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Trends and Challenges - Human Factors Integration Defence ...

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DAESRole - To support cross-cutting decision making, readiness<strong>and</strong> acquisition of military systems <strong>and</strong> capabilities by makingbest use of analysis, experimentation <strong>and</strong> simulationMoDECC/Directors of Equipment CapabilityDAESProjectsResearch<strong>Defence</strong> Equipment & SupportIPTsDstlOthers(e.g.. QinetiQ)* Joint Training & Common Simulation Infrastructure (JBTSE IPT)* Test & Evaluation* NITEworks ExperimentationEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


DAES – Some AES Capabilities We Impact OnQinetiQ T&ELTPA Sites <strong>and</strong>UK-BasedTraining SystemsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Why Simulation?EquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Why do Armed Forces Use Simulation?• Cost– e.g. reduce fuel bill & maintenance costs• Risk– e.g. risks to warfighter• Environment– e.g. lack of space, noise• Predicting the Future– e.g. for analysis, experimentation, acquisition“All but War is Simulation”EquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


• 'Live‘Types of Simulation• real people operating real equipment in a real environment withsimulated effects.• 'Virtual‘• real people operating simulated equipment in a simulatedenvironment with simulated effects.• 'Constructive‘• real people directing simulated personnel in a simulatedenvironment with simulated equipment <strong>and</strong> effects• Synthetic Environments• A computer-based representation of the real world, usually acurrent or future battle space, within which any combination of'players' may interact. The 'players' may be computer models,simulations, people or instrumented real equipments.EquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Simulation ApplicationsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Simulation Applications• Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Staff TrainingEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


• Vehicle SimulationSimulation ApplicationsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Lynx Mk 7/9 - Middle Wallop & WattishamGR4 - Lossiemouth & MarhamNimrod MRA4 - KinlossC-130J - LynehamTyphoon - ConingsbyLeuchars & LeemingWAH64 - Middle WallopWattisham & DishforthRN Lynx Mk8 - YeoviltonHawk - ValleyRN Merlin - CuldroseEquipmentCapabilityCustomerChinook, Merlin & Puma(MSHAFT) - BensonDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


• Weapon TrainingSimulation ApplicationsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


• Live TrainingSimulation ApplicationsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Live/Virtual/Constructive• Capability to enhanceexperimentation <strong>and</strong>training value throughintegration of live <strong>and</strong>synthetic forces• enables enhanced liveexercises with joint,network-enabled,effects-based operationsacross largegeographical areas <strong>and</strong>with varied assets,which are rarelyavailable in real life.• forces trainees to thinkabout the 48-72 hourbattle, beyond what is‘behind the first hill’, <strong>and</strong>in 3 dimensions.EquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Future Potential - Live <strong>Integration</strong>EquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Main Current/Future Collective Training Programmes• Maritime Composite Training System(MCTS)– Phase 1 will concentrate on the shore based trainingcapability to support Warfare Team Training at a platformlevel including a Common Synthetic Environment Control(CSEC).• Mission Training through DistributedSimulation (MTDS)– The purpose of UK MTDS will be to provide operationalteam <strong>and</strong> CT for the Air participants in the joint battlespace.A Capability Concept Demonstrator is funded.• Network Enabled Training Capability (L<strong>and</strong>)NETC(L)– NETC (L) describes the procurement of the L<strong>and</strong> domainFuture Family of Collective Training Capabilities.EquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Developments in SimulationEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Priority JCT InteractionsAir <strong>and</strong> Aviation in Maritime Component OpsLittoral Manoeuvre Ops onlyAir <strong>and</strong> Aviation in L<strong>and</strong> Component OpsGround Manoeuvre OpsAviation, GM & LM in Air Component OpsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Joint Collective Training -ProvenanceProject HOBART Definition of JCT:JCT is training that aims to improve the ability of Joint <strong>and</strong> singleenvironmentteams, of any nature or scale, to operate as cohesive entities ina Joint Context, in order to deliver required Joint operational capability.CJO’s s JOINT SIMULATION & DISTRIBUTED TRAININGPOLICY STATEMENTOver the next decade, develop <strong>and</strong> enhance all aspects of JointCollective Training, including provision of multinational, inter-agency <strong>and</strong>joint context for both joint <strong>and</strong> single Service training by aggressivelyexploiting future developments in simulation technology <strong>and</strong> distributedtraining capability to ensure that the operational environment duringoperational/tactical training is accurately replicated, thereby embracing theethos of training as we fight.NETC(L) VisionThe L<strong>and</strong> component of a <strong>Defence</strong>-wide, integrated approach to the delivery ofCollective Training capability. Achieved through routine linkage of a range ofenhanced training systems, coherent, common infrastructures <strong>and</strong> the ability todeliver <strong>and</strong> support deployed training through reach back.The Vision for the RAF’s s Air Synthetic TrainingAll Force Elements able to train in a realistic, complex <strong>and</strong>hostile joint scenario with real or representative equipment.The Vision provides the unifying purpose; the following endstatefor 2015 adds objective measures relevant to the syntheticenvironment:A synthetic training environment that contributes to theconduct of the full spectrum of training from operationalconversion through to mission rehearsal; to include all elementsof Air C2, component- <strong>and</strong> operational-level battlestaff; to beexecuted from Main <strong>and</strong> Deployed Operating Bases <strong>and</strong> acentral facility; to be integrated across the joint environmentwhen appropriate in order to provide joint collective training.[1][1] Coherent with the Strike Comm<strong>and</strong> Exercise Programme Review Endstate,which includes being able ‘to provide air <strong>and</strong> joint training opportunities directlylinked to, <strong>and</strong> fully supporting, military essential tasks required of ForceElements (including Air C2), fully embracing the synthetic environment’.EquipmentCapabilityCustomerJCT Capability Management StrategyVMT Concept - The Ends“… a flexible, responsive, fully integrated (warfare) training paradigm thatsupports OC, by ensuring that individuals <strong>and</strong> teams have the competenciesrequired to carry out allocated tasks <strong>and</strong> units have the ability to train whendeployed …”2SL DNTE/Fleet ACOS(T) VMT ConOps, Jul 02MoD Simulation Strategy VisionCost effective, interoperable <strong>and</strong> rapidly reconfigurable simulation systems facilitatingnetwork enabled defence capabilityEndstate for 2015 <strong>and</strong> beyond adds objective measuresSimulation systems that contribute to the full spectrum of defence applications from analysis<strong>and</strong> experimentation through acquisition <strong>and</strong> training, to warfare development <strong>and</strong> missionpreparation to be integrated across defence where appropriate in order to replicate theContemporary Operating EnvironmentThe key objectives for defence simulation aim to align with the NEC vision <strong>and</strong> are:• One general-purpose network;• One Joint Operations Picture (convergence with C4I);• One security architecture;• Service Orientated Architecture;• Open architecture, m<strong>and</strong>ated st<strong>and</strong>ards (particularly at the interfaces);• Joint <strong>and</strong> Coalition interoperability;• Single family of common services (CGF, scenarios, terrain, environmental data);• One managed globally accessible information domain. DAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


