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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACEGlenn L. HendricksMap of LaosxixvPART 1HMONG CULTURE AND CHANGE 1INTRODUCTION 3Glenn L. HendricksSTAGES OF HMONG CULTURAL ADAPTATION 7William A. SmalleyThe Stages, 7; The People of Moos Plais, 9,Typical Innovations of the Stages, 15THE HMONG OF LAOS: ECONOMIC FACTORS 23IN THE REFUGEE EXODUS AND RETURNRobert Cooper*Introductory Note, 23; The Thesis, 23; The HistoricalEvidence, 27; The Observational Evidence, 30; TheEmpirical Evidence, 32; Summary, 37; Conclusion,38PROCESSES OF IDENTITY MAINTENANCE 41IN HMONG SOCIETYTimothy Dunn IgenIntroduction, 41; The Oppositional Process, 42; TheHomeland, 45; Language, 46; Religion, 47; Kinship,49; Identity Maintenance, 50CULTURE AND ADAPTATION:55HMONG REFUGEES IN AUSTRALIAGary Yia LeesThe Traditional Productivity Base, 56; Religion andSocial Structure, 57; Impact of Resettlement, 59;Cultural Consciousness and Adaptation, 61; HmongResearch and Social Change, 66; Conclusion, 69* Indicates invited Conference keynote speaker