September / October 2013 Edition - South Carolina Nursery ...

SCNLA Member ProfileRiver’s Edge Nursery , LLCSCNLA Member Profile5

River’s Edge Nursery, LLCBy Ellen Vincent, Clemson University Environmental Landscape Specialist6Phil Smith grew up on a rowcrop farm. He especially enjoyedhis mother’s flower gardens andhe had his own greenhouses athome before he even enteredhigh school. He earned a degreein horticulture at Clemson (1977)but went home every weekendto work in his greenhouses. Hisearly experiences with herbaceousplants were rewarding yetrequired his constant attention.Phil Smith and his wife Janicewere not interested in selling PlantFinders of South Carolina (their firstbusiness) in 1999; but the pricewas right so they sold it. This saleallowed him to create River’s EdgeNursery, a B&B farm on the banksof the Enoree River. They farm 400acres on 13 different farms todayin the upstate Spartanburg areawhere they grow approximately140 different species of trees.River’s Edge employs 18 full timeworkers and over 50% of thesepeople have been with the companyfor over 10 years. When hesold Plant Finders of South Carolinahe opted to focus solely on treesdue to their less demandingmaintenance time line. Phil’s sonMichael, a Clemson AgriculturalMechanics major (2007) joinedthe business full-time after graduationand added production costefficiencies to the firm. Michael’spersonality and key interests inquality relationships and qualityproducts align perfectly with thebusiness, “I enjoy the people Iwork with and I like seeing thingsgrow.”The company mantra is treatpeople like you want to be treated.This commitment to professionalismand courtesy extends toboth employees and customers.Employees experiencing difficultieswill be noticed and helpedwhen possible. “We look out foreach other” explains Michael.Employees who want to borrowequipment over the weekendare accommodated when possible.Employees are, accordingto Phil and Michael, like extendedfamily. Caring for others seemsto run strong in the Smith family-Michael’s twin brother is a missionary.Customers also resembledextended family from my perspectivewhile at the River’s Edgetrade show booth at the SNA conferencein Atlanta in early August.The warm handshakes and conversationsbetween the companyand their customers were testimonyto relationships steeped intrust over time.Customers are mainly large rewholesalefirms and landscapingcontractors. River’s Edge customerterritory extends to New YorkState and into Alabama. Theirbestselling trees include OctoberGlory red maple (Acer rubrum‘October Glory) and Bosqueelm (Ulmus parvifolia ‘Bosque’).Nellie Stevens holly (Ilex x Nellie R.Stevens) is also a top seller at thenursery, while Michael suggestsRobin Red Holly (Ilex x ‘Conin’PP# 9486) is a newcomer to themarket worth watching with itsred foliage hues and tight habit.River’s Edge Nursery is known forexceptional customer service andhigh quality products.Customer service at River’sEdge equates to maintaining relationships.They do this by fixingproblems. They fix every problemthey can and redress any difficultieswith discerning precision.First they determine the sourceof the problem and then “do theright thing” according to Phil. “Ifwe determine it is our fault wereplace the plant completely. Ifit is a longstanding establishedcustomer and it is the customer’sproblem we will discount thereplacement.” They adjusted tothe recession by increasing ratherthan decreasing service. Theyused to refuse change ordersonce the delivery trucks wereloaded; but have adapted to thehard economic times by accommodatinglast minute requests. Onone occasion they even sent a7pick-up truck out with one lastminute item after the big rig hadleft the yard.River’s Edge also has earneda reputation for quality due toproper plant selection and maintenance,especially pruning.Proper selection, according to PhilSmith begins with the liners. “Webuy the best liners” he reports.“If you start with junk you end upwith junk. We buy plants with acentral leader or multi-stemmed,we do not buy topped trees.”A great deal of time is spent onpruning which is done by Phil’sbrother Franklin. “We have thebest trees we have ever had dueto Franklin. He is particular aboutthe product.” Trees are plantedwith a mechanical planter andthen no further cultivation occurs.This practice prevents the deepplanting situation that many nurseriesexperience when machinescultivating the rows throw soil upagainst the trunks. Glyphosate isused to control weeds and plantsare irrigated using an automateddrip system from well water, riverwater, and pond water. “We areas automated as we can be”reports Phil. Pests are controlledusing integrated pest managementtechniques and pesticidesare used as a last resort. If theyneed help diagnosing problemsthey use nursery inspector BradCavin or the extension service.Phil Smith’s plans for the futureinclude continued intelligentresponse to the market. His adviceto newcomers to the field is tohave a good product; be educated(through a college programor direct experience); andto have realistic expectations.”People in this business are goodfolks; but do not enter into this toget rich! It takes generations.” Philalso suggests staying current bytalking to vendors, talking to stateservices, and trying new things.Phil advocates being adventurouswhile Michael recommendsbeing cautious.

SCNLA Industry NewsNew Legislative ActionCenter! Please ReplaceLegislative Bookmarksand LinksANLA has switched our LegislativeAction Center grassroots platformprovider from Capwiz to VoterVoice.This decision was made after carefulconsideration of the capabilitiesVoterVoice offers, and how ANLAand Lighthouse Program partnersare using the Internet to facilitategrassroots campaigns.VoterVoice provides easy oneclickmessaging for our members torespond quickly to legislative actionalerts. The site allows a member totype in their zip code and quicklyfind out who represents them in theirstate house, as well as, their federalrepresentatives, all from a singlesearch. All of this will increase oureffectiveness in delivering messagesregarding industry priorities to CapitolHill. In addition, the new platformallows us to direct coordinatedmessaging to regulatory agenciesduring comment periods, an optionwe did not have before.We urge you to bookmarkwww.votervoice.net/ANLA/home.Through that site you will be ableto view the active messagesANLA is directing to your federalrepresentatives, which billswe are tracking on the Hill andreview a report card on how yourrepresentatives are voting onthe issues most important to yourbusiness.Recent Bee Kill Serves as a Reminder:Always Read & Follow Pesticide Label Instructions!On June 27, the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) announced a180-day temporary use restriction for all plant applications – by professionalsand non-professionals – of any pesticide product with the active ingredientdinotefuran. ODA has implemented the restriction as a temporary,cautionary step, allowing it to complete its ongoing investigation of a beekill incident that occurred in mid-June in the state. This unfortunate event,which ODA has determined resulted in the death of approximately 50,000bumblebees, serves as a sobering reminder of the need to closely followmanufacturer and EPA-approved labeling. Multiple Linden trees, in flower,were apparently sprayed with a dinotefuran pesticide. Initial reports suggestthat this accident would not have happened if the appropriate site, plant,timing, and pest considerations had been taken into account.Neonicotinoid insecticides, including dinotefuran, are important toolsin defending trees and other plants in our landscape and natural areasagainst destructive insect pests. They are important in maintaining our fightagainst the Japanese Beetle and have been employed in the successfuleradication efforts against Asian Longhorned Beetle; in protecting importantash trees from Emerald Ash Borer; and in saving Eastern Hemlocks fromHemlock Woolly Adelgid. “Without neonicotinoids, the iconic Hemlocks ofGreat Smoky Mountains National Park would be gone,” said Dr. RichardCowles, Agricultural Scientist at the Connecticut Agricultural ExperimentStation. “There’s an old carpenter’s adage that says ‘measure twice, cutonce.’ That adage is a good one for insecticide applicators to think about-- read the label carefully multiple times before applying.”For years, treatments with neonicotinoids have allowed growers,landscapers, and homeowners to protect valuable landscape trees,shrubs and plants from insect pests and invasive species. Protecting theseplants reduces a homeowner’s energy needs, increases home values and,according to a recent USDA Forest Service Study, results in healthier andlonger lives for the people who enjoy them.The green industry is an important partner in the ongoing effort to protectour environment, our pollinators, and our chemical tools. Neonicotinoids,properly used, are an important partner in that effort, as well. However,be sure that the PEST you want to control is on the pesticide label for theLOCATION you are planning to treat. Registered pesticides that couldnegatively impact bees carry a bee hazard statement on the label.Please adhere to these restrictions listed on the label, usually found under“environmental or bee hazard” and remember – following the label is thelaw.American Nursery and Landscape Association July 2013NOTESfrom DonnaLast week, I was fortunate to have lunch with a group ofpeople who support our industry in so many ways. Each summerSCNLA invites the Clemson faculty and staff that help us throughout the year to lunch. They speak at SCHI, write articles for themagazine, manage the pesticide applicator program, warn us aboutincoming pests and diseases and inspect plant material. They allcontribute in their own ways to improving the nursery and landscapeindustry in South Carolina.We are fortunate that the professionals that work in the regulatory departments usethe approach of “Regulation through Education”. In conversations with people in otherindustries, I have learned that this is not the case with the agencies that regulate them.They would not dare invite the regulators to speak at their conferences or ask them toexhibit at their events. We are so fortunate to work with professionals that genuinely wantto make our industry better. While we do have to respect their duties and responsibilities,it’s so good to have an open dialogue and exchange of information.We had a full house for the Pesticide Applicator Exam review class and a good turnout for the Bidding and Estimating workshop in late summer. We’ve already got 20 peopleregistered for the Annual Fall Field Day and haven’t even mailed the brochure yet. Let’s hopethat all of this indicates more business for everyone in the industry.Mark you calendar for SCHI 2014 – February 5-7. It’s a market place for everythingyou need.IN SYMPATHYOur thoughts and prayers go out to the family of Jean Miller McAbee who passed away on August21, 2013. Mrs. McAbee was co-founder of Roebuck Greenhouses. She is the wife of Mr. Alvin McAbee,Roebuck Greenhouses and mother of Rick McAbee, Roebuck Wholesale Nursery and Landscaping.Memorials may be made to Bethlehem Baptist Church Building Fund, PO Box 229, Roebuck, SC 29376.DonnaPS A big thanks to Phil and Michael Smith at River’s Edge Nursery for providing the plantmaterial in the SCNLA booth at the SNA show in Atlanta.89

WEBSITEof the MonthSCNLA New MembersDavid JeffcoatJohn DeereLandscapes2411 N. Main StreetSummerville, SC 29483John FishterSouth of Broadscapes,LLCP.O. Box 31885Charleston, SC 29417THoughtsfrom the Presidenthttp://tinyurl.com/m93b4gvefficacy tablefor fungicides labeled forornamental plantsDonna & Robert CoxLandscapes Limited ofCharleston, Inc.1310 Harts Bluff RoadWadmalaw Island, SC29487Heather & Tony ChittumPiedmont Lawn Care,LLC468 Grand Oak WayMoore, SC 29369Jenna HudsonSouthern Scapes ofMyrtle Beach, SC LLCP.O. Box 2190Myrtle Beach, SC 29578Nick HudsonSouthern Scapes ofMyrtle Beach, SC LLCPO Box 2190Myrtle Beach, SC 29578“Unless you speak up, they won’t know.”“We have a voice that can be heard, if we act.”(from a Southern RegionIPM project)Dan McQueenScoop-D-Doo, Inc.P.O. Box 12097Rock Hill, SC 29731Dear Friends,So far, my time as president of this organization has been great. It’s an industry that I’ve been a part of since I was 16,and I’ve been proud to serve nurseries, greenhouses, landscapers and other members of SCNLA through my consultingbusiness over the years.Calendar of Upcoming EventsSCNLA Fall Field DaySeptember 25, 2013Sandhill Research &Education CenterColumbia, SC803-743-4284PLANET 2013Green Industry ConferenceOctober 23-25, 2013Louisville, KYwww.landcarenetwork.org/events/GreenIndustryConfInternational PlantPropagators Society, SR38th Annual MeetingNovember 2-6, 2013UGA Hotel andConference CenterAthens, GA(803) 743-4284www.ipps-srna.orgCarolina GCSAAnnual Trade ShowNovember 19-20, 2013Myrtle Beach ConventionCenterMyrtle Beach, SCwww.carolinascsa.orgSC Sod Producers MeetingNovember 20, 2013Myrtle BeachConvention CenterMyrtle Beach, SCwww.scsod.orgSCNLA Certified NurseryProfessional TestDecember 5, 2013Roebuck Nursery &LandscapingRoebuck, SC803-743-4284Green & Growin’ Trade Showand Education ConferenceJanuary 13-17, 2014Greensboro ColiseumGreensboro, NCwww.ncnla.comKentucky LandscapeIndustries ExpoJanuary 23-24, 2014Kentucky InternationalConvention CenterLouisville, KYwww.knla.orgSCHI Market Placeand SeminarsFebruary 5-7, 2014Myrtle Beach ConventionCenterMyrtle Beach, SCwww.scnla.comLegislatively, this is a interesting time to serve on the board, with the Farm Bill and Immigration Bill being negotiatedon Capitol Hill, and new taxes, DOT regulations and state-wide budgets being decided in Columbia.I encourage all of you to become involved with your local and state congressmen and women so that they understandthe problems that we have as an industry finding good labor. Unless you speak up, they won’t know. And since we’rean important component of the South Carolina economy, ranking second (behind poultry) in agricultural income, wehave a voice that can be heard if we act.If you don’t have the time to become involved in the political process (I understand!), then make sure that you are keepingup with your dues to SCNLA. When possible, give more than you did the year before. This organization representsyou, fighting to keep the agricultural tax breaks that help you keep your business soluble. We represent you when wetalk to congress about the need for good, available labor. We represent you when we speak up for research money inthe Farm Bill.Frankly, before I served on the board, I didn’t realize exactly what SCNLA was really doing for me and for our industry.Naively, I looked at it as a professional version of my college Horticulture Club and a good trade show. Now I knowthat it is so much more than that!If you want to know more about how the organization is serving you, call me! I’d love to tell you what we’re doingand hear how we can serve you better. My phone number is (843) 568-1102 and my email is info@scouthort.com.Sincerely,Kari Whitley Crolley10 11

LEGISLATIVE UPDATESouth Carolina Legislative UpdatePlease act now. The US House of Representatives willreturn to work in early September. Still pending is comprehensiveimmigration reform. It is imperative that theHouse pass immigration reform this year. Our delegationneeds to hear from you. They will be getting a lotof pressure to only increase border security. Congressionalleaders need to hear that we need comprehensiveimmigration reform. If we do not get reform thisyear it may be a long time before we have this chanceagain. Please contact your Congressman and tellthem to pass Immigration Reform.On June 26th Harry Ott, S. C. House of Representativemember resigned from his District 93 seat. He acceptedan appointment by President Obama to be FarmService Agency Director in South Carolina. We will missRepresentative Ott in the South Carolina House. Mr. Ottwas the only full time farmer in the house. Mr. Ott notonly was a great champion of agribusiness but of goodgovernment in general. He listened to and respectedeveryone’s point of view. When he decided where heADCOCK NURSERY555 Chancery StMcMinnville, TN 37110Phone: 931-473-7019Fax: 931-473-7205Ronnie’s Cell: 931-235-6601MCGary M. Spires, Director • Government Relations • SCFBVISASpecializing in B & BShade & Ornamental TressVisit our website for prices, specials, and availabilitywww.adcocknursery.com*Ask About FREE Delivery*was on an issue, he was firm and worked hard to seethe issue through the process. Although we will misshim in the House of Representatives, we know he willcontinue his great work as a public servant at the FarmService Agency.South Carolina farm Bureau will sponsor a campaignmanagement school October 10 -11, 2013 at the SCFarm Bureau Office, 724 Knox Abbott Drive, Cayce SC.This two day seminar is designed to help candidatesfor public office, whether veteran office holders or firsttime participants, plan and execute successful politicalcampaigns. It was developed by American farmBureau Federation with the input from political consultantsand staff of both political parties. Video tapes,graphics, case studies and computer applicationshave been developed to assist in presentation of theseminar. This will allow participants the opportunity tohave meaningful, hands-on experience and to testtechniques, tools and methods. For more information,contact Beverly Sease at 803-936-4215The Louis P. Parsons Outstanding Contribution to theHorticultural / Nursery Industry:This award is for someone who