Chapter 25 Text - APAblog.org

MIDDLE EAST, 1919–193540°N30°E 40°E50°EBlack Seaİstanbul(Constantinople)AnkaraGREECEAnatolianPeninsulaARMENIATURKEY(Republic established 1923)KURDISTANSOVIETUNIONCaspianSea0400 kilometers0400 milesLambert Conformal Conic projectionNW ES60°E30°NLIBYAIt.MediterraneanSeaNile RiverCyprusLEBANONBeirutPALESTINEJerusalemEGYPT(British protectorateuntil 1922)SuezCanalCairoSYRIAMadinah(Medina)EuphratesRiverTigris RiverDamascus BaghdadIRAQAmman (British mandateTRANSJORDANuntil 1932)SAUDI ARABIA(Kingdom established1932)TROPIC OF CANCERKUWAITDhahranRiyadhTehranIRAN(Known asPersia until 1935)Persian Gulf(Arabian Gulf)20°NBoundary of the Ottoman Empire, 1914British mandate, colony, or influenceFrench mandateOil-producing areasMakkah(Mecca)Red Sea1. Location Where were the oil-producingareas located?2. Regions What happened to the OttomanEmpire at the end of World War I? How mightthis change have affected Arab nationalism?See StudentWorks Plusor glencoe.com.In 1916 Arabia declared its independencefrom Ottoman rule. British troops advancedfrom Egypt and seized Palestine. After sufferingmore than 300,000 deaths during thewar, the Ottoman Empire made peace withthe Allies in October 1918.The Armenian GenocideDuring the war the Ottoman Turks hadalienated the Allies with their policiestoward minority subjects, especially theArmenians. The Christian Armenianminority had been pressing the Ottomangovernment for its independence for years.In 1915 the Ottoman government accusedthe Armenians of supporting the Russiansand used those allegations to kill or exileall Armenians.Within 7 months, 600,000 Armenians hadbeen killed, and 500,000 had been deported.Of those, 400,000 died while marchingthrough the deserts and swamps of Syriaand Mesopotamia. By September 1915, anestimated 1 million Armenians were dead.CHAPTER <strong>25</strong> Nationalism Around the World 823