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THENUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,ANDJOURNAL OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,///fj-(ANDU R N A LOF THE(NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.EDITEDSIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.,CORRESPONDANT DE L'lNSTITUT DB FEANCE,BARCLAY V. HEAD, D.C.L., PH.D.,KEEPER OK COINS, BRITISH MUSEUM,ITEM BE R OF THE 1MPER[AL GERMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE,HON. MEMBER OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF VIENNA,HERBERT A. GRUEBER, F.S.A.,ASSISTANT-KEEPER OF COINS, BRITISH MUSKUM,ANDEDWARD J. RAPSON, M.A., M.R.A.S.BYTHIRD SERIES.-VOL, XX.Factum abiit monumenta manerit. Ov. Fast.? v \>. Vr?tf*.r$^$&/

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'CONTENTS.ANCIENT NUMISMATICS.Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in 1899. ByPageWarwick Wroth, F.S.A 1Find ofEoman Coins and Gold Rings at Sully, near Cardiff.By H. A. Grueber, F.S.A. . .1* ifi-'IMihg ' 27Otanes, and Phraates IV. By Warwick Wroth, F.S.A. . 89AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. By M. Rostowzew .^ .. 96L' Atelier monetaire de Londres (Londinium) pendant laPeriode constantinienne. By Jules Maurice . . . 108On the Re-arrangement of Parthian Coinage.By WarwickWroth, F.S.A. . 181Unpublished or Rare Coins of Smyrna in the Bodleian Cabinet.By C. W. C. Oman, F.S.A. . . . v.'j W.JTI 203On a Hoard of Roman Coins found at Carhayes, Cornwall.By F. Haverfield, F.S.A. ...... 209Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in 1900. ByWarwick Wroth, F.S.A. . 273

VICONTENTS.Classification chronologiquedes Emissions monetaires dePagePAtelier de Siscia pendantla Periode constantinienne.By Jules Maurice 297MEDIAEVAL AND MODERN NUMISMATICS.Ecgberht, King of the West Saxons, and the Kent Men, andhis Coins. By Sir Henry H. Howorth, K.C.I.E. . . 66On Some Unique Anglo-Saxon Coins. By Lord Grantley,F.S.A 148On the Half-Noble of the Third Coinage of Edward III. ByL. A. Lawrence ........ 162On a Small Hoard of Groats of Henry VI to Henry VII.By L. A. Lawrence . 166The First Gold Coins of England. By Sir John Evans,K.C.B 218The Coinage of the South African Republic .... 252NOTICES OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS.Money. By A. R. S. Kennedy. (From Hastings' DictionaryoftheBibh] 270The Token Money of the Bank of England, 1797-1816. ByMaberly Phillips, F.S.A. . . . v. 271

CONTENTS.VllMISCELLANEA.A new Variety of the Half-Groat of Charles I. . .88An unpublished Variety of the Porto-Bello Medal . .180Medal of Successes of Frederick the Great in 1757 . .180An unpublished Silver Coin of Verica ..... 264Some unpublished Varieties of Saxon Coins .... 265Bibliographical Notes on Greek Coins (continued) . . .36Index of Authors and their Papers, and General Index ofVols. XIXX, Third Series.

VlllPLATES.LIST OF PLATES CONTAINED IN VOL. XX.PlatesI., II. Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in1899.III.Roman Gold and Silver Coins and Rings found nearCardiff.IVV. Monnaies de Londres.VI. A Find of Groats, Henry VI Henry VII.VII.IX. Parthian Coins.X. The Great Seal of Edward III, 13401372.XI. The First Gold Coins of England.XII. Coins of the South African Republic,XIII., XIV. Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in1900.XV., XVI. Monnaies de Siscia.

PBOCEEDINGS OF THE NUMISMATICSOCIETY.SESSION 18991900.OCTOBER 19, 1899,SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.,V.P.S.A., F.G.S., President, in the Chair.Charles Bennet Lawes, Esq., was elected a Member.The following presents were announced and laid upon thetable :1. American Journal of Archaeology. Ser. IT. Vol. ii,No. 6, and Vol. iii,Nos. 13.2. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.Nos. 190193.8. The Canadian Antiquarian and Numismatic Journal.Vol. i. No. 4.4. Guide pratique de 1'Antiquaire. By A. Blanchet and F.de Villenoisy. From the Authors.5. Revue Suisse de Numismatique. Vol. viii, 2 me liv.,and Vol. ix, l re liv.6. Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historic. Bind xiii,Heft 4, and Bind xiv, Heft 12.a

&PROCEEDINGS OF THE7. Nouvelle Encyclopedic Monetaire, by A. Bonneville;Monnaies feodales de France, by F. Poey D'Avant ;DeutscbeMiinzen, by H. Dannenberg, Vols. i iv ;SchweizerischeMiinz-und-Geldgeschichte, by A. Eschar ;Numismatique Soissonnaise,by A. Michaut ;and Luther's Andenken in Jubel-Miinzen, by H. G. Kreussler.the President.From Sir John Evans, K.C.B.,8. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. v.No. 2.9. Journal of Hellenic Studies. Vol. xix. Part I.10. Bulletin de Numismatique. Mai Sept., 1899.11. Zeitschrift fur Numismatik. Band xxi. Heft 3 and 4.12. Numismatische Zeitschrift. Jan. Jun., 1899.13. Revue Numismatique. 2 me and 3 me trimestre, 1899.14. Annual of the British School at Athens, 18941898.15. Revue Beige de Numismatique. 3 me and 4 me liv.,1899.16. Transactions of the Japan Society of London. Vol. iv.17. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the AmericanNumismatic and Archa3ological Society, 1899.18. Medailles gravees par des Artistes d'origine Suisse. ByL. Forrer. From the Author.19. Quelques Varietes inedites de Grand-Bronzes romaines.By L. Forrer. From the Author.20. Monnaies romaines inedites. By L. Forrer. From theAuthor.21. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Fasc. 2, 1899.22. II Ripostiglio di Abbiategrasso. ByFrom the Author.S. Ambrosoli.23. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.Vol. ix.Part it.24. Memoires de la Societe royale des Antiquaires du Nord,1898.25. Report of the Madras Government Museum, 18981899.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.O26. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. 2 raetrimestre, 1899.27. Trois Deniers Liegeois de la seconde moitie du XII mesiecle. By the Vicomte B. de Jonghe. From the Author.28. Les Monnaies frappees a Maestricht sous Philippe IV(1621 1665). By the Vicomte B. de Jcwnghe. From theAuthor.29. The Imperial Coinage of Mexico. By Benj. Betts. Fromthe Author.80. Les Liards de France. By Paul Bordeaux. From theAuthor.31. Limitation des types monetaires Flamands au Moyen-Age. By R. Serrure. From the Author.32. Medal in bronze commemorating the 60th yearof thereignof Her Majesty Queen Victoria. From the Corporationof the City of London.Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited a series of Irish groats of Maryand Philip, dated 1553, 1555, 1556, and 1557. As Mary'smarriage to Philip did not take place till July, 1554, the date1553 must be a blunder. Mr. Hoblyn also showed a medal ofCharles II, commemorating his departure from Scheveningen in1660. This medal, which was the work of Pieter van Abeele rwas made into a box, containing two medalets of Charles II rone commemorating his restoration, the other his marriage.Mr. T. Bliss exhibited some rare penniesAlfred.of u3E.thelwulf andMr. C. E. Simpson exhibited an unpublished half-groat ofAberystwith, struck during the reign of Charles I.Mr. J. Young showed two Aquitaine gros of Edward III rreading " Dominus Hibernias " instead ofDominus Aquitanice.Mr. W. Webster exhibited a penny of Eadred, struck atAxminster, being an unpublished mint of that reign.Mr. G. F. Hill read apaper on the coinage of the high-priestsof Olba and of the districts of Cennatis and Lalassis. Itappears from the coins that Ajax, the Toparch of Cennatis

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THEarid Lalassis, ruled from 10-11 to 14-15 A.D., and that M.Antonius Polemo, high-priest of Olba and dynastof the samedistricts, is to be placed some time between 17 and 36 A.D.Professor Ramsay's identification of this Polemo with theeldest son of Polemo I Eusebes and Pythodoris (mentioned,but not named, by Strabo) is supported by all the evidence,numismatic and historical. This paper is printed in Vol. xix.,p. 181. NOVEMBER 16, 1899.SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.Charles J. P. Cave, Esq., Reuben Cull, Esq., and FrancisBertram Welch, Esq., were elected Members.The following presents were announced and laid upon thetable :M.A.1. Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins. By G. F. Hill,From the Author.2. The Canadian Antiquarian and Numismatic Journal. Vol.ii. No. 1.3. The Vettian Picture. BySvoronos. From the Authors.E. J. Seltman and J. N.4. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.No. 195.5. Travaux de la Societe Numismatique de Moscow. Vol. i.and Vol. ii. l re liv.Mr. R. A. Hoblynexhibited some rare coins of the Irishseries, amongst which were the base groat of Mary, theKilkenny halfpenny and farthing, the Dublin halfpenny of1679, the white-metal groat of James II, and " Voce Populi"farthings.

NUMISMATIC SOCTETY.OMr. F. A. Walters showed an Irish double of Edward IV,and a groat of Richard III of his first coinage ;both piecesbeing of the Drogheda mint.Mr. L. A. Lawrence exhibited a series of pennies ofEdward the Confessor, of the small cross and pyramid type ;the bust of the king showing considerable variety,case being turned to the left instead of to the right.and in oneSir Hermann Weber, M.D., read a paper on recent finds ofarchaic Greek coins in Lower Egypt, more particularly inreference to one made at Sakha in the Fayum. The coins fromthis last hoard were all of the sixth century B.C., and camefrom various partsof the Greek world. The author drewattention to the similarity of this and previous finds in Egypt,and suggested that their importation must have taken placeabout the period of the Persian invasion (B.C. 525). This paperis printed in Vol. xix, p. 269.Mr. F. J. Haverfield communicated an account of a hoardof Roman coins found at Carhayes in Cornwall in 1869. Thehoard consisted entirely of base antoniniani, some 2,100 innumber, which extended from the reign of Valerian to that ofProbus (A.D. 253-282). The reigns most fully representedwere those of Gallienus, Victorinus, Tetricus sen., Tetricusjun., and Claudius Gothicus.DECEMBEE 21, 1899.SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.William Gowland, Esq., F.S.A., was electeda Member; andM. Edmond Drouin of Paris, Dr. Ettore Gabrici of Naples,and Prof. Dr. Behrendt Pick of Gotha, were elected HonoraryMembers.The following presents were -announced and laid upon thetable :

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE1. Les Tresors de Monnaies Romanies. By A. Blanchet.From the Author.2. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Fasc. III., 1899.3. Proceedings of the Boyal Irish Academy. Vol. v. No. 3.4. Bonner Jahrbiicher. Heft 104.5. Priester-Diademe. By G. F. Hill. From the Author.6. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.No. 196.7. Journal of Hellenic Studies. Vol. xix. Part II.8. La Gazette Numismatique. 4 me annee. No. 2.9. Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie. Bind xiv,Heft 3.10. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquariesof Ireland.Vol. ix.Part III.11. Publications de la Section historique de 1'Institut Grand-Ducal de Luxembourg. Vols. xlvi, xlvii, and xlix.12. Bulletin de 1'Academie royale de Belgique, Tomes3537 and Tables; Generates, Tomes 130 and the;Annuaire from 18981899.Mr. L. A. Lawrence showed some silver coins of Edward Vand Richard III, and pointed out that, whereas all the peculiaritiesfound on the coins of Edward V were to be found alsoon those of Richard III, none of them occurred on coins hithertoassigned to Edward IV.Mr. A. E. Copp exhibited a shilling of President Kruger.Mr. T. Bearman exhibited a patternnoble of Charles I(Scotland), from the Rev. J. H. Pollexfen's collection, supposedby Burns to be unique.Mr. R. A. Hoblyn showed pattern groats of Mary,William III.wife ofMr. A. A. Banes exhibited a shilling of the first issue ofGeorge IV, 1820.The President exhibited a Paduan medal, probably by GiovanniCavino, found in the neighbourhood of Hemel Hempstead,having an obverse of Diclius Julianus (193 A.D.) and a reverse

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 7copied from the decadrachms of Syracuse (circa 400 B.C.),andalso a head of Medusa in onyx, found in the Tiber about twentyyears ago.Mr. E. J. Seltman communicated a paper " On NummiSerrati and Astral Coin-Types," in which he discussed thetheories which have been held to explain the issue of thevarious ancient coinages having serrated edges. Among thesetheories was one held by M. Svoronos, who supposed that thesecoins were intended by their shape to symbolise solar or othercelestial bodies. Mr. Seltman did not accept this theory, andincidentally discussed its application by M. Svoronos to theexplanation of many Greek coin-types. This paper is printedin Vol. xix, p. 322.JANUARY 18, 1900.H. A. GRUEBEB, ESQ., F.S.A., Hon. Secretary, in the Chair.The following presents were announced and laid upon thetable :1. Revue Numismatique. 4 me trimestre, 1899.2. Bulletin de Numismatique. Oct. Dec., 1899.3. Revue Beige de Numismatique. l re liv., 1900.4. The Numismatic Circular for 1899. From Messrs. Spinkand Sons.5. Handbook of the Coins of Great Britain and Ireland. ByH. A. Grueber. From the Trustees of the British Museum.Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited a series of groats, pennies, &c,,of the Irish coinage of Edward IV extendingfrom 1461 to1470, during which period there were six distinct issues.Mr. W. C. Boyd showed some unpublished varieties ofpennies of Burgred, Eadgar, and Harthacnut.Mr. T. Bliss exhibited a crown in gold of Edward VI havingthe mint-mark a swan, the special mark of Sir Martin Bowes,and an angel of Charles I with the triangle mint- mark, bothhitherto unpublished.

SPROCEEDINGS OF JHEMr. L. A. Lawrence exhibitedsome contemporary forgeriesof coins of Charles I, the Commonwealth, and Charles II.Mr. John Pinches exhibited a medal of the late ProfessorSylvester, struck as a mathematical prize medal by the RoyalSociety.Mr. W. J. Andrew communicated the introductory portionof a monograph on the coinage of Henry I. After viewinggenerally the state of the coinage at the period of the NormanConquest, and the proportionate value of commodities as representedby Norman money and by money of the present time,the writer discussed the succession of the types of the coinage,the constitution of the mints, the manufacture of the dies, andthe status of the moneyers.As regards the constitution of themints, Mr. Andrew was of opinion that not only were thereroyal mints and mints of the bishops, abbots, &c., but that theright of coinage was also granted to the greater ealdormen,who, however, only exercised this privilege when residing intheir lordships, within the limits of which the mints weresituated.This would, in many instances, account for the longintervals which occurred between the issues of manyof thelesser mints. In the case of the moneyers, Mr. Andrew heldthat at first they were probably the actual engravers of the diesfor the coins, but that after the tenth century, when the controlof the coinage was centralised, they then became officers responsibleonly for the proper standard of the money both as regardsits purity and weight.FEBRUARY 15, 1900.OLIVER CODRINGTON, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., Librarian, inthe Chair.Lionel M. Hewlett, Esq., and H. Neville S. Langton, Esq.,were elected Members.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.The following presents were announced and laid upon thetable :~1. Zeitschrift fiir Nunrismatik. Band xxii. Heft 1 3.2. Bivista Italiana di Numismatica. Vol. xii. Fasc. 4.3. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.Nos. 197 and 198.4. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquaires de laMorinie. Liv. 192.5. Memoires de la Societe royale des Antiquaires du Nord,1899.6. Journal of the Royal Society of AntiquariesVol. ix. Part 4.of Ireland.7. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution. Jan. 1897.Mr. W. J. Hocking exhibited a specimen of the CanadaGeneral Service medal, which has been awarded to those whotook part in repelling the Fenian raids on the Canadian frontierin 1866 and 1870, or were engaged in the Red River Expeditionin 1870. It carries three separate bars, one for each of theabove events.Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited some rare Irish coins of HenryVII, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth.Mr. L. A. Lawrence showed some groats of Edward III andIV with unusual minor peculiarities, and a London penny ofthe latter bearing the mint-mark a mascle.Captain R. J. H. Douglas exhibited a rare penny of William Istruck at Taunton.Mr. W. J. Andrew continued his account of the coinage ofHenry I, the first portion of which he had communicated to theSociety at its previous meeting.Having analysed the contentsof the various finds of coins of Henry I which had occurredduring the past hundred years, he proceededto describe indetail the chronological sequence of the different types, each ofwhich marked a distinct issue.The classification was based onthe evidence afforded by the finds in question, on the changesin the forms of the letters in the legends from Roman tob

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THELombardic, on the various spellings of the king's name, and on amass of historical evidence, gleaned chiefly from contemporarywriters and chronicles. One of the results of Mr. Andrew'sstudies has been that he proposes considerable modifications inthe succession of the types as suggested by Hawkins, whoseviews have been hitherto mainly adopted by English numismatists.MAECH 15, 1900.OLIVER CODRINGTON, ESQ., M.D., F.B.A., Librarian, inthe Chair.Frederick W. Lincoln, Esq., Juru, the Rev. Robert ScottMy hie, M.A., B.C.L., F.S.A., and the Rev. Jeremiah Zimmerman,D.D., were elected Members.The following presents were announced and laid upon thetable :1. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.No. 199.2. Le Medaglie di Alessandro Volta. By S. Ambrosoli. Fromthe Author.3 Les Monnaies d'Or de Tarente. ByFrom the Author.Michel P. Vlasto.4. American Journal of Archscology. Vol. iii. No. 6.Mr. F. A. Walters exhibited some groats and a half-groat ofHenry IV, in illustration of Mr. L. A. Lawrence's paper on thecoinage of that king.Mr. W. J. Hocking exhibited specimensof the new medalsawarded for the Uganda and Soudan campaigns, and a specimenof the Kruger sovereign of 1896.Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a native imitation of a Ceylonone-twenty-fourth rupee with blundered lettering.Mr. L. A. Lawrence communicated a paper on the coinage

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 11of Henry IV. He described several new types of the groatwhich had been unearthed of late years, and which made itnecessary torearrange the series of coins of Henry IV, and totransfer to his reign some pieceshitherto to his son, Henry V.which had been attributedAs many of these coins bear theportrait of Richard II, and are of light weight, he suggestedthat the date hitherto assigned to the introduction of the lightsilver standard viz., the thirteenth year of Henry IV must beerroneous, and that the reduction in weight probably took placeat no very distant period after his accession. By this newclassification the last issue of Henry IV and the first ofHenry V were practically identical, but the latter's coinagecould be distinguished by being of coarser workmanship.APRIL 26, 1900.SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.The following presents were announced and laid upon thetable :1. Annual of the British School at Athens, 18981899.2. Transactions of the Japan Society of London, 18981899.3. American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. III. Nos. 4 5.4. Bulletin de Numismatique. Jan. Fev., 1900.5. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. 3 meand 4 me trimestres, 1899.6. Revue Beige de Numismatique. 2 me liv., 1900.7. Proceedings of the Society of AntiquariesVol. xvii. No. 2.of London.8. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Fasc. 4, 1900.9. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.Nos. 200201.

12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE10. A Collection of Antiquities from Central Asia, by Dr.B. Hoernle; and Hessischen Miinzen (4 vols.), by J. C. 0.Hoffmeister. From Sir John Evans, K.C.B., the President.11. Numismatische Kleinigkeiten. By Dr. Heinrich Willers.From the Author.From Major H. W. Morrisson, B.E.The President exhibited a badge in silver of Charles I, havingon the obverse the king's bust, three-quarter face, and thelegend " Carolus Primus," and on the reverse the royal armsengraved between C.B.Mr. A. E. Copp exhibited a badge of the same class byBawlins, but with the bust of the king in profile and bearing onthe reverse a portrait of Henrietta Maria.Mr. B. A. Hoblyn showed some copper siege-money of12. Priced Sale Catalogues of the Clark and Durlacher Collections.Kilkenny,struck in 1642.Mr. Thomas Bliss exhibited some shillings of Charles I, ofthe Tower mint, and of Bristol, Exeter, Worcester, and "York, of.various types.Mr.L. Forrer showed an unpublished one-and-a-half thalerof Wismar, having a shield of arms on the obverse and a figureof St. Lawrence represented in three-quarter length on thereverse.Mr. W. Webster showed a rose noble of Edward counterstruckwith the arms of Dantzic.Mr. H. A. Grueber read a paper on a recent find of gold andsilver Boman coins and gold rings at Sully, near Cardiff.Thehoard consisted of seven gold coins of Diocletian and MaximianHerculius, and of 316 silver pieces rangingin date from A.D.180 to A.D. 267 (Marcus Aurelius to Postumus), with the exceptionof a denarius of Carausius. The most interesting amongstthe gold coins was a double-aureus of Diocletian issued in A.D.303 on the occasion of the triumph held at Borne which celebratedthe brilliant achievements that had happened during hisreign. It has on the reverse Victory offering a globe to the

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 13emperor, who is shown in his favourite personification of Jupiter.The only piece of special interest amongst the silver coins wasthe denarius of Carausius commemorating his arrival in Britainin A.D. 286, and with the remarkable " legend Expectate veni,"and showing a female figure holding a standard and greeting theemperor.This coin Mr. Grueber attributed to Rutupiae (Richborough),at which port Carausius made his landing. The ringswere of the usual forms of Roman rings ofthe end of the thirdcentury, having the hoops angular in shape, and having bezelswith engraved or unengraved stones, or of the same material asthe rest of the ring. This paper is printed in Vol. xx, p. 27.MAY 17, 1900.SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.Stephen W. Bushell, Esq., M.D., C.M.G., Signor GiovanniDattari, and George L. Shackles, Esq., were elected Members.The following presents were announced and laid upon thetable :1. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquaires de laMorinie. Liv. 193.2. Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed ogHistorie. Bindxiv. Heft 4.3. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. v.No. 4.4. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquariesof Ireland.Vol. x. Part I.5. Archseologia Aeliana. Vol. xxii. Part I.6. Petit Gros d'Arnould III, Seigneur de Randirath. By theVicomte B. de Jonghe. From the Author.Mr. W. Gowland exhibited a counterfeit in zinc of a Japanesesilver coin stamped in many places with the names of theprovinces of Sikishi and Twami. When in currency this coin

14 PROCEEDINGS OF THEwas cut in pieces for small change, each piece bearing a stamp ofthe province as a guarantee of its fineness.of these pieces were determined by weight.The current valuesMr. Gowland alsoexhibited a pair of Japanese scales for weighing coins, and atouchstone.Mr. W. C. Boyd showed a tin coin of Aracan, which camefrom Tenasserim.Mr. Gr. E. Pritchard exhibited some seventeenth and eighteenthcentury tokens of Bristol.Mr. F. A Walters exhibited a Calais groat of Henry VI,having the obverse of the pine-cone coinage and the reverse ofthe annulet coinage, two issues which were not consecutive.Lord Grantley read a paper on a unique and unpublishedpenny of Heahberht, who was joint ruler in Kent with Ecgberhtand signed charters with him in A.D. 764 and 765. The obversewas of the same type as the coins ofEcgberht, but the reversetype was practically copied from a coin of Offa, and it bore themoneyer's name, " Eoba," who also engraved dies for Offa'squeen, Cynethryth, and his successor Coenwulf. This paper isprinted in Vol. xx., p. 148.Sir Henry H. Howorth communicated a paperon Ecgberht,King of Wessex, and his coinage. After criticising the earlyhistory of Ecgberht as given inthe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, thewriter claimed for him, not a West-Saxon origin, but that hewas a Kentish prince belonging to the house of Kent ;that hewas the same Ecgberht who struck coins as King of Kent inthe eighth century that he was; probably the " "Count Egbertwho lived at Charlemagne's court and was appointed by himdux over a part of the Danish March ; and, lastly,that hiscoinage as King of Wessex did not begin till about the year825, when he firstconquered Kent. This paper is printed inVol. xx., p. 66.The President exhibited a series of pennies of Eadberht II,Praen, and Cuthred of Kent, and of Ecgberht as King ofWessex, in illustration of Sir H. Howorth's paper.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 15JUNE 21, 1900.ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.,F.S.A., F.G.S., President, in the Chair.The Minutes of the lastand confirmed.Annual General Meetingwere readThe Report of theCouncil was then read to the Society asfollows :GENTLEMEN, The Council again have the honour to laybefore you their Annual Report as to the state of the NumismaticSociety.With great regret they have to announce the death of thefollowing six Ordinary Members :Laurence Trent Cave, Esq.Sir Henry Dryden, Bart.Francis Latchmore, Esq.Samuel Powell, Esq.M. Raymond Serrure.The Rev. William Wright, D.D.And of one Honorary Member :M. J. P. Six.Also the resignation of the following two Ordinary Members:John W. Dorman, Esq., M.A.Francis W. Pixley, Esq., F.S.A.

16 PROCEEDINGS OF THEOn the other hand, the Council have much pleasure inrecording the election of the following thirteen OrdinaryMembers :Stephen W. Bushell, Esq., M.D., C.M.G.Charles J. P. Cave, Esq.Reuben Cull, Esq.Signor Giovanni Dattari.William Gowland, Esq., F.S.A.Lionel M. Hewlett, Esq.H. Neville S. Langton, Esq.Charles Bennet Lawes, Esq.Frederick W. Lincoln, Esq., Jun.The Rev. Robert Scott Mylne, M.A., B.C.L., F.S.A.George L. Shackles, Esq.Francis Bertram Welch, Esq.The Rev. Jeremiah Zimmerman, D.D.And of the following three Honorary Members :M. Edmond Drouin.Prof. Dr. Ettore Gabrici.Prof. Dr. Behrendt Pick.According to the Report of the Hon. Secretaries, the numbersof the Members are as follows :Ordinary. Honorary. TotalJune, 1899 271 21 292Since elected 13 3 16Deceased

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 17The Council have further toannounce that they have unanimouslyawarded the Medal of the Society to Prof. StanleyLane-Poole, of Trinity College, Dublin, in recognition of hisnumerous and valuable services to Oriental numismatics,especially in connexion with the Muhammadan coinages.The Hon. Treasurer's Report, which follows, was submitted tothe Meeting and adopted.

Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of theDr.THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF LONDON INTo Messrs. Virtue & Co., for printing ChroniclesPart II, 1899 . . . . 58 10s. d. s. d.Part IV, ,, . . ,

Numismatic Society, from June, 1899, to June, 1900.ACCOUNT WITH ALFRED EVELYN COPP, HON. TREASURER.Or.Bys. d.Balance from last Statement 228 10 9Entrance Fees . 13 13.Subscriptions247 16Amount received for Chronicles, viz.Mr. B. QuaritchMr. Thos. Bliss,, Foreign Postages,, August Dividend on 700 London and North-Western Railway 4 % Consolidated PreferenceStock (less 9s. 4d. tax) 13 10 8February ditto ditto ditto . . 13 10 8,,Return by Inland Revenue of Three Years' Deductionsfor Tax 7 . 2 1629 17 4581 19 4ALFRED E. COPP,HONORAEY TREASURER.list June, 1900.

20 PROCEEDINGS OF THEAfter the Report of the Council had been read and approved,the President presented the Society's medal to Mr. Rapson toforward to Professor Lane-Poole, who was unable to attendthe Meeting and addressed him as follows :Mr. Rapson,In handing this medal to youStanley Lane-Poole, I must request you tofor transmission to Professorconvey to him theexpression of our regret at his absence from among us to-day.That regret is, however, tempered by the reason for his absence,which is that he is detained in Dublin in order that he mayreceive at Trinity College the degree of Litterarum Doctor, anhonour that has been accorded to him on much the same groundsas those on which our medal has been awarded to him by theCouncil of this Society.The names of Lane and Poole have long been connectedwith numismatic and Oriental studies, but there isprobably noman living who has done more than the recipient of this medalto forward our knowledge of Oriental numismatics, andespecially of the Muhammadan coinage,which extends over sowide a field. His Catalogue of the Oriental Coins in theBritish Museum occupies no less than ten volumes, while thatof the Indian coins in the same collection occupiesthree. Inaddition to these volumes, he has published catalogues of ArabicGlass Weights, of the Guthrie Collection,of the Muhammadancoins in the Bodleian Library, and of the Arabic coins in theKhedivial Library at Cairo. His other works, which are of greatvalue, mainly relate to Oriental Numismatics, as do his numerouscontributions to the Journal of the lloyal Asiatic Society.His papers in the Numismatic Chronicle, extending overmany years, must be known to many of those present, and bythemselves alone are a monument of industry and ability whichwould deserve recognition on our part. Among these, theFasti Arabici, of which five instalments have appeared in ourpages, and of which more, I believe, is in preparation, and his

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 21various dynastic and chronological tables, are perhaps of thegreatest historical importance, and certainly are of the mostvaluable assistance to students.In .giving him this medal you will assure him of our gratitudefor past services to our science, and of our hopes that he maylong be spared to continue his researches.Mr. Rapson, having thanked the Council on behalf of ProfessorLane-Poole for havingconferred on him the medal of theSociety for 1900, remarked, '* Personally, I am sure, we allregret his inability to be present this evening ; but, as numismatists,I think we can scarcely help feeling some pride in thethoughtthat his absence is due to the honour which the Universityof Dublin has to-day conferred on him and, throughhim, on our science. Before I read the letter of thanks whichProfessor Lane-Poole addressed to me on learning that theSociety's medal had been awarded to him, I am sure, sir, thathe would wish me to say how greatly this distinction is enhancedby your very kind and appreciative review of hisnumismatic work."Mr. Rapson then read the following letterfrom Professor Lane-Poole." Trinity College, Dublin.21st May, 1900." Dear Rapson, Will you kindly expressto the Presidentand Council of the Numismatic Society my sense of the highhonour they have done me in awarding me the medal of theSociety ? I wish I could come over on the 21st June and thankthem in person, but, unfortunately, I have to be here at thatdate to receive the degree of Litterarum Doctor, which theUniversity of Dublin has conferred upon me not honoris causabut for those very numismatic works (among others) whichthe Society has honoured by the medal." I shall always feel grateful to the Society for having givenme my firstopportunities for publishing my early (and, I fear,crude) beginnings of numismatic research, now more than a

22 PROCEEDINGS OF THEquarter of a century ago. I have not given up my interest inOriental coins. Whatever is to be seen here in that branchalways comes under my eyes I am in constant correspondence;with collectors and students in various countries ;and the aimof my life is now to finish the corpus of Arabic coins, or FastiArdbici, at which I have been at work at every spare momentfor the past fifteen years."I mention this merely to show the Society that * age hasnot dimmed, nor custom staled,' my interest in my favouritebranch of research, and I hope that future work may prove thatthe medal maybe an incentive as well as a reward."I am, dear Rapson," Yours very truly," STANLEY LANE-POOLE." E. J. Rapson, Esq., M.A."The President then delivered his Annual Address, which wasas follows :It is again my pleasing dutyto offer to the NumismaticSociety an Anniversary Address, and in doing so I would beginby thanking for their presence and support the numerousmembers who honoured me with their company last June atmy Jubilee celebration in the apartments of the Society ofAntiquaries at Burlington House, which were kindly lent forthe occasion. My family and I much enjoyed the pleasure oftheir company, and I venture to hope that the pleasure wasreciprocal.I am glad to say that the condition of the Society at the endof another yearis stillprosperous, both as regards numbers andfinances. As you have heard from the Report of the Council,our numbers exceed by five those of the corresponding periodlast year, while the Treasurer's account shows that our balancein hand is rather in excess of what it was at the correspondingperiod of last year.Our medal has this year been awarded to Professor Stanley

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 23Lane-Poole, in recognition of the services thathe has renderedto Oriental numismatics, especially in connection with theMuhammadan coinage ;and the award will, I am sure, givemuch, satisfaction to all thosein the dominions of the Empressof India who are interested in its history and coinage.been belowOur losses by death have, I am pleased to say,rather than above the average.M. Jan Pieter Six, of Amsterdam, had been an HonoraryMember of our Society since 1865, and was one of the mostdistinguished numismatists of the present century.His knowledgeof coins, especially those belonging to the Greek series,was singularly wide and accurate, and not even the minutestdetails escaped his notice. A student of history, he was alwayson the alert for any assistance that coins could either give hisstudies or, on the other hand, receive from them. He waseven at times a little over-bold in his speculations ;but if theseled to discussion by others, there was no onemore ready thanM. Six to accept an amendment of his views, his sole objectbeing the discovery of truth. His communications to theNumismatic Chronicle were numerous and important. Thefirst of these, dated December, 1864, was in the form of aletter to Mr. Reginald Stuart Poole, and related to thecoins ofthe Ptolemies. The letter and the reply did much towards theelucidation of the sequence of this Egyptian series.His subsequent communications to the Chronicle have beensome fifteen in number, and many of them of great importance,and though in his early days he had devoted much attention toRoman coins, they relate almost exclusively to the Greekseries. It would be a needless, and perhaps tedious, task torecount the subjects of these papers ;but those on Lycceios,a dynast of the Paeonians on the coins of the satraps of Cariaand of Mazaios on Aphrodite-Nemesis on Phoenician legendsand the more recent papers on rare and inedited Greekcoins may be mentioned as illustrating the wide field that hisresearches embraced.

