Tungsten - Geological Survey of Finland
Tungsten - Geological Survey of Finland
Tungsten - Geological Survey of Finland
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Critical Metals and Minerals in Fennoscandia<br />
Raw Materials for the 21 Century<br />
Critical commodity report - <strong>Tungsten</strong><br />
Anders Hallberg (<strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> Sweden) 18 April 2012<br />
Commodity <strong>Tungsten</strong> Data source<br />
Uses <strong>of</strong> the commodity Main uses:<br />
Hard metals (tungsten carbide) 60%, Alloy<br />
steel 13%<br />
Minor uses:<br />
Super alloys 6%, heavy alloys, various<br />
electronic products, wire in light bulbs (to<br />
be phased out)<br />
Future uses:<br />
Resources and potential in<br />
Fennoscandia<br />
Anthropogenic resources<br />
and potential in<br />
Fennoscandia<br />
Main deposit types in<br />
Fennoscandia<br />
Global production (2011)<br />
Main producing countries<br />
(2010)<br />
25000 t W produced from mines (now<br />
closed) in Sweden, <strong>Finland</strong> and Norway.<br />
Resources <strong>of</strong> 10250 t W in non-exploited<br />
deposits in Russia and <strong>Finland</strong>.<br />
Waste rock deposits from skarn iron-ore<br />
mining<br />
Sweden:<br />
Skarn (calc silicate) deposits: Yxsjöberg,<br />
Wigström<br />
veins/stockwork deposits: Svärtträsk<br />
<strong>Finland</strong>:<br />
Skarn (calc silicate) deposits: Hieronmäki<br />
Vein/stockwork deposits: Ahvenlammi,<br />
Ylöjärvi, Kuskoiva<br />
Russia:<br />
Skarn (calc silicate) deposits: Zapadno-<br />
Latvasurskoe, Mensunvaarskoe,<br />
Latvasurskoe, Kommunarovskoe<br />
72000 t W<br />
China 77,8%, Russia 5,4%, Canada 4.1%,<br />
Austria 2.0%, Bolivia 2.0%, Portugal 1.5%<br />
other 7.3%<br />
Main global deposit types Skarn 40%, vein/stockwork 34%, porphyry-<br />
W 15%, other 11%<br />
Technological challenges<br />
in production<br />
EU (2010)<br />
FODD (2011)<br />
-<br />
FODD (2011)<br />
USGS (2012)<br />
EU (2010)<br />
SGU (2008)
Critical Metals and Minerals in Fennoscandia<br />
Raw Materials for the 21 Century<br />
Recycling Present: Recycling <strong>of</strong> scrap and used tools.<br />
Estimated global recycling <strong>of</strong> 35-49%<br />
Future:<br />
References<br />
EU 2010<br />
EU 2010: Annex V to the Report <strong>of</strong> the Ad-hoc Working Group on defining critical raw materials.<br />
European Commission, Enterprise and Industry.<br />
FODD: Fennoscandian Ore Deposit Database 2011. <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Finland</strong> (GTK), <strong>Geological</strong><br />
<strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> Norway (NGU), <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> Russia (VSEGEI), <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> Sweden<br />
(SGU), SC Mineral. Online database, available at: http://en.gtk.fi/Exploration<strong>Finland</strong>/fodd<br />
USGS 2012: US <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong>, Mineral Commodity Summaries, <strong>Tungsten</strong>, January 2012<br />
SGU RM 2008-1: Mineralmarknaden, tema: Wolfram. SGU Per.publ. 2008-1 (www.sgu.se)
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