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Contents1 Introduction 161.1 The Challenges Facing Secondary Cities 161.2 Scope of the Book 171.3 Contents of the Book 192 Secondary Cities: Definitions and Concepts 202.1 Literature Review 222.2 Broadening the Definition of Secondary Cities 242.3 Redefinition of the Term “Secondary City” 252.3.1 Hierarchy of Cities 252.3.2 Functional Hierarchy of Cities 262.3.3 System of Global Cities 272.3.4 Typology of Secondary Cities 282.3.5 Functional Specialization of Secondary Cities 332.4 Merging Hierarchy and Functions of Systems of Secondary Cities 342.5 New Working Definition of the Secondary City 372.6 Elaboration of the Functions of Systems of Secondary Cities 393 Secondary City Urbanization Trends and Patterns 403.1 Urban Growth Trends 403.2 Growth in the Number of World Cities 433.3 Geographic Primacy and Dispersion of Cities 443.3.1 Levels of Primacy-Selected Countries 453.4 Urban Footprints 463.4.1 Spatial Distortions in Economies of Secondary Cities 483.5 Trade, Economic Growth and Development of Cities 523.5.1 Growing Trade Between Megacities 533.5.2 Trade in Secondary Cities 533.5.3 Characteristics of the Economies of Secondary Cities 543.5.4 Differences Between Coastal and Inland Secondary Cities 563.5.5 Competitiveness of Secondary Cities 583.6 Human Development Indicators and Poverty in Secondary Cities 593.7 Environmental Factors and Climate Change in Secondary Cities 633.8 Future Drivers of Economic Development in Secondary Cities 64