Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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Table of ContentsList of Figures ............................................................................................................................ vList of Tables ........................................................................................................................... xAcknowledgments ................................................................................................................... xiChapter 1: Project Goals and Methods .................................................................................... 1Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1Brief Historical Background ............................................................................................... 3Project Activities ................................................................................................................. 4Private versus Public Ownership Concerns ........................................................................ 7Intended Use of These Research Findings .......................................................................... 7Historical Research Methodology ....................................................................................... 7Public Outreach ................................................................................................................... 10Chapter 2: Early History of the Old Federal Road .................................................................. 22Origins.................................................................................................................................. 22Building a Federal Road ....................................................................................................... 33Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-1814 ............................................................................... 37Traveling the Federal Road, 1814-1820 ............................................................................... 41Federal Involvement in the Federal Road ............................................................................. 46Later History of the Federal Road ........................................................................................ 47Chapter 3: Mobile and Washington Counties ............................................................................ 52Tracing the Old Federal Road .............................................................................................. 52Historic Sites in Mobile County ......................................................................................... 59Fort Stoddert ................................................................................................................... 59Mount Vernon Cantonment and Arsenal ......................................................................... 66Historic Sites in Washington County .................................................................................. 69Hollinger’s/Carson’s Ferry ............................................................................................. 69Chapter 4: Baldwin and Escambia Counties ............................................................................. 72Tracing the Old Federal Road ............................................................................................. 72Historic Sites in Baldwin County ........................................................................................ 83Fort Mims and Mims’s Ferry .......................................................................................... 83ii
Fort Peirce ....................................................................................................................... 85Fort Montgomery ............................................................................................................ 87Cantonment Montpelier, Tate Cemetery and the Tunstall House ................................... 92Montgomery Hill ............................................................................................................ 96Historic Sites in Escambia County ....................................................................................... 97Jack Springs .................................................................................................................... 97Chapter 5: Monroe and Conecuh Counties ............................................................................. 100Tracing the Old Federal Road .......................................................................................... 100Historic Sites in Monroe and Conecuh Counties ............................................................... 116C. Stewart and P. Downey Inn ...................................................................................... 116McMillan Inn ................................................................................................................ 117Burnt Corn Springs/James Cornell’s House ................................................................. 119Burnt Corn .................................................................................................................... 120Dr. Watkin’s House ...................................................................................................... 123Longmire’s Tavern/Fort Warren ................................................................................... 125Middleton Stage Stop and Cemetery ............................................................................ 127Holley’s Store ............................................................................................................... 128Anderson Stage Stop ..................................................................................................... 128Fort Claiborne and the Town of Claiborne ................................................................... 130Chapter 6: Butler County ....................................................................................................... 140Tracing the Old Federal Road ......................................................................................... 140Historic Sites in Butler County ...................................................................................... 147Poplar Springs/Ogly-Stroud Massacre Site .............................................................. 147The Palings Stage Stop ............................................................................................. 148Fort Dale and Fort Dale Cemetery ............................................................................... 149Chapter 7: Lowndes County .................................................................................................. 154Tracing the Old Federal Road .......................................................................................... 154Historic Sites in Lowndes County ..................................................................................... 164Fort Deposit .................................................................................................................. 164Weatherford’s Stand ..................................................................................................... 165James Spurlock Williamson House .............................................................................. 166iii
Page 4 and 5: Chapter 8: Montgomery County ......
