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Stable. Next <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> closed forest biome, this is <strong>the</strong> most threatened of Afghanistan’s fourmajor biomes.This biome was originally an open meadow woodland of pistachio, almond and juniperstrees depending upon elevation. Today, it is primarily dry shrubland as a result of a varietyof human pressures.Satellite-image analyses by UNEP (2003) showed that in 1977 woodlands withdensities of 40 – 100 trees per ha were detected on 55 per cent of <strong>the</strong> land base inBadghis Province and on 37 per cent in Takhar Province. In 2002 <strong>the</strong> density ofwoodlands had decreased in both provinces <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> point where <strong>the</strong>y could no longerbe detected by satellite instruments indicating reduction in density <strong>to</strong>
The oak forests of Paktiya and Khost are being heavily utilized for firewood in <strong>the</strong> cities.Wingard et al (2008) estimated <strong>the</strong> annual trade volume of firewood in Kabul at 585 000m³ of which 57% is oak and 43% juniper, primarily from Paktiya and Khost Provinces.Wingard et al (2008) estimate that this results in <strong>the</strong> destruction of 10 000 ha of oak forestand 15 000 ha of juniper forest each year.Between 2006 and 2008, WCS under<strong>to</strong>ok a study <strong>to</strong> determine presence of mammals inNuristan. Because of security constraints, WCS and government personnel were unable<strong>to</strong> visit Nuristan, so local people were trained <strong>to</strong> collect data by direct observation,interviews with knowledgeable people, camera trapping, and DNA analysis of scat(Karlstetter 2008). This is <strong>the</strong> first study of Nuristan wildlife since <strong>the</strong> late 1970s at whichtime ecosystems were largely intact and wildlife was still abundant (Pe<strong>to</strong>cz and Larrson1977).Direct evidence was found for presence of leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), greywolf (Canis lupus), golden jackal (Canis aureus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Asiatic blackbear (Ursus thibetanus), markhor (Capra falconeri), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta),crested porcupine (Hystrix indica), yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) and perhaps<strong>the</strong> first Afghan sighting of <strong>the</strong> common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Localpeople suggested that common leopard (Pan<strong>the</strong>ra pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia),lynx (Lynx lynx), brown bear (Ursus arc<strong>to</strong>s), and musk deer (Moschus cupreus) still occurin Nuristan. No reliable information was obtained about <strong>the</strong> occurrence of Pallas' cat(O<strong>to</strong>colobus manul), jungle cat (Felis chaus), wild cat (Felis silvestris), ibex (Caprasiberica), or urial (Ovis orientalis). Because of constraints in <strong>the</strong> data, no estimate ofabundance could be made, but <strong>the</strong> study does show that considerable mammaliandiversity still exists in Nuristan.Chapter II – Biodiversity Conservation Planning and ImplementationArticle 6(a) of <strong>the</strong> CBD states that parties shall develop or adapt national strategies, plansor programmes for <strong>the</strong> conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. Thischapter provides an overview of Afghanistan’s efforts <strong>to</strong> plan for biodiversity conservationand of <strong>the</strong> implementation projects that have been undertaken <strong>to</strong> protect biodiversity.As well, a series of decisions at COP8 in 2006 (CBD 2006) requests parties <strong>to</strong> submitinformation on particular strategic approaches through <strong>the</strong> national reporting. This chapteralso provides an overview of <strong>the</strong> actions taken <strong>to</strong> implement <strong>the</strong> CBD in Afghanistan withspecial reference <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>se COP8 decisions.2.1 Biodiversity Conservation PlanningSince 2002, Afghanistan has undertaken considerable environmental planning much ofwhich has implications of biodiversity conservation. However, <strong>to</strong> date, <strong>the</strong>re has only beenone planning exercise undertaken specifically <strong>to</strong> address <strong>the</strong> provisions of <strong>the</strong> CBD.Broader, mainstreamed environmental planning initiatives are described in Chapter III.2.1.1 <strong>National</strong> Biodiversity Strategy and Action PlanArticle 36(1) of Afghanistan’s EL (Section 3.1.3.2.) states that NEPA shall prepare a<strong>National</strong> Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), that addresses both in-situ andex-situ conservation, within two years of <strong>the</strong> Act’s entry in<strong>to</strong> force; i.e., by 25 January 2009.Afghanistan’s <strong>Fourth</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity30 March, 200911
Page 4: Executive SummaryThis report compri
Page 7 and 8: • Write a NBSAP for Afghanistan i
Page 9 and 10: 3.1. AFGHANISTAN’S BIODIVERSITY L
Page 13 and 14: IntroductionIn April 2002,
Page 15 and 16: status in Afghanistan for which we
Page 17 and 18: number of assumptions, as much as h
Page 19 and 20: appears to be a co
Page 21: declining population for th
Page 25 and 26: 7. Establish community-based manage
Page 27 and 28: institutional, legal and human capa
Page 29 and 30: 2.2.3. Wildlife Conservation Societ
Page 31 and 32: people understand the</stro
Page 33 and 34: The policies are addressing how cha
Page 35 and 36: • Article 41 states that
Page 37 and 38: ecognize the role
Page 39 and 40: 3.2.4. National En
Page 41 and 42: • UNFCCC Focal Point NEPA• Ozon
Page 43 and 44: SEA’s mission is protection of <s
Page 45 and 46: Afghanistan is not a Party
Page 47 and 48: the individual, or
Page 49 and 50: Estada, although nobody has reporte
Page 51 and 52: • Figure 6. Trend in Afghanistan
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.8. Goal 8. Maintain capacity of
Page 55 and 56: • SCAPoWPA funding to</st
Page 57 and 58: Convention.4.2. Ev
Page 59 and 60: Literature CitedBai Z.G., Dent D.L.
Page 61 and 62: Morarjee, R. and S. Fidler. 2007. F
Page 63 and 64: UNEP-WCMC. 2009. UNEP-WCMC Species
Page 65 and 66: Process of Preparation of N
Page 67 and 68: Appendix II: furthe</strong
Page 69 and 70: Journal of Biology 19: 269-76.9.
Page 71 and 72: 25. Lapparent, A. F. 1966. Les dép
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22. Finn, F. 1896. List of
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Afghanistan. 119-64.64. Nogge, G. 1
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Unpubl. rpt.Dasht-i- Nawar1. Breckl
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5. ———. 1973. Reorganization
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Sci. Nat. Brun. 12: 1-45.25. Nalban
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UenoKyoto: Kyo<str
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Scientific Expedition to</s
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28. Habibi, K. "The vertebrate faun
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64. ———. 1966. Zur Ernährung
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100. Tokuda, M. 1966. On a vole and
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22. Schaller, G. B., and A. Kang. 2
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31. ———. 1971. Ist Diarthron
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(Contribution to <
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98. Lapparent, A. F. de. 1962. Obse
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(contributions to
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Afghanistan.Asian Development Bank
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23. Steven C. Anderson, S. C., and
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24. ———. 1968. The wildfowl a
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1.1.5 …complete protected area sy
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1.4.2 Identify appropriate measurab
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As noted in Section 3.3.2., several
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3.1.11 Cooperate with neighbouring
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3.5.1 Establish or strength
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(ii) A preliminary assessment of <s
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Appendix IV: National</stro
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Prionailurus bengalensis Leopard Ca
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Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Par
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Table 2. Summary of listings for Af
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Table 4. Afghan languages at risk f
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Figure 2. Afghanistan’s major bio
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Figure 4. Status of WWF ecoregions
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Afghanistan's Cons
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Afghanistan's Bioc
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