Dissertation - FTP Directory Listing - University of Surrey

TABLE OF FIGURESCHAPTER 1Figure 1.1 A CCD image of the moons craters using the Fairchild 100x100 pixel CCD [4] ....................... 1CHAPTER 2Figure 2.1 Energy band gap in silicon [10] ................................................................................................ 3Figure 2.2 Wavelength dependence of absorption length and coefficient for silicon [11] ...................... 5Figure 2.3 Showing charge generation in photodiode [2] ........................................................................ 6Figure 2.4 Showing different operating modes of the MOS capacitor ................................................... 8Figure 2.5 Cross sectional diagram and timings for a 3 phase CCD [12] ................................................. 10Figure 2.6 A frame transfer CCD [10] ...................................................................................................... 11Figure 2.7 An interline transfer CCD [10] ................................................................................................ 12Figure 2.8 Showing the chip structure of (a) CCD and (b) CMOS image sensors [11] ............................. 13Figure 2.9 NMOS transistor operating in ohmic mode [13] .................................................................... 14Figure 2.10 NMOS transistor operating in ohmic mode [14] .................................................................. 14Figure 2.11 NMOS transistor showing pinch-off point [14] .................................................................... 14Figure 2.12 NMOS transistor in saturation mode [14] ............................................................................ 15Figure 2.13 MOSFET response for changing values of V GS [15] ............................................................... 15Figure 2.14 Passive pixel sensor schematic [2] ....................................................................................... 16Figure 2.15 3T Active pixel sensor schematic [11] .................................................................................. 17Figure 2.16 4T Active pixel sensor with photogate [11] .......................................................................... 18Figure 2.17 Ideal photon transfer curve showing separate noise regimes [23] ..................................... 22Figure 2.18 Functional block diagram of image sensor [23] ................................................................... 25Figure 2.19 Showing full and shot PTC [23] ............................................................................................. 28Figure 2.20 The Aspect test system ...................................................................................................... 29Figure 2.21 The Aspect test system, inside the black box .................................................................... 30Figure 2.22 Showing stitching method [25] ............................................................................................ 31Figure 2.23 Showing region of reset configurations [29] ........................................................................ 31Figure 2.24 Pixel schematic for LAS [29] ................................................................................................. 32Figure 2.25 Sensor layout for eLeNA [30] ............................................................................................... 32Figure 2.26 FORTIS sensor layout [33] .................................................................................................... 34Figure 2.27 Basic 4T pixel layout [33] ....................................................................................................... 35Figure 2.28 Readout structure of TEMAPSro chip [34] ........................................................................... 36Figure 2.29 Binning circuitry for X2X1 binning mode [34] ...................................................................... 36CHAPTER 3Figure 3.1 Experimental setup for investigating LED light uniformity .................................................. 37Figure 3.2 Experimental setup for extended quantum efficiency measurements ............................... 39vi