has been active for a number of years in our industry, althoughnot limited to this. It’s for someone who has helped direct our industry in a positive way by beingactive, supportive, and giving of their time and/or resources for the good of our state’s horticulturalindustry. A person who, over the years, has worked in nursery production or management,horticultural education and/or support, landscape installation and/or landscape management.Someone who, because of his or her pro-active efforts, has helped shape our industry into whatit is today. The nominees for this award can come from anyone who’s a member of our stateindustry.Outstanding SCNLA Member:An Award for an SCNLA Member who during the past year has gone above and beyond in atleast of the following areas: time, talents and influence freely given to improve themselves and/or their business, their employees, our industry, our environment, our political clout on the stateand/or federal level, and the public’s perception about our industry. Or to a person who hassuccessfully overcome a specific obstacle in their business. Or through planning, design, installation,and environmental stewardship, been outstanding in their field or work. Or a Retail GardenCenter, it’s owner, or employee of the garden center who has through display, new ideas,advertising, labeling, industry promotions, and a general overall neat, clean appearance beenoutstanding in their field. The recipient should be a company or individual whose professionalism,work ethic, and stability has supported and represented our state industry well. The nominees forthis award can come from one’s self, an employee, or others who are members of our industry.Outstanding Horticultural Student:South CarolinaNursery and Landscape AssociationAnnual AwardDescriptionsAn award presented to a student who is pursuing a degree in some aspect of the horticultureprofession. A student who has excelled and stands out above and beyond others throughgrades, interest, participation, enthusiastic, self motivation, willingness to learn, and over all attitude.The nominees for this award can be 2 year students as well as those striving for higherdegrees. Nominations may come from teachers, professors, department heads, or if employedtheir employer.12 13

Continued from page 17would give it some thought. Foster will work with thegraphic artist to make some changes. Foster saidthat the “non-booth” auction seems to have lost itsexcitement and suggested canceling it for a whileand everyone agreed. She said that Board memberswere needed to co-chair the booth auction andsponsorship events. Cook said he would help withbooth. David Rickenbaker will continue doing both in2014 but a current board member needs to work withhim to take over in 2015. Foster asked if there were anyother suggestions for new events besides the MooreFarms Botanical Garden tour for 2014. She said thatthere had been requests for more hands–on trainingand she would share that at the SCHI 2014 EducationCommittee meeting on June 24 for their consideration.John Keeler had emailed some suggested topics sincehe was unable to attend the Board meeting. Therewas a discussion on having some sort of unique game/event/contest but no final decision was made. Fosterasked the Board to review a list of tips for successfullyexhibiting at a trade show as she had been asked todevelop at the last meeting. Everyone agreed theywould like this list included in the 2014 exhibitor packet.SCHI Future Discussion – Foster reported that she hadvisited the Convention Centers in Augusta, GA andSavannah, GA this spring. She and the GGIA ExecutiveDirector had visited the Augusta site and determinedit was definitely too small for either association muchless a joint show. Savannah was very nice but moreexpensive. Foster suggested that we plan a time tospecifically discuss planning for the future of the tradeshow and invite several attendees and exhibitors toparticipate.EAGL Program – Foster reported that she had beencontacted by StandPointGroup about an executivetraining for the nursery and greenhouse industry. Thiswould be a year-long program lead by Kip Kreel andDr. Charlie Hall, both of which SCNLA has worked withbefore. The general consensus was that this would nota good match for SCNLA alone. Foster and Mosney willsee Dr. Hall at SNA and will try to get more information.Clemson Update – White reported that Tom Dobbins isthe new division chair for agriculture. Clemson Universitywill be getting a new president and provost since thecurrent president and provost have announced thatthey are leaving these positions. Clemson is asking for2 new faculty positions for horticulture and turf. Theschool is trying to attract new enrollees because thereis a high number that come to horticulture from othermajors. Clemson is also working with technical schoolson the 2+2 program to as a way to increase enrollment.White is working on grant to train municipalities howto select quality landscaper contractors and to trainlandscapers to meet a minimum criteria. WhitleyCrolley agreed that we need at least a minimumstandard for the industry.SC Department of Agriculture Update – SCDA hasdeveloped a new app for finding restaurants thatserve SC produced foods. They also have a newmagazine “South Carolina, Our Amazing Agriculture”.Foster will get copies to take to the SNA show.Multiview Website advertising update – Foster reportedthat Multiview sold ads for the SCNLA website quicklyand our estimated income for the coming 12 monthsshould be approximately $2,000.00. Foster askedwhat the Board thought of having Multiview do ane-newsletter with advertising for SCNLA. Foster saidshe liked the idea much more now since the websiteadvertising had gone so smoothly but was concernedabout getting enough quality content for 2 issues permonth. No one had any comments on this idea at thecurrent time.Legislative ReportSpires reported that Congress is currently debatingthe farm bill. Possible changes to crop insurance arebeing considered and subsides are dropping and maybe gone in the near future. The Immigration legislationis not dead but fragile. In SC there is a trend towardless regulation, which eventually may not be good forthe environment or our industry. There was a discussionon the culture of regulatory issues in SC vs othersouthern states. Spires said that the SC Department ofAgriculture and Clemson University had faired well inthe current budget, that highway infrastructure madesome headway and that the Governor has 5 days toveto any of the budget items. Thee is enough supportto override some of the vetoes. The SC Farm Bureauelection school will be held this fall. The PalmettoPalate “An Adventure in Good Taste” is scheduled forJuly 25 and the tickets are $50.00. Spires and Fosterreported on some problems DOL /Wage and Hour.There have been some problems between the industryand the agency but the regional director has now sentnew personnel to work only with agriculture, whichshould help the situation.SNA Conference & State Officers Conference – Fostersaid she has made the arrangements to exhibit at theAugust 5-7 show and that Mosney will come for theState Officers Conference on August 8.Old Business – There was no old business.New Business – Cook asked about the possibility ofgetting a new SCNLA Logo. There was a discussion onthe current logo. Foster suggested a contest for newSCNLA logo. It could be open to members, students,artist, etc. similar to the contest Trees SC used for theirnew license tag. There was a motion for Foster towork out the details of the contest and to offer a $500prize to the winner. It was seconded and all approved.The time line is to unveil the new logo at SCHI 2014.Whitley Crolley suggested having Board members writea note on late dues notices to encourage renewals.Everyone said this was a idea worth trying. Cook alsosuggested that we no longer send plaques to newmembers (only the certificate). There was a discussionand it was noted that this would save money. Therewas a motion to stop sending the wooden plaque tonew members after we use up the current inventory. Itwas seconded and all approved.Adjourn – There was a motion to adjourn at 1:15 pm, itwas seconded and all approved.GREEN GONE BADGreen Gone BadFeatured Featured Ornamental Ornamental Plant: Plant: Paulownia Paulownia tomentosa tomentosaSome exotic ornamental plants behave badly when they escape from the place they areplanted. Infestations of these plants have negative impacts on natural environments.One of these plants is Paulownia tomentosa; common name: Princess Tree.Paulownia tomentosa or Princess tree (also known as royalpaulownia or empress tree) is a small to medium sized tree thatmay reach 30-60 feet in height. It is native to China, havingbeen introduced to North America in the 1800s; it is still widelyplanted