MoD Vision for Simulation• Aggressively exploit developments inlive, virtual <strong>and</strong> constructive simulation<strong>and</strong> networking technology to ensurethat the operational environment is costeffectively replicated in support ofoperational/tactical training <strong>and</strong>capability acquisition.EquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


High Level MoD Customer Requirements• We must be able to “simulate as we fight” for current<strong>and</strong> future operations– Our simulations must be interoperable <strong>and</strong> reconfigurable.– We do not want to be locked into proprietary data st<strong>and</strong>ards.– We want common simulation scenario <strong>and</strong> support tools– We want our simulations to be compatible with <strong>and</strong>interoperate with the simulations used by Industry <strong>and</strong> ourAllies– We want our simulations to interoperate with our CIS– We want to maximise the exploitation of technology driven bycomputer games <strong>and</strong> Internet sectorsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


UK MoD Simulation StrategyRecommendations of the 1* Draft MoD Strategy:-• New simulation systems, <strong>and</strong> legacy systems on update,used across <strong>Defence</strong>, including analysis, experimentation,acquisition, warfare development <strong>and</strong> training, are to:– Be progressively networked– Use open industry st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong> architectures– Have a m<strong>and</strong>ated minimum level of interoperability– Make maximum use of common services (e.g. computer generatedforces, scenarios <strong>and</strong> environmental data )– Be rapidly reconfigurable <strong>and</strong> adaptable– Make maximum use of COTS technology• MoD will provide, through the <strong>Defence</strong> CommonSimulation Infrastructure & Services DCSIS Project,simulation-based capabilities with common infrastructure<strong>and</strong> servicesEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


<strong>Defence</strong> Common Simulation Infrastructure <strong>and</strong> Services(DCSIS)UK SimulationSystemsNetwork ServicesCommonSimulationServicesGeo 3D DataOrbats Scenarios Tools CGFEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


JCT Output ExampleThe Output for an element of Joint Fires might look like:Air L<strong>and</strong> FiresJoint Interactions:PlanningExecutionCombat assessmentAir/L<strong>and</strong> battlestaffISR, FACs, CAS, BH (SHwith troops for fire ), l<strong>and</strong>manoeuvre elementsbattlestaff, ISTAR, FACs,CASLiveVCMar Air L<strong>and</strong>RAIDSTESMTDSCATTFJ SimsMSHATFMTWSCASTIllustrative onlyEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Simulation TechnologySpecialistSimulation - 1940SpecialistSimulation - 1958SpecialistSimulation - 1979EquipmentCapabilityCustomerSpecialistSimulation - 1998SpecialistSimulation - 2002COTS (Game)Simulation - 2005DAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Joint Convoy Operations Virtual Environment (JCOVE)• Current COTSEU deployed (VBS1) system consists of:– 18 player stations• Driver, Comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> Top gunner• Voice Over IP or PRR or Motorola communications– 2 Instructor stations• A number of scenarios including• IED & VBIED• Ambush (small arms <strong>and</strong> RPG)• Civilian Crowds• Coalition flanking forces• Recordable after action reviewEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Other Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS)MSN Virtual EarthGoogle EarthEquipmentCapabilityCustomerGoogle Earth 3D TexturesGoogle 3D WarehouseDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


<strong>Challenges</strong>EquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


Simulation <strong>and</strong> the Military?SimulationAvailabilityEquipmentCapabilityCustomerTimeDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


<strong>Challenges</strong>• Adapting training <strong>and</strong> training systems toCurrent <strong>and</strong> Future Ops• Putting training at equal priority in equipmentterms as the platform/equipment itself• The training system must reflect theplatform/equipment through life• Move to central services for simulation• Exploiting COTS at the same rate as current<strong>and</strong> future opponentsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation


QuestionsEquipmentCapabilityCustomerDAESAnalysis-Experimentation-Simulation

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