13.07.2015 Views

Proposal of master thesis Base Plan for Ecotourism Development in ...

Proposal of master thesis Base Plan for Ecotourism Development in ...

Proposal of master thesis Base Plan for Ecotourism Development in ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Polytechnic University <strong>of</strong> CataloniaBarcelona Graduate School <strong>of</strong> ArchitectureDepartment <strong>of</strong> Urban Management and Valuation<strong>Proposal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>master</strong> <strong>thesis</strong><strong>Base</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Ecotourism</strong> <strong>Development</strong> <strong>in</strong> Intermediate CitiesCase Study: Damavand, IranAdvisors:Blanca Arellano-RamosJosep Llop-TorneByElham Ghabouli-MankalpaUrban Architecte.ghabouli@yahoo.com21/03/2013


Table <strong>of</strong> Contents


<strong>Ecotourism</strong> is a type <strong>of</strong> tourism <strong>in</strong>dustry based on natural attractionscould be a promoter <strong>for</strong> socio-economic growth <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediate cities.Iran with 70 million people and 1,648,000 km2 has a high potential <strong>of</strong>ecotourism with high amount <strong>of</strong> natural attractions <strong>in</strong>:Forest, beaches, mounta<strong>in</strong>s and desert.Damavand is an <strong>in</strong>termediate city which is located <strong>in</strong> east <strong>of</strong> Tehranwith distance <strong>of</strong> 65 kilometers. It is the capital <strong>of</strong> Damavand country <strong>in</strong>the prov<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>of</strong> TehranDamavand and its boundary


- City Population: At the 2006 census, its central populationwas 36,433, <strong>in</strong> 10,279 families- Mount Damavand which is a potentially active volcanoand the highest peak <strong>in</strong> Iran, has a special place <strong>in</strong> Persianmythology and folklore.- city set <strong>in</strong> a closed- <strong>of</strong>f and well-watered valley below thefoothills <strong>of</strong> Mount Damavand- The orig<strong>in</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the town go back to the Sassanian (550 AD)- the most important exist<strong>in</strong>g historic monument from 15thcentury.- Structure <strong>of</strong> the city has 4 cores and neighborhoods- Current plann<strong>in</strong>g system <strong>of</strong> the city is general plan


CHAPTER I. IntroductionCHAPTER ll. structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>Base</strong> planIn this chapter pr<strong>in</strong>ciples and structure <strong>of</strong> base plan will be reviewed.CHAPTER III: <strong>Ecotourism</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g and developmentThe physical facilities, promot<strong>in</strong>g and manag<strong>in</strong>g policies <strong>for</strong> ecotourism plann<strong>in</strong>g willbe reviewed.CHAPTER IV: Case Study: DamavandStatistical and quantitative elements <strong>of</strong> urban conditions <strong>of</strong> the city will be studiedand based on basic structure <strong>of</strong> the base plan; map and related documents will bemarked <strong>in</strong> this chapter.Chapter V: ResultsCHAPTER VI: Conclusions


l. Tourism an <strong>Ecotourism</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g and development<strong>Ecotourism</strong> is “a sector <strong>of</strong> tourism based on nature travel and <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g thepr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>of</strong> susta<strong>in</strong>ability and responsible travel to natural areas that conservesthe environment and improves the welfare <strong>of</strong> local people. (TIES, 2002)<strong>Ecotourism</strong> should have a positive impact on both natural areas and the localcommunity”. It summarized the susta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>of</strong> tourism <strong>in</strong> “three ma<strong>in</strong> aspects:Environmentally, Socially - culturally and Economic. (TIES, 2002)Ceballos <strong>in</strong> 1996 def<strong>in</strong>ed that “Once a government has made the decision todevelop its country's tourism, a basic plann<strong>in</strong>g process should be adopted that<strong>in</strong>cludes at least the follow<strong>in</strong>g seven steps:1. study preparation2. determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> objectives3. survey4. analysis and syn<strong>thesis</strong>5. policy and plan <strong>for</strong>mulation6. recommendations7. Implementation and monitor<strong>in</strong>g