24 PROCEEDTNGS OF THEHis great works on the classification of the Cypriote seriesand on Lycian coins found a place in the Revue Numismatique,and he also contributed important papers to the Zeitschrift furNumismatik and to the Annuaire de Numismatique. In 1890he was awarded the medal of this Society, and rarely has thatmedal been bestowed on a more worthy recipient.M. Six was not- only a numismatist, but in his younger daysdevoted himself earnestly to philology. His collection ofeditions of Plautus and of books connected with that author hepresented to the Universityof Utrecht. He took a warminterest in the antiquities of the Low Countries, and was oneof the founders, if not indeed the originator, of the RoyalSociety of Antiquariesof Holland. He inherited a love forart, being one of the direct descendants of Jan Six, the Burgomasterof Amsterdam from 1691 to 1702, who was long thefriend and patron of Rembrandt, Lievens, and FKnck. Theportraits of Jan Six and of his mother, Ann Six, painted byRembrandt in 1656 and 1641, are among the gems of theworld-renownedSix Gallery, which, through the characteristicliberality of M. J. P. Six, was always accessible to the public,involving, as it did at times, no little personal inconvenienceto its proprietor. In him we lose a warm friend to theSociety, full of erudition and endowed with great powers ofinduction, whose death causes a gap which it will be impossibleto fill. He was born on November 6th, 1824, and died athis country residence of Hilversum, near Amsterdam, onJuly 17th, 1899.Since these few lines were written, a farmore complete andinteresting biography of the late M. J. P. Six has appeared inthe Journal International d? Archeologie Numismatique, from thepen of his son, M. J. Six. This memoir isaccompanied by anexcellent portrait.Sir Henry Edward Leigh Dryden, Bart., of Ambrosden,Oxon, and of Canon's Ashby, Northants, came of an oldNorthamptonshire family, which had been settled in that

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 25county since the days of Elizabeth, and was a direct descendantof John Dryden the poet. He was born on August7th, 1818, and was well known as a diligent antiquary, whotook a warm interest in all that related to the history of hiscounty, and who especiallyconcerned himself with churcharchitecture and musie and with the remains of the "late-Celtic " period. He was educated at Shrewsburyand atTrinity College, Cambridge, taking his M.A. degree in 1839.He succeeded to the title on the death of his father, theRev. Sir Henry Turner Dryden, in 1837.In 1852 he communicated to the Society of Antiquaries,through the late Mr. C. -Roach Smith, a report on an Anglo-Saxon -cemetery in the parish of Marston St. Lawrence, whichwas followed by a supplementary paper in 1882. He also madefrequent communications to the British Archa3ological Association,the Royal Archa3ological Institute, the NorthamptonArchitectural Society, and other bodies.For his work among the Scottish brochs and his accounts ofthe church of St. Magnus, Kirkwall, Orkney, he was made anhonorary member of theSociety of Antiquaries of Scotland in1865. Perhaps his most important paper, from the Englishpoint of view, was that on Hunsbury or Danes Camp, nearNorthampton, communicated to the local Society in 1885.The remains there discovered comprise a large number of importantrelics of the " late-Celtic period," which are now for themost part deposited in the Northampton Museum. Sir Henrybecame a Member of the Numismatic Society in 1861, but nevercommunicated any article to the Chronicle. He died on the24th July, 1899, not from old age, but from the results of aslight and almost unnoticed accident, which led to bloodpoisoning.The Rev. William Wright, D.D., was elected a Member of thisSociety in 1883, but did not contribute to our journal.He was,however, an active member of the Society of Biblical Archasologyand of the Palestine Exploration Fund. He was a man of wided

26 PROCEEDINGS OF THEsympathies, who took a warm interest both in archaeology andnumismatics, especially from the biblical point of view. He wasborn in Rathfriland, County Down, on July 15th, 1837, andwas educated at Queen's College, Belfast, and at Geneva.Originally intended for the Civil Service, he as a young manjoined the Presbyterian ministry, and for ten years was activelyassociated with the Jewish Mission at Damascus.It was therethat in the main he acquired his linguistic and archaeologicalknowledge, and his important work on the Empireof theHittites, which embodied the results of many of his researches,obtained for him in 1882 the degree of D.D. from the Universityof Glasgow. In the meantime, in 1876 he succeeded CanonGirdlestone as Editorial Superintendentof the British andForeign Bible Society, where his labours were unremitting.His aid to the translators of the Revised New Testament wasrecognized as of the highest value ;and besides other work, hewas a not infrequent contributor to the Pall Mall Gazette, theContemporary Review, and several religious periodicals.Amonghis other works may be mentioned a volume on the Brontes inIreland, and one upon Palmyra and Zenobia. He died of heartdisease on July 31st, 1899.Mr. Samuel Powell, of Ivy House, Welshpool, was one ofour country Members who from geographical reasons are butrarely able to be present at our meetings.He was, however, adiligent collector of coins, and took a warm interest in theSociety, into which he was elected in 1881. He belonged to anold Montgomeryshire family, and took for many years an activepart in public affairs,both as a Justice of the Peace for hiscounty and as concerned in the administration of the PoorLaw. He died at Ivy House on the 15th of February last, inthe 83rd year of his age.In Mr. Francis Latchmore, of Hitchin, we have lost anenergetic collector not only of coins, but of antiquities bothhistoric and pre-historic. Though actively engaged in a retailbusiness that requiredclose attention, he found time to devote

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 27himself to his favourite pursuits, and became a centre towardswhich any objects of antiquity discovered within a radius of manymiles naturally gravitated.He was elected a Member of thisSociety in 1881, and in 1889 communicated to us a shortaccount of a hoard of upwards of 2,300 Roman billon and smallbrass coins extending from the reign of Gordian III to that ofAurelian, found near Cambridge. Again, in 1897, he gave us anote on some Saxon coins found near Hitchin entangled in theroots of an elm-tree that had been blown down. These wereof Burgred and Aethelred I ;but he at the same time recordedthe discovery of some sceattas and of coins of Offa and Alfred.He fell a victim to a rapid consumption, and died on July 17th,1899, aged 59 years.Monsieur Raymond Serrure, of Paris, who died rathersuddenly on the 16th of September, 1899, had been a Memberof this Society since the yeardistinction as a numismatist, especially in1891. He attained considerableconnection with thehistory of the mediaeval mints of France, Belgium, and Holland,and is perhaps best known for his important work on thenumismatics of France, writtenEngel.in conjunction with M. ArthurBorn at Ghent on Christmas Day, 1862, he was the sonof M. Constant Antoine Serrure and grandson of M. ConstantPhilippe Serrure, professor of history in the University ofGhent, of which at one time he was rector.Both his father andgrandfather were well known as lovers of coins, and his grandfatherwas one of the founders of the Revue Beige de Numismatique.No wonder, then, that the taste for numismatics wasinherited ;began communicatingand at the age of seventeen young Raymond Serruremiscellanea to the Revue. In 1880 hepublished a geographical dictionary of the monetary history ofBelgium, and in 1881 he started the Bulletin Mensuel deNumismatique et d1Archeologie. This, which had been publishedat Brussels, was succeeded in 1891 by the Bulletin de Num.ismattque,published at Paris. In 1897 he became editor of theGazette Numismatique Franchise, to the Third Part of which for

28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE1899 I am indebted for these particulars. The same periodicalcontains a list of no less than a hundred and fifty-sixarticlesand separate works of which he was the author, or occasionallythe joint author. His death, at an age below 37, has cut shorta most promising career. Those who were brought in contactwithhim in business relations can bear testimony to the uprightnessof his character and to his quickness of perception. PersonallyI much regret his loss, and not the less so because I had in oldtimes the pleasure of being acquainted with both his father andgrandfather before him.It is with deep regret that I have to record the decease ofProfessor Adolf Holm, who, though not an Honorary Memberof our Society, deserved well of numismatic science. He wasone of those few historians who accept the testimony of coinsat its proper value in relation to history. His GriechischeGeschichte has been translated into the English language, andoccupies a deservedly high position, while his History of Sicilyand its coins down to the time of Augustus formed the subjectof an appreciative review by my son, Mr. Arthur Evans, in theChronicle two years ago, and was cited by me as one of themost valuable numismatic works of the year in my AnniversaryAddress for 1898.He died after a long illness at Freiburg im Breisgau, onJune 9th of the present year, in the seventieth year of his age.Turning now to the subjects that have been brought underour consideration during the past year, I find that, apart fromnumerous and important exhibitions of rare and interestingcoins and medals, the memoirs that have been read at ourmeetings extend, as usual, over a very wide field.Those relating to the Greek coinages occupy the first place,at all events chronologically, if not indeed otherwise.Sir Hermann Weber, in a paper on Finds of Archaic GreekCoins in Lower Egypt, has described between thirty and fortycoins from a hoard discovered at Sakha, of which a somewhatlarger number of coins seem to have been dispersed. They

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 29consist in the main of early issues from the mints of Dicaea inThrace, Lete, Neapolis of Macedon, Aegina, Corinth, Naxus,Paros, Mytilene in Lesbos, Chios, Cyrene, and some uncertainlocalities. Particulars of another portion of the hoard, of whichSir Hermann givesonly a summary account, will be publishedin the Zeitschri/t fur Numismatik. There is a curious generalsimilarity between the Sakha hoard and that from LowerEgypt described by Canon Greenwell in the Chronicle tenyears ago, and it seems very remarkable that so many archaicGreek silver coins should be found so far away from theiroriginal homes. The reason, however, assigned for this circumstance,suggested by Mr. Dutilh, of Alexandria, andadopted by the author, seems to be the true one. Theywere imported into Egypt merely as bullion ; moreover, thebulk of them belong to a period two hundredexistence of any indigenous coinage in Egypt.years before theMr. Warwick Wroth has continued his laudable custom ofannually bringingbefore us a notice of the Greek coinsacquired by the British Museum during the preceding year. In1899 these have been considerably fewer in number than inany of the previous four or five years, but among the acquisitionsare several noteworthy coins. First on his list is a veryrare but uncertain silver coin of Etruria, possiblyof Pisae.It bears as type a singularly-formed sepia, composed of acentral amphora, with helmets on either side and numeroustentacles. The reverse is plain, and the only letters uponthe obverse are XX, indicative of value. It was bought manyyears ago at Portsmouth, by the late Mr. Vaux, for the sumof twopence, it having been at the time regarded as a coppercoin. Among the gold coins acquired is a stater of Antigonus,with the types of Alexander the Great, but the Nike on thereverse holds an acrostolium instead of a palm, possibly incommemoration of the naval victory off Salamis in B.C. 306.A silver didrachm of Aptera in Crete, with the head of Artemis,and a tetradrachrn of Lampsacus, with the head of a bearded

30 PROCEEDINGS OF THEPriapus, are worthy of notice; as are also the rare tetradrachmsof Demetrius II, of Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII of Syria,and that of Ptolemy I of Egypt, with the types usually foundon the coins bearing the name of Alexander. There are, ofcourse, many other important coins on the list, and the earlynotices that we have received of them have added much to theutility of the National Collection.Mr. George Macdonald, theauthor of the revised catalogueof the Hunter Collection at Glasgow, has contributed a valuablepaper on the amphora letters on coins of Athens. In it heshows that the N which occurs on some of the amphorae isnot due to an engraver's error, but is intentionally placedthere. The number of the letters on the amphorae being inexcess of twelve, they cannot refer to the prytanies or tribes,but in all probability are indicative of months, which did not inall cases correspond with the duration of the prytanies. Butthe difficulties which have met Beule and others in connectingthe magistrates' names with the dates seem to have arisenfrom the fact that in the second century B.C. a double systemof time-reckoning was in vogue at Athens, one secular andthe other religious or Kara. 6i6v. It is impossible here todiscuss the points adduced, but the amount of accurate workbestowed upon the paper, and the number of coins in differentcabinets that have been consulted, justify full confidence beingplaced in Mr. Macdonald's conclusions and in his rectificationof the somewhat numerous errors into which M. Beule hasfallen.Mr. Seltman's paper on " Nummi serrati and astral cointypes " is also one that it is difficult to discuss in a few words.The existence of astronomical and possibly solar types upon coinscan hardly be doubted, but the extension of astral radiation tothe serrated edge of the coin itself is more susceptible ofquestion, and the author seems inclined to regard the serrationboth of silver and copper coins as a preservative against theflans cracking under the blow of the dies.Even if this were the

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 31cause of the peculiarity, therestill remains something to be saidin favour of the old view that in the Roman denarii the cutedge was intended to show that the coin was of solid silver andnot plated. The old Germans had probably some ground forpreferring the " bigatos serratosque " to ordinary coins.Mr. Hill, in a paper on " Olba, Cennatis, Lalassis," has pointedout the intimate connection of the numismatic history of thesethree localities, the high-priest and dynast of the sanctuaryof Zeus Olbius being also toparchof the districts of Cennatisand Lalassis, as appears on some of the coins of King Polemo.The name of Ajax the son of Teucer does not carry us back tothe time of the Trojan war, but only to the days of Augustus ;and Strabo states that most of the high-priests of Olba borethe names of Ajax and Teucer. The Polemos were, it seems,direct descendants of Mark Antony. The paperis of geographicalas well as of numismatic interest, and will have to beconsulted by all those who study the topography and historyof Cilicia. Mr. Hill has also given us a notice of a hoard ofCyrenaic bronze coins conglomerated into a mass weighingupwards of 18 Ibs., and has continued his valuable and interestingbibliographical notes on Greek numismatics.We have had four papers relating to Roman numismatics.Mr. H. A. Grueber, one of our Honorary Secretaries, has furnishedus with a detailed and interesting account of a hoard ofRoman gold and silver coins and gold rings, lately found at Sully,near Cardiff. The silver coins with one exception range betweenthe days of Marcus AureliusandPostumus,andare 316 in number.The gold coins, seven in number, belong,however,to a later period,being all of Diocletian or Maximian Herculius, one of them beinga double aureus of a type hitherto unpublished. The authoraccounts for the gap of some twenty yearsbetween the twoseries of silver and gold coins by assigning to the depositor ofthe hoard the not unnatural desire to lay by coins of fairly goodsilver instead of the washed copper coinage which had replacedthe Denarii of earlier times. The presence of the exceptional

32 PROCEEDINGS OF THEcoin that has been mentioned tends to support this view, itbeing of good silver and struck under Carausius. This coin isin fine condition and of the interesting EXPECTATE YENItype. Mr. Grueber suggests that the figure welcoming theemperor is not, as commonly described, that of Britain, butrather of Fides Militum. The object she holds is a vexillum,and not a trident, and the two figuresclosely accord with thoseon one of the silver coins of Carausius with the legend,FIDE. MI.AV. in my own collection.The interpretation of the exergual letters R S R has long beena puzzle to numismatists.They occur on the great majority ofthe silver coins of Carausius, but also on a certain number of hiscopper coins.These, however, are in the main of the same typesas those in silver, so that it is possible that they were originallyplated. The letters have usually been regarded as in somemanner denoting the place of mintage, which was in all probabilityRutupiae. or Richborough, and Mr. Grueber suggestsRutupiae Stativa, or Static Romana, as their extended form.I am tempted to hazard another interpretation. Mr. Grueberhas pointed out that the issue of these coins of comparativelyfine silver was an absolute anomaly, as in no other partof theRoman Empire were coins of the same standard of metal ordenomination that of the old Roman denarius at that timestruck. It is probable, therefore, that the coins of this new issuehad some distinctive name or designation.Now, perhaps the mostcommon of all the types of these denarii is the wolf and twins,with the legendin various more or less contracted or invertedforms, ROMANORVM RENOVATIO. Can this be held to referto the renewal of the old Roman coinage ;denarius by anyand if so, was the newchance known as the Romanus ? In thetwelfth century we find certain gold coins known as Romanati,and if eight centuries earlier a similar habit of thought prevailed,the letters R.S.R. may signify (nummus) RomanusSignatus Rutupiis. This conjecture must be taken for whatit is worth, but all who study Mr. Grueber's paper will feel

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 33that he has added much value to an interestinghoard of coinsby the manner in which he has treated it.When speaking of possible and actual names of Roman coins,I may mention a derivation of the word traffic, propounded inthe Athenawri by Prof. Eirikr Magnusson. He shows thatthe current name for the Roman quinarius, or rather victoriatus,among the Greeks was T^OTTOU/COV, so called on accountthe Jews the nameof the trophy on the reverse. Amongassumed the form of traffic, plural traffikim, and other slightlyvarying forms, and the coin traffic is frequentlymentioned inthe Talmud. To connect the coin with commerce, it is suggestedthat the early Italian trafficare meant to transact moneybusiness with the Jews, and that the more extended modernsense of trafficking was developed by a perfectly natural processof evolution. Without at once accepting this etymology,I must confess that itappears at least as possible as that whichderives traffic from the unknown word trans-vicare.But to return to our own proceedings. Mr. Haverfield hasfavoured us with an account of a hoard of base denarii, foundat Carhayes, in Cornwall, about thirty years ago. They areabout 2,100 in number, extending over about thirty years, fromthe time of Valerian to that of Probus, the reigns most fullyrepresented being those of Gallienus and the usurpers in Gaul,Victorinus and his successors. In character this hoard closelyresembles many others that have been found in Gaul andin Britain, and seems to be significant of troublous timeswhenit was consigned to the earth.A paper by M. Jules Maurice, on the chronological classificationof the issues from the mint of Antioch during theConstantino period, embraces the history of no less than elevenseparate coinages at that 'mint. It is of great value, as affordinga guide to the arrangement of the numerous coins struck atAntioch under the emperors and Caesars and their wives from1April 7, 1900.

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THEthe time of Constantius I in A.D. 306 to the death of Crispusand Fausta in A.D. 326, while it also throws light on theemissions of other mints during that period.In a posthumous paper the late Mr. C. J. Rodgers has givenus a notice of a hoard of Roman denarii of the Republic andthe early emperors down to Hadrian, found in the Panjab.Before proceeding to the consideration of the other branchesof numismatics, I may be allowed to saya few words withregard to a subject of rather wide interest.At our last anniversary meeting I mentioned the twoexhaustive memoirs that had been on different occasions broughtbefore us by Mr. Talfourd Ely and Mr. Seltman, with regard tothe fresco in the Casa dei Vettii at Pompeii,which wasthought to represent the process of coining. I was not at thattime aware of a communication made to the French NumismaticSociety, in February, 1899, by M. Adrien Blanchet, inwhich he refers to a short note of his in the Revue Numismatigue,2 and re-states his opinionthat it is not a mint but asilversmith's workshop that is depicted. He cites a curiousbrass tessera in the Museum at Vienna, on which a Romanmoneyer is represented at work ;and again, in December last,brings forward a bas-relief in the Naples Museum showingsilversmiths at work. In the meantime, in September last, acorrespondence is published in the Journal International d'ArcheologieNumismatique? between Messrs. Svoronos and Seltman,the former advocating the view of a Greek mint and thelatter that of a Roman. There is, moreover, Signer A. Sogliano'sarticle on la Casa dei Yettii in the Monumenti Anticldf in whichhe regards the subject of the picture as undoubtedly a scene ina silversmith's shop, the seated figure or Psyche being thebuyer, and the Cupid in front of her with the pairof scalesbeing the seller. But why do I dwell on this subject, whichduring the past year has not been immediately brought under21896, p. 360. 31899, p. 251. * Vol. VIII., 1898.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 35the notice of the Society ? It is because, during the time thatI have been a truant from my duties as your President, I havehad an opportunity of again visiting Pompeii and forming apersonal acquaintancefully hoping to recognizewith the Casa dei Vettii. I went thereas correct the view that a Romanmint was before me, and I came away compelled to put upwith the more ordinary representation of a silversmith's shopin its stead. The picture is one of a series representing varioustrades and occupations, and doubts naturally arose whether apurely governmentalproperly have a place amongestablishment such as a mint couldthem. In the scene of theapothecary's shop we have the same Amorino with the sledgehammer,the same seated Psyche? The fuller's shop, the wineshop, the vintage, and other scenes are all those of ordinarylife, and the silversmith's shop would far more naturally find aplace among them than a mint, the nearest example of whichwas probably at Rome, more than 160 miles away. But howabout Juno Moneta, with the eyes from the peacock's tail onher wings ? Here again I was disillusionized. The eyes areby no means distinct in the picture under discussion, but areremarkably clear in the picture of three" Psyches " gatheringflowers, in which arises no question of a Juno being present.regret that I have thus to take the part of a Balaam, but I havepleasure in presenting some photographs of scenes in the Casadei Vettii to the Society.Returning to our papers, we have but little to record withregard to the coinage of the ancient Britons. A short note ofmine, relating to a small bronze coinof Verulam found on thesea-shore at Ostend, has, however, been printed.We have had some interesting communications on the Anglo-Saxon and English series.Lord Grantley has called our attention to an unpublished coinof Heahberht, King of Kent, struck by the ruoneyer EOBA.This king signed and confirmed charters of Ecgberht, King ofKent, between A.D. 765 and 791 ;but the coin probably belongsI

36 PROCEEDINGS OF THEto the close of his reign, as the moneyer coined not only forOffa and Cynethryth, but for Coenwulf.In one of the chartersthe style of King of half of Kent is used, and this joint kingshipmay prove to be an important factor in Kentish numismatics.The resemblance of the obverse of Lord Grantley's coin to thatof the penny of Ecgberht of Kent has to be noticed in takingthe papernext to be mentioned into consideration. In thispaper Sir Henry H. Howorth discusses Ecgberht, King of theWest Saxons and the Kent Men, and his coins, and raisesgome interesting historical and numismatic questions.Heconsiders that Ecgberht was not a West Saxon at all, buta Kentish prince ;that he was the same Ecgberht who struckcoins as King of Kent at the end of the eighth century that he;was probably the Count Egbert who was one of Charlemagne'spaladins; that about A.D. 825 he again struck coins in Kentalone ;and that the coinage of Wessex proper did not commenceuntil after his death.monogram & in the centre have beenThe peculiar coins of Ecgberht with theregarded as struck by aKing of Kent unknown to history, though his moneyers provehim to have been a contemporary of Offa, King of Mercia. Oneofthem also, Babba, was a moneyer of Eadberht Praen, A.D.796 to 798. Sir Henry Howorth comments on the inaccuraciesand discrepancy of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but thatdocument records the fact the Ecgberht was driven outof thiscountry into France before he became king, possibly for thesecond time. That an Egbert, between A.D. 796 and 815, andespecially in 809 and oil, was one of Charlemagne's countsappears to be matter of history, and in 815 an Ecgberht reappearsin England as conquering the West Welsh and the menof Cornwall. This, however, was as King of Wessex. WhatSir Henry contends for, is that none of Ecgberht's coins werestruck for that kingdom until after his conquest of Kent ;and this view issupported by the fact that, as has been pointedout by Messrs. Grueber and Keary, most of his coins werestruck by well-known Kentish moneyers. It would be a hope-

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 37less task to attempt to resume the whole argumentin a fewsentences, but there can be no doubt that the views broughtforward are worthy of the most thoughtful consideration. Itwould, I think, clear the wayfor this consideration if it were atonce recognized that there may have been two Kings of Kent ofthe name of Ecgberht, as there were of the name of Eadberht.The Ecgberht of Kent who signed charters in A.D. 765 canhardly be the same person as the Ecgberht of Wessex who,after an interval of more than seventy years, signscharters inA.D. 888, and whose death isby some authorities placed inA.D. 839.The most extensive and detailed communication that we havereceived for many years on any section of the English series isthat by Mr. W. J. Andrew on the coinage of HenryI. Soimportant has this paper appeared to the Council to be, that ithas been determined to devote the volume of the NumismaticChronicle for 1901 almost entirely to its publication ;and itwill, in fact, inaugurate the beginning of the fourth series of thatperiodical.It has been found convenient that the publicationsfor the years 1900 and 1901 should in each case be spreadover the two years, so that Members will duringthe currentyear receive part of the Chronicle for 1901, while the completionof the Chronicle for 1900 will not be in their handsbefore the middle of 1901. It would have been a misfortuneif one portion of this valuable monographshould haveappeared in the last volume of one series and the concludingportionin the first volume of another. I shall not at thepresent time attempt to detain you with any analysiscontents.of itsMr. L. A. Lawrence has called our attention to the coinageof Henry IV, of whose groats he has discovered several newtypes. One of the results of his examination of the coins isthat he would transfer some of the coins usually assigned toHenry V from him to his father. He would also place thereduction in the weight of the coinage of Henry IV to an earlier

38 PROCEEDINGS OF THEdate than his thirteenth year. I must confess that, not havinghad the advantage of hearing the paper, I do not know themanner in which the author reconciles his views with the dateof the Act of Parliament authorizing the change in weight.isby no means improbable that the puncheons used for producingthe head of Richard II on his dies remained in use forthose of his successor long after his death. Mr. Lawrence hasalso supplied us with a note on a new variety ofItthe half-groatof Charles I, and Mr. Hoblyn with one on a pattern farthing orjetton of Mary II.In Oriental numismatics we have done but little, though aposthumous paperof the late Mr. Charles J. Rodgers on a newcoin of Aspavarma of Bactria, in continuation of a paper of hisin the Chronicle for 1896, has appeared in our pages.Mr. J. M. C. Johnston has also suppliedus with a list ofsome Mohammedan coins in his collection, which do not appearin the catalogues either of the British Museum or of the Cabinetdes Medailles at Paris.Taken altogether, the subjects discussed at our meetings andthe articles that have appeared in the Numismatic Chronicleafford satisfactory evidence that our Society is not in anydegree declining in its activity.Among the publications of the past year must be mentioneda handbook of Greek and Roman coins from the pen of ourForeign Secretary, Mr. G. F. Hill. It is to some extent constructedon a new plan, and is intended "chiefly as a guide toput students of antiquity in the way of bringing numismaticsto bear on their difficulties," and not as a means for thecollector " to identity coins which he happens to possess."This statement of the author must not, however,be interpretedtoo literally, as the mere collector, as well as the professedstudent, will find a mine of useful and interesting informationwithin its pages. In the first part of the book the origin, themetals, the standards, and the officials of both the Greek andRoman coinages are discussed, as well as the relations of the

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 39coinage to the State. In the second part, fabric and style, themeaning and classification of coin-types, coin -inscriptions,and the dating of coins, form the subjects of separate chapters.Among the appendices, those of ancient standards, Romanmint-marks, and the Imperial families will prove of great serviceboth to students and collectors. Moreover, the book is illustratedby fifteen autotype plates, and is provided with a goodindex. Among the illustrations in the text, the picture fromthe House of the Vettii is reproduced, and is treated as representinga Roman mint, and the view that it is rather a gold orsilversmith's workshopis dismissed with the statement that"jewels are not made with sledge-hammers." There is, however,no reason why gold or silver plate should not have beendrawn out by hammer and anvil. The book, as a whole, is excellent,and in reading it the only doubt that occurs to the mindis whether it is not too scholarly and thorough to meet withpopular applause.Another volume that undoubtedly promises to be deservedlypopular is the Handbook of the Coins of Great Britain andIreland in the BritishMr. Grueber.Museum, written by our able Secretary,It does not pretend to be an exhaustive treatiseupon the whole of the coins of England, Scotland, and Ireland,but is limited to descriptions of the specimensexhibited in thecorridor of the Medal Room, which, however, are upwards of1 ,300 in number. The most important pieces are illustrated in 64collotype plates, and an introduction of 60 pages gives a succinctaccount of the successive coinages of our monarchs from Anglo-Saxon times onwards, the various denominations of theircoins, the places where they were minted, their standards andtypes. Altogether it is a book which will proveservice to collectors.of the utmostIt must not, however, be supposed that,extensive as the series exhibited is, itby any means includes allthe rarities preservedin our National Collection. A certainnumber, for instance, of what are usually regarded as patternpiecesare included in the show-cases, while others equally

40 PROCEEDINGS OF THEimportant have, like the horseman -shilling of Edward VI,been excluded for want of space. This exclusion may perhapsaccount for the third issue of Edward VI, that bearingthe ostrich-head mint-mark, being limitedto gold coins by theauthor. A complete list of mint-marks from Edward IV toCharles II isappended, as also a list of the mottoes, etc., onthe coins described, together with translations of them. Withregard to a probable Irish coinage of Edward VI,I see thatMr. Grueber is unwilling to accept my views. This, however,is not a proper occasion for discussing the question, and I canonly say that, on re-readingwhat I published in the Chroniclein 1886, I see no reason for altering the opinion I thenexpressed.I am, however, afraid that I have detained the meeting toolong with this chronicle of our losses and commentary on ourachievements, and will conclude with an expression of asincere hope that in future years our losses may be less, whileour achievements may do even more for the advancement ofnumismatic knowledge.A vote of thanks to the President forhis Address was movedby Mr. James Cove Jones, the senior member of the Society,and seconded by Mr. Talfourd Ely.The President then announced to the meetingthe result ofthe ballot for the Council and the Officersfor the ensuing year,which was as follows :SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D.,F.K.S., F.S.A., F.G.S.Vice- Presidents.SIR HENRY H. HOWORTH, K.C.I.E., M.P., F.B.S.,F.S.A.SIR HERMANN WEBER, M.D.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.41Hon. Treasurer.ALFRED E. COPP, ESQ.Hon. Secretaries.HERBERT A. GRUEBER, ESQ., F.S.A.EDWARD J. RAPSON, ESQ., M.A., M.R.A.S.Foreign Secretary.GEORGE FRANCIS HILL, ESQ., M.A.Hon. Librarian.OLIVER CODRINGTON, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A.Members of the Council.THOMAS BLISS, ESQ.W. C. BOYD, ESQ.ARTHUR J. EVANS, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A.LORD GRANTLEY, F.S.A.BARCLAY VINCENT HEAD, ESQ., D.C.L., PH.D.WILLIAM J. HOCKING, ESQ.L. A. LAWRENCE, ESQ.A. H. LYELL, ESQ., F.S.A.AUGUSTUS PREVOST, ESQ., B.A., F.S.A.SAMUEL SMITH, ESQ., JUN.

LISTOF MEMBERSOP THENUMISMATICSOCIETYOF LONDON.DECEMBEE, 1900.

LIST OF MEMBEESOF THENUMISMATICOF LONDON,DECEMBEK, 1900.SOCIETYAn Asterisk prefixed to a name indicates that the Member has compoundedfor his annual contribution.ELECTED1873 *ALEX^IEFF, M. GEORGES D', Maitre de la Cour de S.M.1'Empereur de Eussie, 40, Sergnewskaja, St. Petersburg.1892 AMEDROZ, HENRY F., ESQ., 7, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.O.1882 ANDREW, W. J., ESQ., Cadster House, near Whaley Bridge,Derbyshire.1884 ANDREWS, E. THORNTON, ESQ., 25, Castle Street, Hertford.1888 ARNOLD, G. M., ESQ., D.L., F.S.A., Milton HaU, Gravesend,Kent.1900 AVEBURY, ET. HON. LORD, P.O., F.E.S., High Elms, Down,Kent.1882 BACKHOUSE, J. E., ESQ., The Eookery, Middleton Tyas,E.S.O., Yorks.1881 BAGNALL-OAKELEY, MRS., Tre Cefn, Monmouth.1892 BAKER, F. BRAYNE, ESQ., The College, Malvern.1898 BAKER, WM. CLINTON, ESQ., J.P., Bayfordbury, Herts.1898 BANES, ARTHUR ALEXANDER, ESQ., The Eed House, Upton,Essex.1887 BASCOM, G. J., ESQ., 109, Lexington Avenue, New York,U.S.A.1896 BEARMAN, THOS., ESQ., Melbourne House, 8, Tudor Eoad,Hackney.1898 *BENSON, FRANK SHERMAN, ESQ., 214, Columbia Heights,Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A.

4 LIST OF MEMBERS,ELECTED1880 *BIEBER, Or. W. EGMONT, ESQ., 4, Fenchurch Avenue, E.G.1883 BIGGE, FRANCIS E., ESQ., Hennapyn, Torquay.1882 BIRD, W. S., ESQ., 74, New Oxford Street, W.O.1885 BLACKETT, JOHN STEPHENS, ESQ., O.E., Inverard, Aberfoyle,N.B.1882 BLACKMORE, H. P., ESQ., M.D., Blackmore Museum, Salisbury.1896 BLEASBY, GEO. BERNARD, ESQ., The Prairie, Lahore, India.1882 *BLISS, THOMAS, ESQ., Coningsburgh, Montpelier Eoad,Ealing, W.1879 BLUNDELL, J. H., ESQ., 157, Cheapside, E.G.1896 BOULTON, S. B., ESQ., J.P., D.L., F.E.S., Copped Hall,Totteridge, Herts.1897 BOWCHER, FRANK, ESQ., 35, Fairfax Eoad, Bedford Park, W.1899 BOWLES, HAROLD BOLLES, ESQ., Oakside, 35, Oakfield Eoad,Clifton, Bristol.1892 BOYD, WILLIAM 0., ESQ., 7, Friday Street, E.C.1899 BOYLE, COLONEL GERALD, 48, Queen's Gate Terrace, S.W.1877 BROWN, G. D., ESQ., 77, Mexfield Eoad, East Putney, S.W.1885 BROWN, JOSEPH, ESQ., C.B., Q.C., 54, Avenue Eoad, Eegent'sPark, N.W.1896 BRTJUN, M. L. E., 101, Gothersgade, Copenhagen.1878 BUCHAN, J. S., ESQ., 17, Barrack Street, Dundee.1889 BUCKLEY, LADY, Plas, Dinas Mawddwy, Merioneth, Wales.1884 BUICK, DAVID, ESQ., LL.D., Sandy Bay, Lame Harbour,Ireland.1881 BULL, EEV. HERBERT A., Wellington House, Westgate-on-Sea.1897 BURN, EICHARD, ESQ., Allahabad, India.1881 BURST AL, EDWARD K, ESQ., M.Inst.O.E., 38, ParliamentStreet, Westminster.1858 BUSH, COLONEL J. TOBIN, 41, Rue de 1'Orangerie, le Havre,France.1900 BUSHELL, STEPHEN W., ESQ., M.D., C.M.G., Shirley, HaroldEoad, Upper Norwood, S.E.1878 *BUTTERY, W., ESQ. (address not known).1886 CALDECOTT, J. B., ESQ., Wallfields, Hertford. ;

LIST OF MEMBERS.ELECTED1873 CARFRAE, EGBERT, ESQ., F.S.A.Scot., 77, George Street,Edinburgh.1894 CARLYON-BRITTON, CAPT. P. W. P., D.L., J.P., F.S.A., 14,Melbury Mansions, Kensington, W.1898 CARNEGIE, MAJOR D. LINDSAY, 6, Playfair Terrace, St.Andrews, N.B.1899 CAVE, CHARLES J. P., ESQ., Binsted, Cambridge.1886 CHURCHILL, Wm. S., ESQ., 102, Birch Lane, Manchester.1884 *CLARK, JOSEPH, ESQ., 5, Grosvenor Gardens, Muswell Hill,N.W.1890 CLARKE, CAPT. J. E. PLOMER, Welton Place, near Daventry,Northamptonshire.1891 *CLATJSON, ALBERT CHARLES, ESQ., 12, Park Place Villas,Maida Hill West, W.1890 CLERK, MAJOR-GEN. M. G., Bengal Army, c/o Messrs. H. S.King & Co., 45, Pall Mall, S.W.1886 CODRINGTON, OLIVER, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., M.E.A.S., 12,Victoria Eoad, Clapham Common, Librarian.1895 COOPER, JOHN, ESQ., Beckfoot, Longsight, Manchester.1877 *Copp, ALFRED E., ESQ., Dampiet Lodge, 103, Worple Eoad,West Wimbledon, and 36, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.,Hon. Treasurer.1874 CREEKE, MAJOR ANTHONY BUCK, Westwood, Burnley.1886 *CROMPTON-EOBERTS, CHAS. M., ESQ., 16, Belgrave Square,S.W.1900 CRONIN, ALFRED C., ESQ., 25, Kensington Palace Mansions,Be Vere Gardens, W.1882 CROWTHER, EEV. G. F., M.A., Studland, Court Eoad, Sutton,Surrey.1899 CULL, EEUBEN, ESQ., Tarradale, Glebe Avenue, Enfield,Middlesex.1875 CUMING, H. SYER, ESQ., F.S.A.Scot., 63, Kennington Park Road,S.E.1884 DAMES, M. LONGWORTH, ESQ., M.E.A.S., Alegria, Enfield,Middlesex.1900 DATTARI, SIGNOR GIOVANNI, Cairo, Egypt.1891 DAUGLISH, A. W., ESQ., 33, Colville Square, W.1878 DAVIDSON, J. L. STRACHAN, ESQ., M.A., Balliol College,Oxford.

