009):C u =C s V s A sV u AsWhere: C u = the concentration of the unknown in mg PO 4 -P/LC s = the concentration of the standard in mg PO 4 -P /LA u = the absorbance of the unknownA s = the absorbance of standard367
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