Page 6 and 7: 4-1. Alabama county map highlightin
Page 8 and 9: 6-7. Butler County detail of John L
Page 10 and 11: 10-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1Project Goals and MethodsI
Page 14 and 15: Brief Historical BackgroundThe Old
Page 16 and 17: the road, and surveyed the relevant
Page 19 and 20: shown on historic maps, while many
Page 21 and 22: and other troop units to submit rep
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1-2. Robert Leslie Smith at
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1-7. Annie Crenshaw, Raven C
Page 29 and 30: newly appointed Commissioner of the
Page 31 and 32: various historical sources. Phyllis
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2Early History of the Old F
Page 35: quality stones, copper and mica fro
Page 38 and 39: would become the southern portion o
Page 40 and 41: Meigs (U.S. agent to the Cherokees)
Page 42 and 43: same instant, and the chance of dis
Page 44 and 45: In his latitude calculations Briggs
Page 46 and 47: force rapid mail service through an
Page 48 and 49: Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-18
Page 50 and 51: According to Hawkins, “Thomas Mer
Page 52 and 53:
Moniac’s “Statement of property
Page 54 and 55:
Federal Road west of Line Creek are
Page 56 and 57:
Figure 2-7. Detail from John Melish
Page 58 and 59:
and 1811 have not been found. In 18
Page 60 and 61:
14 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
Page 62 and 63:
56 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
Page 64 and 65:
Piatt at Fort Stoddert. Piatt was i
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 3-4. Detail of Abraham Bradl
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 3-7. Detail of William Darby
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 3-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale
Page 72 and 73:
He also complained Fort Stoddert di
Page 74 and 75:
command of Capt Skyler. The discipl
Page 76 and 77:
Brett McWilliams, a local artifact
Page 78 and 79:
now in poor condition (Figures 3-14
Page 80 and 81:
Historic Sites in Washington County
Page 82 and 83:
19 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquerin
Page 84 and 85:
The Old Federal Road traversed the
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 4-4. Detail of James Weakley
Page 88 and 89:
The condition of the Old Federal Ro
Page 90 and 91:
The Old Federal Road crosses the Ba
Page 92 and 93:
Figure 4-12. A possible remnant of
Page 94 and 95:
Historic Sites in Baldwin CountyFor
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 4-16. View of the old Mims
Page 98 and 99:
and were not accessible for revisit
Page 100 and 101:
Figure 4-18. Military buttons from
Page 102 and 103:
Figure 4-21. Military artifacts fro
Page 104 and 105:
Figure 4-23. Tunstall house on High
Page 106 and 107:
Figure 4-26. U.S. military buttons
Page 108 and 109:
Historic Sites in Escambia CountyTh
Page 110 and 111:
Archives, National Archives and Rec
Page 112 and 113:
earlier survey. Segments of the roa
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 5-5. Detail of John Melish
Page 116 and 117:
Figure 5-8. Detail of John LaTouret
Page 118 and 119:
Figure 5-10. Fletcher Hale’s copy
Page 120 and 121:
Figure 5-13. The Old Federal Road i
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 5-16. Dirt section of Conecu
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Figure 5-19. The Old Federal Road i
Page 126 and 127:
The portion of the Old Federal Road
Page 128 and 129:
McMillan Stage Stop. Scotsman Dunca
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 5-26. Map showing McMillan
Page 132 and 133:
Figure 5-27. Lowrey’s Store, Post
Page 134 and 135:
Dr. Watkins’s House. Dr. John Wat
Page 136 and 137:
Longmire’s Inn/Fort Warren. Sever
Page 138 and 139:
not be investigated archaeologicall
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 5-35. Anderson Stage Stop in
Page 142 and 143:
provisions depot. However, when the
Page 144 and 145:
When spring 1818 brought more murde
Page 146 and 147:
Figure 5-41. William Weakley’s 18
Page 148 and 149:
Figure 5-44. William Barrett Travis
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Henneberry, 1895), 241-242; Robert
Page 152 and 153:
Figure 6-3. James Weakley’s 1847
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Henry Tanner’s 1823 map of Alabam
Page 156 and 157:
The Old Federal Road spans the nort
Page 158 and 159:
Figure 6-13. Entrenched section of
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 6-14. The Palings stage stop
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the county. The landowners granted
Page 164 and 165:
1 John Buckner Little, History of B
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Figure 7-2. Federal Road on Thomas
Page 168 and 169:
John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama
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Figure 7-8. Fletcher Hale’s map d
Page 172 and 173:
Figure 7-11. Old Federal Road and G
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Figure 7-14. Entrenched section of
Page 176 and 177:
morning salute, then turning our ca
Page 178 and 179:
Chapter 8Montgomery CountyTracing t
Page 180 and 181:
Figure 8-4. Old Federal Road (not l
Page 182 and 183:
Figure 8-7. Detail of John Melish
Page 184 and 185:
Fletcher Hale’s maps depict the o
Page 186 and 187:
A short distance beyond where the G
Page 188 and 189:
Where the Old Federal Road crosses
Page 190 and 191:
modern Alabama place names, Opelika
Page 192 and 193:
stopped “near Macnac’s” to co
Page 194 and 195:
prairies which you have frequently
Page 196 and 197:
Figure 8-21. Topographic map with a
Page 198 and 199:
Figure 8-22. Unit 2 chronologically
Page 200 and 201:
Pickett says she settled on the eas
Page 202 and 203:
contained 84 gravesites dating from
Page 204 and 205:
16 Clarence Edwin Carter, The Terri
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Figure 9-2. Old Federal Road on Jam
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Figure 9-5. Detail of an anonymous
Page 210 and 211:
east onto County Road 2 (Figure 9-9
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Figure 9-12. The Old Federal Road t
Page 214 and 215:
Figure 9-15. Dirt segment of Boromv
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of Little Prince and Opothle Yoholo
Page 218 and 219:
Redsticks, marched from the Chattah
Page 220 and 221:
Figure 9-19. Fletcher Hale’s map
Page 222 and 223:
Warrior’s sons-in-law Captain Wal
Page 224 and 225:
Chapter 10Russell CountyTracing the
Page 226 and 227:
Figure 10-3. Detail of Abraham Brad
Page 228 and 229:
Figure 10-7. Detail of John LaToure
Page 230 and 231:
Figure 10-10. Old Federal Road on p
Page 232 and 233:
Figure 10-13. Section of Old Federa
Page 234 and 235:
Figure 10-16. The Old Federal Road
Page 236 and 237:
Kendall Lewis, son-in-law of Big Wa
Page 238 and 239:
Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and An
Page 240 and 241:
A National Cemetery was created at
Page 242 and 243:
6 Benton, The Very Worst Road, 65-6
Page 244 and 245:
The Old Federal Road RouteOur archa
Page 246 and 247:
We have devoted considerable effort
Page 248 and 249:
Our 1723 Chickasaw map offers a gli
Page 250 and 251:
of the old-growth forests and to pl
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 11-6. Detail from David Tait
Page 254 and 255:
As we have seen, most Americans saw
Page 256 and 257:
towns and settled for a time at Pol
Page 258 and 259:
home on the left, the 1902 Hinson h
Page 260 and 261:
parks or educational centers. The m
Page 262 and 263:
Appendix 1Extracts from Benjamin Ha
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E. Bearing east.32 + c. r. 15/ oak
Page 266 and 267:
N.EBearing northeast.36. path to th
Page 268 and 269:
Course and Admeasurement2 pole Chai
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S. 61 E. 17 “N. 83 E. 7 “N. 82
Page 272 and 273:
E. 16 “S. 83 E. 9 “S. 87 E. 8
Page 274 and 275:
N. 34 E. 14 “N. 30 E. 16 “N. 24
Page 276 and 277:
N. 64 E. 9 “N. 40 E. 9 “N. 25 E
Page 278 and 279:
N. 19 E. 5 “N. 44 E. 7 “[page 5
Page 280 and 281:
N. 72 E. 16 “N. 71 E. 10 “N. 79
Page 282 and 283:
N. 77 E. 5 “N. 69 E. 4 “N. 64 E
Page 284 and 285:
N. 36 E. 7 “N. 54 E. 9 “N. 52 E
Page 286 and 287:
[page 97]N. 61˚ E. 7 Chains. The S
Page 288 and 289:
N. 12 E. 7 “N. 32 E. 10 “N. 36
Page 290 and 291:
N. 66˚ E. 4 ChainsN. 28 E. 7 “N.
Page 292 and 293:
XIIIIIII. Prairies or Glades the qu
Page 294 and 295:
N. 27 E. 1 “N. 1 W. 2 “[page 14
Page 296 and 297:
No 9: Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Gran
Page 298 and 299:
Blue Spruce, Duane, and Tanya Thras
Page 300 and 301:
Ethridge, Robbie, Creek Country: Th
Page 302 and 303:
Potter, Stephen R., and Gregory A.
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Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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