6 LIST OF MEMBERS.ELECTED1884 DAVIS, WALTER, ESQ., 23, Suffolk Street, Birmingham.1898 DAVIS, WILLIAM JOHN, ESQ., The Lindens, Trafalgar Road,Moseley, Birmingham.1888 DAWSON, G. J. CROSBIE, ESQ., M.Inst.C.E., F.G.S., F.S.S.,May Place, Newcastle, Staffordshire.1897 DAY, EGBERT, ESQ., F.S.A., M.E.I.A., Myrtle Hill House,Cork.1890 DEICHMANN, HERR CARL THEODOR, 9, Trankgasse, Cologne,Germany.1886 *DEWICK, REV. E. S., M.A., F.S.A., 26, Oxford Square, HydePark, W.1888 DICKINSON, REV. F. BINLEY, M.A., Manor House, Ottery St.Mary.1889 DIMSDALE, JOHN, ESQ., 19, Phillimore Gardens, Kensington,W.1868 DOUGLAS, CAPTAIN R. J. H., Junior United Service Club,Charles Street, St. James's, S.W.1893 DUDMAN, JOHN, ESQ., JUN., RosslynHill, Hampstead, N.W.1893 ELLIOTT, E. A., ESQ., 41, Holland Park, W.1893 ELLIS, LIEUT. -CoL. H. LESLIE, Yeomanry House, Buckingham.1895 ELY, TALFOURD, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 13, Well Road, Hampstead,N.W.1888 ENGEL, M. ARTHUR, 66, Rue de 1'Assomption, Paris.1879 ERHARDT, H., ESQ., 9, Bond Court, Walbrook, E.G.1872 EVANS, ARTHUR J., ESQ., M.A., V.P.S.A., Ashmolean Museum,Oxford.1849 EVANS, SIR JOHN, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.,Corr. de 1'Inst., Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead, President.1892 *EVANS, LADY, Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead.1861 EVANS, SEBASTIAN, ESQ., LL.D., 15, Waterloo Crescent, Dover.1886 FAY, DUDLEY B., ESQ., 287, Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.,U.S.A.1898 FORRER, L., ESQ., Edelweiss, Chislehurst, Kent.1894 *FOSTER, JOHN ARMSTRONG, ESQ., F.Z.S., Chestwood, nearBarnstaple.1891 Fox, H. B. EARLE, ESQ., 42, Rue Jouffroy, Paris.1868 FRENTZEL, RUDOLPH, ESQ., 96, Upper Osbaldeston Road, StokeNewington, N.

LIST OF MEMBERS.ELECTED1882 *FRESHFIELD, EDWIN, ESQ., LL.D., F.S.A., New BankBuildings, 31, Old Jewry, E.G.1896 *FRY, CLATJDE BASIL, ESQ., 32, Lansdowne Road, NettingHill, W.1897 GANS, LEOPOLD, ESQ., 207, Madison Street, Chicago, U.S.A.1871 GARDNER, PROF. PERCY, Litt.D., F.S.A., 12, Canterbury Eoad,Oxford.1889 GARSIDE, HENRY, ESQ., Burnley Eoad, Accrington.1894 GOODACRE, H., ESQ., 78, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, W.1885 GOSSET, MAJOR-GEN. MATTHEW W. E., C.B., Island BridgeHouse, Phoenix Park, Dublin.1899 GOWLAND, WILLIAM, ESQ., M.C.S., F.S.A., 13, Bussell Eoad,Kensington, W.1891 *GRANTLEY, LORD, F.S.A., 2, Buckingham Palace Gardens,S.W.1865 GREENWELL, REV. CANON W., M.A., F.E.S., F.S.A., Durham.1894 GRISSELL, HARTWELL D., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 60, HighStreet, Oxford.1871 GRUBBER, HERBERT A., ESQ., F.S.A., Assistant-Keeper ofCoins, British Museum, Hon. Secretary.1899 HALL, HENRY PLATT, ESQ., Toravon, Werneth, Oldham.1898 HANDS, EEV. ALFRED W., 21, Lansdowne Crescent, Cheltenham.1864 HEAD, BARCLAY VINCENT, ESQ., D.C.L., Ph.D., Keeper ofCoins, British Museum, Vice-President.1886 *HENDERSON, JAMES STEWART, ESQ., F.E.G.S., M.E.S.L.,M.C.P., 7, Hampstead Hill Gardens, N.W.1892 HEWITT, EICHARD, ESQ., 28, Westbourne Gardens, W.1900 HEWLETT, LIONEL M., ESQ., Parkside, Harrow- on- the-Hill,Middlesex.1880 HEYWOOD, NATHAN, ESQ., 3, Mount Street, Manchester.1893 HILBERS, THE YEN. G. C., St. Thomas's Eectory, Haverfordwest.1898 HILL, CHARLES WILSON, ESQ., Bendower, Kenilworth.1893 HILL, GEORGE FRANCIS, ESQ., M.A., British Museum,Foreign Secretary.1873 HOBLYN, EICHARD A., ESQ., F.S.A., 30, Abbey Eoad, St.John's Wood, N.W.

8 LIST OF MEMBERS.ELECTED1898 HOCKING, WILLIAM JOHN, ESQ., 1, Eoyal Mint, E.1895 HODGE, EDWARD G., ESQ., F.S.A., 13, Wellington Street,Strand, W.C.1895 HODGE, THOMAS, ESQ., 13, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.1889 HODGES, GEORGE, ESQ., Thornbury, Gloucestershire.1877 HODGKIN,!., ESQ., D.C.L., F.S.A., Benwelldene, Newcastle.1878 HOWORTH, SIR HENRY H., K.C.I.E., F.E.S., F.S.A.,M.E.A.S., 30, Collingham Place, Earl's Court, S.W.,Vice-President.1883 HUBBARD, WALTER E., ESQ., 9, Broomhill Avenue, Partick,Glasgow.1885 HUGEL, BARON F. VON, 4, Holford Eoad, Hampstead, N.W.1897 HUTH, EEGINALD, ESQ., 32, Phillimore Gardens, Kensington,W.1892 INDERWICK, F. A., ESQ., Q.C., F.S.A., 8, Warwick Square,S.W.1883 *IONIDES, CONSTANTINE ALEXANDER, ESQ., 23, SecondAvenue, West Brighton.1872 JAMES, J. HENRY, ESQ., Kingswood, Watford.1879 *JEX-BLAKE, THE VERY EEV. T. W., D.D., F.S.A., Deanery,Wells.1880 JOHNSTON, J. M. C., ESQ., The Yews, Grove Park, Camberwell,S.E.1898 JONAS, MAURICE, ESQ., 9, Drapers' Gardens, E.G.1843 JONES, JAMES COVE, ESQ., F.S.A., Loxley, Wellesbourne, Warwick.1873 KAY, HENRY CASSELS, ESQ., 11, Durham Villas, Kensington, W.1873 KEARY, CHARLES FRANCIS, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., Savile Club,Piccadilly, W.1874 *KENYON, R. LLOYD, ESQ., M.A., Pradoe, WestFelton, Salop.1884 KING, L. WHITE, ESQ., C.S.I., F.S.A., Deputy Commissioner,Kohat, Pan jab, India.1891 KIRKALDY, JAMES, ESQ., 68, East India Eoad, E,1876 KITCHENER, MAJOR GENERAL LORD, OF KHARTOUM, G.C.B.,K.C.M.G., c/o Messrs. Cox & Co., Charing Cross, S.W.1884 *KiTT, THOS. W., ESQ., Snowdon, WoodbridgeEoad, Guildford.1879 KRTJMBHOLZ, E. C., ESQ., Alcester House, WaHington, Surrey.

LIST OF MEMBERS. 9ELECTED1883 *LAGERBERG, M. ADAM MAGNUS EMANTJEL, Chamberlain ofH.M. the King of Sweden and Norway, Director of theNumismatic Department, Museum, Gottenburg, andESda, Sweden.1864 *LAMBERT, GEORGE, ESQ., F.S.A., 10, Coventry Street, W.1888 *LAMBROS, M. J. P., Athens, Greece.1871 *LANG, SIR ROBERT HAMILTON, The Grove, Dedham, Essex.1900 LANGTON, H. NEVILLE S., ESQ., 62, Harley Street, W.1898 LAYER, PHILIP G., ESQ., M.E.C.S., Head Street, Colchester.1899 LA-WES, SIR CHARLES BENNET, BART., The Studio, ChelseaGardens, S.W.1877 LAWRENCE, F. G.,ESQ., Birchfield, Mulgrave Eoad, Sutton,Surrey.1897 LAWRENCE, H. W., ESQ., 37, Belsize Avenue, N.W.1885 *LAWRENCE, L. A., ESQ., 51, Belsize Park, N.W.1883 *LAWRENCE, EICHARDHOE, ESQ., 31, Broad Street, New York.1871 *LAWSON, ALFRED J., ESQ., Smyrna.1898 LEVIEN, J. MEWBURN, ESQ., 56, York Street, PortmanSquare, "W.1892 LEWIS, PROF. BuNNELL,M.A.,F.S.A., Queen's College, Cork.1862 LINCOLN, FREDERICK W., ESQ., 69, New Oxford Street, W.C.1900 LINCOLN, FREDERICK W., ESQ., JTJN., 69, New Oxford Street,W.C.1887 Low, LYMAN H., ESQ., 36, West 129th Street, New York,U.S.A.1893 LTTND, H. M., ESQ., Makotuku, New Zealand.1885 *LYELL, A. H., ESQ., F.S.A., 9, Cranley Gardens, S.W.1895 MACDONALD, GEO., ESQ., M.A., The University, Glasgow.1887 MACKERELL, C. E., ESQ., Dunningley, Balham Hill, S.W.1895 MARSH, WM. E., ESQ., Marston, Bromley, Kent.1897 MARTIN, A. TRICE, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., Eedborough House,Perceval Eoad, Clifton, Bristol.1876 MASON, JAS. J., ESQ., Maryfield Villa, Victoria Eoad, Kirkcaldy.1896 MASSEY, COL. W. J., 96, Oakley Street, Chelsea, S.W.1880 *MATJDE, EEV. S., The Vicarage, Hockley, Essex.

10 LIST OF MEMBERS.ELECTED1868 MCLACHIAN, R. W., ESQ., 55, St. Monique Street, Montreal,Canada.1897 MILNE, J. GRAFTON, ESQ., M.A., Holly House, Plaistow, E.1887 MINTON, TIIOS. W., ESQ., Chase Hidings, Enfield.1887 MITCHELL, E. C., ESQ., c/o Messrs. H. S. King & Co., 65,Cornhill.1898 MONCKTON, HORACE W., ESQ., F.L.S., F.G.S., 3, HarcourtBuildings, Temple, E.G.1888 MONTAGUE, L. A. D., ESQ., Penton, near Crediton, Devon.1879 MORRIESON, MAJOR H. WALTERS, E.A., E.A. Barracks,Pembroke Dock, S. Wales.1885 MURDOCH, JOHN GLOAG, ESQ., Huntingtower, The Terrace,Camden Square, N.W.1894 MURPHY, WALTER ELLIOT, ESQ., 93, St. George's Eoad,Pimlico, S.W.1900 *MYLNE, KEY. EGBERT SCOTT, M.A., B.C.L., F.S.A., GreatAmwell, Herts.1893 NAPIER, PROF. A. S., M.A., Ph.D., Hedington Hill, Oxford.1890 NEALE, C. MONTAGUE, ESQ., 17, Killieser Avenue, StreathamHill, S.W.1864 NECK, J. F., ESQ., c/o Mr. F. W. Lincoln, 69, New OxfordStreet, W.C.1892 NEIL, E. ALEXANDER, ESQ., M.A.. Pembroke College, Cambridge.1898 NELSON, PHILIP, ESQ., M.B., Ch.B., 73, Eodney Street,Liverpool.1880 NELSON, EALPH, ESQ., 55, North Bondgate, Bishop Auckland.1891 NERVEGNA, M. G., Brindisi, Italy.1884 NUTTER, MAJOR W., Eough Lee, Accrington.1898 OGDEN, W. SHARP, ESQ., Hill View, Danes Eoad, Eusholme,Manchester.1897 *0'HAGAN, HENRY OSBORNE, ESQ., Al4, The Albany,Piccadilly, W.1885 OLIVER, E. EMMERSON, ESQ., M.E.A.S., M.Inst.C.E.,229, Cromwell Eoad, S.W.

LIST OF MEMBERS. 111882 OMAN, C. W. 0., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., All Souls College,Oxford.1890 PAGE, SAMUEL, ESQ., Hanway House, Nottingham.1890 PATON, W. E., ESQ., Calymna, Turkey in Asia.1882 *PECKOVER, ALEX., ESQ., F.S.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.S., BankHouse, Wisbech.1898 PEDLER, G. H., ESQ., L.E.C.P., 6, Trevor Terrace, S.W.1896 PEERS, 0. R., ESQ., M.A.,107, Grosvenor Road, S.W.1894 PERRY, HENRY, ESQ., Middleton Mount, Reigate.1862 *PERRY, MARTEN, ESQ., M.D., Spalding, Lincolnshire.1888 PINCHES, JOHN HARVEY, ESQ., 27, Oxenden Street, Haymarket.1889 POWELL-COTTON, PERCY H. GORDON, ESQ., Quex Park,Birchington, Thanet.1887 PREVOST, AUGUSTUS, ESQ., B.A., F.S.A., 79, WestbourneTerrace, W.1897 PRICE, F. G. HILTON, ESQ., F.S.A., F.G.S., 17, CollinghamGardens, S.W.1878 PRIDEAUX, COL. W. F., C.S.I., F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S.,1, West Cliff Terrace, Ramsgate.1899 PRITCHARD, JOHN E., ESQ., F.S.A., Guys Cliff, SydenhamRoad, Bristol.1887 RANSOM, W., ESQ., F.S.A., F.L.S., Fairfield, Hitchin, Herts.1893 RAPHAEL, OSCAR C., ESQ., Victoria Foundry, Savile Town,Dewsbury.1890 RAPSON, E. J., ESQ., M.A., British Museum, W.C., Hon.Secretary.1848 RASHLEIGH, JONATHAN, ESQ., Menabilly, Par Station,Cornwall.1887 READY, W. TALBOT, ESQ., 55, Rathbone Place, W.1882 RICHARDSON, A. B., ESQ., F.S. A.Scot., 4, Malvern Place,Cheltenham.1895 RIDGEWAY, PROFESSOR W., M.A., Fen Ditton, Cambridge.1876 *ROBERTSON, J. D., ESQ., M.A., 21, Park Road, RichmondHill, Surrey.1889 ROME, WILLIAM, ESQ., C.C., F.S.A., F.L.S., Oxford Lodge,Wimbledon Common.

12 LIST OF MEMBERS.ELECTED1900 BOSKELL, EGBERT N., ESQ., 2, Warwick Gardens, Kensington,W.1862 ROSTRON, SIMPSON, ESQ., 1, Hare Court, Temple, E.G.1896 *KOTH, BERNARD, ESQ., J.P., Wayside, Preston Park,Brighton.1872 *SALAS, MIGUEL T., ESQ., 247, "Florida Street, Buenos Ayres,1877 *SANDEMAN, LIEUT.- COL. JOHN GLAS, F.S.A., 24, CambridgeSquare, Hyde Park, W.1875 SCHINDLER, GENERAL A. H., c/o Messrs. W. Dawson andSon, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.1895 SELBY, HENRY JOHN, ESQ., The Vale, Shortlands, Kent.1890 SELTMAN,E. J.,EsQ., Kinghoe, Great Berkhamsted, Herts.1900 SHACKLES, GEORGE L., ESQ., Southfield, Hessle, near Hull.1889 SIDEBOTHAM, E. J., ESQ., M.B.,Erlesdene, Bowdon, Cheshire.1896 SIMPSON, C. E., ESQ., Huntriss Eow, Scarborough.1893 *SiMS, E. F. M., ESQ., 12, Hertford Street, Mayfair, W.1896 SINHA, KUMVAR KusHAL PAL EAIS OF KOTLA, Kotla, Agra,India.1887 SMITH, H. P., ESQ., 256, West 52nd Street, New York.1883 SMITH, R. HOBART, ESQ., 542, West 150th Street, NewYork.1866 SMITH, SAMUEL, ESQ., JuN.,25, Croxteth lload, Prince's Park,Liverpool.1890 SMITH, W. BERESFORD, ESQ., Kenmore, Vanbrugh ParkEoad West, Blackheath.1892 SMITH, VINCENT A., ESQ., Gwynfa, Cheltenham.1881 SMITHS, J.DOYLE, ESQ., F.G.S., Ecclesdin, Upper Norwood.1890 *SPENCE, C. J., ESQ., South Preston Lodge, North Shields.1867 SPICE R, FREDERICK, ESQ., Woodbank, Prestwich Park, nearManchester.1887 SPINK, C. F., ESQ., 17, Piccadilly, W,1894 SPINK, SAMUEL M., ESQ., 17, Piccadilly, W.1890 STANFORD, CHARLES G. THOMAS-, ESQ., 3, EnnismoreGardens, S.W.1893 STOBART, J. M., ESQ., Glenelg, 18, Eouth Eoad, WandsworthCommon, S.W.1889 STORY, MAJOR-GEN. VALENTINE FREDERICK, The Forest,Nottingham.

LIST OF MEMBERS. 13ELECTED1869 *STREATFEILD, REV. GEORGE SIDNEY, Christchurch Vicarage,Hampstead, N.W.1896 STRIDE, ARTHUR LEWIS, ESQ., J.P., Bush Hall, Hatfield.1894 STROEHLIN, M., P. 0., 86, Eoute de Chene, Geneva, Switzerland.1864 *STUBBS, MAJOR-GEN. F. W., E.A., M.E.A.S., 2, ClarenceTerrace, St. Luke's, Cork, Ireland.1875 STUDD, E. FAIRFAX, ESQ., Oxton, Exeter.1893 STURT, LIEUT. -CoL. E. N. (address not known).1870 SUGDEN, JOHN, ESQ., Dockroyd, near Keighley.South Ken-1885 SYMONDS, HENRY, ESQ., 30, Bolton Gardens,sington, S.W.1896 *TAFFS, H. W., ESQ., 82, Herbert Eoad, Plumstead, S.E.1879 TALBOT, LIEUT.-COL. THE HON. MILO GEORGE, E.E., 2,Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.1897 TALBOT, W. S., ESQ., 0. S. Settlement Officer, Jhelum,Panjab, India.1888 TATTON, THOS. E., ESQ., Wythenshawe, Northenden, Cheshire.1892 *TAYLOR, E, WRIGHT, ESQ., F.S.A., 8, Stone Buildings,Lincoln's Inn, W.C.1887 TAYLOR, W. H., ESQ., The Croft, Wheelwright Eoad,.Erdington, near Birmingham.1887 THAIRLWALL, T. J., ESQ., 12, Upper Park Eoad, HaverstockHill, N.W.1880 *THEOBALD, W., ESQ., Budleigh Salterton, S. Devon.1896 THOMPSON, HERBERT, ESQ., 35, Wimpole Street, W.1896 THORBURN, HENRY W., ESQ., Cradock Villa, Bishop Auckland.1888 THURSTON, E., ESQ., Central Government Museum, Madras.1895 TILLSTONE, F. J., ESQ., The Librarian, Brighton PublicLibrary, Church Street, Brighton.1894 TRIGGS, A. B., ESQ., Bank of New South Wales, Yass, NewSouth Wales.1880 TRIST, J. W., ESQ., F.S.A., F.S.I., 3, Great St. Helens, E.C.1887 TROTTER, LIEUT.-COL. HENRY, C.B., United Service Club.1874 VERITY, JAMES, ESQ., The Headlands, Earls Heaton, Dewsburj.

14 LIST OF MEMBERS.ELECTED1893 VIRTUE, HERBERT, ESQ., 294, City Eoad, E.G.1874 YIZE, GEORGE HENRY, ESQ., Stock Orchard House, 526,Caledonian Eoad, N.1899 VLASTO, MICHEL P., ESQ., 12, Allier des Cappucines, Marseilles,France.1892 VOST, DR. W., c/o Messrs. H. S. King & Co., 45, Pall Mall,S.W.1875 WAKEFORD, GEORGE, ESQ., Knightrider Street, Maidstone.1883 WALKER, E. K, ESQ., M.A., Trin. Coll. Dub., Watergate,Meath Eoad, Bray, Ireland.1897 WALTERS, FRED. A., ESQ., F.S.A., 37, Old Queen Street,Westminster, S.W.1894 WARD, JOHN, ESQ., J.P., F.S.A., Lenoxvale, Belfast,Ireland.1889 WARREN, COL. FALKLAND, C.M.G., 911, Nicola Street, Vancouver,British Columbia.1887 *WEBER, EDWARD F., ESQ., 58, Alster, Hamburg, Germany.1885 *WEBER, FREDERIC P., ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., 19, HarleyStreet, W.1883 *WEBER, SIR HERMANN, M.D., 10, Grosvenor Street, GrosvenorSquare, W., Vice-President.1884 WEBSTER, W. J., ESQ., c/o Messrs. Spink, 17, Piccadilly,W.1899 WELCH, FRANCIS BERTRAM, ESQ., B.A., 8,Brandram Eoad,Lee, Blackheath, S.E.1883 WHELAN, F. E., ESQ., 6, Bloomsbury /Street, W.C.1869 *WIGRAM, MRS. LEWIS (address not known).1881 WILLIAMSON, GEO. C., ESQ., F.E.S.L., The Mount, Guildford,Surrey.1869 WINSER, THOMAS B., ESQ., 81, Shooter's Hill Eoad, Blackheath,S.E.1868 WOOD, HUMPHREY, ESQ., F.S.A., Chatham.1860 WOKMS, BARON G. DE, F.E.G.S., F.S.A., V.P.E.S.L., E.G.S.,D.L., J.P., 17, Park Crescent, Portland Place, W.1880 WROTH, W. W., ESQ., F.S.A., British Museum.

LIST OP MEMBERS. 15ELECTED1885 WYON, ALLAN, ESQ., F.S.A., F.S.A.Scot., 2, LanghamChambers, Portland Place, W.1889 YEATES, F. WILLSON, ESQ., 7, Leinster Gardens, HydePark, W.1880 YOUNG, ARTHUR W., ESQ., 12, Hyde Park Terrace, W.1898 YOUNG, JAMES, ESQ., 11, Porchester Terrace, LancasterGate, W.1900 ZIMMERMAN, KEY. JEREMIAH, M.A., D.D., 109, SouthAvenue, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A.HONORARY MEMBERS.ELECTED1898 His MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY, Palazzo Quirmale,Borne.1891 BABELON, M. ERNEST, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.1862 BARTHELEMY, M. A. DE, 9, Eue d'Anjou, Paris.1898 BLANCHET, M. J. A., 164, Boulevard Pereira, Paris.1881 DANNENBERG, HERR H., N.W., Lessingstrasse, Berlin.1899 DROUIN, M. EDMOND, 11, Eue de Verneuil, Paris.1898 DRESSEL, DR. H., Miinz Kabinet, K. Museen, Berlin.1899 GABRICI, PROP. DR., Ettore, Salita Stella, 21, Naples.1893 GNECCHI, SIGR. FRANCESCO, 10, Via Filodrammatici, Milan.1886 HERBST, HERR C. F., Director of the Museum of NorthernAntiquities and Inspector of the Coin Cabinet, Copenhagen.1886 HILDEBRAND, DR. HANS, Kiksantiquarien, Stockholm.1873 IMHOOF-BLUMER, DR. F., Winterthur, Switzerland.1893 JONGHE, M. le Vicomte B. de, Eue du Trone, 60, Brussels.1878 KENNER, DR. F., K. K. Museum, Vienna.1893 LOEBBECKE, HERR A., Cellerstrasse, 1, Brunswick.1898 MADDEN, F. W., ESQ., Holt Lodge, 86, London Eoad,Brighton.

16 LIST OF MEMBERS.ELECTED1898 MILANI, PROF., Luigi Adriano, Florence.1878 MOMMSEN, PROFESSOR DR. THEODOR, Charlottenburg, Berlin.1899 PICK, DR. BEHRENDT, Herzogliche Bibliothek, Gotha.1895 EEINACH, M. THEODORE, 26 3 Eue Murillo, Paris.1891 SVORONOS, M. J. N., Conservateur du Cabinet des Medailles,Athens.1881 TIESENHAUSEN, PROF. W., Pont de la Police, 17, St. Petersburg.1886 WEIL, DR. EUDOLF, Konigliche Museen, Berlin.MEDALLISTSOF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF LONDON.1883 CHARLES EOACH SMITH, ESQ., F.S.A.1884 AQUILLA SMITH, ESQ., M.D., M.K.I. A.1885. EDWARD THOMAS, ESQ., F.E.S.1886 MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, C.S.I., C.I.E.1887 JOHN EVANS, ESQ., D.C.L., LL.D., F.E.S., P.S.A.1888 DR. F. IMHOOF-BLUMER, of Winterthur.1889 PROFESSOR PERCY GARDNER, Litt.D., F.S.A.1890 MONSIEUR J. P. Six, of Amsterdam.1891 DR. 0. LUDWIG MULLER, of Copenhagen.1892 PROFESSOR E. STUART POOLE, LL.D.1893 MONSIEUR W. H. WADDINGTON, Senateur, Membre de 1'Institut,Paris.1894 CHARLES FRANCIS KEARY, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A.1895 PROFESSOR DR. THEODOR MOMMSEN, of Berlin.1896 FREDERIC W. MADDEN, ESQ., M.E.A.S.1897 DR. ALFRED VON SALLET, of Berlin.1898 THE EEV. CANON W. GREENWELL, M.A., F.E.S., F.S.A.1899 MONSIEUR ERNEST BABELON, Membre de 1'Institut, Conservateurdes Medailles, Paris.1900 PROFESSOR STANLEY LANE-POOLE, M.A., Litt.D.

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.i.GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUMIN 1899.(See Plates I, II.)As will be seen from the table given below, the totalnumber of Greek coins acquired by the British Museumduring the year 1899 is 485. Most of these have beenobtained by purchase out of the ordinary DepartmentalGrant, but some are presentations due to the kindness ofthe Rev. Arthur Dixon, Sir John Evans, K.C.B., Mr. G.F. Hill, Mr. L. A. Lawrence, Mr. A. J. Lawson, Mr. E.J. Seltman, Mr. T. Fox Sharp, and Mr. S. Spero. Shortlyafterthe death of Dr. Jan Pieter Six, the distinguishednumismatist of Amsterdam, his son, Professor Jan Six,very kindly offered to present to the British Museum, inhis own name and in that of Dr. W. Six, some Greek coinof importance from his father's collection, in remembranceof the friendly and long-continued relations thathad existed between Dr. Six and the members of theMedal Room Staff. The coin that has thus passed into theMuseum is the very rare and interesting didrachm ofHieropolis (Bambyce) in Cyrrhestica, with the reversetype Atergatis riding on a lion. It has already been welldescribed and photographed in the Numismatic ChronicleVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. B

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.(1878, p. 104, No. 2, PL VI. 2 ;cf. B. M. Cat. Galatia,1p. liii.) byJ. P. Six himself.GREEK COINS ACQUIRED 1887 1899.Year.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM.OThis coin, the genuineness of which is undoubted, wasformerly in the possession of Mr. "W. S. W. Vaux, thenumismatist, who found itmany years ago in the shop ofa marine-store dealer at Portsmouth. Being much discoloured,it was supposed by the dealer to be an oldcopper medal, and he sold it to Mr. Yaux for twopence.Two similar specimens in the Strozzi collection aredescribed by Garrucci (Hon. d* ItaL, p. 49, No. 18 ;PLIxxi., 18), 2 who is inclined to attribute them to the ancientPisae, partly because they were both procured from Pisa,and partly because of the sepia (revOi?) type, which hethe town oftakes to be a play upon Teuta, the name by which (accordingto one of several varying traditions)Pisae was originally called. But these reasons for theattribution hardly seem cogent. The date of the coinmay be about B.C. 450.The type consists of an ordinary amphora, which servesas the body of a sepia, and on each side is a projectionwhich Garrucci takes to be the lateral fins of the sepia(Loligo). Lateral fins are, I believe, conspicuous inLoligo vulgaris, though much less prominent in Sepiaofficinalis, which latter is considered by Imhoof-Blumerand Keller 3 to be the sepia usually found on Greekcoins, e.g., on the coins of Coresia in Ceos. Doubtlessthese projections on pur coin are intended to representsection on Greek coins written by Mr. B'arclayHead for theParliamentary Report of the British Museum, and I am alsoindebted for several suggestions to Mr. Head and Mr. G. F.Hill.zSee also Bompois, Rev. Arch., 1879, n.s., vol. xxxviii, p. 76,PI. XVII. 5; Per. di num., vi., p. 65; Head, Hist. Num.,p. 13 ; cp. Garrucci, op. cit., p. 49, No. 19, with the mark ofvalue X and Sepia-amphora type ivithout lateral projections.3Tier-und Pflanzenbilder.

4 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.(or caricature) the fins of the Loligo, but what theyactually consist of (as Mr. Cecil Smith has pointed out tome) is two helmets, the lower parts of which alone areshown, though the eye-slit and nasal piece are clearlyvisible. This bizarre combination of sepia, amphora andhelmet is probably without parallel on autonomous Greekcoins, but is less surprising in Etruria where, for instance,sepulchral urns were often surmounted by human heads,and vases were strangely shaped and moulded (see, e.g., theillustrations in Martha's L'Art Etrusque, pp. 331-336,p. 471).MESMA (BRUTTIUM).2. Obv.[ME^jMA. Female head r. hair;rolled andflowing behind neck (nymph of the fountainMesma 4 wears) ; earring and necklace ;in front,crescent ; behind, vase reversed ;border.Rev. Youthful figure naked (River-god ?) seated 1. onrock covered with animal's skin ; hair long ;legs crossed. His 1. hand rests on rock ;withhis r. he holds up a crab towards which a dog isleaping; border.M. Size -85.[PI. I. 2.]This beautiful specimen, which is covered with a palegreen patina, is an interesting variety of the coin ofMesma, published by Millingen (Anc. Coins of Greek Cities,p. 21 PL; II., I. 5 on which the ), youth holds (apparently)a patera, while the dog is seated. The crab here held bythe figure seems to identify him as a river-god either theBruttian Metaurus, or the local river now called Mesima.4The fountain named Medma (Mesma)is mentioned byStrabo, vi., p. 256; cp. Steph. Byz., M^rj, TroAts 'IraAias /cat6*See also Brit. Mus. Cat., Italy,Mesma," No. 3; Leake,Num. Hell., p. 128 ;De Luynes, Ckoix, PI. IV. 9.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 5The main fact inits capture, inthe little-known history of Mesma isB.C. 388, by Dionysius the Elder, and thebestowal by him of its territory upon the Locrians. Mr.Head (H. N. t p. 89) thinks that the coinage (bronze) ofthis town is subsequent to B.C. 388, and, perhaps, evenlater than B.C. 344, the date when Locri herself began tocoin money. The style of our reverse type (which maybe almost called Praxitelean) may seem best suited to thislatter date, but, on the whole, I am myself inclined toplace the coinage before, rather than after, B.C. 388. For(i) the coinages of Bruttium fas is pointedout in theHistoric* Numorum, p. 76) come to an end, generally, circ.B.C. 388, the period of the ravages of the Lucanians andof Dionysius ; (ii)the coins of Mesma differ much fromthe bronze coins of the Locrians, and were thus, presumably,struck before Locri obtained possession ofMesma ; (iii) the type of a naked figure seated on a rock,and holding out some object before him, belongs, in Italy,especially to the end of the fifth and the early part ofthe fourth century. Well-known instances occur atCroton and Pandosia, and at Tarentum, where the type ofthe seated Taras*or Demos playing with a panther's cubresembles the Mesma reverse- type (see Gardner, Types,PL Y., 3 = Evans, Horsemen of Tarentum, PL L, 12).The only silver coins that have been attributed toMesma are "Corinthian" staters marked M E and M,and issued 6 circ. B.C. 344-300, no doubt under Locrianinfluence.ZANCLE (SICILY).3. Obv. DA/VKVE Dolphin1. within enclosure in theshape of a sickle (taynXov) ;on each side ofenclosure, border of dots.6Head, B. M. Cat.,Corinth, p. xlix.

6 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Rev. The type of the obverse repeated in incuse to r.,but without the inscription.M. Size -95. Wt. 87-7 grs. [PL I. 1.]This coin (an Aeginetic drachm) was discovered nearMessina in 1895, in a small hoard of silver money ofZancle and Naxos, probably buried in 493 B.C., at thetime of the capture of Zancle by the Samians andMilesians. Mr. Arthur Evans, who has given (NumismaticChronicle, 1896, p. 101, f.)an excellent accountof this hoard, including a description of the presentspecimen (p. 101, No. 2 ;PL VIII. fig. 2), remarks thatthese pieces, with the reverse type in incuse, represent anearlier stage of the coinage of Zancle than any yetknown, and may be as early as the middle of the sixthcentury B.C., when various cities of Magna Gfraecia beganto issue their characteristic coins with, the type of theobverse repeated in incuse on the reverse. 7MENDE (MACEDONIA).4. Obv. Ass (ithyphallic) advancing1. ;border of dots.Rev.Incuse square divided diagonally.M. Size -55. Wt. 42 grs. [PLI. 3.]5. Obv. M Forepart of ass r. ;border of dots.Eev.Incuse square divided diagonally.M. Size -25. Wt. 7' 3 grs. [PI.I. 4.](Cp. Weber, Num. Chron., 1896, PI. II. 1, incusevaried.)7Another specimen was sold at Sotheby's, January 20th,1898, lot 61.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 76. Obv. Head of young Herakles r., in lion's skin.Rev. [M] INA . . Head of ass r. (wholein incusesquare ?).M. Size -25. Wt. 4-3 grs. [PI.I. 5.]Many new varieties of the curious coinage of Mendehave come to light within the last twenty years, andseveral, chiefly the smaller denominations, have from timeto time been published in the Numismatic Chronicle, by SirHermann Weber, and by myself.8ANTIGONUS (B.C. 306301).7. Obv. Head of Athena r., wearing crested helmet, adornedwith serpent.Rev. ANTIfoNfoY] Nike, winged, standing 1., hold-BAZIAE[jQZ]in r. acrostolium ;in 1.trophy-stand (or orvAis ?) ;wears long chiton and peploswrapped round body : infield 1.,wreath. (Doublestruck.)N. Size -75. Wt. 132 grs. [PI. I. 6.]On this very rare stater 9 Antigonus adopts the typesof Alexander, but the Nike holds an acrostolium insteadof the usual wreath. Mr. Head suggests that this variationin the type was intended to commemorate the naval8Num. Chron., 1890, p. 2, cp. p. 11: 1892, p. 6; 1893,p. 2 ; 1896, p. 15 ;1898. p. 251 f. Besides Hist. Num. andthe Brit. Mus. and Berlin Catalogues, see Imhoof-Blumer,Monn. Gfr., p. 82 f. Num.; Zeit., 1884, 243; Annuaire de laSoc.franq. Num., 1884, 34 (Hirsch) Z.; f. N., x., 73 (Loebbecke);Num. Chron., 1897/p. 275 (Greenwell).9A specimen is in the Hunter Collection (Macdonald, I.,p. 336, PL XXIII. 14) ;see also the coin in Mion., Sup., iii.,p. 244, No. 587, PI. XL 1 ; cp. i., p. 576, No. 822.