2. plann<strong>in</strong>g strategies <strong>of</strong> Intermediate cities• Intermediate cities are medium size cities with population <strong>of</strong> 20,000- 2,000,000.• The most population <strong>of</strong> the world live <strong>in</strong> medium size cities• “Pronounced rhythms <strong>of</strong> development <strong>in</strong> cities bear both positive and negativeconsequences, because the process <strong>of</strong> «global urbanization» is not only associatedwith <strong>in</strong>creases <strong>in</strong> the size <strong>of</strong> the urban population, but also with a major movement<strong>of</strong> economic activity from the country to the city.” (Llop, 2002)• program <strong>of</strong> UIA-CIMES, (<strong>in</strong>termediate city project <strong>in</strong> support <strong>of</strong> Union <strong>of</strong>International Architects) is def<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediate cities• The strategy <strong>of</strong> CIMES <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediate cities is <strong>Base</strong> plan.• The ma<strong>in</strong> social and pr<strong>of</strong>essional challenges lie <strong>in</strong> try<strong>in</strong>g to discover new ways <strong>of</strong>affront<strong>in</strong>g such problems as urbanization, hous<strong>in</strong>g, traffic and health care, asproved <strong>in</strong> the new contexts <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediate cities• Review<strong>in</strong>g “Intermediate cities and world urbanization”, gives the structure <strong>of</strong>base plan and clears that “<strong>Base</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> will also enable the identification <strong>of</strong> the city'sma<strong>in</strong> needs <strong>for</strong> the next 10 years”.


3. Eco city and susta<strong>in</strong>able urban <strong>for</strong>msKenworthy discussed that mak<strong>in</strong>g exist<strong>in</strong>g cities and new urban developmentmore ecologically based and livable is an urgent priority <strong>in</strong> the global push <strong>for</strong>susta<strong>in</strong>ability.“ten critical responses to this issue and summarizes them <strong>in</strong> a simple conceptualmodel that places the nexus between transport and urban <strong>for</strong>m at the heart <strong>of</strong>develop<strong>in</strong>g an eco-city.


This <strong>in</strong>volves compact, mixed-use urban <strong>for</strong>m, well-def<strong>in</strong>edhigher-density, human-oriented centers, priority to thedevelopment <strong>of</strong> superior, public transport systems andconditions <strong>for</strong> non-motorized modes, with m<strong>in</strong>imal roadcapacity <strong>in</strong>creases, protection <strong>of</strong> the city's natural areas andfood-produc<strong>in</strong>g capacity.”Conceptual model <strong>of</strong> Eco city (Kenworthy, 2006)


1. Literature review2. Review <strong>of</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g plan <strong>of</strong> Damavand3. Interviews with councilors, municipality members andpr<strong>of</strong>essional urban architects4. collect<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation <strong>of</strong> case study5. Prepar<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>Base</strong> plan


A sample <strong>of</strong> <strong>Base</strong> planhttp://www.ceut.udl.cat/ciutats-mitjanes-i-<strong>in</strong>termedies/


Methodology <strong>of</strong> <strong>Base</strong> plan <strong>in</strong> general concludes some elements as thepr<strong>in</strong>cipals:• Def<strong>in</strong>ition <strong>of</strong> city size and <strong>for</strong>m• City size and density• City and its urban h<strong>in</strong>terland• Network <strong>of</strong> services and <strong>in</strong>frastructure• network <strong>of</strong> free spaces and green areas• level <strong>of</strong> urban factors• Government or territorial adm<strong>in</strong>istration• Annual municipal budget• Type <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediate city• Economic activities• Hous<strong>in</strong>g• Def<strong>in</strong>ition <strong>of</strong> monuments or elements which are or makesymbol <strong>for</strong> the city


• Prepar<strong>in</strong>g a <strong>Base</strong> plan and assessment <strong>of</strong> its capacity <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediatecities towards <strong>Ecotourism</strong> <strong>Development</strong>, is the ma<strong>in</strong> aim <strong>of</strong> this study.• methodology <strong>of</strong> base plan will be prepared <strong>for</strong> the case study <strong>of</strong>Damavand and pr<strong>in</strong>ciples and structure <strong>of</strong> base plan will be reviewed.On the other side, focus<strong>in</strong>g on tourism and ecotourism, the potential <strong>of</strong>tourism and historical and natural attraction <strong>for</strong> this city will be listed.The physical facilities and promot<strong>in</strong>g policies <strong>for</strong> tourism andecotourism plann<strong>in</strong>g will be remarked.• Important urban projects <strong>of</strong> Damavand from 10 years ago will bereviewed and highest priority projects <strong>for</strong> next 10 years will be predicted<strong>in</strong> the documentation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Base</strong> plan.• The qualitative and quantitative factors related <strong>for</strong> plan <strong>of</strong> next 10 yearswill be evaluated.• F<strong>in</strong>ally the result <strong>of</strong> tourism facilities and guidel<strong>in</strong>es will be shown onthe map <strong>of</strong> base plan and its documents.