for horticultural purposes in North America. The woodis highly prized in Asia leading to the establishment ofcommercial plantations in the United States. Several Paulowniaplantations exist in South Carolina.Paulownia tomentosa has large (5-10 in. long on mature trees) heart-shapedleaves arranged oppositely along the branches. Young plants and stump sproutshave leaves up to twice the size. Bark is thin grayish brown with shallow fissures.Lavender flowers arranged in upright pyramidal clusters appear in April and Maybefore leaves emerge. Fruits are oval capsules initially sticky and green that laterturn brown and dry; persisting on the tree through the winter. Capsules have fourcompartments that may contain several thousand tiny winged seeds.There are many problems with Paulownia tomentosa. Itswood is very brittle causing constant clean-up of fallenlimbs in planted landscapes. Moreover, its falling leaves,flowers, twigs and seed pods all create abundant litter.While it's flowers are beautiful, hard winters often freezeand kill the developing, young flower buds, leaving thetree no choice but to grow faster and drop more limbs.Paulownia tomentosa is listed as Noxious and banned in Connecticut. It isincluded on many other states invasive exotic pest plant lists.Once Paulownia tomentosa escapes cultivation it is anextremely fast-growing competitor with native species indisturbed natural areas including forests, stream banks and steeprocky slopes. It tolerates high soil acidity, drought, and low soilfertility enabling it to survive, grow, and reproduce on harsh,exposed sites. Roadsides provide ideal habitat and migrationroutes for this plant. It easily adapts to disturbed habitats whereit may compete with rare plants. Its ability to sprout prolificallyfrom adventitious buds on stems and roots allows it to survivefire, cutting, and even bulldozing in construction areas. Sproutsgenerally grow faster than seedlings. Natural habitats becomealtered through decreased light availability, decreased space,depleted soil moisture and nutrients, and reduced bio-diversity.It may not be widely known among horticulturalists and landscapers that this plant can be harmful tonatural habitats. Please consider removing this species from your inventory. Native trees that growquickly include Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree or yellow poplar) and Acer negundo (boxelder); othernatives have comparable attractive flowers or foliage such as Amelanchier canadensis and A. arborea(serviceberry), Cercis canadensis (redbud), Cornus florida (flowering dogwood), Ilex opaca (Americanholly), Morus rubra (red mulberry), Lindera benzoin (spicebush), and Sassafras albidum (sassafras).Visit http://www.invasive.org/browse/subinfo.cfm?sub=2426 for more detailsSee also: http://www.se-eppc.org/southcarolina/ and http://www.se-eppc.org/Paulowniatomentosagrowing on side ofbuilding (photo byJohnny Stowe)1819

In recent weeks we’ve seen a parade of mediareports and commentary regarding neonicotinoidinsecticides and their potential impact on bees. Manyof these stories provide important information for us toconsider and reflect upon, while others represent sensationalizedperspectives with the intention of drivinga political agenda.Growing plants, tending crops, and managinggreenhouses and landscapes are roles for responsiblestewards, and our industry’s access to and use ofinsecticides must be approached with the same levelof respect. Neonicotinoids are insecticides, capableof killing various insects, and, when used appropriatelyand as directed by the approved EPA labels,they are useful tools in the fight against invasive insectspecies and in ongoing efforts to manage pests.Some recent reports suggest that plants treatedwith neonicotinoid pesticides are connectedto Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) of bees – aphenomenon in which worker bees do not returnto their hive after foraging. However, research andpeer-reviewed publications, including those from theUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) andthe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stronglycontradict the finger-pointing at neonicotinoids.Rather, the research suggests that CCD of managedhives is likely caused by a combination of factors,including the 1987 introduction of the destructiveVarroa mite, bee pathogens and the constant stressof transporting hives to new locations by beekeepers.Fortunately, our native bees do not appear to beimpacted by CCD despite dealing with many of thesame parasites and pathogens and similar exposureto pesticides. This is not to say that pesticides playno role in CCD – the truth is we don’t have all of theanswers at this point.Based on current science, EPA continues to allowapplication of neonicotinoids with appropriate guidelinesbecause they are among the safer chemicalsavailable to combat many pests. We encourage theresearch community to pursue its work on this issuewithout bias and identify the necessary steps to alleviateCCD.As a proud part of U.S. agriculture, we certainlyunderstand the importance of pollinators to the agriculturalindustry and our natural environment. We alsorecognize the importance of having effective pesticideswith low environmental impact. Neonicotinoids,when used properly, are vital to the success of ourindustry. They are important tools in defending trees,shrubs, and plants against destructive invasive specieslike the Japanese Beetle, Hemlock Woolly Adelgidand Asian Longhorned Beetle, in dealing with invasiveand often chemical-resistant whitefly species, andpreventing the spread of these and other pests. Insome cases, neonicotinoids are approved regulatorytreatments for certification and interstate movementof nursery and greenhouse crops. In others, they arecritical to managing the development of pesticideresistance to other modes of action.The neonicotinoids represent a tremendousadvancement over older pesticide treatment options.When used properly, neonicotinoids effectively controlproblem insects, while exhibiting less impact onnon-target insects (including bees). Their ability toprovide residual control means fewer applicationsand less applicant exposure. We fear that decisionsmade to restrict or prohibit use of such materials,without scientific merit, will undermine research anddevelopment into new and reduced-risk materialsgoing forward.We must acknowledge our stewardship role in usingthese chemistries, deploy them as part of a managementstrategy, and always remember to use themonly as directed by the EPA-approved label.As always, please contact us if you need moreinformation, or have further questions.For more information, contact Joe Bischoff, ANLA’sDirector of Government Relations (jbischoff@anla.org).ANLA, a Washington, DC-based trade association, representsgreen industry business professionals seeking marketleadership through advocacy with our nation’s government,a community of industry innovators and experts, andunique, profitability-focused programming, products andservices. Through the Lighthouse Program, a partnershipwith green industry state and regional associations, ANLArepresents more than 22,000 businesses before Congressand to the White House.OFA – The Association of Horticulture Professionals isthe leading horticulture educational association in theUnited States. It is a non-profit, all-industry, educationalorganization and its core purpose/mission is “to supportand advance professional horticulture.” Industry segmentsserved include garden centers, greenhouses, nurseries,retail and wholesale florists, and interior plantscapers. OFAis especially known for its outstanding publications and itsannual OFA Short Course, U.S. horticulture’s premier conventionand marketplace. The next Short Course will takeplace on July 13-16, 2013 in Columbus, Ohio USA.SAF is the Washington, DC-based trade associationrepresenting all segments of the U.S. floral industry. Ourmembers are the industry’s top retailers, growers, wholesalers,importers, manufacturers, suppliers, educators, studentsand allied organizations nationwide and abroad. SAFprovides marketing, government advocacy, industry intelligence,and best practices information for the industry,which produces and sells cut flowers and foliage, foliageplants, potted flowering plants, and bedding plants, competingin the international marketplace.20 21