8 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.victory off Salamis (Cyprus) in B.C. 30G, 10 when DemetriusPoliorcetes, the son of Antigonus, defeated Ptolemy.After this engagement Antigonus and Demetrius eachtook the title BacnXeue.In connexion with the wreath that appears inthe fieldof the coin, it should be remembered that J. P. Six hasproposed u to assign to Antigonus, as King of BabylonB.C. 317-311, a series of double- darics, &c., bearing awreath, an object which he regards as the personal badgeof Antigonus, like the anchor of Seleucus.PHILIPPOPOLIS(THRACE).8. Obv. AVTKMAVPCEVH ANTHNEINOCHead of Caracalla r., laur. ;bearded.Rtv.KOINON0PAKflNAAEZANAPIAENIAIlTTTOTTOAInveiAM. Size 1-2.within laurel-wreath.The Pythia, and the 'A.\e%av%peia (games in honourof Alexander the Great), are commemorated on manycoins of Caracalla struck at Philippopolis with agonistictypes. (See the Berlin and Brit. Mus. Catalogues.)MAGNETES (THESSALY).9. Obv. C6BAC TOC Head of Nero r., laur. ;borderof dots.10So Clinton and Droysen, Gesch. der Diadochen, p. 133,note. Kaerst (s.v. "Antigonos" in Pauly, Real-Encyclop.)assigns the battle to B.C. 307.11Num. Chron,, 1898, p. 219 f.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. yRev. MAP NH[TflN] The Centaur Cheiron r. ;r. hand outstretched ; 1. hand holds branchresting on shoulder ; beneath, M ?M. Size -65.[PL II. 1.](Purchased, Sale at Sotheby's, 13 March, 1899, lot 115.)The coinage of Thessaly in Imperial times consistsalmost exclusively of bronze money, with names ofStrategi, struck by the Thessali at Larissa. 12 The rarecoin of the Magnetes here published must have beenstruck at Demetrias.RHIZUS (THESSALY). ?10. Obv. Female head r. (Artemis ?) ;hair tied in knot behind;wears earring [and necklace ?].Rev. P I I O Y . N Star of ten rays.. . .M. Size -65. [PL I. 7.]Four letters of this unpublishedOne would expect to find PI I OYNT Icoin are indistinct.HIM, but the sixthletter looks like the lower part of ^, and the seventh likeA (?); thus, PHOY^AiniM. The coin is of brass,partly coated with a bright green patina. The style andfabric are suggestive of Thessaly, and the coin is apparentlyof Rhizus, a place situated in Magnesia. Rhizus ismentioned by Strabo (ix., p. 436 ; 443) and StephanusBvz. :if'Pifoi;9, O7roXf9 Gecr(raX/a9. TO iOvucov *PiFouv-^-no9. 13 According to Strabo it was one of eight neighbouring7roX/^i/at,whose inhabitants were removed byGardner, Brit. Mus. Cat., Thessaly, p. xxxii.1213See also Scylax, 65. Plin., N.H., iv., 9, 16, OppidaMeliboea, Rhizus," &c.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.C

10 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Demetrius Poliorcetes [in B.C. 290] to people his newfoundation called Demetrias. In Strabo's own day, Rhizuswas regarded as a village of Demetrias.We should not have looked for a coinage at Rhizus, 14yet it may in reality have been of more importance thanStrabo's mention implies, and have enjoyed a period ofprosperity during the fourth century,the time to whichthis coin must belong.The earliest coins of Demetrias have on the obverse ahead of Artemis. (Hist. Num. p. 250.)It is desirable to point out the resemblance that ourcoin bears in types and style to the coins of Issa, theisland off the Illyrian coast. Three specimens arephotographed in Brunsmid's Inschriften und Munzen tierGriech. Stddte Dalmatian* (Wien, 1898), pi. iv. 63-65 ;p. 62. I was at first inclined to think that this mightbe a coin of the Illyrian town Rhizon in the variant formRhizus. 15 But the only civic coins of Rhizon at presentpublished are two bronze piecesstruck circ. B.C. 168 orlater, and our 'coin shows no traces of the characteristicfabric of Illyrian money. The attribution to Thessaly,therefore, seems preferable.ELEA (EPIBUS).11. Obv. Head of Demeter facing, wreathed with corn: infield 1.,A4Mr. G. F. Hill thinks that we may recognisea coin ofRhizus in the bronze Thessalian piece first published by me inNum. Chron. t 1896, p. 89 (obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Vine-branchwith grapes). He proposes to read P [HOY]^I[H]N.15Steph. Byz.cP/an/ : iroAts 'IXXvpcas KOL Trora^os o/xoW/AOS. 6^woAfrnjs "Pi^on/mys. Itmay be inferred from Scylax, 24, 25,that P(ovs was an alternative form for the usual 'Pi

.[RestruckGREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 11Rev.[EAE] ATAN Kerberos 1. ; beneath, A ;concavefield.M. 16 Size -8.[PL I. 9 obv.]on coin of Philip II of Macedon : on theobv. is visible the head of Apollo (Ares ?) r. ; onthe rev., [l]AIPPoY, horseman.]This coin is of the fourth century, earlier than the regalcoinage of Epirus (which begins B.C. 342), but not earlierthan B.C. 359, as is proved by its being restruck (as isalso a specimen in the BerlinMuseum) on a bronze coinof Philip of Macedon. Friedlaender (Z. f. N. vi. 15)points out that the correct reading is EAEATAN, notEAEAIfUN]. The cross-bar of the T is not clear on -ourcoin, but isdistinct on another Elean coin in the BritishMuseum, acquired in 1891.12. Obv. Boeotian shield.THEBES (B.C. 480456).Rev.Amphora in incuse square.JR. Size -45. Wt. 45*3 grs. [PI. I. 10.]This denomination (the triobol) is new to the Museum,and is not mentioned in Head's Coinage of Bceotia, where(p. 23) the stater, drachm, and obol of the amphora typeare described.PAGAE (MEGARIS).13. Obv.AV KMAVPKOMO .of Commodus r.,laur.. . ANTCO.. Head16The coin is of brass, and is covered, like several othercoins of Elea, with a bluish-green patina, which forms a kindof glaze.

12 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Rev. TJA Temple 1., seen from front and side ;on I.,FAIWN palm-tree; on r., olive-tree, on whichowl is perched.Size -95.[PL II. 3 rw.](Purchased, Sale at Sotheby's, 13 March, 1899, lot 125.)The trees beside the temple may represent a grovebe sacred treeswithin which the building stood, or maylike the palm of Delos and the platanus of Gortyna.Theowl (perched on the olive-tree as on the Imperial coinsof Athens n would rather seem to indicate that the)temple is of Athena. But, on the other hand, the goddessis not otherwise known to have been connected withPagae, the divinities of which, were I sis, Cybele, Dionysos,Herakles, and Artemis Soteira. 18 Probably the templeis of this Artemis, who appears to have been an importantgoddess at Pagae from the time of the Persian Warsonwards. At Pagae there was a statue of Artemis Soteira,modelled, apparently, upon the statue made by the sculptorStrongylion for the neighbouring Megara. This statueappears upon the coins, and in one case 19 the goddessisrepresented in a temple, on each side of which (it is importantto notice) is a tree, seemingly an olive-tree.AEGIUM (ACHAIA).14. Olv. AVKMAVPAN TUJNINOC[C] Bustof M. Aurelius r., laur., wearing cuirass.lien. AIFIGUJN Asklepios, wearing himation overshoulder and lower limbs, seated r. on throne ;71119Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, Num. Comm. on Pans, PI. Z.Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, op. cit., p. 8 f. ; p. 154.Inihoof-Blumer and Gardner, op. cit., PI. A. II.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 13r. hand on long sceptre ;1. hand open, resting on1. knee ;before him, serpent, headr., coiled roundaltar with conical top in ; exergue, ACT.M. Size 1-1.[PI. II. 4 rev.]15. Obv. [AVKJMAVPANTUJ NeiNOC[CG]B Bustof M. Aurelius r., laur., wearing cuirass.fieVt A IF! . . .Temple r., seen from front and side;on r., before temple, two tall torches; inexergue, ACT.M. Size M. [PL II. 5 rev.]16. Obv. AVKMAVPANTU) NeiNOCCGB Bustof M. Aurelius r., laur., wearing cuirass. (Samedie as No. 15.)Eev. UJN On 1.,female figure standing1. ;wears chiton [and head-dress ?] ; r. hand onrudder ; 1. hand holds cornucopiae ; on r, anotherfemale figure, wearing chiton, peplos, and modius,stands 1. ;r. hand extended ; 1. hand holdscornucopiae;M. Size M.in exergue, AC "I".(These coins were purchased at Sotheby's, 13 March,1899, lot 125. Each is partially covered with areddish brown coating, and the three specimensprobably come from the same " find." ACTis the mark of value for three ao-trapia.20Asimilar indication occurs on the Imperial coins ofSparta (Hist. Num., p. 365).)The reverse of No. 14 is here photographed as an interestingtype in somewhat better preservation than the specimenin Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, Num. Comm. on Pamanias,PL R. IX. On a companion coin (PL R. X.), Hygieia20The AC I of the coin of Aegium, figured in Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, Num. Comm. on Pans., PI. K. VII., p.83, should, I imagine, be read ACT.

14 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.stands feeding the serpent coiled round the altar, andon a third coin of Aegium (PL R. XL), the Asklepiosand the Hygieia are grouped together with the snakeencircledaltar between them. Imhoof-Blumer and Gardnerhave already pointed out that with the aid of these coinswe may reproduce the group of Asklepios and Hygieiamade for Aegium by Damophon of Messene (Paus. vii.23, 7). 21Near the temple and temenos of Asklepios there stood(according to the description of Pausanias, vii. 23, 5) anancient temple of Eileithyia, containing a statue of thegoddess by the same Damophon. This goddess is representedon the coins of Aegium (Num. Comm. Paus. p. 83/.)holding a torch in each hand, and there can be no doubtthat it is her temple that is represented on our coin No.15. The torches standing (like two gigantic maypoles)before the temple were probably erected on the occasionof some festival.They recall the large torches seen onthe Imperial coins of Megara, 22 Byzantium, 23 Pergamumand Cyzicus.24No. 16 is similar to a coin published by Kenner(St. Florian, p. 59 ; pi.ii. 8), 25 who calls the figuresIsis (on 1.)and Sarapis (on r.).But the figure on theright is certainly female, as the dress on our specimenproves.51On Damophon, see A. S. Murray, ii., 246 ;E. Gardner,p. 400 f. ; Collignon, ii., 626 f. He is usually assigned to thefourth century B.C. ; Collignon thinks that he worked in thefirst half of the second century B.C.;2Num. Comm. Paus., PI. A. XII., XIII.13Svoronos in Ephemeris Arch., 1889, pp. 84-87.4Brit. Mus. Cat. Mysia, Index ii., s.v. Torches.5Kenner's description is repeated in Num. Comm. Paus.,p. 88.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 15APTEEA (CRETE).17. Obv, I/iniASATHA. Head of Artemis of Aptera 1.,wearing earring (necklace ?) and stephane ;hairrolled.\O]'X [IO]IAOTT Warrior (Apteros orPteras) standing 1., wearing helmet, (sword ?) andcuirass ;in 1. hand spear and shield ornamented(with star ?)r. hand raised to salute tree before;him ;circular incuse.M. Size 1. Wt. 171 grs. [PL I. 8.]This specimen was acquired in Crete, and formed lot 126in the sale at Sotheby's on January 20th, 1898. Theobverse is from the same die as a coin in the BritishMuseum, published Num. Chron. 1891, p. 128, No. 17. 26The model for the head of Artemis on the didrachms ofAptera was evidently furnished by the skilful engraverPythodorus, who signs the coin in Brit. Mus. Cat. Crete,PI. II, 3. This was copied and somewhat simplified byless competent workmen (Ib. PI. II. 4, 5), the present coinbeing one of the best of the copies.The mouth and chinhave suffered a little through double striking.POLYRHENIUM (CRETE).18. Obv.[PYOOAjnPOY Head of Artemis Diktynna1., wearing earring and necklace.Rev.Bull's head facing, bound with fillet.M. Size -65. Wt. 33 grs. [PI.I. 11.]This specimenis restruck on a coin of Argos of theperiod, B.C. 350-228 (Gardner, B. M. Cat. Peloponnesus, p.6The coin is poorly preserved : the reading on the obv. cannow be corrected by our new coin to

16 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.140/). On the obverse the forepart of the wolf 1. is clearlyseen, and on the reverse are remains of the large A withletters above it and the incuse square.Polyrhenian coinsof this type are nearly always restruck, generally on moneyof Argos (see Svoronos, Crete, pp. 278, 279). As is wellknown, theslovenly practice of stamping Cretan types onthe coins of other countries (Gyrene, Argolis, &c.) prevailedeverywhere in the island, even when (as here) the dieshad been prepared by a capable engraver (Pythodorus).2719. Obv. Lyre.DELOS.Rev. I AHAbetween the spokes of a wheel.M. Size -35. Wt. 5 grs. [PI.I. 12.]A specimen of this scarce coin was in the collection ofMr. H. P. Borrell, who described it (withoutan illustration)in the Num. Chron. V. p. 175. The date maypossibly be earlier than circ. B.C. 480, though certainlylater than the coins with obv. A and lyre (rev. incuseSir Hermann Weber to Delos.28Thesquare) attributed bywheel is a remarkable type for Delos, and BorrelPs assertionthat it refers to the worship of Apollo requires proof.It might be worth while to bring together and discuss thevarious wheel-types that occur on coins.AMISUS (PONTUS).20. Obv. CABEINA CEBACTH Head of Sabina r.,draped.Rev.~AMICOVEAEVOE PACETOVCPIZ" (year167," dating from era B.C. 31 = A.D. 136).27Cp. B. M. Cat., Crete, p. xxiv.28Num. Chron., 1892, p. 201; cp. Six, N.C., 1895, p. 179(owl type).

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 17Sabina as Homonoia (Concordia29), wearing stephane,chiton, and peplos, standing1. ;in r.hand, patera ; 1. arm rests on column.M. Size -8. Wt. 38'6. [PI. II. 6.]LAMPSACUS (MYSIA).21. Obv. Head of bearded Priapus r., wreathed with ivy ;border of dots.Rev. AA M*A r. ; in exergue, [A]HMHTPIoVToV[K]HINinN 1. [AHJMHTPIoVToV. KAAo -Apollo Citharoedus standing r. ;in r., plectrum ;in1., lyre; in field 1., W; in field r., bow andarrow.JR. Size 1-1. Wt. 245-9 grs.30[PI. II.1 obv.]Tetradrachms of this type (doubtless struck soon afterthe battle of Magnesia, B.C. 190) are still rare. Yet it isprobable that there was a not inconsiderable issue, asextant specimens give us the names of four different magistrates,each with the patronymic.31DARDANUS (TROAD).22. obv. AVKAiAcenr CGOVHPOCTT Bust ofSept. Severus r., laur., wearing paludamentumand cuirass ; before head, countermark, femalefigure 1.Rev. eniAPX AVPH .. .K[or N ?]OV Bull r.approaching lighted altar, before which stands r.a draped figure holding in r. patera in; 1. staff(?) resting on shoulder ;behind altar, tall column,29Cp. Cohen, Monn. imp. 248 ii., p. (Roman coins of Sabinawith " Concordia " types).30Struck on a somewhat thick flan, too small for the die.31Brit. Mas. " Cat., Mysia, Lampsacus," No. 68; Babelon,Invent. Waddington, Nos. 884, 885.VOL. XX. THIRD SERTES. D

18 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.on which a bird (eagle ?)is seated 1. ;in ex.,AAPAANIM. Size 1-45. [PI, II. 8 rev.]This rare coin is probably identical with one publishedin Yaillant's Numismata Graeca (= Mion. II. p. 656, No.180), p. 81, with engraving in the appendix : Reverse.11ETTIAPX

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 19No. 246), but may be described as Faustina herself in thecharacter of Hygieia, or rather of Salus. The Romanmoney of Faustina of the " Salus " typeshows the serpentcoiled round an altar as here (Cohen, Med. imp.,Faustina II, No. 195 f.).MAGYDUS (PAMPHYLIA).24. Obv.AYTKAICA[q?] AMTflMI HOC Head ofM. Aurelius r., laur.helmet andchiton, standing to front, looking 1. ;in r., Nikewith wreath; in 1., spear supporting shield;before her, serpent ;in field, 1., K.Rev. MATYA6 flM Athena, wearingM. Size -75.I take this opportunity of giving a list (rather fullerthan any yet published) of the numerals that appear onthe coins of Magydus. 33 Specimensfrom Domitian toGallienus are marked with numerals that form a progressiveseries through the period in which they occur.The peculiarity (as Waddington has pointed out) is thatthese numerals do not indicate regular intervals :they arenot regnal years, nor do they belong to any regular era.Waddington suggests that the coins were struck on theoccasion of public games which took place at varyingintervals. Another alternative would be to suppose thatthe numbers represent successive issues of the coinage, butit seems unlikely that different coinageswould be indicatedby a running number covering such a long period asthat from Domitian to Gallienus.It maybe noted that a33For previous lists see Waddington, Voy* en As. Min.,p. 91 ; Imhoof-Blumer, Griech. Munzen, p. 680 ; Hill, B. M.Cat., Lycia, &c., p. Ixxvii.

20 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.frequent though, not invariable type on the numbered coinsis Athena Nikephoros.Numerals on Coins of Magydus.DomitianTrajanHadrianAntoninus PiusM. AureliusL. VerusCommodusCrispinaSept. SeverusJ. DomnaCaracalla, GetaMacrinusElagabalusSev. AlexanderMaximinus IGordian I IIIPhilip, jun.Trajan DeciusTreb. GallusVolusianValerian IGallienusSalonina34IB (W.)IA (B.M.);3516 (W.)IH (W.)10 (B.M.).K(B.M.) 36K (W.)K (Loebbecke, Z. f.326) ; KA (B.M.)37KA (W.)KB (Imhoof, op. cit.)KB (B.M.)KA (W.) ;K0 (B.M.)AA (W.)A (W.) ;AZAH (W.)AH (W.)KS (W.)(W.)N., xii.A0 (B.M.) ; MA (B.M.)A0 (W.)Without attempting a minute analysis of this list, I maypointout that the coins with K must have been struck at34"W = Waddington Collection, see Babelon's Inventaire,p. 181 f. B.M. = Brit. Mus. On the coin of Domitian in theBrit. Mus., H has been doubtfully read (Hill, Cat., Lycia, p. 115,No. 1), but this numeral is very obscure, and is one that isunlikely to occur under Domitian. Probablyit is IB-16Hill, op. cit., p. Ixxvii., gives also IB ?36Leake, Num. Hell., Sup., p. 68, gives a coin of Aureliuswith KZ. There isprobably some mistake in the description.37Brit. Mus., acquired in 1898. On obv., AVTKAIA-OC. Head of young Commodus r.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 21some time in the period 12th October, 166 January 169.For K occurs on the coins of M. Aurelius, L. Yerus, andCommodus, and cannot be later than January, 169, the dateof the death of Yerus, nor can it be earlier than October,166, when Commodus became Caesar. KA occurs both oncoins of Commodus and Crispina. It cannot be earlierthan A.D. 178, the date of Crispina's marriage, nor laterthan 182, the date of her banishment. 38The numbers KA, K9 (and no doubt also a no longerextant K6), are remarkable as occurring in the short reignof Macrinus, i.e., between llth April, 217, and July, 218.ANTIOCHIA (PISIDIA).25. Obv. IMPCAESMANTGORDIANVSAV Bustof Gordian III r., radiate,, wearing paludamentumand cuirass.Rev. FORTVNACOL CCESANTIOC Inexergue, A3I ;in field, S R Fortuna ofAntioch, wearing chiton, peplos, and modius,seated r. on rock ;r. hand rests on knee 1..holds ears of corn ;at her feet, river-god'(Anthios) swimming r.M. Size 1-15.[PI. II. 11. rev.]The " Fortuna " or " Genius " of Antioch is representedon other coins of the city as a standing female figureholding branch and cornucopise, 39 or as sacrificing in atemple. 40 In this case the representation resembles thefamous group by Eutychides of the Tyche of the SyrianAntioch and the Orontes. 4138For these dates see Klebs, Prosopographia, Pt. i., p. 242.394041Hill, Cat. Lycia, pp. 180, 181, PI. XXXI. 7.Babelon, Invent. Waddington, No. 3,605, PL VIII. 2.Wroth, Cat. Galatia, p. Ixi.

22 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.The reverse legend appearsto be blundered. COL Cperhaps= COLO(niae). CES = CAESABIAE. 42 AN-TIOC with the letters in the exergue mayfor ANTIOCHIAE.be intendedCOLBASSA (PlSIDIA).26. Obv. AV KAI[CAP?] ANTnNGIN[OC?] Headof Antoninus Pius r., laur.jfeVm KO ABA CGflN Men, wearing short chiton,Phrygian cap, and crescent at shoulder, standing1. ;in outstretched r., patera ;1. hand on longsceptre.M. Size -7. [PL II. 12 rev.]The coins of Colbassa 43 are rare, and the presentspecimen is unpublished. The following (all -ZE) are nowknown :Antoninus Pius.Eev.-~ KOABACGHN Apollo standing. Paris.(Invent,W aldington, No. 3,671.)^t,._KOABACjQN Men. Brit. Mus. (See No.Sept. Severus.26, supra.)Rev. KOABACGHN Dionysos standing. Berlin.Severus Alexander.(Dressel, Z.f. N., xxi., p. 223.)Rev. KOABACC6HN "Ares debout." Paris.(Invent. Waddington, No. 3,672.)4442Cp. Babelon, op. cit., No. 3,606.43Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics, i., 327; Hill, Cat. Lycia,p. cxi.44Cp. Huber's specimen in Berl. Blatter, ii., 184 ;sold atHuber Sale, London, Sotheby's, 1862, lot 667, fig. 667, andpurchased by Curt, the coin-dealer, for 8 10s.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 23J. Mamaea.^. KOABACCeilN Star in crescent. Paris.On the earlier coins(Babelon, Eev. Num., 1893, p. 339.)the spelling with one C seems tobe the rule, as in the Ko\/3ao-ci of Hierocles.crescent may be explained as referring to Men.The star andPOGLA (PISIDIA).27. Qbv. AVK .TT. Al TAAIHNOE . (sic}.Bust ofGallienus r., laur., wearing paludamentum andcuirass.Rev. TTfir A.QN Distyle arched shrine, containingsimulacrum of the Pergaean Artemis.M. Size -85.The latest coin of Pogla previouslyknown was ofTrebonianus Gallus (Hill, Cat. Lycia, &c., p. xcviii.).28. Obv. 4>OVA.SELEUCIA (PISIDIA).(CLAUDIO - SELEUCIA.)TTAA VTIA . C6B Bust of Plautillar.Eev.KAAVAIOC GACVKGIIN Hygieia, wearingchiton and peplos, standingr. ; r. hand holdsserpent, which she feeds from vase held in her1. hand. (Cp. Mion., Sup., vii., p. 129, No. 185,from Vaillant.)M. Size -8.[PI. II. 10.]YERBE (PISIDIA).29. Obv. AVKMAV ANTniSIINO C Bust of Caracallar., laur.Eev. OV6PBI ANUN Young Dionysos, wearingchlamys and boots, standing 1. ;in r., kantharos;1.supports thyrsos ;before him, panther.M. Size 1.[PI. II. 13 rev.]

24 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.30. Obv. AVKMANT TOPAIANOC Bust of GordianIII r., laur., wearing paludamentum andcuirass.Eev.OVCPB\ AN.QN Tyche, wearing chiton,peplos and modius, standing 1. ;in r., rudder ;in 1., cornucopiae.M. Size -95.The coinage of Verbe, 45 which some years ago wasalmost unknown, is now proving to be somewhat extensive.Caracalla and Gfordian III are unpublished emperors.Dionysos occurs on coins of Commodus 45 andPhilip jun. (Brit. Mus. Cat.), and Tyche on a coin ofDomna.DEMETRIUS II, NICATOR,OP SYRIA.B.C. 130-125 (Second Reign).31. Qbv, Head of Demetrius II, r., bearded ;wears diadem ;bead and reel border.fe;. BAZIAE.QZ The so-called "monument ofAHMHTPloY Sardanapalus " ;in field 1.,OEoY A! , PiNIKAToPoZM. Size 1-2. Wt. 257 grs. [PL I. 13.]This very rare tetradrachm is similar to the specimenin Brit. Mus. Cat., Seleucid Kings, p. 78, No. 22, PL xxi.,6, but is in much finer preservation. The reverse typehas been discussed by Imhoof-Blumer, Journ. HellenicStudies, xviii. (1898), p. 169 f., and by Hill, Brit. Mus.Cat., Cilicia, p. Ixxxv. f. (Cp. Babelon, Rois de Syrie, p.clvi. f.)45See Hill, B.M. Cat. Lycia, &c., p. xcvii. Cp. N.C. 1863,p. 104.16Babelon, Rev. Num., 1893, p. 342; Inventaire Waddington,No. 4,035.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 25CLEOPATRA AND ANTIOOHUS VIII ((TRYPUS) OF SYRIA.B.C. 125-121.32. Obv. Heads, r., jugate, of Cleopatra, wearing diadem,stephane, and veil, and of Antiochus VIII, wearingdiadem bead and reel;border.Zfc?;.[BA]ZIAIZZH[Z] "Monument of Sardana-[K1AEOTTATPAZ palus"; infield, 1., Pfl;KAI in exergue, ^^BAZIAEHZANTIoXoVM. Size 1-1. Wt. 256-6 grs. [PI. I. 14.]The usual reverse type of Cleopatra and Antiochus isan eagle, or the seated Zeus.HEROD PHILIP II(TETRARCH).33. O^.-TIBEPIOECEBACTOEKAICAP Head ofTiberius r., bare ;in front, branch of laurel.^.-Eni4>l[AinnOYTE]TP APXOYKTICTetrastyle temple r., between the columns ofwhich L A A = year 34 = A.D. 30-31.M. Size -8..[PI. II. 14.]A comparison of this specimen with the coins of HerodPhilip II described in Madden* s Coins of the Jews, p.123 f., will show that it is new in several respects. Thedate " 34 " fills part of the gap between " 33 " and " 37,"the years hitherto known. The usual inscription is ! A I fl-TETPAPXOY, without the addition of EH I.is also a new epithet,referring to the foundationor refoundation of a city in Philip's tetrarchy, possiblyJulias (Beth-saida), but more probably CaesareaPhilippi (the older Caesarea Panias). 4747Cp. B. M. Cat. Galatia, p. Ixxx.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. E

II.FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND GOLD RINGS AT SULLY,NEAR CARDIFF.(See Plate III.)THE find of Roman gold and silvercoins and gold rings,of which an account is here given, was made in Octoberof last year at Sully, near Cardiff. The following particularsrespecting the discovery of the find were communicatedby H.M. Treasury,when its contents wereforwarded to the British Museum as treasure-trove forexamination ;and further information was supplied tothe Western Mail by Mr. John Storrie, of Cardiff, intowhose hands the greater portion of the hoard passedshortly after itsbeing unearthed.From information supplied to H.M. Treasury by theCoroner of the district, itappears that on the 17th Octoberlast, whilst a labourer, named Jezer Long, was diggingfoundations for the Armstrong Pioneer Syndicate Companyon the Sully Moors, near Cardiff, he turned up anold metal vessel, which he found to contain many Romancoins and jewellery. The vessel, which was 4^ inchesin height, broke under his spade. Long was workingwith a mate, and at the time there were two other menwatching them. As soon as he struck the find, Longfell bodily upon it and at once began to fill his pockets.He took all the gold articles, he believed ;but one of the

28 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.onlookers, a bricklayer, also in the service of the Company,got possession of a gold ring. This man is nowemployed by the Company in Paris. SubsequentlyLonggot into communication with Mr. John Storrie, of 104,Frederick Street, Cardiff, the local antiquary, who gavehim 18 18s. for his treasure-trove. About 20 or 30feet from the place where the treasure was found a humanskull was unearthed. A portion of the hoard, consistingof a gold ring, a gold coin, and 21 other coins in silver,came into the possession of the steward of the Lord ofthe Manor, who claimed them for his master. On thecoroner deciding that these objects were also treasuretrove,they were given up, and forwarded, with the otherportion of the find, to H.M. Treasury, and from thencethey came to the British Museum.A few days after Mr. Storrie got possession of hisportion of the hoard he sent a communication to theWestern Mail under date 26 October, 1899, of whichthe following are the chief points. After giving a descriptionof the district in which the coins and ringswere found, he says, "A faint rumour got my lengththat old coins had been found somewhere. I spent theday in endeavouring to trace the origin of the rumour,and had given up the attempt, as I have had to do inmany other instances, when a visitor entered my office.Instantly, before he had spoken, althoughI had neverseen him or he me, I knew he knew what he knew, asthe sayingis ;so it is needless to describe the bargainingbetween two men, who want each to get some advantageover the other. The share of three of the men outofthe four who had found the coins and rings came intomy possession, the fourth man havingtaken himself offto Liverpool. I am now endeavouring to trace this por-

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 29tion of the hoard and the missing man. My reason fordoing so is that, unless immediate action is taken, whenone of these finds occurs, the things get scattered, andno record is kept so that the lesson they may teach is;lost. I have noted to the authorities my possession oftreasure-trove in this case, and will how keepit tillit is safely placed in some public collection, where allsuch finds should go." Mr. Storrie then gives a longdescription of the coins and rings, accompanied by somevery fair illustrations of the more important pieces.Theportion of the hoard secured by Mr. Storrie consisted of280 silver and 4 gold Roman coins and 3 gold rings.By his prompt and very commendable action Mr. Storriehas enabled us to place on record one of the most interestingfinds of Roman coins and rings which has beenmade in recent times, and thus the object which he hadin view has been attained.The followingis a summary of the find. It has not beenconsidered necessary, in this communication to theSociety, to keep separate the coins and rings secured byMr. Storrie from those which were obtained by the stewardof the Lord of the Manor.GOLD COINS,Diocletian . .. AureusMaximian Herculius .SILVER COINS,Marcus Aurelius . Denarius . . 1Septimius Severus .Julia Domna . . ,, . .6Caracalla . . . . .12Antoninianus . 1,, . .5Carried forward . 25

30 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Brought forward .Geta . . . Denarius .Macrinus . . . Antoninianus. .Elagabalus Denarii. . AntoninianiJulia Paula . . DenariiJulia Soaemias .Julia MaesaSeverus AlexanderOrbianaMaximinus IJulia Mamaea .Gordian IIIPhilip 'l .Otacilia Severa .Philip II .Trajan Decius .Etruscilla .Herenmus EtruscusTrebonianus GallusVolusian .Valerian I .Gallienus .Salonina .Saloninus .Valerian IIPostumus .Carausius .Uncertain .AntoninianiDenarius25112032322715614319351014104736152071811301Besides theabove, there were the four gold rings, andI would further add to the number of gold coins twoothersthe double aureus of Diocletian, No. 1 in the descriptions,and the aureus of Maximian Herculius, No. 4,which have come under my notice, and which, from informationrecently received, I have every reason to supposeformed a portion of the hoard. 11In addition to these, fifteen silver pieces have also beenreported as having been in the hoard. They are as follows :

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 31The list shows that the goldcoins and those of silverbelong to separate periods. With one exception, that ofCarausius, the silver coins range from A.D. 180 (the yearof the 84th tribuneship of Marcus Aurelius), to circ. A.D.267, the last year of the reign of Postumus, supposingsome of his undated coins to have been struck as late asthat year. The gold coins range from A.D. 286 to aboutA.D. 306, if we are right in supposing that one ofthose of Maximian may have been issued after the resignationof Diocletian, in A.D. 305. It is quite easy toaccount for the coins of the two metals being of distinctperiods.The original owner of the hoard, who concealedit in the earth, must have desired only to possess coinsand other objects of the finer metals, and in this mannerthe baser pieces which were current after A.D. 267 wereexcluded from his treasure.As the majority of the silver coins are of the later partof the first half of the third century they are chieflyantoniniani, which, as is well known, were first struckunder Caracalla ;but of this Emperorthe hoard containedonly a single specimen. These pieces are distinguishedfrom the denarii in being of larger size, inshowing the Emperor wearing a radiate crown, whilstSeverus Alexander, as No. 78 ;Gordian III, as Nos. 93,116 ;Valerian I, (i) Rev. ORIENS AVGG. Sol running 1.,holding whip (Cohen, No. 135) ; (ii)SALVS AVGG. Salusfeeding serpent and holding sceptre (Cohen, No. 196); Gallienus,as Nos. 167, 170; and (i)Rev. FIDES MILITVM.Eagle standing on globe between two standards (Cohen, No.249) and; (ii)Rev.VIRT . GALLIENI AVG. Emperor,armed with spear and shield, striding to r. over fallen captive(Cohen, No. 1206); Salonina, as No. 175; Saloninus, as No 180;Postumus, as Nos. 193, 195 ;and (i) Rev. VLRTVS EQVIT.Soldier walkingr. with spear and shield; in exergue, T. (Cohen,No. 440).

