Differential treatment in the youth justice system - Equality and ...

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DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT IN THE YOUTH JUSTICE SYSTEMwere purposively selected to provide a good geographical spread of regions, and tohave more than 14% of their caseload from ethnic minority groups.Police statistics were collected for sub-areas of the four YOT areas (labelled A1, B1,C1, D1). 9 Area A1 covered five wards, and policing in Area A1 was split into threeunits: neighbourhood policing, town centre policing and task force policing. Thesethree units of policing were originally established to respond to the very different anddiverse needs of the local residential and business communities. In Area A, 45% ofthe 10- to 17-year-old population was white, 36% black, 10% mixed race, 6% Asianand 3% from other backgrounds. Equivalent statistics for Area A1 were not available,as population figures broken down by age were not available at ward level. For allage groups, in Area A1, 57% of the population was white, 32% black, 5% mixed race,3% Asian and 2% Chinese/other.Area B1 covered two neighbourhood policing areas; while custody data andobservations were restricted to Areas B1, stop and search data were availableonly for a wider area. In Area B 68% of the 10- to 17-year-old population was white,1% black, 3% mixed race, 27% Asian and 1% from other backgrounds. As withArea A1, data on the ethnic composition of B1 could not be collected. 10Area C1 covers two local authority wards within Area C. In area C 86% of the 10- to17-year-old population was white, 3% black, 5% mixed race and 4% Asian. As withArea A1, data on the ethnic composition of C1 could not be collected by age, butthe overall population for area C1 comprised approximately 76% white, 11% black,5% mixed race and 8% Asian. In other words, the ethnic composition of Area C1’stotal population was much more diverse than that of the young population for Area Cin which it was located. It is probable that the profile for young people in Area C1would reflect a similar high proportion of ethnic minority groups.Area D1 covered one police station for stop and search, custody data collection,and observations. In Area D, 59% of the 10- to 17-year-old population was Asian;910This was labour-intensive work, and it would not have been possible to cover entire YOT areas.Unfortunately, at the time of research, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) was unable to provide uswith a breakdown of ethnicity by age in any of the sub-areas we undertook research in.13
RESEARCH METHODS29% was white; 6% black; 4% mixed race and 2% from other backgrounds. As withArea A1, data on the ethnic composition of D1 could not be collected.In three of the areas (Areas A1, B1 and D1), the police provided us with electronicstop and search records for the entire BCU for 2006, from which six months’ worthof data was selected to be analysed. 11 In Area C1, researchers manually collectedsix months’ worth of stop and search data for 2006, specifically for the part of theBCU where observational work had been conducted. The number of stop andsearch forms is therefore far fewer in this area compared with the other three. 12Custody record information was manually collected for a six-month period in 2006from all four areas.2.2 Interviews with police officers and observations of police at workIn total, 49 officers were interviewed across four YOT areas (Areas A1-D1). Theaim was to examine how officers engaged with young people, their experiences indoing so, their opinions about diversity training, and their views on stop and search.Further, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior officers in threeareas to ascertain thoughts about young people and policing in general.In each area, we conducted observational work with operational police officers atdifferent times of the day and on different days. In total we observed 53 shifts acrossthe four areas (Areas A1-D1), equating to approximately 530 hours of observations.2.3 Interviews with young peopleWe interviewed 32 young people about their experience of being stopped andsearched (12 Asian, 15 black, one mixed, four white). Young people were recruitedfrom two YOT areas (A and D), chosen because they had, respectively, the highestproportion of black and mixed race teenagers, and Asian teenagers, out of our 12areas. We also felt it was important to interview young people from the areas whereour police interviews and observations had taken place. Young people were selected1112January, March, April, August, September, December. These six months were selected due to bothpractical and methodological considerations. Methodologically, the six months provide us with a goodspread of months throughout the year. Practically, these months were selected as one of our areas wasunable to provide us with two particular months of computerised data.Fewer forms were collected from Area C1 as researchers were able to select stopand search forms that were only relevant to the study area rather than being providedwith forms from the entire BCU.14
Page 1 and 2: Equality and Human Rights Commissio
Page 3 and 4: © Equality and Human Rights Commis
Page 5 and 6: Appendix A: Area profiles 97Appendi
Page 7 and 8: Tables and figuresPageTables3.1 Pop
Page 9 and 10: GlossaryBCUBasic Command UnitCJSCri
Page 11: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAssessing the reas
Page 15 and 16: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPolice training•
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTIONover-represented in rob
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTIONthe increase in prosecu
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTIONIn contrast, a MORI sel
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTIONexplanation is that you
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTIONin itself, if the socia
Page 27: RESEARCH METHODS2. Research methods
Page 31 and 32: RESEARCH METHODSfor several differe
Page 33 and 34: YOUNG PEOPLE’S ENTRY INTO THE YOU
Page 51 and 52: UNDERSTANDING THE POLICING OF YOUNG
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UNDERSTANDING THE POLICING OF YOUNG
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PASSING THROUGH THE YOUTH JUSTICE S
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS6. Discus
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSdefendant
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSdifficult
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSFurther r
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APPENDICES10- to 17-year-old popula
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APPENDICES16s making up 23% of the
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APPENDICESAppendix B:Tables of offe
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APPENDICESCustody record dataTable
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APPENDICESTable B7Area C custody re
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APPENDICESAppendix C:YOT data sampl
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APPENDICESTable C3ONS estimated 10-
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APPENDICESTable C5Profile of crimes
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APPENDICESTable C6 Profile of crime
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APPENDICESTable C7aCase profile% Ma
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APPENDICESTable C8Proportion of off
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Table C10Proportion of disposals gi
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Table C12Proportion of sentenced di
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Appendix D:Multivariate logistic re
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APPENDICESTable D3Model of prosecut
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APPENDICESTable D6Model of dismissa
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APPENDICESTable D8: Model of Remand
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APPENDICESTable D10Asset sample, mo
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APPENDICESTable D11Asset sample, mo
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Table D13Model of community sentenc
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APPENDICESTable D15 Model of custod
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APPENDICESTable D17Length of custod
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REFERENCESReferencesAudit Commissio
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REFERENCESMirrlees-Black, C., Budd,
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ContactsEnglandEquality and Human R
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