Clemson Horticulture Student EssayInternship at BWI Companies, Inc., Greer, SCBy Myles AyersI am experiencing an internship with a wholesale horticulturalcompany for the first time in my life. Growingup in a family landscape business I have never had anyexperience in sales. In past summers I spent 40-50 hoursa week installing landscapes and maintaining propertiesfor commercial and residential areas. One afternoon mydad sat down with me and discussed some internshipopportunities. He logged on the Internet, pulled up BWI’s(Bunch Wholesale Industry) number, and handed methe phone. I made the phone call to the division salesmanager, Bob Phillips, who immediately scheduled aninterview and then after we met, hired me.My internship agreement form stated that I would berotating duties throughout the entire company by workingin the warehouse, transportation, customer service,inside sales, and outside sales. I am pleased to say thatwhen the internship ended I had obtained great experiencesfrom each of these departments.The connections that I made between my internshipand the classroom appeared on a daily basis. The classthat always comes to mind is HORT 210. In this class weconcentrated on learning how to grow fall plants. Wealso had discussions on how a lot of growers are pushingtowards organically grown foods. As I shadowedthe outside sales associates I noticed how a lot of theircustomers are leaning towards purchasing organicproducts. BWI offers an organic line that is a top sellerto garden centers, growers, and seed stores. I’ve heardcustomers repeatedly say how important organics areto them. Another connection that I always seem to havewith the classroom is pest control. In HORT 433 we werefortunate enough to receive a booklet of notes thatexplained every type of pesticide that is used in the horticulturalindustry. We mainly learned about herbicides,but occasionally discussed insecticides and fungicides.BWI has recognized its customer’s need for pesticidesand it has paid off by becoming the top-selling productin the wholesale industry. One of the most significantconnections that I have experienced as an intern iscommunication skills. Whether it is talking on the phonewith a customer, or eating lunch with another employee,you must have good communication skills to be successfulin a sales-oriented career. In my COMM 150 classour professor, Eddie Smith, did a wonderful job teachingus how important it is to have these skills in the businessatmosphere. When I was in his classroom, his excellencein communication made the students happy, so I knowmy excellence in communication can make my customershappy.The best experience while interning at BWI was ridingaround with the drivers for deliveries. A lot of people donot understand how important a driver is for a successfulcompany. BWI has 90-100 drivers in their entire companyand they make deliveries in and out of state 3-4 days outof the week. They have to sacrifice a lot of time to theroad and don’t get to see their families as often as theywould like. It is great to see how strong the relationshipis between the customer and the driver. Usually they arewalking in the door and right away making jokes. BWI’stransportation manager implemented a very good interviewprocess and brought in a lot of good people withoutstanding characteristics.Each and every employee at BWI made me feel athome, but my favorite person had to be Bob Phillips(Sales Manager). Bob was very supportive throughoutmy internship experience. He rotated my duties almostevery other week and made sure that I was exposed tomany aspects of the company. I like how he has a laidback attitude but still gets the job done the best waypossible.In my opinion, the best traits that an intern needs forthis job would be outstanding communication skills, goodwork habits, and a will to try new things. This business is aprocess that takes months to catch on to and when youdo it is a lot of fun. I would recommend at least 2-3 yearsof horticulture experience before attempting this internship.If you are able to communicate efficiently andlisten to what others say this job can come easy. Sales isabout exposing your product to your customer but alsofollowing up with them to make sure they are content.2223

JOE-PYE WEEDRain Garden Plant Selections –(Sweet Joe-Pye, Hollow-stemmed Joe-Pye, Spotted Joe-Pye, Queen of the Meadow)Eutrochium spp. (syn. Eupatorium spp. and Eupatoriadelphus spp.)AsteraceaeHistory:The Eutrochium genus was recentlyformed by segregating species fromthe Eupatorium genera into smallersegments based on leaf morphologyand segregation. Eutrochiumleaves emerge in whorls while thoseof Eupatorium plants emerge inan opposite arrangement. 1 Thegenus Eupatorium was named afterthe king of Pontus (Mithridates VIEupator, c. 120-63 BC) who mayhave ingested small amounts ofmany types of plants (includingspecies of Eupatorium) in order tobuild an immunity to poisons.Plants within the Eutrochium genusare said to be named after JoePye, a Native American of theAlgonquin tribe who lived nearthe Massachusetts Bay Colony,who used decoctions made fromEutrochium purpureum to curefevers (e.g. Typhoid fever). 3 Anothercommon name for Eutrochium spp.is gravel root, which refers to theuse of a root decoction to reducethe size of kidney stones and toprevent their formation. 4 It is amainstay of the modern-herbal andis used in Appalachian regions tocure urinary disorders. The stems ofEutrochium maculatum have beenused as straws.ranges from a mid-tone green todark green and is rugged, yetlush in appearance. The flowersare the true feature of this plantand emerge in several layers ofdensely packed rounded paniclesthat range from 5” (dwarf cultivars)to 18” (species) in height andwidth. These flowers are invariablycovered with pollinators andnectar sippers from July throughSeptember. The flowers of Joe-Pyeweed attract nectar feeders (e.g.,Zebra swallowtail (ProtographiumChoosing PlantsTolerant ofDrought & FloodingFeatures:Eutrochium are excellent middle(dwarf cultivars) to back of theborder plants, that tolerate the dryconditions of rain gardens, onlygrowing to an average height of3 to 5’ under dried soil conditions.When species of Eutrochium areplaced in a garden where thesoil remains moist throughout thegrowing season they really beginto show off, becoming the gardenshow-stoppers in late summer,reaching 7 – 10 (12)’ in height andtopped by large panicles of showypink flowers for nearly 3 months.By Sarah A. WhiteClemson University Nursery Extension SpecialistJoe-Pye weed leaves have a faintvanilla scent when crushed. Duringspring and early summer the foliage24 25Continued on page 26

Genus and species 1Eutrochium dubium ‘Little Joe’Eutrochium fistulosumEutrochium maculatum var.maculatumEutrochium purpureumSite ConditionsLight: Full sun to part shade.Zones: 3 – 9GrowthHabit1-3’ h &1.5 -3’ w4-10’ h x4’ w2-7(9)’ hx 3’ w4-7’ h x3’ wLeaf Number &ArrangementFlower ColorWhorls of 3-4 (2 or 5) Lavender -pinkWhorls of 5-6 (3 to 7),hollow stemsWhorls of 4-5 (3 to 6),purple speckled stem,flat topped flowersWhorls of 3-5, greenstems, purplish at nodesGeneral Information for Eutrochium spp.Growth HabitGrowth rate: Moderate - Fast.Type: Herbaceous perennial.Origin: Southeastern United States. Habit: Multi-stemmed, mounding –spreading/open clump.Moisture: Moderate.Moisture timing: Tolerates dry soilconditions (shorter plants), but prefersconsistently moist soils (taller plants).Soil: Tolerates a variety of soils fromacidic to calcareous dry and wet soils;performs best in moderately moist.Smoky-pink topurple/mauvePinkish-purplePurplish-pinkFoliage: Serrated, dark-green lanceolateleaves in whorls around stems. Purplepetioles.Flower: Clusters of flowers (white,pink, purple) 6 – 18” across and tall(species dependent) from (June) July toSeptember.Fall – winter interest: Little, dried seedheadsprovide interest until plants arecut-back.Cultivars 2 : E. dubium ‘Baby Joe’ – compact form 2 to 3’ in height and 1 to 2’ in width.Blooms are lavender to fuchsia in coloration.E. dubium ‘Little Joe’ – erect clumping, compact form 2 to 4’ in height andwidth. Blooms are pinkish-lavender from July to September. Mostcompact of Joe-Pye cultivars available. Leaf-scorch if soil remains drytoo long.E. fistulosum ‘Early Riser’ – Moderate (7’) cultivar, earlier bloomer (June)than straight E. fistulosum. Blooms are lavender-mauve.E. maculatum ‘Atropurpureum – Purple spotted/mottled sturdy stemsgrow 7 to 9’ tall and plants spread ~3’. Leaf petioles are dark purpleand flowers purplish-pink in coloration.E. maculatum ‘Gateway’ – Compact and bushy clumps reach 4-5’ in height.The smoky-rose pink flower bloom from July to September.E. maculatum ‘Red Dwarf’ – 3’ tall selection with purple-black stems.Frilly, lavender blooms begin in July.E. purpureum ‘Little Red’ – 4’ tall stems topped with dense clusters ofpinkish-wine-red flowers in midsummer.marcellus), Variegated Fritillary(Euptoieta claudia), Tigerswallowtail (Papilio glaucas), Blackswallowtail (Papilio polyxenes),skippers (family Hesperiidae),hummingbirds, honeybees (Apismellifera), native bees, longtonguedbees, and wasps), andvarious parts of the plant attractcaterpillars (e.g., three-lined flowermoth (Schinia trifascia), Eupatoriumborer moth (Papaipema eupatorii),and Clymene moth (Haploaclymene)). 