32 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.under the bust of the Empress is a crescent. The singlecoin of Carausius having a laureate head shows a returnto the denarius class.Following a very good precedent, I now append a moredetailed account of the hoard. With the exception ofthe denarius of Carausius, the reverse types only of thesilver pieces are given, with references to the secondedition of Cohen's Medailles Imperials, any varietiesnot recorded by Cohen being specially noted. Of thegold coins, however, full descriptions of both obverse andreverse type are supplied, together with the weight ingrains troy, of each piece.GOLD.DIOCLETIAN.Double Aureus.1. Obv.IMP. C. G. VAL. DIOCLETIANVSP. F. AVG. Bust of Diocletian r.,with radiate crown and slight draperyover his shoulders. Rev. PEEPETVAFELICITAS AVGG. (in exergue) P. R.Cohen.No.Jupiter standing 1., places his r. foot onthe back of a kneeling captive: he holdsin his r. hand a thunderbolt, resting hisarm on his knee, and with his 1. hand heleans on a sceptre:Victory advancestowards him, and offers him a globe withboth hands. Wt. 199-2 grs. Unpublished.[PL HI. 1.]. . . . I.Aureus.2. Ol>v. IMP. C. G. VAL. DIOCLETIANVSP. F. AVG. Bust of Diocletian r.,laureate, wearing cuirass and mantle on1. shoulder. Eev.IOVI CONSERVAT.AVGG. (in exergue) P. E. Jupiter standing1., his mantle hanging down behind,holding thunderbolt. Wt. 81 '8 grs.[PL III. 2.] 208 12Carried forward 2

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 33Brought ...... forward 2MAXIMIAN HERCULIUS.Aurei.3. Obv. IMP. 0. M. AVE. VAL. MAXIMIA-NVS P. F. AVG. Bust of Maximian r.,with radiate crown, and wearing paludamentumand cuirass. Rev. 10VI CON-SEEVAT. AVGG. Jupiter standing 1.,his mantle hanging down behind, holdingthunderbolt and sceptre. Wt. 86 '5 grs.Cohen.[PI. III. 3.]. . 348 14. Similar ;but the bust less draped, the paludamentumshowing on 1. shoulder only, andon the reverse in the exergue S. M. T.Wt. 80-5 grs. [PI. III. 4.]... 15. Obv. MAXIMIANVS AVGVSTVS. Headof Maximian r., laureate. Rev. P. M.TE. P. P.P. Armed figure, Maxentius(?),standing 1. between four standards,two on either side ; spear in 1. hand.Wt. 102-0 grs. [PI.III. 5.]. .467 16. Obv. VIETVS MAXIMIANI AVG. Bustof Maximian r., laureate, wearing cuirass,and holding one spear in r. hand and twospears and shield in 1. .Rev. VIETVSAVGG. ;(in exergue) P. E. Hercules r.strangling the lion ;behind him, club.Wt. 91-0 grs. [PI. III. 6.]. . . 591 17. Olv. MAXIMIANVS AVG. Head of Maximianr., laureate. Rev. VIETVS AVGG. ;(in exergue) TE. Hercules r., seizingstag by the horns. Wt. 87 '0 grs. [PI.III. 7.]. . . . . . 596 1No.5SILVEE. =MARCUS AURELIUS.Denarius.8. P. M. TE. P. XXXIIII. IMP. X. COS. III.P.P. Fortuna seated 1., holding rudderand cornucopise ..... 97211Carried forwardVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. FI

34 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Brought forward ......1SEPTIMIUS SEVERTJS.Denarii.9. FVNDATOE PACIS. Emperor 1., veiled,Cohen.holding branch and book . . . 203 110. P. M. TE. P. II. COS. II. P. P. Jupiterseated L, holding Victory and sceptre .379 111. P. M. TE. P. XIIII. COS. III. P. P.Abundantia standing L, holding ears ofcorn and cornucopias ;at her feet, modius 476 112. EESTITVTOE VEBIS. Eoma seated L,holding palladium, and sceptre. .606No.113. VICT. AVGG. COS. II. P. P. Victorywalking L, holding wreath and palm. 694 15JULIA DOMNA.Denarii.14. DIANA LVCIFEEA. Diana standing 1.,holding torch 27 115. FECVNDITAS. Fecunditas seated r., nursingGeta Caracalla ; standing before her . 42 116. IVNO. Juno standing L, holding patera andsceptre ;at her feet, peacock ... 82 117. LAETITIA. Laetitia standing L, holdingwreath and rudder .... 101 118. PIETAS PVBLICA. Pietas standing 1.,before altar, both hands raised . .156119. VESTAE SANCTAE. Vesta standing 1.,holding patera and sceptre. . . 246 16CARACALLA.Denarii.20. DESTINAT. IMPEEAT. Sacrificial instrumentswith bucranium in centre 53 121. FELICITAS AVGG. Felicitas standing 1.,holding caduceus and cornucopias. .611Carried forward . 2 12

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 35Cohen. No.Brought forward 2 1222. INDVLGENTIA AVGG. IN. CAETH.Carthage seated on lion, galloping r. ;behind, rock 97 123. MAETI PEOPVGNATOEI. Mars walking1., holding spear and trophy . . .150 124. MAETI VLTOEI. Mars walking r., holdingspear and trophy . . . . .154 125. PAET. MAX. PONT. TE. P. III'I. Trophyand captives. . . . . .175 126. P. M. TE. P. XV. COS. III. P. P. Sarapisstanding 1., holding spear.' . .195 127. P. M. TE. P. XVIII. COS. IIII. P. P.Aesculapius standing towards 1., holdingserpent-staff; globe at his feet . .302 128. PONTIF. TE. P. X. COS. II. Caracallastanding r. , holding spear and parazonium ;foot on helmet 440 129. SECVEITAS PEEPETVA. Pallas standingtowards 1., holding shield and spear. 566 230. SECVEIT. OEBIS. Securitas seated r.,holding sceptre ; before her, altar . . 574 1Antoninianus.31. P. M. TE. P. XVIII. COS. IIII. P.P. Jupiterstanding r., holding thunderbolt andsceptre 278 113G-ETA.Denarius.32. SECVEIT. IMPEEII. Securitas seated 1.,holding globe 183 1MACEINUS.1Antoninianus.33. IOVI CONSEEVATOEI. Jupiter standing1., holding thunderbolt and sceptre ;before him, Emperor .... 3811Carried forward . . 27

00 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Brought forward . . . . . .27ELAGABALTJS.Denarii.31. ABVNDANTIA AVG. Abundantia standingI., emptying her cornucopise ; behindher, star . ....1Cohen.No.135. CONCOEDIA MILIT. Four standards .15 136. CONSVL. I'. P. P. Aequitas standing 1.,holding scales and .cornucopias .21 137. INVICTVS SACEEDOS AVG. Elagabalusstanding 1. before altar, holding pateraand club ;near altar, bull ;before Emperor,star ......6138. LAETITIA PYBL. Laetitia standing 1.,2holding wreath and rudder ... 70 139. PAX AYGVSTI. Pax walking 1., holdingbranch and sceptre. . . .120 240. P. M. TE. P. III. COS. III. P. P. Sol.running 1., .holding whip .153 241. P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Victory1., holding wreath; at her feet, twoshields ...... 194 142. P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Elagabalussacrificing at altar ;branch in 1.hand; before him, star .... 196 143. P. M. TE. P. V. COS. IIII. P. P. Similartype. 213 144. PEOYID. DEOEVM. Providentia standing1., holding staff and cornucopise; globe ather feet 242 145. SACEE. DEI SOLIS ELAGAB. Elagabalusstandingr. and sacrificing beforean altar ...... 246 146. SYMMVS SACEEDOS AYG. Elagabalusholding patera and branch, standing1.and sacrificing at altar ;before him, star 276 147. TEMPOEYM FEL. Felicitas standing 1.,holding patera and caduceus . . .2781Carried forward . . 17 27

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 37Cohen. No.Brought forward 17 2748. TEMPOEVM FELICITAS. Felicitas standing1., holding caduceus and cornucopiae 282 . .49. VICTOEIA AVQ. Victory flying 1., holdingfillet ;before her, star ;at her feet, twoshields '299 150. Similar ;but star behind Victory. . 1Antoniniani.151. FIDES MILITVM. Fides Banding facing,holding two standards 39 152. P. M. TE. P. COS. II. P. P. Eoma seated1., holding Victory and spear . . .138 153. VICTOE. ANTONINI AVGL Victory walkingr., holding wreath and palm. ,291JULII PAULA.123Denarii.6 154. CONCOEDIA. Concordia seated 1., holdingpatera; before her, star ...55. VENVS GENETEIX. Venus seated 1.,holding globe and . .sceptre .21JULIA SOAEMIAS.12Denarii.56. VENVS CAELESTIS. Venus standing 1.,holding apple and sceptre; on r., star . 10 157. VENVS CAELESTIS. Venus seated 1.,holding apple and sceptre. . .14 2JULIA MAESA.Denarii.358. PVDICITIA. Pudicitia seated 1., holdingsceptre. .. . . .36159. SAECVLI FELICITAS. Felicitas standing1., sacrificing at altar and holding caduceus;on r., star . . .,^ 45 1572Carried forward .......

TE.38 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Brought ....... forward 57SEVERUS ALEXANDER.Denarii.Cohen. No.holding scales and cornucopise ..9160. AEQVITAS AVG. Aequitas standing 1.,61. ANNONA AVG. Annona standing 1.,holding ears of corn and cornucopise; beforeher, modius . . . . 28 362. FIDES MILITVM. Fides standing1. ,holdingtwo standards..... *2 163. Similar, Fides seated . . . .51 164. IOYI CONSEEVATOEI. Jupiter standing1., holding thunderbolt and sceptre; beforehim, Emperor ..... 73 165. MAETI PACIFEEO. Mars standing1. ,holdingbranch and reversed spear. .173 166. P. M. TE. P. COS. P. P. Same type.. 207 1;67. P. M. P. II. COS. P. P. Salus seated1., feeding serpent, rising from altar . 239 268. P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Pax standing1., holding branch and sceptre.. . 236 169. P. M. TE. P. III. COS. P. P. Emperorstanding L, holding globe and reversedspear 256 270. P. M. TE. P. III. COS. P. P. Pax standing1., holding branch and sceptre. . 254 I71. P. M. TE. P. III. COS. P. P. Salus seated1., feeding serpent, rising from altar . 255 172. P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. P. P. Mars walkingr., holding spear and trophy. . 260 173. P. M. TE. P. V. COS. II. P. P. Pax standing1., holding branch and sceptre. . 281 174. P. M. TE. P. Y. COS. II. P. P. Emperorstanding 1., sacrificing at altar; book in1. hand ... . . 289 175. P. M. TE. P. VI. COS. II. P. P. Aequitasstanding 1., holding scales and cornucopias. 312 1Carried forward 20 57

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 39Cohea. No.Brought forward 20 5776. P. M. TR. P. VIIII. COS. III. P. P. Solstanding towards 1. , holding globe .387 2.77. PROVIDENTIAAVG. Providentia standing1., holding staff over globe and in 1. handsceptre ...... 512 178. VICTORIA AVG. Victory walking r., holdingwreath and palm .... 560 179. Similar :Victoryto 1. . . . .563 180. VIRTVS AVQ-. Virtus standing r., holdingreversed spear and shield . . .575 227OKBIANA.Dtnariua.81. CONCORDIA AVGG. Concordia seated 1.,holding patera and double cornucopise. 1 11JULIA MAMAEA.2^Denarii.82. IVNO CONSERVATRIX. Juno standing1., holding patera and sceptre at her; feet,peacock ...... 3583. VENVS VICTRIX. Venus standing 1.,holdinghelmet and spear ;at her feet, shield . 76 184. VESTA. Vesta standing 1., holding palladiumand sceptre. . . . .81 285. Similar ;but Vesta holds patera and sceptre. 85 16MAXIMINUS I.Denarii.86. PAX AVGVSTI. Pax standing 1., holdingbranch and sceptre .... 37 187. P. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P. Emperor leaningon sceptre to 1., between two standards. . . . . . !'.>: 55 1Carried forward 2 91

40 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Cohen. No.Brought ... forward 2 91.88. PEOVIPENTIA AVG. Providentia standing1., holding staff over globe and cornucopise..... 75 289. VICTOEIAAVG. Victory walking r., holdingwreath and . . .palm 99 15GORDIAN III (PlUS).Denarius.90. IOVISSTATOE. Jupiter turned tor., holdingsceptre and thunderbolt . . .113Antoniniani.191. AEQVITAS AVG. Aequitas standing 1.,holding scales and cornucopias. .1792. Similar ;but Aequitas holds patera insteadof scales : Obv. IMP. CAES. GOEDIA-NVS PIYS AVG. Bust radiate anddraped .....to r.1193. AETEENITATI AVG. Soldier standing 1.,holding globe. . . . .4194. CONCOEDIA AVG. Concordia seated 1.,95. Similar; but Olv. IMP. CAES M. ANT.GOEDIANVSAVG .... 501holding patera and double cornucopise. 53 1196. FELICIT. TEMP. Felicitas standing 1.,holding caduceus and .cornucopiae .71 r97. POET. EEDVX. Fortuna seated 1., holdingrudder and cornucopise. . . .97 398. FOETVNA EEDVX. Similar type and samevbv. with radiate head .... 299. IOVI STATOEI. Jupiter naked, standingto r., holding sceptre and thunderbolt . 109 3100. LAETITIA AVG. N. Laetitia standing 1.,holding wreath and anchor . . .121101. OEIENS AVG. Sol standing towards 1.,holding globe. . . . .16751Carried forward 21 96

'FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 41Cohen. No.Brought forward 21 96102. PAX AVGVSTI. Pax standing 1., holdingbranch and sceptre. . . .181 1103. P. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P. Emperorin 1.veiled, sacrificing at altar, sceptrehand . 216' 2104. P. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P. Pax standing1., holding branch and sceptre. . 203 1105. P. M. TR. P. III. COS. II. P. P. Emperorstanding r., holding spear and globe.Obv. IMP. GORDIANVS PIVS PEL.AVG. ... ... 242 1106. P. M. TR. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Similartype 253 1107. P. M. TR. P. V. COS. II. P. P. Apolloseated 1., holding branch of laurel andresting 1. arm on his lyre..108. PROVID. AVG. Providentia standing. . 272 2towards 1., holding staff over globe and.sceptre ... .296 3109. PROVIDENTIA AVG. Providentia standing1., holding globe and sceptre. . 302 2110. SAECVLI FELICITAS. Emperor standingr., holding spear and globe. . .3191111. SECVRIT. PERPET. Securitas leaning oncolumn and holding sceptre, standingtowards 1. . . . . . .327 1112. SECVRITAS PERPETVA. Same type. 336 1113. VICTORIA AETERNA. Victory standingL, leaning on shield and holding palm. 353- 1114. VIRTVS AVG. Virtus standing L, holdingshield and reversed spear. . .3813115. VIRTVS AVG. Mars standing L, holdingbranch and spear ;at his feet, shield . 383 1116. VIRTVTI AVGVSTI. Hercules standing,leaning on his club .... 404 214044Carried forward ......VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. G

42 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Brought forward ......140PHILIP I.Antoniniani.Cohen. No.holding scales and cornucopise ..92rider ....... 17 2117. AEQVITAS AVG. Aequitas standing 1.,118. AETEENITAS AVGG. Elephant to 1. with119. ANNONA AVaa. Annona holding earsof corn above modius and cornucopise. 25 2120. Same, but obv.AVG. .legend IMP. PHILIPPVS. . 1121. FELICITAS TEMP. Felicitas standing 1. ,holding caduceus and cornucopise. . 4355122. FIDES MILIT. Fides standing L, betweentwo standards .....123. LAETIT. FVNDAT. Laetitia standing L,holding1wreath and rudder ... 80 1124. PAX FVNDATA CVM PEESIS. Paxstanding L, holding branch and .sceptre 113 1125. P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Philip seated1., on curule chair, holding globe andsceptre ...... 120 1126. P. M. TU. P. II. GO'S. P. P. Pax standingL, holding caduceus and cornucopia? .124 1127. P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Paxstanding 1., holding caduceus and cornucopia). . . . . . .1361128. EOMAE AETEENAE. Eoma seated L,holding Victory and spear. . . 165 2129. SAECVLAEES AVGG. exergue w .Stag.standing r.,. . . 182 1240130. VIETVS AVG. Virtus seated L, holdingbranch and spear .....119Curried forward 159

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 43Brought forward 159OTACILIA.Antoniniani.Cohen.No.131. CONCOEDIA AVGG. Concordia seated 1.,holding patera and cornucopias. .141132. IVNO CONSEEVAT. Juno veiled, standing1. , holding patera and sceptre 20 1133. PVDICITIA AVG. Pudicitia seated 1.,holding sceptre ... 53 13PHILIP II.Antoniniani.134. PEINCIPI IVVENT. Philip standing 1.,holding globe and spear ... 48 1holding globe and spear; at his feet,captive ...... 5759135. PEINCIPI IWENT. Philip standing 1.,136. PEINCIPI IVVENT. Philip standing r.,holding spear and globe, and accompaniedby a soldier ....21137. PEINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Philip standing1., holding standard and reversed. . , . . .spear .61 15TRAJAN DECITJS.138. ABVNDANTIA AVG. Abundaiitia stand-Antoniniani.ing r., emptying her cornucopiae ..22on horseback1., holding sceptre ... 4 2139. ADVENTVS AVG. Emperor140. DACIA. Dacia standing 1., holding staffass's head , . 2surmounted by .13141. Similar, but Dacia holds standard 2 27 1Carried forward . . . , . . 7 1672This coin is struck over a denarius of Maximinus I readingVICTOEIA AVG., and with Victory r., holding palm andwreath (Cohen, No, 99).

44 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Brought forward . ...Cohen.7142. GENIVS EXEEC. ILLYEICIANI. Geniusstanding 1., holding patera and cornucopiseat his; side, standard .64 3 2No.167143. VBERITAS AVG. Uberitas standing 1.,holding purse and cornucopise. .105 110ETRUSCILLA.Antoninianus.144. PVDICITIA AVG. Pudicitia seated 1.,holding sceptre. . . . .1711HERENNIUS ETKUSCUS.Antoniniani.145. PEINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Apollo seated 1.,holding branch and leaning on his lyre.Obv. Q. HEE. ETE. MES. DECIVSNOB. C. Bust of Herennius radiate anddraped to r. Unpublished. . 1146. PEINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Herenniusstanding 1., holding small staff and spear 26 1holding ..... flower 38 1147. SPES PVBLICA. Spes walking 1., and148. VICTOEIA AVG. Victory walking 1.,holding wreath and palm. Obv. HEEEN.ETEV. MES. Q.V. DECIVS CAESAE.Bust to r., radiate and draped. Unpublished.....TREBONIANTTS GALLUS.14Antoninianus.149. ANNONA AVG. Abundantia standing r.,her foot on prow, and holding rudder andears of corn . . . . .171Carried forward 1 1823One of these is struck over a denarius of Geta ;but the type isnot traceable.

162. Similar, but different obverse legend . 231 3 7FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 45BroughtCohen. No,forward . . . . 1 182150. FE LICITAS PYBLICA. Felicitas standing1., holding caduceus and cornucopias 37 2151. IVNO MAETIALIS. Juno seated L,holding ears of corn and spear. 46 2152. LIBEETAS AVGG. Libertas leaning oncolumn, standing 1., and holding cap and. . . .sceptre .67 1153'. PIETAS AVGG. Pietas, her both handsraised, standing1. before an altar 88 1154. PEOVIDENTIA AVG. Providentia standing1. , holding globe and sceptre. .103 1155. VICTOEIA AYGG. Victory standing 1.,holding wreath and palm. . .128 210VOLTJSIAN.Antoniniani.156. CONCOEDIA AVGG. Concordia seated L,holding patera and double cornucopise. 25 3157. Similar, but Concordia standing1. .20 1VALERIAN I.Antoniniani.158. CONCOEDIA AVGG. Concordia standing1., holding patera and double cornucopise 31 1159. FELICITAS AVGG. Felicitas standing 1.,holding caduceus and cornucopise 55 1160. LIBEEALITAS AVGG. Liberalitas seated1., holding tessera and cornucopise . .108 1101. VICTOEIA AVGG. Victory standing 1.,holding wreath and . .palm. 230 1Carried forward . . . . 203

40 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Brought forward . . . . . .,,. 203GALLIENUS.163. CONCORDIA MILITVM. Concordiastanding 1., holding patera and cornu-Antoniniani.Cohen. No.copise ....... 137 1at thebase of which are seated two Germancaptives ... . 308 16310 2164. GERMANICVS MAX. V. Trophy,165. Similar, but bust to r., and holding sceptreand shield . ....166. PEOVID. AVGG. Providentia standing 1.,holding staff and cornucopise 868 1. . .167. VICT. GERMANICA. Victory standing 1.,her foot on captive, holding wreath and.palm .... 1049 4168. Similar: but king's bust to 1., radiate andholding spear and shield . . . 1047 1169. VICT. GERMANICA. Victory running r.,holding wreath and palm. . . 1053 1170. VICT. GERMANICA. Victory r. ,on globebetween two captives: she holds wreathand trophy. . . . . . 1 062 4171. VIRTVS AVGG. Virtus standing 1., holdingshield and reversed spear. . 1284 1172. VIRTVS AVGG. Gallienus standing r.,holding spear and standard . . . 1309 536SALONIKA.Antoniniani.173. FELICITAS PVBLICA. Felicitas seated1., holding caduceus and cornucopiee. 50 2174. PVDICITIA AVG. Pudicitia seated 1.,. .holding sceptre 98 1175. VENVS FELIX. Venus seated 1., holdingsceptre ; before her, child . . .1151Carried forward . 4 239

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 47Cohen. No.Brought forward 4 239176. VENVS VICTBIX. Venus seated 1.,holding helmet and sceptre; before her,shield. Obv. SALONIKA AVG. Bustto r., diademed, draped and with crescent. 5177. VENYS VICTBIX. Venus standing 1., holdingapple and palm178. VESTA. Vesta standing 1., holding pateraand sceptre ...... 137179. VESTA. Vesta seated 1., holding palladiumand sceptre ...... 142; shield at her side .130 32115SALONTNTJS.Antoniniani i180. IOVI CEESCENTI. Jupiter seated on goatto r 26 14181. PIETAS AVG-. Sacrificial implements. 41 4182. Similar; but Obv. P. LIC. VALEEIANVSCAES 1183. Similar; but Obv. D. N. VALEBIANVSCAES 120VALEHIAN II.Antoniniani.184. DEO VOLEANO. Vulcan standing intemple, holding hammer and pincers. 2 1185. OEIENS AVGG. Sol walking 1., and holdingwhip ...... 6 67POSTUMTJS.Antoniniani.rudder....... 17186. CONCOED AEQVIT. Fortuna, herfoot onprow, standing 1., holding patera and1187. FELICITAS AVG. Felicitas standing 1.,holding caduceus and cornucopise. 39 4Carried forward 5 281

48 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Cohen.Brought forward . . . . 5 281188. FIDES MILITVM. Fides standing 1.,holdingtwo standards. Obv., IMP. 0. POS-TVMVS P. F. AVG. Bust of Emperorr., radiate and draped. . var. 67 1189. HEEC. PACIFEEO. Hercules standing 1.,holding branch and club . . .101190. IOVI VICTOBI. Jupiter walking 1., holdingthunderbolt and sceptre. . .161No.31191. MONETA AVG. Moneta standing 1., holdingscales and . .cornucopiae .199 1.whip ... 213 1215 13192. OEIENS AVG. Sol walking 1., holding193. PAX AVG. Pax standing!,, holding branchand sceptre ......194. Similar ;but PAX walking1. . . .220195. P. M. TE. P. COS. II. P. P. Postumusstanding 1., holding globe and spear. 243 1196. VICTOEIAAVG. Victory walking!., holdingwreath and palm ; captive at her feet .377 1 18CARAUSIUS.Denaiius.197. EXPECTATE VENI, (in exergue) E. S. E.Female figure, Fides (?), holding vexillumin 1. hand and with r.graspingr. hand ofCarausius, who holds spear. Obv. IMP.CAEAVSIVS P. F. AV. Bast of Carausiusto r., laureate, wearing paludamentumand cuirass [PI. III. 8.]. 58 111198. Uncertain denarius .....1301It will be seen from the above descriptions that, withone exception, there is but little of special interestamongst the silver coins. Thetypes are of the most ordi-

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 49nary character, generally representing some divinitywithhis or her attributes; and the hoard is not sufficientlylarge to show the degree of rarity of any particular type.The few varieties which exist consist mainly of slightdifferences in the obverse and reverse types or legends fromthose given by Cohen.These differences have been notedin each case. Thus : Nos. 92 and 105 of Gordian IIIsupply new obverse legends as also do No. 120 of Philip I;and Nos. 182 and 183 of Saloninus. No. 98 of Gordian IIIand No. 188 of Postumus show the head of the Emperorradiate instead of laureate. These last, I think, must beonly mis-descriptions of Cohen. There are only two newvarieties of reverse types: No. 145 of Herennius Etruscusreading PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS for PRINC.IYVENT., and No. 176 of Salonina with Venus Victrixseated instead of standing. The only new typeis thatof Herennius Etruscus, No. 148, with rev. VICTORIAAVGf., and Victory with wreath and palm.The antoniniani of Trajan Decius, Nos. 141 and 142(one specimen), were struck on denarii of Maximinus I andGeta, which shows that at that time the weight of theantoninianus, originally current for about two denarii,had fallen to that of the old denarius. It was, no doubt,this fall in the weight of the antoninianus that causedthe cessation of the issue of the denarius, which wasthen made use of for striking a coin of originally ahigher current value.The antoninianus of Philip I, No. 124, with the legendPAX FVNDATA CVM PERSIS, refers to the treatywhich that emperor had concluded with the Persians afterthe murder of Gordian III, and when by intrigue he inducedthe army to declare himself Emperor. On his returnto Rome, Philip, desirous of obliterating the memory of hisVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. H

50 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.crime and of gaining the goodwill of the people, solemnisedwith infinitepomp and magnificence the secular games,which commemorated the thousandth year of the traditionalfoundation of Rome, and which are referred to onNo. 129 with the legend SAECVLAKES AVGG.By far the most interesting among the silver coins inthis hoard is the denarius of Carausius, which commemorateshis welcome to the shores of Britain in A.D. 286.Unlike the usual currency of this period, the coin is of fairlyfine silver, and of a different denomination from any at thattime issued. In the type of the reverse the female figure,who iswelcoming the Emperor, and addresses him in thethouwords of the legend EXPECTATE YENI (Come,long expected), has usually been considered to be a representationof Britannia ;but considerable uncertainty hasexisted as to the nature of the object which she holds inher left hand. It has been described as a sceptre. Akerman4 thought it was evidently a trident, but RoachSmith 5says " the object held by the female resembles thecaduceus of Felicity." I think there will be no difficultyin proving that the figure was not intended to be a representationof Britannia, and that the object which she holdsis not a caduceus, a trident, or a sceptre. One circumstancealone negatives the interpretation of the figurebeing that of Britannia. It is that the arrival of Carausiusto the shores of Britain was most unexpected and sudden.Though it may have been suspected by theRoman armyquartered in this country, it could not have been generallyknown. The power and influence which Carausius hadgainedover the fleet which was stationed at Gesoriacum45Coins of the Bomans relating to Britain, p. 54.Collectanea Antigua, vol. v., p. 153.

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND KINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 51(Boulogne), and of which he had the chief command,had roused the jealousy of the Emperor Maximian, whoissued an order that he should be put to death. Theshrewd commander, however, anticipated the execution ofthis mandate, and speedily collecting his fleet he crossedthe Channel and landed in Britain, most probably atHutupiae (the modern Richborough),which from itsproximity to Gaul and Germany was the usual portselected for military operations. Carausius appearsto have experienced no difficulty in persuading thelegion and the auxiliaries which guardedthe islandto embrace his cause, and boldly assuming the title ofAugustus, he defied the arms of his injured sovereign. 6The arrival of Carausius in Britain must therefore havebeen very unexpected, thoughit is probablethat someintimation of what was passing on the other side of theChannel had reached the army.These facts are, therefore,against the attribution of the figure to Britannia.As regards the origin of this legend, which is peculiar tothese coins of Carausius, Eckhel 7 has remarked that thegreeting of Carausius finds a parallel in the terms inwhich Yirgil makes Aeneas address the shade of Hector :" Lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima TeucrumQuae tantae tenuere morae ? quibus Hector ab orisExpectate venis ? ut te post multa tuorumFunera, post varies hominumque urbisque laboresDefessi aspicimus ! Aen., lib. ii.,2815.Another uncertainty which exists regarding this andsimilar coins of Carausius is their place of mintage.67Gibbon, Roman Empire, Ed. W. Smith, vol. ii., p. 71.Doct. Num. Vet., vol. viii. 45.

52 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Unlike the so-calledantoniniani of Carausius, which arechiefly composed of copper, they are all of pure or fairlypure silver ; they are of the type of the old denarius, andthey all bear the letters R.S.R. in the exergue on thereverse. At first sight the issue of these coins appears tobe an absolute anomaly ; seeing that at this time in noother part of the whole Roman Empire were coins of thisstandard of metal or denomination struck.That the lettersR.S.R. are the initials of the place of mintage therecan certainly be but little doubt. Most of the gold andcopper or base metal pieces struck by Carausius in Britainbear the mint letters. Thus M.L. (Moneta Londinensis)show that the coins were struck in London, whilst thoseissued at Camulodunum (Colchester) have the initials M.C.(Moneta Camulodunensis). These letters occupy preciselythe same place on the reverse as do the R.S.R. on thesilver coins. Some writers have suggested Rouen (Rotomagus)as their place of mintage, as occasionally specimenshave been found there. De Salis was of opinionthat they were probably struck in London, 8 whilstRoach Smith 9 suggests that they may be of Rutupiaeor Richborough, and he reads the inscription as " Rutupissignata" "struck at Rutupiae." Against thefirst opinion, it may be argued that whatever powerCarausius possessed in Gaul after his assumption ofImperial authority, it was most probably limited to thecoast near Boulogne and the occasional discovery of one;or more of these silver coins at Rouen is no direct evidenceof its being their place of mintage, as a considerablenumber of these pieces have also been unearthed at so8Num. Chron., N.S., vol. vii., p. 57.8Antiquities of Richborovyh, Reculver, and Lymne, p. 136.

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 53many places in England. Against the view of De Salis, theargument would naturally be, that if Carausius placed M.L.on his gold and copper coins to indicate the London mint,he would have used the same letters for his silver coins tomark their place of mintage.A close examination of these silver coins will easilyconvince anyone accustomed to handle Roman coins of thethird century that they are of British workmanship. Thehead of the Emperor on the obverse is similar to that on thegold coins of Carausius struck in London ;and the fabricof the reverse is very like that of the British imitationsThere can thereforeof Roman coins of the same period.be but slight hesitation in deciding these pieces to be ofBritish origin.I am on that account strongly disposed toaccept the view expressed by Roach Smith, and to classthem to Rutupiae. In explaining the meaning of theRoach Smith omitted to take into accountletters R.S.R.,the final letter R. At first sight the letter S may appearto stand for Signata or Sacra, as there are coins of Carausiusand Allectus struck both at London and Colchester,which bearin conjunction with the initial of the mint,L. or C. the letters M.S. or S.M., or S.P., which areusually interpreted as Moneta Signata or Sacra, and Sacraor Signata Pecunia. In fact, there is in the NationalCollection another specimen, but in copper, of the " Expectateveni " type, which has in the exergue the lettersM.S.C., i.e., Moneta Signata or Sacra Camulodunensis. As,however, the letters R.S.R. on the coins of Carausius donot appear toadmit of a similar interpretation, I wouldventure to suggest that they are the initials onlyof themint, and that as Rutupiae was the headquarters ofthe Roman Army in that district, they may stand forStatio Romana.Rutupiae Statwa Romano, or Rutupiae

54 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.The word stativa, meaning a " standing camp " or a" fortified place," was constantly used by Livy, Tacitus,and other Roman authors, and Ammianus Marcellinusdescribes Rutupiae as a Statio. 10 Either epithet wouldwell apply to Richborough. This suggestion leavesample ground for further conjecture, but the attributionof these silver coins to this place of mintagewould materially assist in clearing up two difficult questions.It will account for the solitary re-issue of thedenarii of a fine standard of metal after a lapse of somany years, and it will also explain the origin of nearlyall the types of the coins which bear the mint-markR.S.R.During the whole of the Roman occupation of Britain,Rutupiae was an important military place, being selectedchiefly on account of its good harbour, which has nowquite disappeared. It was at this spot that Julius Caesareffected his firstlanding ; but not without losing anumber of his ships, as a heavy galecaused them to missthe harbour, and drove them on to the rocks. Fromits proximity to Gaul and Germany, Rutupiae soon becamethe chief port selected for military and commercial intercoursebetween Britain and those countries. The Itineraryof Antoninus tells us that it was situated 450 stadia fromGesoriacum ;and as the distance to no other portin Britain is mentioned, it would almost appear as ifthis was the chief line of communication between Gauland Britain. The route taken by Caesar was most probablyfollowed by other Roman commanders during thefirst and second centuries. And we know that it was10Ees Gest., xxvii., 8, 6.tranquillam."" Rutupias, stationem ex adverse

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 55chosen by Constantius Chlorus when he came over toattack Allectus after the death of Carausius, and subsequentlyby Lupicinus and Theodosius, the generals ofJulian and Yalens. In addition, Rutupiae was in adirect line of communication by road with London, andthence with Chester, York, and Northern Britain. Butwhat made Rutupiae of still greater importance was, thatit was one of the chief military stations of the Romanarmy. During the first and second centuries a portion ofthe 2nd Legion was quartered there ;but the coins ofCarausius tell us that, when he proclaimed himselfemperor, it was occupied by the 4th Legion, since one ofthe silver coins with R.S.R. bears the legend, LEG. IIII.FYL (Legio IY. Fulvia). Naturally this large militarydepot must have attracted a considerable civil population,probably of a somewhat mixed character, seeing thatRutupiae was in close commercial relation with Germany.Now it is clear, from finds of coins which have recentlybeen unearthed, that, in spite of the debased state ofthe Roman money at this particular period, there was stilla considerable currency of the purer silver coins, whichhad been issued before the debasement took place. Thisis shown by the hoard recently described in the pages ofthe Numismatic Chronicle by our President n ;and it isalso proved, but to a lesser degree, by the Sully find, inwhich therewas not a single piece of the more debasedmoney. It is also known that Germanynever wouldaccept the base Roman money ; but adhered exclusivelyto a silver Roman currency, until it struck its own coinagein that metal. If we accept these conditions, we have nodifficulty in ascertaining why Carausius issued these coinsof pure silver, and of the standard and type of the former11Ser. iii., vol. xviii. 126.

56 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.denarius. It was a purely military coinage to pass incurrency with the denarius still in circulation both hereand on the Continent. By choosing the type of thedenarius, Carausius copied a coin which had not beendebased like the antoninianus, and which would not beconfused with the latter piece. The denarius most commonin currency at that time was that of Severus Alexander,and if an analysis were made of the silvercoins ofCarausius, there is little doubt but that it would closelytally with that of the coins of the earlier emperor. Whatalso proves these coins to be a military issue is the natureof their types. That of " Felicitas " and a ship refers tothe journey of Carausius from Gesoriacum to Britain ;those of " Adventus Aug." and a horseman and of;" Expectate veni," and a figure greeting the emperor to hisarrival here ;those of " Concordia Milit." and two handsjoined, and "Fides Milit." with Fides holding a standardto the goodwill and confidence of the Eoman troops here,and lastly, that with " Leg. IIII. Ful." and a lion, thesymbol of this legion, is an actual record of the legionthen stationed in this district. There are others of moregeneral types, some of which are personal to the emperor ;and these, and all the other types mentioned, have the mintletters K.S.E. The military character of this issuefurnishes us with the clue for ascertaining of whom is thefigure on the reverse of the " Expectate Veni " piece,which welcomes the emperor. It is not Britannia but" Fides Militum," and the object which she holds is not asceptre or a caduceus, but her usual attribute, a standard,and in this particular instance the vexillum. The draperyat the top of the standard is only represented in bareoutline, and is not clearly traceable except on very wellpreservedspecimens, such as that which occurred in the

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 57Sully hoard. As it has been noted, the army was probablyaware of what was passing on the other side of theChannel ;so that the arrival of Carausius, though, perhaps,unknown generally, had been for some days eagerlyexpected by the army, and the hearty welcome of thetroops co-operating with the goodwill of the fleet wasprobably one of the chief causes which induced Carausiusto proclaim himself emperor.It ishoped that the foregoing remarks will have thrownsome light on the origin and the cause of this exceptionalissue of silver denarii by Carausius ;but I regretthat no better solution has, so far, suggested itself tome as to the meaning of the mint letters. However,having ascertained the origin of these coins, it is not improbablethat, if the suggestion offered is not consideredsound, this point also will be more satisfactorily solved.Let us now turn to the gold coins which occurred inthe hoard, some of which are of considerable interest.The first pieceDiocletian, or asto be noticed is the double aureus ofsuch pieces are more commonly called,the medallion. Coins of this denomination are ofextreme rarity. There was not a single specimen eitherin the Ponton d'Amecourt collection, nor in that of thelate Mr. Montagu, both of which were extremely rich ingold coins of the reign of Diocletian. Also Cohenhas described only two examples. The coin fromthe Sully hoard is unique. It bears on the obversethe older portrait of Diocletian, which is not found on hismoney before A.D. 295, when the great re-coinage tookplace, and the reverse type is clearly a record of the longseries of brilliant achievements which had happenedduring his reign. The chief of these were the defeat ofAllectus in Britain, the repulse of the Alemanni inTOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. I

58 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Gaul, the rout ofthe Mauretanian hordes by Maximian,the abject submission of allEgypt to Diocletian, and inthe East the defeat by Galerius of the Armenians, and thesubmission of Persia.These great victories were completedwhen Diocletian entered upon the twentieth year of hisreign in A.D. 303, and the games common at each decennialperiod were combined with a triumph, the most gorgeouswhich Rome had witnessed since the days of Aurelian.Gibbon 12 says : " Africa and Britain, the Rhine, theDanube and the Nile furnished their respective trophies ;but the most distinguished ornament was of a moresingular nature, a Persian victory followed by an importantconquest. The representations of rivers, mountains,and provinces were carried before the Imperial car. Theimages of the captive wives, the sisters, and the childrenof the Great King afforded a new and gratefulspectacleto the vanity of the people. In the eyes of posterity,a distinction of a lessthis triumph is remarkable byhonourable kind. It was the last triumph that Rome everbeheld."It was, therefore, on this occasion that this coinwas struck, and its unusual size was a fitting record ofso remarkable an event. The whole spirit of the reversetypeshows that it must refer to such an occasion.Victory holding the world in her hands offers it freely tothe Emperor, who is represented in his favourite personificationof Jupiter. His whole attitude is one of repose.His foot is placed on the back of an Eastern captive ; inhis right hand he holds the thunderbolt, resting his armon his knee, and with his left hand he leans on a sceptre.2Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. W. Smith,vol. ii., p. 89.

