PRE-AP WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 8 TAKE-HOME TEST You ...

was a struggle, long foreseen and calmly prepared for, recognized as a necessity by theCabinet, not for territorial aggrandizement, for an extension of our domain, or for materialadvantage, but for an ideal end--the establishment of power. Not a foot of land was exactedfrom Austria, but she had to renounce all part in the hegemony of Germany. . . Austria hadexhausted her strength in conquests south of the Alps, and left the western German provincesunprotected, instead of following the road pointed out by the Danube. Its center of gravitylayout of Germany; Prussia's lay within it. Prussia felt itself called upon and strong enough toassume the leadership of the German races.39. How does this man justify war with Austria? (3 pts)Otto von Bismarck: 1866We had to avoid wounding Austria too severely; we had to avoid leaving behind in her anyunnecessary bitterness of feeling or desire for revenge; we ought rather to reserve thepossibility of becoming friends again with our adversary of the moment, and in any case toregard the Austrian state as a piece on the European chessboard. If Austria were severelyinjured, she would become the ally of France and of every other opponent of ours; she wouldeven sacrifice her anti-Russian interests for the sake of revenge on Prussia. . . .Theacquisition of provinces like Austria Silesia and portions of Bohemia could not strengthen thePrussian state; it would not lead to an amalgamation of German Austria with Prussia, andVienna could not be governed from Berlin as a mere dependency. . . .Austria's conflict andrivalry with us was no more culpable than ours with her; our task was the establishment orfoundation of German national unity under the leadership of the King of Prussia.40. What does Bismarck mean by stating that Austria is a “piece on the Europeanchessboard”? (3 pts)41. Why did Germany avoid “wounding Austria too severely”? (3 pts)Literary Movements.In Paris, during the 1848 revolutions, the people took to the streets to protest thegovernment and the poor economic situation. In the usual French form, violence was theorder of the day. They people set up barricades in the streets to block the advancement ofgovernment troops. In Les Miserables, Victor Hugo provides this vivid description of one ofthe many barricades built by the revolutionaries of Paris:“The barricade Saint Antoine was monstrous; it was three stories high and seven hundredfeet long…It was the collaboration of the pavement, the pebble, the timber, the iron bar, thechip, the broken square, the stripped chair, the cabbage stump, the scrap, the rag…Its crestwas thorny with muskets, with swords, with clubs, with axes, with pikes, and with bayonets;a huge red flag fluttered in the wind; there were heard cries of command, songs of attack,the roll of the drum, the sobs of the women, and the dark wild laughter of the starving…Thespirit of revolution covered…that summit whereon growled this voice of the people which is

like the voice of God; a strange majesty emanated from that titanic hodful of refuse. It wasa garbage heap and it was Sinai.”42. Based on this excerpt how would you describe Hugo’s political views? Why? (3 pts)43. How does this excerpt define Hugo as a romantic? (3 pts)Quotations. The following quotations were stated by Otto von Bismarck ofPrussia. Explain what each quote says about Bismarck and his views of powerand government. (2 pts each)44. “All treaties between great states cease to be binding when they come into conflictwith the struggle for existence.45. “A government must not waver once it has chosen its course. It must not look to theleft or right but go forward.”