5,6 The mature seedsfrom the flower panicles are eatenby the Swamp Sparrow (Melospizageorgiana). 6 Joe-Pye weed isrelatively rabbit and deer-resistant.Siting:The native habitat of speciesof Eutrochium range from wetmeadows, moist thickets, lowmoist ground and woodedslopes to along roadsides (dryconditions). 5,6 In typical urbanlandscapes, Eutrochium plantsperform best when placed inlocations with consistent moisture.If planted in sites that remain dryfor too long, some leaf scorch canoccur. Powdery mildew, rust, andCercospora or Septoria leaf spotcan be pests of this plant, but aregenerally not noticeable. 5,6Eutrochium should be sited so thatits rugged and imposing vegetativeform can be appreciated, ratherthan battled. Thus, site plants nearthe rear of the border, along afence line, or mix with other tallperennials or shrub species to meldthe desired vegetative form andfloral display with the constraintsof the garden space. The mostimpressive visual display ofEutrochium spp. are accomplishedwith massed plantings in naturalizedor informal gardens. Joe-Pye weedis becoming a more common inUS gardens, but is already a stapleplant in European gardens. 7Care:Eutrochium spp. benefit frombenefit from being pruned from6 to 8” from the ground on ayearly basis in late winter or earlyspring before the new growthflush occurs. If a more compactappearance in the landscape isdesired, Eutrochium plants can bepruned back to between 1.5 and2’ in height In early summer (mid-May to early-June). When pruningto promote a more compact andfull appearance in late summer(Image with pruned & non-prunedplants), use hand pruners and cutback individual stalks above nodes.Plants in graphic were pruned nearJune 1, image from August 9, notepruned plants are blooming, butflowers on stalks that were prunedback have not reached mature“show” yet, though flower clustersare emerging from leaf axils. If theclump of Eutrochium becomes toolarge, divide the clump in fall orearly spring.Design considerations: The nearseason-long floral display is themain attraction of this star (queen)of the garden (meadow). Clustersof flowers are sometimes up to 18”tall and wide and are born on sturdystems that tend to remain upright inthe garden, even after heavy rainevents. The dark green foliage ofthe plant is not the main attractionfor this plant, though it remains“neat” throughout the growingseason. Clumps or specimens ofthis genus work in the landscapebecause of their showy flowers.Eutrochium plants provide theautumn garden with architecturalstructure, color, and motion (hordesof butterflies, moths, and pollinatorsthat use the plant as a nectarsource and habitat). 7Taller species/cultivars should beplaced in the back of the borderto provide vertical interest andcolor near the back of the border.Only smaller cultivars should bemixed in the middle regions ofany gardens. Eutrochium spp.are an excellent plant choicefor use in rain gardens, cottagegardens, meadows, or native plantgardens (such as the SustainableLandscape Demonstration Gardenhere at Clemson University http://www.clemson.edu/cafls/demo/,please come for a visit!), but reallyput on their full, magnificent display(height and floral) when providedwith adequate moisture throughoutthe season in wild/naturalized areasor in marginal marshy areas.The height and verticality ofmost Eutrochium species addstructure and a vibrant presenceto the garden, especially in latesummer/early fall when many otherperennial and shrubby species areleast showy. Tall Eutrochium spp.26 27are ideally suited to serve as neutralbackdrop for other showy plantsearly in the spring and summer, whilethe more compact Eutrochiumspp. can serve to integrate colorthroughout the landscape planting.Consider pairing Eutrochium spp.with woody shrubs like Black LaceElderberry (Sambucus nigra ‘BlackLace’), glossy abelia (Abelia xgrandiflora), ornamental grasseslike muhly grass (Muhlenbergiacappilaris), tall showy perennialslike blue mistflower (Conocliniumcoelestinum) or ironweed(Vernonia noveboracensis), or letEutrochium serve as a backdrop forbluestar (Amsonia spp.), Siberian iris(Iris sibirica), turtlehead (Cheloneglabra), redhot poker (Kniphofiauvaria), columbine (Aquilegiacanadensis), and many other raingardenfriendly plant species.References:1Weakley, A.S. 2011. Flora of theSouthern and Mid-AtlanticStates, working draft of 15 May2011. (http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/FloraArchives/WeakleyFlora_2011-May-print.pdf).2Armitage, A.M. 2008. HerbaceousPerennial Plants: A treatiseon their Identification,Culture and GardenAttributes. 3 rd Ed. Stipes.Champaign, IL. p 406-412.3Blanchan, N. 2005. Wild FlowersWorth Knowing. ProjectGutenberg Literary ArchiveFoundation.4Hemmerly, T. E. 2000. AppalachianWildflowers. Athens, Georgia:University of Georgia Press.5Kirk, S. 2009. Plant fact sheet forhollow-stemmed Joe-Pye WeedEupatoriadelphus fistulosus(Barrett) King and H. Rob. USDA-Natural Resources ConservationService, Norman A. Berb NationalPlant Materials Center, Beltsville,MD 20705.6Belt, S., S. Kirk. 2009. Plant factsheet for spotted joe pye weed(Eupatoriadelphus maculateusL. King and H.E. Robins Var.Maculatus). USDA-NaturalResources Conservation Service,Norman A. Berb National PlantMaterials Center, Beltsville, MD20705.7Floridata. 2013. #773 Eupatoriumfistulosum. Accessed: 9 August2013

South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association$500 PRIZELOGO DESIGN CONTESTENTRY FORMA signed entry form must be included with each design submitted. Entries must be e-mailed or postmarked by November 30, 2013.Name: _____________________________________________________________________ E-mail: ___________________________________________________________Address: __________________________________________________________________ City: _____________________________ State: ________ Zip: ____________Area Code & Phone: _____________________________________________________ Occupation: ______________________________________________________CONSENT, WAIVER OF LIABILITY, INDEMNITY AND RELEASEI, _______________________________________________________________________, grant The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Associationand its executive director, officers, board, members, agents and assigns (hereinafter referred to as SCNLA), the exclusive, royaltyfreeand perpetual right and permission to use, reproduce, adapt and display the original artwork that I have submitted toSCNLA (Artwork), on or in conjunction with, stationary, promotional items, and all media, for any purpose whatsoever.The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association (SCNLA), a state-wide membership organization that provideseducation, certification, and governmental affairs support to the nursery production, landscape contracting and retail gardencenter industry in South Carolina is seeking a new design for the Association logo. The Design Contest is open to all residents ofSouth Carolina and all submissions must be of original design.AWARD: SCNLA seeks an original design that represents the mission of the Association. The winner will receive $500.RULES:1. The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association LOGO DESIGN Contest is open to all residents of South Carolina.Entries from anyone under the age of 18 require written permission from a parent or guardian.2. There is no entry fee.3. The design must promote the nursery and landscape industry.4. All entries must include an entry form with signed Consent, Waiver of Liability, Indemnity and Release.5. Entrants may submit multiple original designs; each design must be accompanied by a completed entry form.6. All designs must be original artwork; they may be hand created or computer generated but may not contain “clip art.”7. Any artistic medium that lends itself to multiple used (printing, embroidering, etc.), including, but not limited to handdrawn,painted or digital art is permitted. The preferred format for submission is digital form, either on a CD or viae-mail. If sent via email, the file should not exceed 6MB. Entries will not be returned.8. The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association reserves the right to refuse any design.9. The image must be designed so that it will be useful and readable in both small (logo on stationary) and large (poster)formats. SCNLA may choose not to select any of the submitted designs and may re-advertise for additional designs.10. The winning design may need to be modified by the applicant to meet the needs of The South Carolina Nursery andLandscape Association. The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association reserves the right to use the winningdesign at its discretion. The winning design becomes the property of The South Carolina Nursery and