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 59It is also an attitude of supreme power.The legend, too,tells us, that the great victories recently won were to bringeverlasting happiness to the Emperors and to the Empire,a prophecy which was not to be fulfilled ;as shortly afterwardsDiocletian resigned and the Empire was tornasunder by rival claimants to the purple. Of the twoother double aurei which are known, one has the figureof Victory standing on a globe, evidently a record of thesame events as our piece. It was also struck at Rome.The other, struck atAntioch, commemorates Diocletian'selection to the Consulship for the sixth time in A.D. 296.The other gold coin of Diocletian is an aureus of theusual reverse type ofthe Emperor represented as Jupiterthe Preserver. This piece is of some importance, as itbears on the reverse the initials of the Roman mint,which are wanting on a similar coin alreadyin theBritish Museum, but which had been attributed from itsfabric to that mint. The lowness of relief and the styleof the portrait show that this coin belongs to the earlierperiod of Diocletian's reign, and was therefore struck beforethe re-coinage of A.D. 295. The gold coins of Diocletianand Maximian, struck after A.D. 295, can easily bedistinguished from those issued before that date. Theformer have the types generally, but more especially thehead or bust of the Emperor, in very high relief, and theflan is smaller and thicker.The first two coins of Maximian in the list are ofprecisely the same type as the preceding pieceof Diocletian,except tfyat the head of the Emperorwith a radiate crown. Nearly all the goldis adornedcoins ofMaximian struck before A.D. 295 represent the Emperor'shead laureate. The issue of these two coins was contemporarywith that of the similar piece of Diocletian ;but

60 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.one of them emanated from the mint at Rome, whilst theother was struck at Thessalonica. The similarity offabric of the coins of these two mints, which were at sucha distance apart, isvery remarkable, more especiallywith respect to the portrait of the Emperor. It rathersuggests that at this particular period, when the localmints were still in their infancy, and were striking coinsof purely Roman types and standard, the dies were preparedat the central mint at Rome, and thence transferredto the local centres. Otherwise it would be difficultto account for this minute similarity.The subjectis, however, too far-reaching for us to consider at thismoment. It will require a most minute examination ofall the coins of the imperial world struck at this andat later times.Taking the coins of Maximian in their chronologicalorder, the next piece to be noticed is the aureus, No. 6,with the reverse type of Hercules stranglingthe Nemeanlion. This piece is of much interest, for its obverse aswell as its reverse type. Though Maximian on hisaccession tothe purple adopted the cognomen Herculius,as Diocletian did that of Jovius, he did not, like the latter,represent himself in the guise of his favourite divinityon his gold coins before A.D. 295, except in this one instance.All his other types are complimentaryto hiscolleague Diocletian, as they consist of some representa-be noticedtion of Jupiter. On the other hand, it maythat during this period, A.D. 285-295, Diocletian did notpay the same compliment to his colleague by placingthe figure of Hercules on his coins. It is quite possiblethat Diocletian, as the senior emperor, may have consideredthat he had a prior right in selecting the typesfor the money. The obverse typeis remarkable,as it

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 61shows the Emperor in full armour, holding one spear inhis right hand and two spears and a shield in his left.He is in full attire as a general of his army, saving thehelmet. This is one of the very few instances of Maximianbeing represented half-length on his coins, and showinghis hands and arms. On his medallions we often seehim in half-length holding his horse and shield, or withsceptre, or with sceptre and shield but these were;medals,and with these the engraver always took greater licensein representing the portrait of his emperor. The obverseand reverse types of the coin, taken in conjunction withthe legend" Virtus Maximiani Aug./' undoubtedly commemoratethe successful military expeditions of Maximian,more especially those against the Gauls and the Mauretanians.On the obverse he is shown as the successfulgeneral, and on the reverse in the characterof Herculesstrangling the lion i.e. ; destroying the enemies of theempire. The inscriptions on both sides testifyto the valourfor which Maximian was noted from his youngest days.The remaining two gold coins of Maximian in thehoard, Nos. 5 and 7, belong to the later period of hisreign, viz., after A.D. 295. The bust of the Emperor, andalso the reverse type, are in high relief. No. 7, with arepresentation of Hercules seizing the stag of Ceryneia,is probably the earlier of the two pieces ; as this type isfound on coins of Diocletian, which must have been issuedbefore A.D. 305, the year of his resignation. After A.D.295 Maximian's coins generally exhibit him in thecharacter of Hercules, which was, as we have noted, exceptionalprevious to that date. This typeothers representing the laboursof Hercules have no particularhistorical importance.and severalThey appear only generallyto relate to the bravery shown by the Emperorat all

62 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.times.The other labours of Hercules figured on the coinsof Maximian are the slaying of the Nemean lion as above,the fight against the Lernean hydra, the capture of theErymanthian boar, the procuring of the golden apples ofthe Hesperides, and the taking of Cerberus. Besidesthese, there are numerous other representations of Herculesnot immediately referring to his labours.The other coin of Maximian, No. 5 in the list, affordsan opportunity for correcting an error by Cohen relatingto its date of issue, which that writer, on account of thelegend on the reverse, " P. M. TR. P.P./' puts to A.D. 286,the first regnal year of Maximian. The style of the headof the Emperor on this coin shows that it must be ascribedat least after A.D. 295. If we take theto a later date,inscription on the reverse as recording the first year of theTribunitian power, the figure standing surrounded bystandards, to whom it would apply, cannot be intended forthat of the Emperor,but one of his associates in theEmpire, whether as Caesar or as Augustus. Maximian'sdates are : Caes. A.D. 285; Aug., A.D. 286 ;Abd. A.D. 305;Rest. A.D. 306 ;Abd. (second time) A.D. 308 ;Rest, (secondtime) A.D. 309; D. A.D. 310.Setting aside Diocletian, who was declared Augustus inA.D. 284, the dates of Maximian's colleagues were :Constantius I

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 63once omit Constant! as I and Galerius, and as the firsttribunitian years of Severus and Maximinus II both fellin the year A.D. 305, when Maximian' s first abdicationoccurred, they may be passed over also. We have thusremaining Maxentius, Licinius I, and Constantine I. Ofthese Licinius I was the nominee of Galerius, and ConstantineI was appointed by his father, Constantius I,his successor. Maxentius, on the other hand, was a son ofMaximian Herculius, but had been set aside in A.D. 305,some doubts having been expressed respecting his legitimacy.However, in the following year, A.D. 306, thesescruples appear to have been overlooked and he wascreated Augustus. As it was in this year, too, thatMaximian resumed the Imperial power,itmay be concludedthat the figure on the reverse of this coin ofMaximian, No. 5, is that of Maxentius, and that it wasissued in A.D. 306. As this would make this coin thelatest one in the hoard, and as it is in an excellentstate of preservation, it gives us the approximate date ofits burial, which was probably between A.D. 306 andA.D. 310.The following is a description of the rings which werefound in the hoard :1. Gold ring with angular-shaped hoop of foliate design,narrowest at the back and expanding at theshoulders ;the bezel octagonal and set with anunengraved nieolo. Diam., 1*04 in. L. of bez.,58 in.2. Gold ring of similar shape, the hoop plain at the back ;the bezel, an oval raised setting with scallopedborder, containing an onyx cameo representing afemale head, Medusa, (?) facing, of somewhatcoarse workmanship. Diam., -92 in. L. of bez.,52 in.[PI. III. 9.]

64" NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.3. Gold ring of similar form, the back of the hoop plainand engraved with two parallel lines, the shoulderspierced. The bezel is a raised setting, now ofirregular outline, from which the stone is lost.Diam., I'O in. L. ofbez., '58 in.[PL III. 10.]4. Gold ring with angular hoop and shoulders moulded inbold relief. The bezel is rectangular and engravedin intaglio with a cock to 1. Diam.,1-0 in. L. of bez., '34 in. [PL III. 11.]All these rings are of the usual forms of Roman rings,which have been hithertoascribed to the second half ofthe third century A.D., and the discovery of the Sullyhoard shows that their date had been correctly fixed.Nos. 1-3 are practically of the same design and form.They are all angular in shape, and only differ in the bezelsand in the ornamentation of the shoulders which supportthe bezels. No. 3 varies in having the shoulders pierced.Of No. 1 the shoulders are almost plain, while No. 2 is anintermediate type. On No. 1 the stone in the bezel isplain without any design, but on No. 2 there is a goodexample of the cameo-cutter's art of the third century ;but it is not of very high merit for its style or workmanship,a characteristic of most of the gems of that period.No. 4 differs considerably from the others in having theshoulders narrow, and in being moulded in high relief.The bezel, too, is of the same material as the rest of thering, and the representation of the cock is of somewhatrude design. It is scarcely probable that these rings wereof local fabrication. The illustrations in the plate give afair idea of their style and form. By the discovery ofthese rings in this hoard their date of manufacture can befixed within the limit of a few years. As already stated,the date of issue of the latest coin was about A.D. 306 ;andif we take into consideration the condition of the rings,

FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 65which, show a certain amount of wear, we shall not be farout in ascribing their manufacture to about twenty yearsbefore their concealment with the rest of the treasure.It is needless to speculate on the circumstances whichled to the burial of this hoard. The presence of a skullnear the spot affords no clue, as it was probably in no wayconnected with the treasure. The hoard, which was ofconsiderable value at the time, was evidently buried by aprivate individual, who from unforeseen circumstancesfailed to unearth his property, and so it remained concealedfor close upon sixteen centuries. Its discovery has notbeen without some benefit to archaeology, both numismaticallyand otherwise.H.A. GRUEBER.VOL. XX.THIRD SERIES.

III.ECGBERHT, KING OF THE WEST SAXONS AND THEKENT MEN, AND HIS COINS.THE mutual dependence of numismatics and history isillustrated by many famous papersin the NumismaticChronicle, in which historical problems have been illuminatedby the use of coins. Having paid some attentionto the very obscure period of our history covered by thetime between the reign of Offa and that of Alfred, onwhich the numismatic discoveries of recent years havethrown some light, I have ventured to put together amemoir on the reign of Ecgberht, in the hope that it maybe acceptable, especiallyasit contains some new, or at allevents some unconventional, views about him.One great difficulty in writing upon Ecgberhtis theunsatisfactory character of the chief authorityfor hisreign, namely, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which duringthis period, as at an earlier stage, is full of doubtfulstatements, and pervaded by an impossible chronology,proving it to have been compiled long after the events.The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in my view, is a translationand not an original composition. Like the similarannals composed on the Continent at the same period,it was, I believe, composed in Latin, and was afterwardstranslated into the vernacular.The Latin original of the earlier part of the Chroniclewas, I imagine, composed during the reign of Alfred,

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 67and it seems to me there are cogent reasons for attributingits composition to Asser, the biographer ofAlfred, a view I have not seen mentioned elsewhere,but which seems to me, for several reasons, very probable.Asser's master was a king of the West Saxons, and theWest Saxons had had a very discontinuous history, inwhich the ruling house belongedfirstto one and then toanother foreign stock, while its annals were anything butheroic.Asser had to construct a story which should do duehonour to the predecessors of his patron, and had furtherto give him an ancestry connecting him, if possible,with the traditional kings of early Wessex history, andhe did so by giving him a pedigree which seems to meto be quite artificial and manufactured. He says:" Aelfred rex films Aethelwulfi regis ; qui fuit Ecgberthi; qui fuit Ealhmundi ; qui fuit Eafa ; qui fuitEowwa ; qui fuit In gild : Ingild et Ine, ille famosusOccidentalium rex Saxonum, germani duo fuerunt."The same story, as I believe, by the same hand, is toldin regard to the ancestry of Aethelwulf in the A.-S.C.under the year 855.This genealogy is,it seems to me, a clumsy attempt toconnect the stock of Alfred with that of Ine, the oldKing of Wessex. Ine's brother Ingild was, I believe,entirely an invention of Asser. He isonly oncementioned in history, namely, in that most unsatisfactorydocument, the A.-S.C., which I believe, as Isaid, came from the same hand and which, underthe" year 718, says, This year Ingild, the brotherof Ine, died." Now the A.-S.C., down to the timewhen Bede stops,is a mere compilation from Bede, andthe few additions which it contains seem all, or nearlyall, to be doubtful and valueless. Bede, who was the

68 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.very man to have told us of Ine's brother if he had everexisted, knows nothing whatever of him ;but what ismore striking, and in fact conclusive, is that his namenowhere occurs as a witness to the charters of Ine. Itseems to me quite plain that he was an invention ofAsser, meant to bridge over a gap in the genealogy.The son and grandson of Ingild, Eowa and Eafa, ap-bear names which are forms of the same name.parentlyThey are absolutely unknown to history, and, so far as Iknow, occur nowhere as witnesses to Anglo-Saxon charters,and their names are Anglian in form. Similar names occuras moneyers on Anglo-Saxon coins, and it was possiblyfrom such a source that they were derived by Asser. Icannot attach any value to them whatever, and look uponthem as inventions of the fabricator of the pedigree.The next name in the list, namely, Ealhmund, is entirelydifferent. I have no doubt it represents a realperson, and that real person was the father of Ecgberht ;but it is plain he was not a Wessex man, and had nothingto do with "Wessex. No such name occurs in the Wessexcharters, and it is quite foreignto the old names in thatdistrict. On the other hand, it is quite plainly a Kentishname, and he was looked upon as a Kent man by thewriters who refer to him, and both Ecgberht and Ealhmund,which are names foreign to the name- lists ofWessex, occur among the royal names of Kent.Not onlyso. If we turn to the late Latin edition of theA.-S.C. known as Codex F, we find, under the year 784, amarginal note in a later hand, partly in Latin and partlyin Saxon, as follows " : Hie time temporisfuit in Cantia rexEalJtmundus. Thes Ealhmund ring was Eglerhtes feeder.Eyberht was A dhulfes feeder"It was apparently from Codex F that a marginator in

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 69Codex A inserted in his copy of the Chronicle the phrase," To thy san titnan rixode Ealhmund cing innon Cent."These notices are no doubt very late, and we canprobably trace them to a charter numbered 243 by Birch 1and MX1IL by Kemble. 2 This is a grant dated in 784,by which Ealhmund, King of Kent, makes over someland at Seilduuic, or Sheldwich, in Kent, to Hwitred,the abbot, and the monastery at Reculver, and it is confirmedand assented to by Jaenberht, Archbishop ofCanterbury.It is plain that the marginators of the two copies ofthe Chronicle above named identified Ealhmund, thefather of Ecgberht, with the Ealhmund, King of Kent,mentioned in the charter in 784. This is the onlycharter in which Ealhmund occurs as king, nor do wefind him named elsewhere as king, nor did he strike anycoins, and he was no doubt a dependant merely of Offa ofMercia.Three persons of his name occur as witnesses tothe charters of the Kings of Mercia. One signs as Abbas,another was Bishop of Winchester, and a third maypossibly have been the same as the Ealhmund, Kingof Kent, of the above cited charter. In 748, 749, 755-57,i.e., in the reign of Aethelbald, Ealhmund or Alhmundsigns without any descriptive epithet. This was possiblysome other person. In 774 we have the signature Ealhmunddux (i.e., Ealdorman), in 792 id., 794 id., 796 id. yall during the reigns of Offa and Ecgfryth, and lastlythat of Ealhmund princeps in the year 801 in a charter ofBeorhtric, King of Wessex.I may add that an Eanmund, King of Kent, who is12Cartularium Saxonicum.Cod. Dip.

70 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.otherwise unnamed, confirms a charter of Sigered, Kingof Kent, to Bishop Earduulf, in the presence of bothArchbishop Bregowin and Archbishop Jaenberht (Birch,194).This Eanmund may possibly be the same person.This is, however, doubtful ;what does not seem doubtfulis that, as Mr. Plummer has urged, if Ecgberht was theson of a Kentish King Ealhmund, it is impossible tocredit the earlierpedigree deriving him from Ingild, forthe Kings of Kent had a very clear and proud descentof their own from much more famous people than theearly rulers of Wessex, and would not have tolerated ausurpation by an obscure stock like that of Ingild. Itisperfectly plain, in fact, that the pedigree of Aethelwulfas given in the A.-S.C. and by Asser is quite spurious.Let us, however, return to Ecgberht.As we have seen,the marginators of the Chronicle make him the son ofEalhmund, King ofKent, and therefore a Kent man andnot a Wessex man ;and if so, he was really a foreignerin the latter country, and had no direct claim to descentfrom the Early Wessex Kings. The view that he did sobelong to the Royal family of Kent is supported by otherfacts.As we shall see presently, the A.-S.C., in describingthe conquest of Kent and itsdependent districts fromBaldred, speaks of them as " having formerly been unjustlyforced from his kin '' from (i.e., Ecgberht's). Thisclearly points to Ecgberht having, in the eyes of thechronicler, belonged to the old stock of the Kings of Kent.Henry of Huntingdon, the rhetorical embellisher of thechronicler, glosses this phrase by the explanation thatEadberht Praen, who was thus displaced, was Ecgberht'spropinquus.

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 71This takes us on to another conclusion of a morenumismatic nature, and to the consideration of some coinswhose real meaning has been hitherto misunderstood.These coins are very scarce, and only two types are known.Their fabric, etc., clearly points them out as Kentishcoins, and they have always been so treated. On theobverse we read Ecgberht with Re (Rex) in the centre,while on the reverse is the name of the moneyer. Twomoneyers are known on these coins, Babba and Ydd, bothof whom occur on the coins of Offa, and the former onthe coins of his successor, Coenwulf, while Babba alsooccurs on the coins of Eadberht Praen, who ruled inKent in 796-798. It seems to me as plain as possiblethat the Ecgberht of these coins was no other than theEcgberht son of Ealhmund, King of Kent, alreadynamed. The date as fixed by the moneyers is absolutelyconsistent with this view. In the catalogue of theAnglo-Saxon coins in the British Museum, vol. i, p. 67,Mr. Keary, in discussing these coins, adds a note to theeffect that " the Ecgberht of the coins justnamed wasformerly supposed to be the son of Offa, who reigned forabout six months in 796." But this statement is foundedon a mistake. The son of Offa in question was notcalled Ecgberht at all, but Ecgfryth.The moneyers' names point to the coins just named ashaving been struck near the end of Offa's reign and thewhile their great scarcity showsbeginning of Coenwulf s,that they were only struck for a short time. It is notimprobable that it was the fact of Ecgberht strikingthese coins which made the Mercian King expatriate him.Let us now turn to this expatriation.In the A.-S.C., under the year 836, we have the wellknownstatement about Ecgberht in these words": Before

72 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.he was king, Offa King of the Mercians, and BeorhtricKing of the West Saxons drove him out of England intoFrance for three years." There is not a word here abouthis having been driven out of Wessex, and if he had beenin Wessex at the time it is not easy to see why Offa orany other Mercian king should have intervened, or ratherbeen the chief person in driving him out, while Beorhtricmerely assisted him, for Beorhtric was King of Wessex.On the other hand, Offa and his family had great pretensionsto rule Kent, and he did in fact conquer it, andput his own proteges on the throne. When Ecgberht,therefore, was driven out of England and had to seekrefuge in France, it was not as a regulus or prince ofWessex, but as a prince of Kent. Inasmuch as both theKings of Mercia and of Wessex united to drive him out,he must have exercised considerable power there, and itseems exceedingly probable that he was, in fact,Kent after his father.Let us now turn to the date of this expatriation.King ofHere Ibelieve the Chronicle to be, as in somany other cases, veryuntrustworthy, and it is certainly inconsistent with itself.It makes Ecgberht to be expatriated some time betweenthe marriage of Beorhtric, which it dates in 787 (or whencorrected, 789), and the death of Offa in 796, but in a laterpassage it makes Ecgberht return home again after thedeath of Beorhtric in 802, and yet only after an absenceof three years.To cure the mistake Lappenberg suggestedthat we ought to read thirteen years instead of three in thepassage, but this is quite arbitrary.more probable thatIt seems to me muchthe chronicler has mistaken the nameof the Mercian King. It is not probable that Ecgberhtwould have revolted and set up authority in Kent duringthe reign of the famous and all-powerful Offa, but it is

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 73more probable that, like Eadberht Praen, he would do soon the death of that ruler, and during the time of difficultywhich followed the premature death of Ecgfryth, Offa'sson.In that case the Mercian King, who was in alliancewith Beorhtric, was not Offa but Coenwulf. EadberhtPraen's usurpation took place in 796-798, and it seems notunlikely that Ecgberht's took place in 798 or 799, and thiswould make it possible for him to return in 802 and yetbe away only three years as the Chronicle says,and if sowe must put the coins we have described at the very closeof the eighth century.When Ecgberht fled from England he went to the courtof Charlemagne, the friend and correspondent of Offa,who would not be very likely to receive an open enemy ofhis, but who doubtless looked upon Coenwulf or Kenulf asa usurper, and Charlemagne was certainly pleased enoughto have such an important personage at his court to use ifoccasion required against the English.Of his doings atthe Frankish Court we read nothing in our Englishhistories, but I believe myself that he became one ofCharlemagne's principal Paladins, and that his role on theContinent has been entirely overlooked and mistaken.The name of Ecgberht is quite peculiar to these islands ;was, so far as I know, quite unknown on the Continent, andwas quite unused in Continental Saxony, Old Saxony as itwas called. Now it is a very remarkable fact that duringthe very time when it would seem our Ecgberht was afugitive beyond the Channel at Charlemagne's court, thatEmperor selected an Egbert as his locum tenens beyondthe Rhine among the Saxons, who had been his ruthlessenemies. It is most improbable that he would havetrusted him as he did if he had been a Continental Saxon.He is especially mentioned in the year 809, when we areVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.L

74 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.told in Eginhardt's Annals, &c., that after the Emperor hadselected a site for a new city on the Danish March, at aplace called Esesfelth, on the River Stur, it was takenpossessionof by Egbert and the Saxon Counts, and wasfortified. (See Eginhardt's Ann., Enhard's Ann. Fuld.,and Ann. Max. sttb ann.}In the year 811 Egbertisspecially named among thetwelve counts who were nominated by Charlemagne tonegotiate about the Danish frontier with an equal numberof Danes. According to the later writers, he married St.Ida, and became the father of a certain Warinus. Thus inthe Translatio S. Pminnce, 2 Ser. ii., 681-682, Wilmans'Kaizerurkuwden, etc., I., 542, we read, Warinus, nobilissimogenere propagatus ; Juit enim genitus Echberto, clarissimocomite et duce, matre splendidissima nomine Ida.Again, in thelife of St. Ida, written in 980-983, we read (Ib. p. 471/.),u ubi tune inter alios orientis proceres, prsefectus quidamEccebertus nomine advenisse diciturErat enim praedictoaugusto, pro invictse constantiae et prudentise praeconiis,non mediocriter acceptus. . .praccellentissimisui comitis. . illustris vir Ecbertus .... deditqueilli in eisdempartibus multas possessiones de puplico, quatenus vicinioripotentia soceris acceptior factus, non minori apud illosquam in genitali solo prsecelleret dignitate. Insuper etiamcunctis Saxonibus, qui inter Hrenum et Wisaram maximaflumina inhabitant, ducem praefecit. . . ad locum quendamsccns Lippiam faimen, qui Saxonica lingua Hirutfeld nuncupatur,amoenis nemoribus consitum . . . Ad ilium namquedicatumlocum, qui est in pago Drehni in Lippiee ripa fluminis,nonnulla illustris viri Ecberti prsedia respiciebant.J>Whatever the value of these later stories, which are doubtlessexaggerated, it seems to me that the probabilities arevery great indeed that the Count Egbert of Charlemagne's

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 75historians was the same person as the expatriated Kentishprince of whom we are writing.Let us now return again to England. No period ofEnglish history seems so obscure as that generallyassigned to the reign of Ecgberht, King of Wessex, andnowhere is that most unsatisfactory document, the A.-S.C.,more unsatisfactory.According to that document, he returned to Englandin 800 (to be corrected to 802), on the death of Beorhtric,and it is possiblehe did come temporarily, but only, as Ithink, temporarily, and there were reasons of a privatekind which would induce him to visit the country, for hehad estates in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Theformer he speaks of as terra quam precessores mei atquepropinqui jure michi hereditario possidendam reliquerunt(Birch, 389), and it is not improbable that he derivedthem from some of his female ancestors. His son Aethelwulf,as we all know, married a daughter of a grandeeof the Isle of Wight, who is described by Asser as ofJutish descent, pointing to some family ties with thedistrict. Whether he returned in 802 or not, it wouldseem that he did not then return here as King, nor remainhere, for we neither find him granting any charters, norfind any mention of his name again until the year 813,which ought to be corrected to 815, when we read thatKing Ecgberht laid waste West Wales from eastwardsto westwards.This description has been generally accepted as referringto Cornwall. It is supported by an entry in acharter of Dunstan's, first publishedin the AnecdotaOxoniensia, in which we are told that " ithappened thatthe West Welsh rose against King Ecgberht. The Kingwent thither, and gave a tenth part of the land (to God),

76 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.and disposed of it as it seemed fit."We again have towait some years without a reference to Ecgberht or to thename of Wessex in the Chronicle.In the year 821, we read in the Chronicle that Ceolwulfwas deprived of his kingdom, i.e., of Mercia, and the nextyear we read that two ealdormen, Burghelm and Muca,were slain, possibly in the civil strife which followed.Upto this time we do not find any evidences of Ecgberhtexercising royal authority in Wessex, and I am disposedto believe that, for the greater part of the time, he wasabroad, and living at the Carlovingian Court, as I havealready suggested, and that, during the reigns of Coenwulf,who was a masterful and warlike ruler, and of Ceolwulf, hedid not raise pretensionsto the crown. We now findhim very active everywhere, and exercising royal authority.The year in which this activity beginsis 823, whichought to be corrected to 825.It is surely very remarkable that, with the exception ofthe ravaging of Cornwall just mentioned, there is not asingle fact mentioned about Wessex and its ruler fromhis supposed accession in 802 till the year 825. It isequally remarkable that after this date Ecgberht andWessex occur continuously in the Chronicle until thatking's death.A more important fact, however, than any contained inthe A.-S.C. at this date, when its chronology, etc., are sounsatisfactory, is that not a singlecharter or documentgranted or conferred by Ecgberht is known until the year824 or 825, after which several occur. This fact is in itselfalmost conclusive thatEcgberht's reign over Wessex hasbeen entirely misunderstood. It would appear, indeed,that until the Battle of Ellandune, Wessex was subject toMercia, and we actually have grants of land in Berkshire

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 77to the abbey of Abingdon by the King of Mercia duringthe first quarter of the 9th century, in which no mentionof Ecgberht or any other independent ruler of Wessexoccurs, and Berkshire was a focus of the "Wessex Kingdomand the birthplace of Alfred. It is exceedingly probablethat during the first quarter of that century Ecgberhtwas, as I have said, largely abroad at the Court of theCarlovingian ruler, and that when he was in England hewas not there as King of Wessex, but as a dependant ofthe Mercian king. This seems to me to explain what hasbeen a puzzle to some enquirers. In several of Ecgberht'scharters we have an enigmatical phrase. Inthe dating of these charters we read: Anno dom. in.DCCCXXVI, Indictione IIII. anno Ecgbergti regisXXIIII. ducatus autem sui XIIIL (Birch, 390, 391,and 393). This method of dating seems to point tosomething important which happened in Ecgberht' s careerin the year 812 or 813, and I take it that this datecoincides perhaps with his return from the Continent,when he perhaps acquired and adopted the title of Dux (adate roughly answering to that of the death of his patron,Charlemagne), while he dated his regnal years arbitrarilyfrom the death of the lastKing of "Wessex. Now it isvery curious that an Ecgberht, who styles himself Dux,signs the Acts of the Council of Clofesho, held on the30th of October, 824, which is also signed by Beornwulf,king of the Mercians, and the Southern bishops.He also signs as Dux the record of the quarrel of ArchbishopWulfred and King Beornwulf, of Mercia, and of theirfinal settlement (Birch, 378, 379, and 384).I would suggest that until the year 825 Ecgberht, whenhe happened to be in England, was not there asKing ofWessex at all, but as a dux, i.e., doubtless an ealdorman,

78 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.or perhaps a reeve, one of several under the Mercian King,and that the " ducatus " to which he refers was in fact thedignity held by him as dux. This would account for a greatmany puzzles in the story, and is surely a better explanationthan Mr. Plummer's, who would translate Ducatus by Bretwaldadom.The Bretwalda was a personage of pan-Anglianimportance, and in 813 Ecgberht was almost an unknownman in these realms ; besides, he is only one of severalduces mentioned in charters at this time.Let us proceed.It would seem from several hints thatEcgberht' s command or dominium, whatever its exactnature, was at first chiefly exercised in the western part ofWessex.Under the year 823 (which ought to be corrected to825) in the Chronicle we read that there was a battlebetween the Welsh and the men of Devon at Gafulford.In this battle Ecgberht apparently commanded theEnglish, for although the fact is not so stated in theA.-S.C., two charters, as Mr. Plummer has pointed out,were drawn up," quando Ecgbergtus rex exercitumGewissorum movit contra Brettones " (Birch, 390).These charters are otherwise dated August 19th, 825.Gafulford is no doubt Galford, in South Devon. Thisvictory of Ecgberht'shas been considered as the finalsubjugation of the West Welsh of Devon and Cornwall,who thenceforward became incorporated in Wessex, andthe way in which it is described perhaps points to Devonhaving been the special ducatus of Ecgberht.According to the Chronicle, the victory over the WestWelsh was followed in the same year by another gainedby Ecgberht over the Mercian King Beornwulf atEllandune, in which there was a great slaughter.Thesituation of Ellandune is doubtful. There is an "Ellandune

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 79with Allington" near Amesbury. On the other hand,crosses theWroughton, situated where the RidgewayErmin Street, is also called Ellingdon, and was known asElendune in Domesday. Each of these sites has beenadvocated (Plummer ii., 70 and 71), but the former seemsthe more probable. Ethelwerd tells us that in this fightHun, "dux*' of the province of the Sumersaetas, waskilled. As Hun signs charters in 82ti (Birch, 377,390-392, 398), either the date in the Chronicle is wrong,or Ethelwerd was mistaken. It would seem probablethat the date in the Chronicle is in fact wrong and shouldprobably be 826, in which year William of Malmesburyputs the fight. This is more likely than that, afterdefeating the West Welsh in the autumn of 825, Ecgberhtshould have been able to defeat the Mercians the sameyear, and I would suggest that Ecgberht in fact usurpedabsolute authority in 825, when his first charters occur, anddefeated the Mercians at Ellandune the year following.After mentioning the victory of Ecgberht overBeornwulf, the Chronicle goes on to say that "he sentfrom the army his son, Aethelwulf, and Ealhstan, hisbishop, and Wulf heard, his Ealdorman, intoKent with alarge force, and they drove Baldred the King northwardsover the Thames, and the men of Kent and the men ofSurrey and the South Saxons and the East Saxonssubmitted to him, for formerly they had been unjustlyforced from his kin."Baldred was then King of Kent and of the dependentprovinces just named. It is generally said that Baldredreigned in Kent as a dependant of the King of Mercia,and he doubtless did so, but as he struck coins there in hisown name as Cuthred his predecessor also did, it is probablethat this dependence was not so great as might be

80 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.supposed. The date of this conquest of Kent by Ecgberhtas given in the Chronicle seems to me doubtful, and thatdocument is so untrustworthy at this period, especially inthe matter of dates, that one has the less hesitation indiscarding its authority. It would seem more probablethat the conquest of Kent took place in 827, when thatlate compiler, Roger of Wendover, dates it.Ecgberhtcalls Ealhstan " my bishop/' As Ealhstan was bishop ofSherborne, it perhaps adds another reason for placing hisducatm in the west of Wessex."Wulfheard must have been a very prominent personagein South Britain at this time. Not only does he witnessseveral charters as other magnates do, down to the year8-28, but Ecgberht made over to him a part of his ownprivate domain in Hampshire, which he says had come tohim by inheritance and probably through some femaleancestor. We learn this from a charter (Birch, 377).The land in question consisted of 22 hides on both sidesof the River Meone ;that is to say, among the Meonwaras,who, according to Bede, were of Jutish descent as themen of Kent were. In the charter, Ecgberhtcalls himselfKing of the West Saxons, and he styles Wulfheard, in theLatin part of the charter, his prcefect, while in the Saxonpart of it he calls him his reeve. Four others are styledprefects or reeves beside himself, one of them being theHun already mentioned. According to the A.-S.C.,Wulfheard, in the year 837 (to be corrected to 839),fought at Hampton, i.e. Southampton, against thirty-fiveships of the Norsemen and got a victory over them, andthe same year he died (op. cit. sub an. 837). On theconquest of Kent with its dependencies, Ecgberht, whowas no doubt an old man, nominated Aethelwulf as itsKing." Filii nostri Aetheluulfi quern regem constituimus

ECGHERHT AND HIS COINS. 81in Cantia/' are his words in a charter (see Birch, 395).Aethelwulf signs several charters as King of Kent, in somecases alone, and in others conjointly with Ecgberht, asKing of Wessex.As has long been known, and was specially emphasised byMessrs. Keary and Grueber in their catalogue of the A.-S.coins in the British Museum, the people of Wessex didnot use any coins during Anglo-Saxon times until the endof Ecgberht' s reign, perhaps not till that of Aethelwulf.Not only do we find no coins struck then by any of theearlier kings of Wessex, but according to Mr. Grueber nohoards of coins of the earlier period occur there, and itwould seem very clear that it was only as ruler of Kentthat Ecgberht struck coins, and that consequently all 'hiscoins are later than the year 826-7. With one exceptionthe only place which appears as a mint on his coins isDorobernia or Canterbury, where a large number of themwere no doubt coined. A certain number of them havethe name of St. Andrew upon the reverse,and they havebeen with great plausibility attributed to the Rochestermint, St. Andrew being the specialEcgberhtsaint of Rochester.seems to have taken over the whole of themoneyers employed by Baldred, his predecessor, in Kent,for their names, viz., Diormod, Dunun, Edhelmod, Oba,Sigestef, Swefheard, Tidbearht and Werheard occur onhis coins, and we may take it as certain that whatever maybe the case with his other coins, all the money of Ecgberhtwith the names of these moneyers was Kent money, andwas struck after Baldred was driven out.Under the year 826 (which ought tobe read 828 or829) we have in the A.-S.C. the statement, "and the sameyear the king of the East Angles and the people soughtthe alliance and protection of King Ecgberht for dread ofVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. M

82 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.the Mercians ;and the same year the East Angles slewBeornwulf, King of Mercia." This subjection or submissionof East Anglia to Ecgberht is important and I proposeto discuss it on another occasion. The death ofBeornwulf was followed two years later by that of hissuccessor Ludecan and his five ealdormen, when we aretold that Wiglaf conquered the country of the Mercians.This was in 825, to be corrected to 827. Two years later,i.e., in 829 or possibly in 828, we are told in the A.-S.C.that Ecgberht " conquered the kingdom of Mercia and allthat was south of the Humber," that is to say he droveWiglaf out and seized the throne of Mercia, and we arefurther told by the same authority that he led an army toDore against the Northumbrians and that they thereoffered him obedience and allegiance and with that theyseparated (vide sub ami. 827). Dore is no doubt, as Mr.Plummer has pointed out, Dore, near Sheffield, which wason the Mercian frontier. How far we are to credit thestatement of thesubmission of Northumbria at this timeis doubtful. The submission of Mercia is attested bymore distinct and positiveevidence, namely that of coins.Among the coins found in London in the famous hoard presentedby Sir Wollaston Franks to the British Museum, anddescribed by Mr. Grueber with all his usual learning andinsight, is one of great importance and interest, struck in thefamous Mercian mint of London and bearing the inscrip-LVNtion on its reverse DONIA, beingCIYITthe first occurrenceof the name of the metropolitan city on an Anglo-Saxoncoin. On the obverse of this coin and of a second one fromthe same hoard, Ecgberht styles himself Ecgberht Rex M.,i.e., Ecgberht King of the Mercians, being the only occasion

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 83on which he does so. This second coin has the moneyer'sname Hedmund on it, who was also a moneyer employedby Wiglaf, King of the Mercians. We, therefore, havevery strong evidence that Ecgberht coined money atCanterbury, Rochester, and London. The evidence isalso very strong that all his coins were minted in Kentand ought to be treated as Kentish coins and not as coinsof Wessex. At all events, among his moneyers Beornmod,Bosel, Dealla, Debis, Diormod, Dudinc, Oba, Osmund,Swef heard, Tidbearht, and Tilwine all coined money withthe Canterbury mint -mark, and some of them for theArchbishop of Canterbury, and I know of no evidencewhatever of any Wessex coinage of Ecgberht.According to the A.-S.C., Wiglaf returned to rule overMercia after an absence of a year. It dates his returnin 828, i.e., in 830 or 831, and a document of his, datedSeptember 1st, 831, speaks of that year as "annoprimo secundi regni mei." Birch, 400 ;see Plummer,ii., 78.The great scarcity ofWiglaf's coins makes it probablethat when he returned he did so not as absolute ruler ofMercia, but as a subordinate of Ecgberht, and that suchcoins as we have of his are of his first reign only. Thisseems confirmed by the fact that in the very year ofWiglaf's return we are told in the Chronicle that Ecgberhtled an army against the North Welsh and forcedthem to obey him (op. cit. sub ann. 828). He wouldhardly have ventured thither if he had not been the realmaster and over-lord of Mercia. This view has been inpart generally held from the time of Lappenberg.For a year or two the Chronicle is silent about Ecgberht.When we next read of him it is in connection with theNorsemen.I have a strong opinion that the invasions of

84 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.the Norsemen, at this period, have been a good dealmisunderstood. They came both to France and Englandas the close allies of the Celts, who had an old and a stillliving hatred of the Teutons. Their headquarters werevery largely Brittany, the Channel Islands, Ireland, andprobably also Cornwall, and it was thence that many oftheir raids came, and thither theybooty.retired with theirThe famous Delgany hoard of Anglo-Saxon coins,the account of which in the Numismatic Chronicle 2 is one ofmemoirs it containsthe manyresearch of our President, has one very remarkableproving the learning andfeature about it, beside the fact of itshaving been foundin Ireland. This is a negative fact, namely, the absencefrom it of any coins of Ecgberht, and the presence in itof coins of the Kentish Kings, Cuthred and Baldred, butof no coins later than 824 A.D. This seems explainableonly on the theory that it was the product of someNorthern raid, made about or soon after the accession ofEcgberht, say about 824-825, which has escaped the verycareless and ignorant chronicler.I am disposed to think that it was these very Norsemenwho, probably, were allied with the West Welshwhen they fought against Ecgberht at Gafulford,and that, when they withdrew to their headquarters inIreland, they took the Delgany hoard with them. AsMr. Green remarks, no coins earlier than 830 haveoccurred in the Swedish plunder hoards. We next readthat the heathen men made a descent in the year 832,i.e., 834 or 835, upon Sheppey, and the next year Ecgberhtfought against a fleet of thirty-five ships of themat Carrum (i.e.,Charm outh in Dorsetshire),and the2Ser. iii., 1882, p. 61 sq$.