1. Alan, L (2007).Tourism plann<strong>in</strong>g and traditional urban plann<strong>in</strong>g theory: the planner asan agent <strong>of</strong> social change, Loisir, 31(2), 383-391.2. Bellet, C. & Llop ,J.(2002) Intermediate Cities. Pr<strong>of</strong>lies and Agenda. Second Phase Ofthe UIA-CIME Programm. Lleida: Ayundament de Lleida.3. Cordell, H. Ken; Green, G.T. & Betz, C., (2002). Recreation and the environment asCultural dimensions <strong>in</strong> contemporary American society, , Leisure Sciences, 24(1):13-41.4. Chafe, Z. (2005). Consumer Demand and Operator Support <strong>for</strong> Socially andEnvironmentally Responsible Tourism . TIES publications.5. Ceballos, H. (1996). Tourism, ecotourism, and protected areas: the state <strong>of</strong> nature-6. <strong>Base</strong>d tourism around the world and guidel<strong>in</strong>es <strong>for</strong> its development, Island Press7. Cordell, K. & Stokes,J. (2000). The social value <strong>of</strong> wilderness: a Forest Serviceprospective, Journal <strong>of</strong> Wilderness, 6(2):23-24.8. E. L<strong>in</strong>dberg, K. & Hawk<strong>in</strong>s, D., (1993). <strong>Ecotourism</strong>: A Guide <strong>for</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>ners andManagers, Vol. I, <strong>Ecotourism</strong> Society publications.9. Honey, M. (2008). <strong>Ecotourism</strong> and Susta<strong>in</strong>able <strong>Development</strong>: Who Owns Paradise?(2nd Ed.) Iceland press.10. Hall, M.C.(2008) .2nd ed. tourismm plann<strong>in</strong>g, policies, processes andrelationships.Pearson: Ed<strong>in</strong>burge.11. Hawk<strong>in</strong>s, D., Wood, E. & others. (1995). The Eco lodge Sourcebook <strong>for</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>ners &Developers. North Benn<strong>in</strong>gton, VT: <strong>Ecotourism</strong> Society.


12. International society <strong>of</strong> ecotourism, A simple user’e guide to susta<strong>in</strong>able tourism andecotourism , 3 rd ed. Available at: http://www.ecotourism.org/13. Ireland, L.C., Adams, D., Alig, R., Betz, C. J., Chen, C. & others. (2001). Assess<strong>in</strong>gsocioeconomic impacts <strong>of</strong> climate change on US <strong>for</strong>ests, wood-product markets, and <strong>for</strong>estrecreation. Bioscience. 51(9):753-764.14. Jabareen, Y.R., (2006). Susta<strong>in</strong>able Urban Forms: Their Typologies, Models, and Concepts.Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g Education and Research September 2006 vol. 26 no. 1 38-52.15. James, E. & Higham, S. (2007). Critical issues <strong>in</strong> ecotourism: understand<strong>in</strong>g a Complextourism phenomenon. Elsevier.16. Kenworthy, J. R. (2006). The eco-city: ten key transport and plann<strong>in</strong>g dimensions <strong>for</strong>susta<strong>in</strong>able city development. Environment and Urbanization . 2006 18: 67. Available at:http://eau.sagepub.com/content/18/1/67.full.pdf+html17. Llop T., J. (1999). Intermediate cities and world urbanization. Lleida.Mirovitskaya, N. & Ascher, W. (2001). The Guide to Susta<strong>in</strong>able <strong>Development</strong> andEnvironmental Policy. North Carol<strong>in</strong>a: Duke University press.18. National Statistical organization <strong>of</strong> Iran, national statistical Yearbook <strong>of</strong> Iran. 2012available at: http://www.amar.org.ir/19. Weaver, D. & Bonilla, J. (1997). <strong>Ecotourism</strong> (Wiley Australia Tourism), ConservationInternational’s Participatory <strong>Ecotourism</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g.20. UN habitat (United Nations Human Settlements Programme), 2006, available at:http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=921. http://www.ceut.udl.cat/ciutats-mitjanes-i-<strong>in</strong>termedies/


GraciasThank youHappy Nowruz(Persian New Year)

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!