LandscapeAssociation.11. Entries that were not selected as the winning design may not be used for other purposes until six months after the closeof the contest.DEADLINES:November 30, 2013: Submission deadlineDecember 5, 2013: Contest judgingFebruary 5, 2014: Announcement of winning designSubmit original design and entry form no later than November 30, 2013 to:South Carolina Nursery & Landscape Association • Attn: Logo Contest • 4661 Crystal Drive • Columbia, SC 29206E-mail: scplant@bellsouth.net • Phone 803-743-4284I agree not to use, reproduce or adapt the Artwork in any form once it has been selected as the winning design or if I have enteredinto other agreements with The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association. In the event my design was not selected,I agree to not to use, reproduce or adapt the Artwork in any form until six months after the close of the contest (November30, 2013). I understand and agree that The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association can file applications to registertrademark(s) or service mark(s) the winning design(s) that incorporate the Artwork in connection with license plates or otherpromotional use. I hereby release and discharge The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association from any and all claimsand demands arising out of or in conjunction with the use of the original Artwork, including without limitations any and allclaims for libel or invasion of privacy. The South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association maintains the right to declare nowinner if no design that meets South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association requirements is found.This release shall be binding upon me and my heirs, legal representatives, and assigns. I further release The South CarolinaNursery and Landscape Association from any responsibility for injury incurred during the research or production of the originalArtwork.I affirm that the Artwork I am submitting to the South Carolina Nursery and Landscape Association Logo Design Contest is myown original work in all respects. I am the sole and exclusive owner of the Artwork; it is free, clear, and unencumbered. No partof my submission has been taken from or based on any other work; no part infringes the copyright or any other right of anyperson; the reproduction, publication, exhibition, or any other use whether directly or indirectly, does not infringe upon therights of any person.I understand and agree that the Artwork may be used in whole or in part, at any time, in composite or distorted form, in coloror otherwise and may be published through any medium including, but not limited to, printed medium, video and/or on theInternet. I understand that if the Artwork is selected, in the process of converting it to multiple promotional items and uses, Imay need to alter the Artwork from its original form.I agree to indemnify all parties from and against any and all loss, damage, costs, charges, legal fees, recoveries, judgments thatmay be obtained against, imposed on, or suffered by parties by reason of any violation or infringement of any proprietary rightor copyright; or any libelous or unlawful matter contained in Artwork. I also agree to indemnify all parties for any such amountsarising from my breach of any covenant, representation, or warranty of this agreement. I declare that I am eighteen (18) yearsold or older, and am legally competent to execute this release or that I have acquired the written consent of my parent orguardian. I understand that the terms herein are contractual and not a mere recital, that this instrument is legally binding, andthat I have voluntarily signed this agreement.I HAVE FULLY INFORMED MYSELF OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS CONSENT, WAIVER OF LIABILITY AND RELEASE BYREADING IT BEFORE SIGINING IT ON BEHALF OF MYSELF AND MY HEIRS.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________Submitter’s Name (Please Print) Signature of Submitter (if over 18) DateIF SUBMITTER IS UNDER 18, THE PARENT OR LEGAL GUARDIAN, IF ANY, MUST SIGN._________________________________________________________________Signature of Parent or Legal Guardian___________________Date30 31

Scale Insects: The Banes of OrnamentalsJuang-Horng ‘JC’ ChongTurf & Ornamental Entomologist, Clemson University, Pee Dee Research & Education Center2200 Pocket Road • Florence, SC 29506Tel.: 843-662-3526 ext. 224 • E-mail: juanghc@clemson.eduI believe I am not overstating the importance of scaleinsects when I call them the banes of all ornamentaltrees, shrubs and grasses. In a survey of a focus groupof nursery growers and managers from GA, KY, NC,SC and TN by Fulcher et al. (2012), armored and softscale insects are ranked the number 1 pest in prevalenceand difficulty to control. Any plant species canbe attacked by one or more species of scale insects.This article will touch briefly on the identification, biologyand management of scale insects in general.The follow-up articles in this new series will focus onthe some of the most common scale insect species inSouth Carolina.One of the most critical issues in the managementof scale insects is the timing of insecticide application.However, there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ applicationtiming for scale insects because each species has adifferent crawler emergence and susceptible time.Therefore, the first step in scale insect management isproper identification of the culprits.There are more than 110 scale insect (superfamilyCoccoidea) species in South Carolina alone, withthe armored scale (Diaspididae; 47 species), mealybugs(Pseudococcidae; 21 species), and soft scales(Coccidae; 17 species) being the families with themost species. Although the identification of closelyrelated species is best left to the specialists, most ofus should be able to distinguish the three main scaleinsect families. Being able to identify the families isimportant because that ability will give you clues onthe identity of the species (by relating that to theplant species), life history, and management. Table1 provides a list of characteristics that can help withdistinguishing the three main families. This table maynot be very useful in identifying other oddball smallfamilies, which have characteristics or behaviors thatare intermediate of the three main families.Once the scale insect family is identified, we canmake educated guesses on the life history of the species.Most soft scale species have one-year life cycle.For example, the oak lecanium scale females layeggs in April, the eggs hatch in May, the crawlers andnymphs feed on oak leaves in the summer and moveonto the twigs to overwinter in the fall, and finallycomplete development to adult females in the spring.Table 1. Characteristics and behaviors that could help distinguish among soft scales, armored scale and mealybugs.Characteristics/behaviors Armored scales Soft scales MealybugsProtective shellShell is composed of castskins, wax and fecal materials(Figure 1A); not anintegral part of the body, soit can be separated fromthe body (Figure 2A) whenflipped over.Shell is composed of skinand wax (Figure 1B); anintegral part of the body, soit cannot be separated fromthe body when flipped over(Figure 2B).No shell; body is coveredwith waxy dusts or depositsand lateral waxy filaments(Figure 1C).There are exceptions, such as the Florida wax scale,which has two crawler emergence periods (May andJuly) in South Carolina. Almost all mealybug specieshave multiple generations per year with each generationcompleted in 1-2 months. The armored scale, onthe other hand, is more complicated. Some species,even those in the same genus, have different life history.The wax myrtle scale, obscure scale and gloomyscale are all members of the genus Melanaspis. Theobscure scale and the gloomy scale have one generationper year (crawlers emerge between May andJune) while the wax myrtle scale has three (crawlers inMay, August, October-November).“You are just giving us more works, JC!” you said, “Idon’t have time to identify the scales and know theirlife histories. I can simply apply systemic insecticidesand kill all of them darn things!” It is not true! Hereis why: Based on my experience and (I believe) anemerging realization, systemic insecticides cannot killthem all. You will have to choose your arsenal carefullydepending on the feeding habit and the lifehistory of the scale insect species. For a scale insectspecies that feed exclusively on leaves (such as thetea scale on camellias) or spend part of the time onthe leaves (such as the crawlers and nymphs of theoak lecanium scale), application of systemic insecticidesusing direct (foliar spray) and indirect methods(soil drench, soil injection, trunk spray, trunk injectionand granules) can be very effective, even when thetrees are tall. However, for scale insect species (suchas the gloomy scale on red maples) or life stage (suchas adult females of oak lecanium scale) that feed onthe twigs, branches and trunks, application of systemicinsecticides using indirect methods is not effective. Inthis case, you will have to do repeated foliar sprays ofcarbaryl, acephate, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, buprofezin,azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, spirotetramat, neonicotinoids(acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran,imidacloprid and thiamethoxam), entomopathogenicfungi (Beauvaria bassiana), insecticidal soap and horticulturaloil. The application should be timed to coincidewith the peak emergence of the crawlers andrepeated every 10-14 days until the entire emergenceperiod is covered.1A1B1CHoneydew productionPresence of legs on femalesShell attachment to plantmaterialsFigure LegendsFeed on individual plantcells; do not produce honeydew.Females lose legs after settlingand molting to secondinstars.Shell always fastened toplant materials.Feed on phloem; produce alarge amount of honeydewand associated black sootymold.Females lose legs after adultmolt.Females fastened to plantmaterials just before eggproduction; mobile duringnymphal stage.Feed on phloem; produce alarge amount of honeydewand associated black sootymold.Females have fully functionallegs throughout their lives.Mobile for the entire lifecycle.Figure 1. Examples of armored scales (a camellia scale, 1A), soft scales (a Florida wax scale, 1B) and mealybugs (a Madeira mealybug,1C) (Photos by Ernesto Robayo).Figure 2. The body of an armored scale separates from its shell when flipped over with a pin (2A), while the body and shell of a soft scaledo not separate (2B) (Photos by Ernest Robayo).Let me get off the soapbox for now. Starting in the nextissue, we will discuss one or a group of related speciesin individual articles. We will talk about how to identifythe species, understand its life history, and practicalapproaches to it management, which include cultural,chemical and biological approaches. Hope youwill stay with me.ReferencesFulcher, A., W. E. Klingeman, J.-H. Chong, A. LeBude,G. R. Armel, M. Chappell, S. Frank, F. Hale, J. Neal, S.White, J. Williams-Woodward, K. Ivors, C. Adkins, A.Senesac, and A. Windham. 2012. Stakeholder visionof future direction and strategies for southeastern U.S.nursery pest research and extension programming.Journal of Integrated Pest Management 3 (2): DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/IPM110302A2B3839

LEAST WANTED: An Intruder Among UsLiz Gilland, City of Camden Urban ForesterBrian Wilson, Sales • (336) 624-6484I do not consider myself an alarmist nordo I normally get overly excited about things,but there is definitely cause for concernregarding a recent find in my fair city ofCamden. In late May I performed a residentialtree check in a portion of town known asthe mill village, as that’s what it used to be.As a general rule when visiting a site, I do mybest not only to look at the tree of concern butalso to walk the property to make sure othertrees are ok as well. In doing so at this particularproperty one tree caught my eye. ThenI saw another and another and another. Myfirst thought was “Uh-oh” my second thoughtwas “If they are at this property, where elseare they?”In the following month and a half with myeye sharpened on the fact that this tree is herein town, my focus was honed in on scoutingfor this most unwelcomed guest. Sincethat initial finding, pockets of this intrusive,obnoxious and nuisance tree have been foundalong 7 other streets scattered throughouttown. This is one leafy neighbor I do not wantsettling roots here. In fact, its control andremoval are now priority one on my to-do listbefore the weather gets cool.This least wanted tree is commonly calledtree-of-heaven or ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima).While the name may sound lovely andconjure visions of an angelic tree, this is oneof the most invasive, pervasive, domineeringand pesky nuisance trees here in the southeast– worse than kudzu in my opinion. It canliterally over-run an area in a matter of just afew years and choke out native plant species.In fact, just the other week while pruningcrape myrtles in an 8 foot by 12 foot plantingisland (where I had pruned last year) I found20, yes that’s 20 knee-high tall seedlings. Iam now alarmed people, very alarmed.According to Phil Pannill, U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Shepherdstown, WV and JilSwearingen, National Park Service, Centerfor Urban Ecology, Washington, DC in a factsheet they wrote for the Plant ConservationAlliance’s Alien Plant Working Group in2009, ailanthus, also known as Chinesesumac and stinking sumac, is a deciduoustree that can reach 80 feet in height. Ailanthushas smooth stems with pale gray bark andtwigs which are light chestnut brown. Itsvery large compound leaves are 1 - 4 feet inlength, alternately branched and composedof 10-41 smaller leaflets. The fruit are flat,twisted, winged seeds that occur in clusters atthe end of branches during late summer andmay persist on the tree through the fall.It is important not to confuse ailanthuswith native trees such as ash, hickory, blackwalnut and pecan, which can be distinguishedfrom ailanthus in two ways. First, the leafedges of ailanthus are somewhat toothedinstead of smooth like the trees mentionedabove and second, is to crush or break theleaves or twigs and smell the distinct rottenpeanut butter aroma it exudes. If it smells, it’sgot to go.Ailanthus would be a great tree if itweren’t for its extremely fast-growth rate,which tends to produce brittle wood butmore importantly its prolific seeding, whichcan result in the take-over a local ecosystem.One study reports that an individualmature tree can produce as many as 325,000seeds per year, making it one of the mostdangerously invasive trees. Nationally, ailanthusis recognized to be a serious agriculturalpest and is listed on practically every nonnativeinvasive tree list throughout the UnitedStates.The primary concern regarding this treeits ability to sprout up just about anywhere,including vacant lots, ditch banks, woodlands,sidewalks, parking lots and streets.Seedlings can germinate by the hundreds ifconditions are right. Established trees alsoproduce numerous suckers from the rootsand re-sprout vigorously from cut stumps. Isee ailanthus as the modern-day beanstalk ofthe famous Jack in the Beanstalk fairy tale.Release a seed on the ground, give it a dropof water and away it grows!Ailanthus is a tree native of China andwas first introduced to America by a gardenerin Philadelphia, PA, in 1784, and by 1840was commonly available from nurseries. Thespecies was also brought into California byChinese immigrants who traveled overseesduring the goldrush in the mid-1800s. Today,it is found scattered about in 43 states and twoCanadian provinces.As mentioned earlier, the control, removaland eradication of this tree is now my priority,no, my mission. Elimination of ailanthusrequires diligence, due to its abundant seedproduction, high seed germination rate andvegetative reproduction.Three approaches to control and eradicationof this invasive tree are available.Manual: young seedlings may be pulled ordug up, preferably when soil is moist. Caremust be taken to remove the entire plantincluding all roots and fragments, as thesewill almost certainly regrow. Mechanical:cutting down tall saplings and large trees isusually counter-productive because ailanthusresponds by producing large numbers ofstump sprouts and root suckers, potentiallymaking even more seeds. Repeated cuttingof sprouts over time can exhaust the plantsreserves but this is not a good option forimmediate eradication. Chemical: the mostsuccessful method of ailanthus control isthrough the use of herbicides, which may beapplied to the leaves, a cut stump or to thetrunk via vascular injection. The trunk applicationmethod is probably the most effectiveas it is specifically labeled for and directed totreat the root system of the targeted tree andkill it.So, my hope of a casual and routine summerhas now been turned into dare I say…atree-killing mission. In the coming weeksI’ll complete my research of the situation,compile a tally of the tree’s location aroundthe city and procure a professional to begincontrol methods. If you happen to see orhave this tree growing at your nursery, ata client’s house or somewhere else, pleaseconsider control methods to help manage thisunwelcome intruder.Author’s note: At the time of article submission,approximately 275 trees, rangingfrom angle-high to 17 inches in diameter,have been found within the city, but the huntcontinues!40 41

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