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 85heathen men maintained possession of the field, i.e., theyhad the best of it.There isvery considerable doubt about this statement.It is repeated in the very same words, exceptthe substitution-of Aethelwulf for Ecgberht, under the year 843,which ought to be corrected to 845.It is quite incrediblethat a battle should have been repeated in all its detailsin this way, and the event no doubt took place underAethelwulf. The year 834 is, it will be noted, 843transposed.In the year 835, i.e., 837, we have a much more probableentry. We are told that a great hostile fleet cameto the West Welsh (i.e., to Cornwall) and they unitedtogether, that is the Norsemen and the Cornishmen, andfought against Ecgberht, King of the West Saxons. Whenhe heard of it he went there with an army and foughtagainst them at Hengestedun, i.e., at Hengstone, andput both the Welsh and Danish men to flight (op. cit*sub ann. 835).Next year, i.e., in 836 (to be corrected to 838-9), Ecgberht,according to the A.-S.C., died after a reign ofthirty-seven years and seven months (id.). It was oncethe fashion to very much exaggerate the status and positionof Ecgberht, and to treat him as possessing an almostImperial authority over allEngland. The A.-S.C.,whose author had special reasons for exalting the grandfatherof Alfred, describes him as a Bretwalda, a termimplying a great anachronism and it was;gravely arguedin the Middle Ages, and has been accepted by moremodern historians, that he first constituted a true kingdomof England. As a matter of fact, as we have seen,he was originally a King of Kent, who, by good luck,and perhaps by the prestige he acquired in the Carlo-

86 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.vingiau court, and perhaps, also, by the aid of morematerial resources derivedthence, made himself master ofWessex, and exercised a dominant influence over Merciaand East Anglia. In his charters he styles himself" King of the West Saxons," Occidentalium Saxonum Rex ;" King of the Gewissi," rex Geuuissorum ;" King ofKent/' rex Cantice \" King of the West Saxons, as well asof the Kent men," rex occidentalium Saxonum necnon etCantuariorum, and once only, I believe, and this in a verydoubtful and corrupt charter, "King of the Anglians,"rex Anylorum.Nowhere does he lay claim, either in hischarters or on his coins, to that position of a " King of allEngland " that some have made out for him. Nor washis power, so far as we can see, ever either so widespreador so real as that of the great Mercian ruler, Ofia.Ecgberht's charters were generally signed at one orother of his royal vills. His principal residences wereapparently Kingston, inSurrey, and " Hompton,"as it iscalled, in Hampshire, by which Southamptonis doubtlessmeant. The charter granting lands in Hampshire toWulfheard (Birch, 377) professes to have been written inloco celebri ubi dicitur ac leak (i.e., Ockley, in Surrey), whiletwo others were signed at Criodantreop (? Crediton), whenhe was on the march against the Britons (Birch, 389, 390).There is a noticein a charter of Ecgberht whose phraseologyhas a certain primitive ring for the Numismatist,which Imay here quote. The purchase money of certainland at Scirdun, or Sholden, in Kent, is stated to beC mancuses in duabus armillis, which was duly paid toEcgberht in 836 by the Clerk of St. Peter's Abbey, afterwardsSt. Augustine's (Birch, 852).A charter of Ecgberht's dated in 833 (Birch, 410)was signed at the Royal villa of Dornwerccestre, and

ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 87one dated in 838 (id. 418) was signed at the royal vicaof Fraericburna. This is mentioned in the year 777 inthe A.-S.C. as a royal vill of OfFa's, and was perhaps inMercia.In the preceding paper the points which I have wishedespecially to emphasize are first, that Ecgberht was not aWest Saxon by origin or descent at all, but a Kentishprince belonging to the royal house of Kent, and that hisaccession to the kingdom of the South of England meantthe appropriation of Wessex by the royal house of Kent.Secondly, that he was the same Ecgberht who struckcoins asKing of Kent at the end of the eighth century.Thirdly, that he was very probably the Count Egbertwho lived at Charlemagne's court.that thelater coinage of Ecgberht did not beginAnd lastly,until about theyear 825, when he firstconquered Kent, and that itcontinued to be a purely Kent coinage, with Kentishmoneyers, Kentish mints, and probably, also, with acirculation limited to Kent, and that we ought not tobegin the series of Anglo-Saxon coins of Wessex, at allevents, until after his reign. I propose in another paperto say something of his sons Aethelwulf and Aethelstan.H. H. HOWORTH.

MISCELLANEA.A NEW VARIETY OF THE HALF-GROAT OF CHARLES I. Fromthe beginning of his reign until 1630 Charles I. issued halfgroatsat the Tower more or less resembling his father's lastcoinage, having on both sides a rose crowned. These coins areknown with the following mint-marks : lis(1625), cross onsteps (1625-6), castle (1627), negro's head (1627), anchor(1628), heart (1629-30), and plume (1630). In this last year achange took place, and the King's bust replaced the rose on theobverse, while the royal arms in a shield were substituted forthe second rose on the reverse. The mint-marks on the piecesof this issue are, plume (1630), and rose (1631), when a furtheralteration took place in the bust.It will be seen, therefore, that, in 1630, the double rose halfgroatand the bust and shield half-groat were both issued andboth bore the plume mint-mark. I can add to these a coin ofthe following description:Olv.Crowned bust to left with ruff within inner circle, but.dividing it below. Legend CAEOLYS D GMAG : . . B : F : ET : H : EEX. M.M. plume.Rev. Eose crowned. LegendM.M. plume ;no inner circle.::: IYS THEONVM FIEMAT.This piece, therefore, is of a type between those of the firstand second coinages. That it was intentional, rather than amistake, is likely because the plume mint-mark figures on bothsides. Whether it is to be looked on as a trial-piece or notmust be left to individual judgment. At all events, it appears tobe so far unique.L. A. LAWRENCE.

Mm. CAs-oa. ferM7ol.JX.Pl: /.i^LI 414ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1899.

ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1899.

THE attention of Members of the Numismatic Societyisspecially drawn to the following Resolution of theCouncil, passed on the 2Oth April, 1899 :" It was Resolved that henceforth the Proceedingsof the Society should be published withPart II. of the * Chronicle ' in each year ;butthat the List of Members should be issued withPart IV. as heretofore."

IV.OTANES, AND PHRAATES IV.No. 3. No. 4.THE coins 1-3 described in the present paper were acquiredby the British Museum some years after the publicationof Professor Percy Gardner's well-known work onParthian coinage, and are, I believe, unpublished.1. Obv. Bust of Parthian king 1., wearing helmet ornamentedwith [stag's horn] and foreparts of stags ;border of dots. Countermark, oTANNHCaround bearded male head 1., with head-dress.Bev.BAZIAEHZ METAAoY APZ AKoYEYEPfEToY ETTI4>ANoYZ 1AEA-AHNoZ. Parthian king seated r. on throne,holding bow ;in field r., 2r^JR. Drachm. Size -75. Wt. 59'1 grs.British Museum (purchased of Mr. C.J. Rodgers in 1893). [Fig. 1 obv.}VOT. XX* THIRD SERIES. N

90 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.2. Obv. Similar to No. 1, but countermark, NH[C] besidemale head 1. in helmet or cap with flaps ?Rev. Similar to No. 1, but monogram in field r., gJR. Drachm. Size '15. Wt. 52-8 grs.British Museum (India Office Coll.).[Fig. 2 061;.]These drachms are of the notuncommon class ascribedby Gardner to Mithradates II (circ. B.C. 123 circ. B.C.88). It is possible that they may belong to a somewhatlater date (Phraates III P), 1 but in any case they canhardly be later than the middle of the first century B.C.Their interest lies, of course, in their countermarks. Theclearest stamping is on No. 1, on which we see a headwearing apparently a kind of polos such as was sometimesassumed by the Achaemenid monarchs. This headis identified by the name OTANNHC. The same nameis to be conjectured on No. 2, where the countermark ispartly off the flan, but the small head appears to differfrom that of No. 1, and the head-dress recalls that of asatrap, and is not unlike the " Scythian " helmet foundon the earliest Arsacid drachms. The details, however,are not very distinct.Otannes, or rather Otanes fOrai/?/?), was a nameborne by various Persians of noble rank, and occursseveral times in the writings of Herodotus. Otanes, sonof Pharnaspes,2was the first to detect the imposture ofthe false Smerdis, but when Darius Hystaspes claimed1The remarkable coins published by Markoff and Rapson(see Num. Chron., 1893, p. 203 seem to mef.) to necessitateseveral changes in the arrangement of the earlier Parthianseries, and I hope before long to set forth my suggestions indetail.2Hdtus.t in., 68-84. On his family and royal connections,see Rawlinson's Herodotus, iv., 257 f.

OTANES, AND PHRAATES IV. 91the throne (B.C. 521), he stood aside on condition that heand his descendants should be exempted from the royalauthority, and that a Median dress and other honourablegifts should be annually presented. These conditionswere faithfully observed, and " still to this day," saysHerodotus (iii., 83), " the family of Otanes continues tobe the only free family in Persia, and those who belongto it submit to the rule of the king only so far as theythemselves choose, though they are bound at the sametime to observe the laws of the land."Another Otanes, who lived in the sixth century, was aPersian general and judge. He was the son of Sisamnes,the royaljudge who was put to death and then flayed bya wrongful judgment procuredCambyses for deliveringby a bribe. Cambyses, according to the griiri story ofHerodotus (v., 25), stretched the skin of Sisamnes on thejudicial bench, and then promoted Otanes to his father'spost, bidding him to bear in mind " on what seat he satto administer justice."In the time of Alexander anotherOtanes is mentioned (Arrian, Anab^ 3, 8, 5)as a Persiancommander, but there seems to be no record of anyOtanes of the period of our coins. The name, however,was doubtless long existent, for inscriptions of Termessusin Pisidia relate to a Marcus Aurelius Platonianos Otanes,a priest of Termessus. 3The Otanes of the coins may, conceivably, be a satrapwho rebelled against the Parthian king, and who stampedthe current Arsacid money with his own head ;but I aminclined rather to think that he was a governor or other3(7. /. G., No. 4366r ; Lanckoronski, Villes tie la Panphiflie,ii., inscriptions Nos. 6, 49, 123 ;G. Cousin in Bull.con-. Ml., 1899, pp. 175, 190.

'92 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.high official of Persis, and not necessarily antagonistic toArsaces.Persis, though of course subordinate to Parthia,seems to have retained the privilege of coinage throughoutthe period of Arsacid rule. 4 It is even possible thatwe have here to do with some descendant of Otanes, theindependent son of Pharnaspes.8. Ol>v. Bust of Parthian king L, bearded, wearing diadem,jointed necklace with clasp, and cuirass behind;head, crescent and star border of dots.;[AP]E AKoYAIo[C ?]BAEIAE11N EY EPfEToYWPAAToY ETTIKAAoYMENoYETnANoYZParthian king seated r. on throne, holding bow ;in field r., 2-pM. Drachm. Size -85. Wt. 63 grs.British Museum (purchased in 1883from A. Coroyantz). [Fig. 3.]4. Obv. Similar to No. 3, but without crescent and star ;before neck, pellet.Rev. BACIAEYoNToL APE AKoYBACIAEUUN 6YTT AToPo CAlKAloY >1AI

OTANES, AND PHRAATES IV. 93No. 3 is remarkable in several respects.It furnishes analmost unique instance of a date appearing on a Parthiandrachm, for FoZ can hardly be interpreted except as adate namely, year " 273 " of the Seleucid era, equivalentto B.C. 40-39.It gives the personal name (Phraates) of the issuer, inaddition to the dynastic name " Arsaces," which, as arule, is alone present on the coins. Whenever the personalname occurs (except, perhaps, in the case of thelatest Parthian kings)it seems to indicate either that tworival sovereigns were in the field, or that two sovereignswere reigning jointly. Thus, Vonones I commemorateshis victory over Artabanus by the inscription,BAZIAEYZONnNHZNEIKHZAZAPTABANON;Goterzes, Pacorus II, and Artabanus " IV ):> protestagainst rival claims by placing their individual namesupon their money. The names of Orodes I and his sonPacorus I also appear upon the coins, though in this caseit is a questionnot of a disputed succession, but of ajoint rule. The " Phraates " mentioned on our No. 3must, therefore, have been either the rival or the associateof another " Arsaces."The expressionETTIKAAOYMENOY is remarkable,and seems to mean "Arsaces whose personal name isPhraates." It nearly finds a parallelin the coin-inscriptionof Goterzes: TOTEPZHZ BAZIAEYZBAZIAEHN APZAKOY YOZ KEKAAOYMENOZ5APTABANOY (Gardner, p. 49, No. 25; p. 64).5The incomplete letter of AIO- in the inscription of No. 3would seem to be E, but the application of the name of Zeus(AIQL) to a Parthian king is without example on the coins.Perhaps the true reading is AIOY, in which case the wordwould be equivalent to the 0EOY which appears on the coinsattributed by Gardner (p. 37) to Mifchradates III.

94 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.The portrait and necklace of No. 3 are similarto thoseon No. 4,a coin which, together with other similar pieces(usually with the inscription 0EOY), has been assignedby Gardner to Mithradates III, the brother, and for atime the rival, of the famous Orodes. Yet, plausible asthis attribution appears, it now seemsto be negatived bythe appearance of the name " Phraates." Now, thisPhraates can hardly be any other than Phraates IV,the son and successor of Orodes, and, indeed,if FOZbe accepted as a date, the coin is fixed to the year40-39 before our era. This date falls within the reignof Orodes,, who did not die till B.C. 37, but we knowfrom Dio (49, 23) and Justin (42, 4) that Phraates wasactually appointed king in the lifetime of his father.These writers assign the appointment of Phraates to theyear 38 or 37, representing it as due to the helplessand despairing condition of Orodes after the loss of hisfavourite son Pacorus in the summer (9th June) of B.C.38. Their account is thus, so far, inconsistent with thedate on our coin, but it is quite possible that Phraatesthe most unscrupulous of Parthian kings had alreadyassumed the royal title in B.C. 40-39, perhaps takingadvantage of Pacorus's absence in Syria and Asia Minor.He would then have begunto issue coins of a somewhatnew design, but still bearing the head of Orodes.The coin No. 4 I imagine also to have been struck atabout the same period as No. 3, and in the use of theparticipleBAZIAEYONTOZ instead of the customaryBA2LIAEH5: we may perhapsjoint rule. Mr. Gardner (p. 37)detect the existence of awas somewhat inclinedto think that the use of the participle was a meaninglessvariety of BAXIAEHZ, yet, as I have elsewhere suggested(Num. Chrou., 1899, p. 109), the participle some-

OTANKS, AND PHRAATES IV. 95times seems to indicate that the issuer claims somethingless than complete authority over the coin. Thus wefind Antimachus, King of Bactria, makinguse ofBAZIAEYONTOZ ANTIMAXOY when he strikescoin commemorating another Bactrian king his predecessorEuthydemus, EY0YAHMOY 0EOY.If, then, Nos. 3 and 4 are assigned to the closing yearsof Orodes, B.C. 40-37, we are almost compelled to place inthe same period the coins with similar portrait and necklacewhich Gardner has assigned to Mithradates III, andto suppose that they were all issued in the reign ofOrodes but under the influence of Phraates. 6 Mr.Gardner has, indeed, already pointed out that the portraitof his " Mithradates III " closely resembles that ofOrodes, though he has supposedthe resemblance to bedue to the family likeness between the two brothers.WARWICK WROTH.a*This attribution is not free from at least one difficultynamely, that some of the specimens have the simpleBAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY, titlewhile the coins that are admittedto be of Orodes have always the title BAXIAEflZBAZIAEHN. Gutschmid (Geschichte Irans., p. 83) maintainsthat the coins of Gardner's " Mithradates III " belong toPhraates III (B.C. 70-57), because they generally have the title0EOY, a title known from Phlegon to have been borne byPhraates III. Our drachm (No. 3) with the name " Phraates "would support Gutschmid's contention, were it not for its date,B.C. 40-39, which is several years subsequent to the death ofPhraates III.It should perhaps be added that the correctness of Gardner'sreading of the coin-inscription of Goterzes (p. 93 supra) is quiteborne out by a drachm acquired by the British Museum in 1881.Gutschmid (op. cit., p. 123) disputed the reading, and gives thealmost humorous rendering:"Goterzes, Konig der Konige derAreaner, Sohn des Ge, Kalymenos [alter ego?~\ des Artabanos."

Y.AHPEA CITOY TAPCH.TESSERE DE TARSOS.LES provinces romaines de POrient et particulierement1'Asie Mineure et la Syrie, epuisees par les depredationsdes magistrats-gouverneurs de la Hepublique romaine,ruinees par les publicains et les manieurs d'argent dugenre d'an Brutus, affaiblies par les troubles consecutifsa la guerre de Mithridate et aux guerres civiles, comrnencenta reprendre haleine sous 1'Empire. L'industrie,source de toute fortune pour ces pays, renait sousAuguste et continue de prosperer sous ses successeursdu l er siecle. Les fabriques d'Antioche, d'Alexandrie,d'Egypte, d'Epnese, de Milet reprennentactivite et repandentleurs produits dans 1'Occident ;des centainesdes villes de moindre importance les suivent dans cettevoie ; les capitauxdes citoyens des grandss'amassent de nouveau dans les mainscentres industriels et les donations,les constructions, les fetes dont des milliers d'in-

AQPEA error TAPCQ. 97scriptions ont garde le souvenir, temoignent de la puissanceeconomique du pays et de la prodigalite des grandscapitalistes proprietaires des cites greco-asiatiques. II nefaut que relire la grande inscription du rhodiapolitainOpramoas, 1 ce millionaire lycien, pour entrevoir cetteexpansion vraiment merveilleuse des forces e"conomiquesd'un pays, cette resurrection de la vie hellenistique,creee par Alexandre, sous un regime qui en matiere depolitique administrative et economique s'appliquait aimiter ses predecesseurs.Les empereurs eux-memes, dont 1'attention au premiersiecle apres J.-Chr. se tournait plutot vers ^Occident qu'ilsreorganisaient, en prenant le plus souvent modele sur lemonde hellenistique, voyant cette renaissance de F Orientqui etait leur ressource principale en matiere d'impotsen argent, ou ils cherchaient et trouvaient toujoursdescapitaux pour leurs guerres, 1'entretien de Tarmee et de leurvie parfois si luxueuse, se sentent attires par cet Orient siriche et si productif, patriede tout luxe et de tout raffinement,patrie des superstitions et du culte, qui conqueraientle monde, patriequ'on cherchait de plus en plusmelange inorganique de republiqueenfin du systeme monarchiquea substituer a ceet de monarchie creepar Auguste. Neron se sentait en outre attire parT Orient plutot comme artiste et ami des arts et de laculture grecque, mais Adrien, suivant en cela 1'exemplede son predecesseur Trajan, qui avait reorganise laBithynie et le Pont, fait ses voyages dans 1'Orientcomme administrateur et reorganisateur, cherche ettrouve en Asie et en Egypte lesprincipes de sa politique1Voy. la publication de la suite des decrets en I'honneurd'Opramoas faite par M. Heberdey. (Wien, 1896.)VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.O

98 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.administrative et s'y sent raffermi dans ses idees demonarque absolu. Ses successeurs immediats sont tropoccupes de leurs guerres sur le Danube et le Rhin pourpouvoir suivre la politique orientale d'Adrien, mais lesidees d'Adrien sont reprises par la dynastie des Severes,la premiere dynastie qui ait placeune femme d'Orientsur le trone et donn a Rome des empereurs semiorientauxcomme Caracalla, Elagabale et AlexandreSevere.Ce n'est pas ici le lieu de developper les idees quenous venons d'esquisser, mais ces quelques indicationsetaient necessaires a 1'intelligence de quelques faits quiexpliquent et mettent en pleine lumiere la politiqueorientale des empereurs du II e et III 6 siecle apres J.-Chr.Ce qui manquait aux pays industriels de 1'Orientc'etaient les denrees naturelles, surtout le ble ;on enproduisait beaucoup dans les grands domaines de la provinced'Asie, de la Bithynie, de la Galatie, 2 mais cetteproduction ne suffisait pas a la population du reste de1'Asie et de la Syrie. Les villes industrielles de la Lycie,de la Pisidie, de la Cilicie, de la Syrie souffraient beaucoupde disettes produites par les mauvaises recoltes dans]es provinces agricoles de 1'Asie. Leur principale ressourcedans ces temps de disette etait toujours 1'Egypte,pays agricole par excellence, et nous voyons souvent aux3temps hellenistiques 1'Egypte secourir les ville de TAsie.2Sur ces domaines voy. Ramsay, Geography of Asia Minor,p. 173, et Cities and Bislt oprics, p. 278-293 ; Anderson, Journalof Hellen. Studies, 1897, p. 418, et 1899, p. 76 ; Schulten,Romische Mittheilungen, 1898, p. 221 suiv. ;et Rostowzew,Histoire de la ferine d'etat sous V empire romain, p. 144 et suiv.(Petersbourg, 1899, en russe).3Vv- par ex. Athnocl. Tars., apud Clem. Alex., Protrept.,

AQPEA CITOY TAPCa. 99II en fut autrement dans 1'empire remain le ;graind'Egypte fut exclu de la circulation libre la ville de;Rome devint le depot unique du ble egyptien et la pleberomaine nourrie par les empereursle consommait a elleseule. Pareille mesure provoqua des famines dans TOrientqui implora la permission d'acheter du ble en Egypte etparfois Tobtint. Sous Auguste la Judee reyoit la permissiondu prefet d'Egypte de nourrir le peuple du bleachete en Egypte.4C'est un fait tres caracteristiquequ'il faille descendre jusqu'au regne d'Adrien pour retrouvermention du ble egyptien transporteen Asie.Sous Adrien il s'agit de concessions du ble egyptien faitesaux villes d'Ephese et de Tralles. 5 D'autres textes nousparlent de cadeaux faits par Adrien aux villes grecques,de mesures prises pour nourrir et embellir les villesde 1'Orient, 6 ce qui montre assez 1'interet particulierqu' Adrien portait a 1' Orient.Mais c'est surtout sous la dynastie des Severes que lesliberalites imperiales se multiplient. Les monnaiesfournissent a ce sujet des renseignements precis completespar d'autres donnees. Septime Severe, lors de laguerre contre Pescennius Niger, recompensela cite dep. 14 ed. Sylb. (Fragm. Hist. Graec., iii., p. 487): ol pev yapOLVTOV (2apa7Tiv) i&TOpovcn ^aptfrr^ptovVTTO ^ivwneaiv riroAe/xota>T(3 $iX8eA.0a) TO) AiyuTTTiwv 7re/x,0^i/ai /?a.criAeI o? Xi^uw rpv^ofj.vovsavrovs a,7r'AlyvTrrov /xeTaTre/x^a^evos diTov aveKTrieraro. . . ./xovos Trapa ^eAeuAce'wv Tail/ Trpog 'Ai/Ttd^etaf TO ayaAyuaXcyet iv o-tro^em KOI avrwv /catyevo/xevcoj/VTTO4Joseph., arch., 15, 9, 2; Hirschfeld, Annona (Philologus,1870), p. 24 note.5Dittenberger, Sylloge, 286 ;Bull, de con: hell., i., 291 ;C. I. Gr., ii., 2927 et 2930; Hirschfeld, Annona, p. 27 note;Liebenam, Die Stddtevenvaltung, p. 118, 2.6Dio, 69, 5, 3 et 16, 2 (Ath'enes).

100 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Laodicee, qui tint bon centre 1'usurpateur, en lui assignantune somme d'argent pour acheter du ble 7 et Caracallalors de son voyage en Orient renouvelle et augmente peutetrecette donation, comme on peut 1'induire des monnaiesde Laodice-e a la legende AETERNVM BENEFICIVMet au type du modius. 8 Une liberalite du meme genrenous est connue pourle temps d'Elagabale a Sidon.9 Cen'etait pas une donation du ble proprement dite ;la villerecevait un capital dont les revenus devaient etre assignesaux magistrats charges de veiller a P appro visionnemen-t dela ville aux airwvai ou ayopavo/jioi.Des donations en ble nous sont connues par d'autresmonnaies a Tarse en Cilicie: les monnaies de Caracalla etd'Alexandre Severe mentionnent une fiwpea aeirov ouTapaou (retro?. Les types principaux de ces monnaies ontete decrits par M. Hill dans son catalogue des monnaiesde la Cilicie. 10 Nous saisissons cette occasion pour remerciervivement M. Hill de la permission qu'il nous adonnee de citer les bonnes feuilles de son catalogue quiparaitra prochainement.II suffira de donner ici les typesles plus caracteristiques :.. M1. Hill, No. 198 : AVT KAI AVP C6VHPOCANTONeiNOC, and in field, Fl Fl. Bust...of Caracalla r., laureate, wearing paludamentumand cuirass.7Malalas, xii., 293 (Bonn): /cat TrapeaxtvO.VTOL

AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. 101ANTftNIWANHC CVH(pta^s) AAP-(tai^s); in ex., TAPCOY C6ITOC; infieldabove, f, B ; 1., A ; r., M, K. Galley sailing to1. ; below, fishes (v. notre dessin).2. No. 213: [A .Rev. AWP6A..K . M A-] COV(i}pos) AA6IAN-APOC . C6B-, and in field, fl PI. Bust ofBeverus Alexander r., wearing crown of demiourgosand draped.AAEXAN[3P]OVTA(p

102 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.qui suivit la revolution d'Egypte. Toutefois il est bienpossible que les troubles d'Egypte soienten rapport avecles liberalites mentionnees de Caracalla. Le type desmonnaies frappees a propos de la soumission de PEgypte 13semble indiquer que la cause principale de 1'insurrectionet des represailles qui la suivirent fut les exactions ennature et en argent ordonnees par Caracalla lorsqu'il preparait1'expedition parthique. 14 Le ble qui fut donne aTarse provenait, cornme nous 1'avons vu, des greniers de1'Egypte.Tarsos a du rendre quelques services auK empereurs,soit avant la revolte d'Egypte dans la premiereguerre, soit pendant et apres la reyolte ;non content delui donner des cadeaux en ble Caracalla lui assigne lesurnom honorifique d' 'Ai/Twi/fi/ta^//.II est bien possibleque la riche cite industrielle de la Cilicie a aide 1'empereurde son argent lors de ces entreprises guerrieres.assignerait volontiers les mernes causes aux cadeaux ethonneurs que Tarsos reut d'Alexandre Severe. 15A Tune des deux distributions mentionnees se rapporteun monument curieux que j'ai trouve dans la riche collectiondes tesseres en plomb du British Museum. C'estOn13Cohen, iv., p. 179, No. 334 ": Caracalla en habit militairedebout a g. foulant aux pieds un crocodile, tenant une haste etrecevaut deux epis que lui presente 1'Afrique (plutot 1'Egypte)qai tient un sistre."14Cf. (rriechische Urkuuden des JlerUner Museums, No. 655.15II est a noter que les surnoms honorifiques de Tarsos necommencent qu'avec Arlrien, ce qui est la regie pour la plupartde villes asiatiques. Meme remarque pour les litres /u,^r/oo-TroAts et i/ewwJpos. Comp. pour les temps posterieurs la monnaied'Aurclien au tyy e de la femme debout accostee de deux modiisur lesquels elle pose ses mains el a la legende Donatio col.Cmun(ae) de Cremiia en Pisidie (Catalogue of the Greek Coins inthe British Museum, p. ciii de Introduction) et les exemplescites par Hill, I.e.

AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. 103une tessere carree (17-18,5 mill.) portant d'un cote laTTA Plegende QQQe * au revers une galere munie d'une voileet de rames. 16 Coincidence a noter : la voile de la galerecomme aux Nos. 200, 201, et 205 de Hill est representeeenflee a gauche dans le sens oppose au mouvement duvaisseau. II n'est pas douteux que nous ayonsici unetessere destinee a la distribution de la liberalite imperialeanalogue aux tesseres du meme genre employees pour lesdistributions imperialea a Rome. 17 L'usage de tesseresdans ces occasions ne fat pas cependant importe de Rome.On se servait de tesseres en plomb dans les distributionsqui se faisaient a Athenes et on doit surement assignercet usage aux tesseres tres nombreuses trouvees a Atheneset ayant pour types des epis reunis au caducee, a lacorne d'abondance, etc. 18 Je crois aussi que les marquessignees par les agoranomes n'avaient pas d'autre usage ; 19c'est chose connue qu'il appartenait aux agoranomes deveiller a Fapprovisionnement de la ville. 20 II est plusque probable que 1'usage de tesseres fut importe d'Athenes16Voy. la figure en tete de 1'article. II y a un autre exemplairea Florence.17Yoy. notre Etude sur les plombs antiques dans Rev. num.,1898, p. 256 suiv.18Voy. Benndorf, Beitrdge zur Kenntniss des attischen Theatersdans Zeitschrift fur die osterr. Gymnasien, xxvi. (1875), p. 594.19Voy. Benndorf, 1.1., p. 595 ; Duinont, de plumbeis apudgraecos tesseris, p. 77 ;Arth. Engel, Bull, de corr, hell., 1884,pp. 6, 7, Nos. 23-26.20Comp. aussi un plomb d'Athenes public par Margaritis,..Rev. num., 1886, p. 24, No. 44 : TPAM BOY A YP .BACCOY ypa/x(/jtaTws) /3ov(A?)s) Avp(r)\iov} ' Bao-trov.Mercure debout de face regardant a gauche, tenant de la maindroite une bourse et de la gauche un caducee. Rev. Flan lisse.PI. IV, 12. Ce plomb du IP siecle apres J.-Chr. est a compareraux tesseres que nous citons plus loin.

104 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.a Rome et qu'il etait repandu non seulement a Atbenes,mais aussi dans tout 1'Orient avant 1'epoque romaine. Cequi confirme notre bypotbese c'est le fait que les tesseresles plus anciennes signees du nom d'un empereur romainproviennent d'Atbenes. 21 Les tesseres egyptiennes de1'epoque ptolemaique prouvent d'autre part qu'on connaissait1'usage des tesseres ailleurs 22qu'a Atbenes. Maisdes tesseresla plupart des monuments qui attestent 1'usageen Asie Mineure et en Egypte appartiennent a uneepoque bien posterieure a 1'bellenisme, a 1'epoque de1'epanouissement economique des provinces asiatiques,c'est a dire au IP et III 6 siecle de notre ere. Les seriesdes plombs de 1'Asie Mineure etant trop peu connues,nous ne pouvons citer qu'un nombre tres restreint domonuments qui se rapportent probablementa des distributionsmunicipales. Ce sont les suivants :1. Ricbe serie de tesseres en terre cuite et en plomb trouveea Palmyre et publiee en partie par M. de Vogue,Inscriptions semitiques (Paris, 1868), p. 76 et suiv.et Appendice, p. 159 et suiv.Deux categoriesde ces tesseres se rapportent surementa des distributions municipales. Oelle des tesseres ditesfuneraires (Nos. 125-131, 148 et 150-152) que nouscroyons emises par les beritiers des grands personnagesmentionnes sur ces tesseres a Toccasion de leur mort pourservir a des distributions quisuivaient les funerailles.La grande quantite des tesseres du me me type et lestypes eux-memes confirment notre bypotbese. A cetteserie se rattacbe etroitement une autre qui, outre un21Voy. notre Etude sur les plombs antiques dans Rev. num.,1898, p. 7 et suiv., Nos. I, II, et Bull, d* corr. hell., 1884, p. 6 :CB. Tete d'homme a dr. Rev. AN" grenetis. D. 11 mill.22Voy. mon Etude, Rev. num., 1899, p. 58.

AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. 105nom, mentionne encore les denrees distributes : le ble et1'huile (Nos. 146-147, of. 132; 143 et 157 (Appendice, p.159) le coiffre sur la derniere des tesseres citees peut;indiquer la quantite ou la valeur du cadeau. Cette seriene doit,pas etre considered comme emise a la suite de lamort d'un personnage elle ; peut se rapporter a des disttributionsfaites par des donateurs vivants. 23 Les autrestesseres publiees par de Vogue qui ne different que peudes series citees peuvent se rapporter a des cas semblables.2. Un plomb provenant de Nicee et publie incompletementpar Payne-Knight, Nummi veteres in museo RicardiPayne-Knight asservati, Londres, 1830, p. 137.Athena a gauche s'appuyant sur son bouclier et presentantune patere ;au pourtour A 6INIAOCCTPA = 'A^etVtSosRev.Monogramme des lettres NOY = voD. 20 mill. British Museum.3. Corne d'abondance ;au pourtour APXIGP6YCTW//ICIHC.Rev. B.D. 16 mill. Provenance inconnue. Rostovtsewet Prou, Catalogue des plombsantiques, No. 431.23Comp. Waddington, Inscriptions de la Syrie, 2585 =Vogue, 16; Waddington, 2598 = C. I. Gr., 4483 = Vogue,15 ; Waddington, 2588 = Vogiie, 3 et ; Waddington, 2606a =C. I. Gr., 4485.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. P

106 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.4. Cybele de face assise sur un trone entre deux lions, tenantde la main droite une patere ;au pourtourAIOCI6P6CAK6PA = Aids fcp (te)2aK fp-Rev.Lisse.D. 18 mill. Arth. Engel, Bull, de corr.hell, 1884, No. 49 (PI. II),et Rostovtsewet Prou, Catalogue, No.. 411.5. ANTWNIAC TPY4>AINHC au pourtour, au milieuun sceptre.Rev. A en contremarque au milieu du champ. Margaritis,Rev. num., 1886, p. 26, No. 62, et PL V,12.Tous ces plombs mentionnant des dynastes, des magistratset des pretres, ont ete emis probablement aFoccasion d'une distribution faite par ces personnages.Nous avons sur le mode de ces distributions un texte curieuxet peu utilise de Malalas, xii, p. 289 ed. Bonn.(comp. Beurlier, Rev. num., 1894, p. 297 suiv.) un:syriarche nomme Artabanes /mera TO TrXypwaeuTO are-

AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. 107TIKOVS 8*ct TO rrj ISla avrou TroXet TOVTOVS j(apLffao6aia(f)opi(Ta? e/r TIOV Ifiiwv yjdpnav irpoaobov ai/oAoyoujuei't/i'19 \6

VI.L'ATELIEE MONETAIEE DE LONDEES (LON-DINIUM) PENDANT LA PEEIODECONSTANTINIENNE. 1(Voir Planches IVY.)PREMIERE EMISSION.FRAFPEE depuis le 25 Juillet 306, date de la mort de Constance-Chlore, jmqu'au mois de Mai 309, epoque de lareconnaissance de Constantin et Maximin Daja commeAugustes par Galere.Les monnaies de Maximin Auguste ne paraissent pasdans cette emission. Elle peut se diviser elle-meme endeux parties:avant et apres le mariage de Constantin etde Fausta fille de Maximien Hercule, le 31 Mars 307.C'est en effet a 1'occasion de ce mariage que Constantinfat p reclame Auguste a Treves par Maximien Hercule.En consequence, la premiere partie de 1'emission comprendldes :pieces commemoratives de Constance- Chlorefrappees apres sa mort en 306 ;2 des monnaies de SevereAuguste, qui recut ce titre de Galere apres la mort de Constance-Chlore,et qui perit lui-meme en Italic au printemps1Le Comte de Salis a publie dans la Numismatic Chroniclede 1867, New Series, vii., p. 57 et seq.,un important travailsur 1'atelier de Londres : Roman Coins struck in Britain. Jerenverrai aux planches de ce travail pour certaines monnaiesqui y soiit representees.

L*ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 109de 307 ;23 celles de Maximin Daja ;Cesar depuis 305 ;et enfin,de Constantin Cesar, qui fut eleve a ce dernier rangau meme temps que Severe a celui d'Auguste. La secondepartie comprend tine serie de pieces de Constantin Auguste,qui porta ce titre sur les monnaies frappees dans ses etatset dans ceux de Maxence c'est a dire, en Gaule, Bretagne,Espagne, Italie, des qu'il eut ete reconnu comme tel parMaximien Hercule le 31 Mars 307. C'est a cette secondepartie qu'il faut egalement attribuer, pour des raisons quiseront exposees plus loin,les monnaies de MaximienHercule frappees dans cette periode.Les monnaies de bronze (folles)de cette emission ontle plus souvent des poids oscillant entre 8 grammes 50centigrammes et 6 grammes 30 centigrammes, et desdiametres de 25 a 28 millimetres. Quelques-unes fontneanmoins exception ;ce sont les pieces frappees dansle courant de 1'annee 306, qui ont encore les poids pluslourds de 10 et 11 grammeset les diametres de 29 a 30millimetres des grands folles frappes sous Diocletien etencore en Tannee 305. II semble que ce fut seulementapres s'etre rapproche de Maxence, proclame empereura Home par un mouvement populaire et pretorien enOctobre 306, que Constantin fitfrapperfollesde poids reduit poursurtout desavoir une monnaie de memepoids que celle de Maxence. Certaines de ces piecesmeme ne pesent plus que 5 gr. 50 et 5 gr. 30.2Severe perit pendant1' invasion de G-alere en Italie(Anonymus Valesii, 4, 10, edition Teubner), or le panegyriqued'Eumene YI, 1(Maximiano et Constantino) prononce a Trevesle 31 Mars 307, en 1'honneur du manage de Constantin, parlede 1'invasion de Galere en Italie comme prochaine.

110 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.PREMIERE PARTIE.Anterieure au 31 Mars 307.Avec 1'exergue unique I^.I3On trouveI. Au revers. La legende MEMOEIA FELIX;Au droit.et commetype : un autel allume et orne de guirlandes ;de chaque cote de la base un aigle.DIYO CONSTANTIO PIO. Avec sonbustelaure, voile et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 179; 4BE. MVS. ;525 m.m.II. Au revers. GENIO POPYLI EOMANI. Avec legenie coifie du modius, a demi-nu, debout agauche, tenant une patere et une corne d'abonance.Au droit. 1. IMP. SEVEEYS P.F. AYG. Sonbustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite ;BE.MYS. ;99 m.m. [PL IV., No. 1.]2. IMP. C. SEYEEYS PIYS FEL. AYG. Son bustelaure, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 35 ;BE, MYS. ;28 m.m.III. Au revers. GENIO POP. EOM. Meme type du reversque pour les pieces precedentes.Au droit. 1. GAL. YAL. MAXIMINYS NOB. C.Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 56 ;BE. MYS. ;28 m.m.3L' atelier de Londinium fonctionne avec une seule omcineindiquee dans la plupart des emissions par la lettre P =:prima, de 306-326.4Les numeros indiques de Cohen sont ceux de la deuxiemeedition, tome vii., 1888.5Les abbreviations suivantes seront usitees dans ce travail :BE. MYS. = British Museum ;FE. = Cabinet de France ;H. MYS. Y. = Hof Museum, Vienne ; les autres collectionssont designees en toutes lettres.

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES.Ill2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et drape a droite.Cohen, 57; FE. 8-851.3. FL. VAL. CONSTANTINVS NOB. C. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Variete ineditedifferant par le buste de Cohen, 202 ;BE. MVS.;26 m.m. [PL IV., No. 2.]IV. Au revers. Meme legende. Genie tourele, a demi-nu,debout a gauche, tenant une pater e et une corned'abondance.Au droit.L. YAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C.Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen,196 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 9091; 8 gr. 50 ;27 m.m.Y. Au revers. MAES YICTOE. Mars nu, marchant adroite, avec le manteau flottant, portant unehaste et un trophee.Au droit.L. YAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C.Sonbuste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No.322 ;BE. MYS. ;26 m.m.VI. Au revers. MAETI PACIF. Mars marchant a gauche,tenant une branche d'olivier de la main droite,et de la gauche une haste et un bouclier.Au droit.YL. YAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C.Sonbuste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No.356 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 9121 ;6 gr. 20 ;26 m.m.VII. Au revers. EOMAE AETEE. Eome assise & gauchedans un temple a six colonnes, tenant un sceptre4et un globe.Au droit.'FL. YAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C. Sonbuste laure et cuirasse a droite ; piece inedite.BE. MYS. ;26 m.m.6[PI. IV., No. 3.]6 L' atelier de Londinium, sous le regne de Constantin Cesaret Auguste, emit les pieces de cet empereur en beaucoup plusgrand nombre que celles de ses contemporains. Dans d'autresateliers, comme a Tarragone pour Maxence, Constantin fitf rapper en plus grand nombre les monnaies d'un empereurallie.

112 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.DEUXIEME PARTIE.Avec 1'exergue uniquePLNCette partie de remission est caracterisee par lesmonnaies de Constantin Auguste et par les poids reduitsde ses folles oscillant entre 7 et 5 grammes 30 centigrammes.Elle fut frappee dans le courant de 307, eneffet une emission correspondante de Rome, ou apparaissentegalement pour la premiere fois les monnaies de OonstantinAuguste, est anterieure a la prisedu consulat en communpar Maxence et Romulus, en Avril 3087 Or si Maxencefaisait f rapper en 307 les monnaies de Constantin avec letitre d'Auguste a Rome, c'est que ce dernier avait prisce titre dans les propres etats, et des lors le temoignagedu panegyrique d'Eumene VI (Maximianoet Constantino),prononce a Treves le 31 Mars 307, a 1'occasiondu mariage de Constantin et de Fausta, se trouve confirme.Ce panegyriqueofficiel dit que Constantinajouta alors a son titre de Cesar ceux d'Empereur etd' Auguste. 8 C'est done au 31 Mars 307 que nousplacerons le debut de cette emission.D'autre part elle cessa d'etre frappee en Mai 309. Eneffet, elle lie contient pas de pieces de Maximin DajaAuguste. Et c'est au debut de 309 que Maximin Dajaprit de lui-meme ce titre; c'est en Mai 309 que Gralere,chef de la tetrarchie imperiale, le lui reconnut, 9 ainsi qu'af Jules Maurice, Eatelier monetaire de Rome pendant laperiode Constantinienne. Revue Numismatique, 1899, pp. 343-344.8Eumene, Panegyrique vi., c. 1;Constantin est appeleOriens ( imperator). 11 est dit Ccesari additwn nomen (f.i'bi imperil).Maximin Hercule et Constantin sont appeles tous deux(Imperatores Augusti).9Jules Maurice, Emissions monetaires de V atelier d'Antioche.Num. Chron., 1899, p. 218.

I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES.Constantin. A partir de cette epoque, comme on le verraplus loin, Constantin fit f rapper les monnaies de Licinius10et de Maximin Augustes.L'on trouveI. Au revers. GENIO POP. EOM. Avec le genie tourele,a demi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patereet une corne d'abondance.Audrott. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Sonbuste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No.199 ;BE. MYS. ;26 m.m. Musee de Turin.2. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Meme buste ;variete inedite; BE. MYS.3. IMP. MAX1MIANYS P.P. AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 138 deMaximien Hercule. FE. 8099.II. Meme legende du revers et meme type, mais avecle genie coiffe du modius.Audroit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Sonbuste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No.204 ;FE. 9-095 ;6 gr. 92 ;26 m.m.2. IMP. MAXIMIANYS P.F. AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 143 deMaximien Hercule ; u BE. MYS. ;7 gr. 38 ;25 a 28 m.m.10 II est a remarquer que 1' atelier de Londres ne frappa pendantla periode Constantinienne aucune piece de Maxence,dont Constantin faisait pourtant emettre de tres nombreusesmonnaies SLTarragone. Cela prouve que les divers ateliers d'unmeme empereur etaient charges parfois de frappes speciales,et avaient des attributions particulieres.11Les deux pieces qui portent la legende Imp. MaximianmP.F. Aug. doivent etre placees dans cette partie de remissiona cause de leurs poids et par suite sont attribuables a MaximienHercule. Hercule avait en effet repris le titre d Augusteen venant secourir son fils Maxence contre Severe, quiavait envahi 1'Italie par ordre de Galere en Fevrier 307. Cf.Lactantius, de Mort. Pers., c. xxvi. Constantin de son coteVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Q

114 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.III. Au revers. MAETI PATEI PEOPVG. Mars nu, lemanteau flottant, marcliant a droite en posturede combattant, tenant une haste traasversale etun bouclier.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS P. AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 363; BE.MVS. ;FE. 9129 ;6 gr. 29 ;25 m.m.2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AYG. Meme buste(ces bustes different de ceux de Cohen, en cequ'ils ne sont pas drapes). Cohen, 364 ;BE.MVS. ;FE. 9130 ;5 gr. 31 ;26 m.m. 12IV. Au revers. PEINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Constantinen habit militaire debout de face, regardant dgauche, et tenant deux enseignes militairessurmontees de drapeaux.Au droit. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Sonbuste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 444 ;BR. MVS. ;26 m.m.DEUXIEME EMISSION.Frappee depuis la reconnaissance de Maximin Daja etde Constantin comme Augustes par Galere en Mai 309jusqu'a la mort de Maximin 13Daja en Juin 313.Les noms de Licinius et de Maxirnin Augustes apparaissentdans cette emission sur des pieces identiques quantau reste, qui ne se distinguent que par les noms et leseffigies des empereurs et qu'il y a toutlieu de considererfrappa dans 1' atelier de Tarragone des monnaies a 1'emgiede Maxence Augusteet en 307 conclut une sorte d' allianceavec cet empereur revolte centre Galere dont il ne dut plusemettre les monnaies. Les monnaies de Galere avaient eteSLfrappees Londres en 305.12De Salis, loc. cit. tNum. Chron., 1867, pi. iii., No. 9.13 C'est au 30 Avril 313 que Maximin est battu par Licinius dTzirallum en Thrace. II se rend ensuite a Tarse au sud duTaurus et fait de nouveaux preparatifs de guerre jusqu'dsa mort en Juin. Cf. Lactantius, c. 45.; Zosime, ii., 17.Ckronicon Paschale.

.115comme ayante*tefrappees en meme temps. CependantLicinius fut reconnu Auguste par Galere le 11 Novembre308 a la conference de Carnuntum, 14 ou se reunirent leaempereurs Diocletien, Maximien^Hercule, et Galere tandis;que Maximin Daja ne le fut qu'en Mai 309, apres avoirusurpe ce titre d 'Auguste.Constantin pourtant ne semble avoir frappe leurs piecesa Londres qu'en meme temps ;et une Emission de Tar*ragone ou les monnaies semblables de Licinius et deMaximin sont plus nombreuses que celles frappees aLondres confirme cette maniere de voir.II en resulte que Constantin ne fit frapper les piecesde Licinius Auguste qu'apres avoir etc* reconnu luimemecomme tel ainsi que Maximin Daja au printempsde 309, que par suite il ne reconnut ni les decisionsdes empereurs reunis a Carnuntum, ni I'autorite' deGalere jusqu'a cette epoque. Les folles de cette emissionont des poids oscillant entre 4 grammes 90 centigrammeset 3 grammes 70 c. ;des dia metres de 22 a 23 millimetres.L' Emission comprend deux series contemporaines.PREMIERE SERIE.Signe et lettres dans le champ et exergue*i'On trouveI. Au revert. GENIO POP. EOM. Genie tourele, a deminu,debout a gauche, tenant une patere et unecorne d'abondance.Audroit. 1. IMP. LICINIYS P.F. AVG. SOD bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 53 ;BE,.MVS. ;FE. 14124 ;4 gr. 70 ;22 m.m. [PI. IV.,No, 4.]14vii.,Idat. Fast. : Decies et Maximiano Hercule et GalerioConss.

116 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse agauche. BE. MYS. Piece inedite.3. IMP. MAXIMINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laureet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 69 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 14037-38 ;22 m.m.[PI. IV., No. 5.]4. IMP. MAXIMINYS P. AYG. Meme buste.Cohen, 72 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 14034 ;4 gr. 0*60 ;22 m.m.5. Des monnaies analogues de Constantin Augustedoivent avoir ete frappees.II. Au revers. La meme legende et le meme type, mais avecle genie coiffe du modius.Au droit.TMP. LICINIYS P.F. AYG.Son buste laureet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 44. Musee de Turin.III. Au revers. PEINCIPI IYYENTYTIS. Constantinlaure, en habit militaire et le manteau tombant,debout a gauche, tenant un globe et une hasterenversee.Audroit. I. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 427 ;H. MYS, Y.2. Son buste casque et cuirasse a gauche, tenant unehaste et un bouclier. Cohen, 428;H. MYS. Y.3. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, 429 ;BE. MYS;24m.m.; 4 gr. 47; FE. 14776; 4 gr. 40; 22m.m.4. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse agauche. Piece inedite. BE. MYS.5. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, 431 ;FE. 14775 ;4 gr. 70; 22 m.m.6. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste casque etcuirasse a gauche, tenant une haste dirigee enavant et un bouclier. Cohen, 436 : BE. MYS :4 gr. 35;23 m.m.

I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 1177. CONSTANTINVS AYG-. Son buste casque etcuirasse a gauche, tenant une haste sur 1'epauleet un bouclier. Cohen, 433 ;FE. 14777.IV. Au revers. Meme legende, avec Constantin en habitmilitaire et le manteau tombant, debout agauche, tenant deux enseignes militaires, surmontesde drapeaux.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son bustecuirasse a gauche, avec le casque laure, tenantune haste sur 1'epaule et un bouclier. Pieceinedite. BE. MVS. ;22 m.m.2. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 449 ;BE. MVS. ;FE. 14782 ;4 gr. 15 ;22 m.m.3. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche avecle casque laure, tenant une haste dirigee enavant et un bouclier. Piece inedite. BE. MVS. ;23 m.m.V. Au Tews. COMITI AVGG. NN. Le soleil radie\ ademi-nu et le manteau flottant, debout de face,dans laregardant a gauche, tenant un globemain droite et un fouet de la gauche.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son bustelaure et drape a gauche, tenant une haste dirigeeen avant et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 40 ;FE.14494; 4gr. 67; 23 m.m.2. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche avec lecasque laure, tenant une haste sur 1'epaule etun bouclier. Cohen, No. 41; FE. 14495 a14497 ;4 gr. 20 ;23 m.m.3. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche avec lecasque laure, tenant une victoire sur un globe.Piece inedite. BE. MVS. [PI. IV., No, 6.]4. Meme legende. Son buste casque, drape et cuirassea gauche, tenant un globe, surmonte d'unevictoire, qui le couronne. Cohen, No. 42 ;BE.MVS.5. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.Cohen, No. 43;H. MVS. V. ;25-920.

118 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.6. CONSTANTINVS P. AG. (sic}. Son buste diademeet cuirasse a gauche, ayant la tete de Medusesur la poitrine et tenant un sceptre surmonted'un aigle. Cohen, No. 44 ;FE. 14499 ;3 gr.85 ;23 m.m.7. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste casque etcuirasse a gauche, avec le casque laure, tenantune haste et un bouclier. Coheji, Nos. 45 et 46 ;BE. MVS. ;23 m.m. ;FE. 1449814502 ;MuseeBrer a, Milan.8. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.Cohen, No. 48 ;BE. MVS. ;23 m.m.9. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste laure et cuirassea gauche, tenant un sceptre surmonte d'unaigle. Piece inedite. BE. MVS. ;23 m.m. [PI.IV., No. 7,]10. CONSTANTINVS AG. (sic).Son buste laur

L*ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 1193. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste cuirasse a gauche,avecle casque laure, tenant une haste sur 1'epauleet un bouclier. Cohen, No. 57 ;FE. 14503.4. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 60 ;FE. 14506 ;4 gr.90.5. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse d gauche avec uncasque a cimier laure et tres orne, tenant unehaste sur 1'epaule et un bouclier. Cohen, No.61 ;BE. MYS. ;H. MVS. Y. [PI. IV., No. 8.]6. CONSTANTINYS P. AG. (sic}. Son buste laure etcuirasse a gauche, tenant un sceptre surmonted'un aigle. Piece inedite. BE. MYS.Y1II. Au revers. CONCOEDIA MILITYM. La Concordedrapee debout a gauche, tenant deux enseignesmilitaires.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste casqueet cuirasse a gauche, tenant une haste et unbouclier. Cohen, No. 69 ;FE.IX. Au revers. SPES EEIPYBL. Constantin a cheval alevant la main droite et tenant unegauche,haste ;devant lui un captif assis, que le chevalfoule au pied.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 553;BE. MYS. ;23 m.m.X. Au revers. SPES EEIPYBLICAE. Constantin a cheval& gauche, tenant une haste et levant la maindroite ;meme captif devant lui.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste casqueet cuirasse & gauche, tenant une haste sur1'epaule et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 555 ;FE.15023; 4 gr. 15; 22 m.m.XI. Au revers. SOLI INYICTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,a demi-nu, debout de. face, regardant a gauche,levant la main droite et tenant nn globe.

120 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 525 ;FE.14893; 4gr. 62; 22 m.m.Les pieces suivantes ont du etre f rappeesannees 312 et 313.dans lesLe No. 397 de Constantin le Grand dans Cohen, reprisde Mionnet, et ainsi decrit :XII. Au rwers. P.M. TE. P. COS. II. P.P. Femme assisesur une double corne d'abon dance, tenant unbaton de la main droite; dans le champ, un astre ;a 1'exergue, PLN.Au droit. ....Ce petit bronze est date de Tannee 312, par le consulatde Constantin ;1'etoile dans lechamp et F exergue indiquentqu'elle fait partie de 1'emission presente.Les pieces qui suivent, portant la legende Adventus Aug.,doivent se rapporter a la premiereentree ou AdventusDim 15 de Constantin a Rome le 28 Octobre 312. Leurpresence dans cette emission confirme leur attributiona Pepoque de 1'entree de Constantin a Home.XIII. Au rever*. ADYENTYS AYG. Constantin a chevala gauche, levant la main droite et tenant unehaste; devant lui un captifassis a terre, quele cheval foule au pied.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son bustevu de dos, casque et cuirasse a gauche, tenantune haste et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 1;FE.14454 ;4 gr. 38;BE. MYS.2. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste cuirasse agauche avec le casque laure, tenant une haste etun bouclier. Cohen, No. 2 ;FE. 14453 ;4 gr.20 ;24 m.m. BE. MYS. Yariete, meme bustesans la couronne de laurier au casque; BE. MYS.15Indique dansle Calendrier de Philocalus, C.I.L., I., p. 397.

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 1213. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse" sigauche, tenant une haste et un bouclier. Pieceinedite. BE. MYS. ;22 m.m. ;4 gr.60.[PLIV., No. 9.]4. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 3 ;FB. 14455,14456 ;22 m.m. ;BE. MYS.ADYENTYS AYGK N. Constantin a chevalXIY. Au revers.a gauche, levant la main droite et tenant unehaste ;devant lui un captifassis a terre, quele cheval foule au pied.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son bustecasque et cuirasse a gauche, tenant une haste etun bouclier. Cohen, No. 6 ; FE.; H. MYS. Y.,25-893.2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.BE. MYS.Cohen, No. 7 ;3. CONSTANTINYS P. AYGK Meme buste. Cohen,No. 8 ;BE. MYS.XY. Au revers. ADYENTYS AYGG. NN. Meme type.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS P. AYGK Son bustecasque, avec le casque radie et cuirasse, a gauche,tenant une haste sur Tepaule et un bouclier.Piece inedite. BE. MYS. ;22 m.m. 16Cette piece de Londres est inedite dans la seriedes monnaies de Constantin le Grand. Une piece d'orde Siscia attribuable a une emission contemporaine etf rappee a Teffigie de Licinius I (Cohen, 143) porte commelegende du revers : Profectio Augg. Ces deux legendespeuvent avoir ete frappees a Foccasion de la rencontredes deux empereurs a Milan en fevrier 313 (conference deMilan et mariage de Licinius et de Constantia).16 De Salis, loc. cit., p. 59, a egalement indique la legendedu revers ADYENTYS AVG. NN. (sic) qui est une variantede celle-ci.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. R

122 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.DEUXIEME SERIE.Signe et lettres dans le champ et exergue : *On trouveI. Au rever8. GENIO POP. EOM. Genie tourele, ademi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere etune corne d'abondance.Au droit. 1. IMP. LICINIYS P.F. AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 53 ;BE.MYS. ;22 m.m.2 et 3. Des pieces analogues de Maximin et de ConstantinAugustes peuvent se placer ici, commedans la premiere serie. Ces deux series sonten effet contemporaines, ainsi que le prouventles poids semblables de leurs folles et 1'analogiede leurs legendes et de leurs types de revers.II. Au revers. PEINCIPI IYYENTYTIS. Constantinlaure, debout a droite, en habit militaire et lemanteau tombant, tenant une haste transversaleet un globe.Au droit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Sonbuste laure et cuirasse a droite- Piece inedite ;voisine de Cohen, No. 416 ;23 m.m.BE. MYS.;2. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYGK Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 418 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 14778.III. Au revers. SECYEITAS AYGG. La Securite, deboutde face, les jambes croisees, regardant a gauche,posant la main droite sur sa tete et appuyeesur une colonne.Au droit. 1.-CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 491 ;H. MYS. Y. ;21 m.m.

1232. OONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste casque etcuirasse a gauche avec le casque laure, tenantune haste dirigee en avant et un bouclier.Cohen, No. 492 ;BE. MVS. [PL IV., No. 10.]3. IMP. LICINIVS P. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 154, rectifie ;au revers la Securite regarde a gauche. FB.14265 ;3 gr. 80 ;22 m.m.IY. Au revers. FELICITAS AVGG. NN. La Felicite ouBorne, casquee, assise a gauche,rameau et un globe.tenant unAu drott. I OONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 143 ;FE. 14577.2. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 144 ;H. MVS. V.3. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse agauche, tenant une haste et un bouclier. Pieceinedite. BE. MYS. ;23 m.m.V. Au revers. MAETI CONSEEYATOEI. Mars en habitmilitaire et le manteau tombant, debout adroite, tenant une haste renversee et appuye surun bouclier.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son bustecasque et cuirasse a gauche avec le casque tresorne, tenant une haste sur 1'epaule et un bouclier.Piece inedite. BE. MYS. ;22 m.m. [PI. IV.,No. 11.]2. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 338 ;H. MYS. Y. ;4 gr. 25.3. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste laure,drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 341;H. MVS. V.

124 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.VI. AU revers. SOLI INVIOTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a gauche,levant la main droite et tenant un globe.17Audroit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Sonbuste laure, drape et cuirass6 a droite. Cohen,No. 534; BE. MVS. ;21 m.m.2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son bustelaure" et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 536 ;BE.MVS. ;ou son buste laure et drape a droite.Turin.VII. An revere. EOMAE EESTITVTAE. Eome casquee,assise a gauche, tenant un rameau et un globe.Audroit. }. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son bustea gauche avec le casque laure, arme d'une hasteet d'un bouclier. Cohen, No. 474 ;H. MVS. V.26-255 ;BE. MVS. [PL IV., No. 12.]2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.Piece inedite. BE. MVS. ;23 m.m.3. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 475 ;BE. MVS. ;FE. 14858 ;3 gr. 97 ;22 m.m.La legende du revers Romae Restitutae,commune a cestrois pieces, doit faire allusion a la prise de Eome parCon stantin apres la bataille du Pont Milvius le 28Octobre 312.Cette emission dut se terminer apres la mort deMaximin Daja en Juin 313, lorsque les monnaies de cetempereur cesserent d'etre frappees. A partir de ce moment,il dut y avoir une premiere frappe de monnaies (debronze) presentant la legendeSoli Invicto Comiti et leslettres du revers et exerguem ITjie^o I-piTvj aux effigies17Des inonnaies portant les memes legendes Marti Conservatoriet Soli Invicto Comiti^ et otfrant les memes types durevers que ceux des pieces ci-dessus, furent frappees a Tarragonedans une emission contemporaine de celle-ci.

'I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 125de Constantin I et de Licinius I; monnaies que j'aiplacees dans les emissions de 314, 315 et 316. Maisil est impossible de Taffirmer tant quepas constate qu'il existe un assez grandTon n'auranombre depieces de Licinius I d'un poids sensiblement superieura celui du denier de bronze dont la frappe commenceen 315. 18 L'emission de ces piecesdevrait en effetdans ce cas avoir eu lieu pendant la periode de paixoft Constantin et Licinius furent seuls empereurs avantleur premiere guerre, qui eut lieu en 314.Les monnaies de Constantin que je vais decrire sontcertainement d'un poids superieur auxdeniers de bronzefrappes en 315. Ce sont de petits folles d'un poidsanalogue a ceux de la fin de remission precedente et quiont du etre frappes eu 314 a 1'effigiede Constantinse ul pendant saguerre avec Licinius.TROISIEME EMISSION.(Frappee en 314.)Lettres dans lechamp et exergue.Jr L^lLes petits folles de cette emission pesent de 4 gr. 10a 5 gr. 30.On trouveI. Au revers. SOLI INYICTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant d gauche,levant la main droite et tenant un globe.Audroit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Sonbuste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 534 ;FE. 9163 ;5 gr. 20 ;22 m.m. ;14922-947-948 ;4 gr. 30 ;22 m.m.18A Tarragone une emission de monnaies de cette sorteparut en effet en 313-314.

126 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.2. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AVG. Sonbuste laureet cuirasse, ou laure, drape et cuirasse a droite.Cohen, No. 536 ;BE. MVS. ;23 m.m. ;FK.15013 ;4 gr. 12 ;23 m.m. [PL IV., No. 13].Constantin et Licinius sont consuls eponymes de Fannee315. A 19 partir du l er Janvier 315, date de leur prise encommun du consulat par Constantin I et Licinius I etde leur rapprochement officiel apres la guerre de 314 ;les pieces de ces deux Augustes sont frappees simultane'-ment dans les ateliers d'Occident et a Rome. L'emission demonnaies de bronze qui eut lieu en 315 et en 316 presentedans laplupart des ateliers plusieurs series contemporaines,differant les unes des autres soit par des exergues soit pardes lettres ou des chiffres dans lechamp du revers desmonnaies.La frappe des monnaies de Licinius ne s'interromptplus, dans les ateliers de Constantin, a partir de 1'annee315 jusqu'a la seconde guerre entre ces empereurs en324, guerre suivie de la mort de Licinius en 325.QUATRIEME EMISSION.Frappee depuis le l er Janvier 315, date de la prise encommun du consulat par Constantin et Licinius, jusqu'aul erMars 317, date de 1'elevation des Cesars.Les monnaies de bronze de cette emission ont le poidsmoyen du denier de bronze de Constantin, 3 grammes50 centigrammes,20dont le signe X se trouve sur lesmonnaies de bronze de remission contemporaine de19Cf . Idat. Fast. ; Chronicon Paschale ; Chronographe de 354 ;Monumenta Gernianiae historica, ix, 67 ; A.nonymus Valesii 5,19.200. Seeck, die Ifiinzpolitik Diocletians u.s. NacJifolger(Zeitschrift f. Numismatik, xvii., p. 129).

FI/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 127Patelier de Eome ; 21 leur diametre est de 20 21 millimetres.C'est done en 315 que Pespece du denier debronze commenca a etre frappeecomme a celui de Rome.dans Patelier de LondresPREMIERE SERIE.Lettres dans lechamp et exergueT I22On trouveAu rtvers.SOLL INVICTO COMITI. Avec le soleilradie, a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant agauche, levant la main droite et tenant un globe.Au droit. I .CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste laure,drape et euirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 521 ;BE. MVS. ;2 gr. 98 ;20 m.m.2. CONSTANTINVS P. AYG. Meme buste. Cohen,No. 524 ;FE. 14888 ; denier, BE. MYS.3. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 525 ;FE. 14895.4. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste laureet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 534 ;BE.MYS. ;3 gr.0-5 ;20 m.m.5. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Meme buste.Cohen, No. 536; BE. MYS.; 3 gr. 30.;20 m.m.6. IMP. LICINIYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 163; BE. MYS. ;20 m.m.81Jules Maurice, Z' atelier monetaire de Rome (RevueNumismatique, 1899, p. 468).22J'ai donne (dans les Memoires de la Societe Nationale desAntiquaires de France, pour 1900) les raisons pour lesquellesil n'etait pas impossible que la lettre F fut la premiere lettrede 1'adjectif Flavianus, et indiqua la dynastie des Flaviens,ou les princes qui ont porte le gentilice Flavius.

128 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Lettres dans le champ et exergueoJ-piOn trouveI. Avec la meme legende, SOLI INVIOTO COMITI,et le ineme type du revers.1. Le No. 521 de Constantin le Grand dans Cohen, dejadecrit. FE. 14887 ;3 gr. 90 ;BE. MYS. ;2 gr. 98 ;20 m.m.2. Au rfm'*. CONSTANTINYS AVG. Son buste casqueet cuirasse a gauche avec le casque tres orne,tenant une haste sur l'6paule et un bouclier.Cohen, No. 523; FE. 14884; 3 gr. 70;BE. MYS. denier. [PL V., No. 1.]3. Le No. 525 de Constantin dans Cohen, deja decrit.FE. 14895.4. IMP. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 530; FE. 14915.5. Le No. 534 de Constantin dans Cohen, deja decrit.FE. 14921 ;2 gr. 55; 21 m.m.6. Le No. 536 de Constantin dans Cohen, deja decrit.BE. MYS.; 21 m.m.; FE. 14920; 3 gr. 50;20 m.m.II. Au revers. GENIO POP. EOM. Genie tourele, a deminu,debout a gauche, tenant une patere et unecorne d'abondance.Audroit. 1. IMP. LICINIYS P.F. AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 53;BE. MYS.; 3 gr. 49; 20 m.m.; FE. 14123,14124.2. Une piece analogue de Constantin doit se placerprobablementici comme dans les autres seriescontemporaines.

-L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 129III. Aurever*. ADVENTVS AVG. N. 23 Constantin a chevala gauche, levant la main droite et tenant unehaste transversale.Au droit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINYS AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BE.MVS.; 3 gr. 30; 21 m.m. H. MVS. V.25-894.[PI. V., No. 2.]2. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse a gauche,tenant une haste et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 9 ;BE. MYS. ;3 gr. 10 ;20 m.m.DEUXIEMELettres dans lechamp et exergueo I-riif r !r M. LLtOn trouveI. Au revers. PEINCIPI IVYENTVTIS. Constantin enhabit militaire et avec le manteau tombant,tenant une haste transversale et un globe.Au droit. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BE.MYS. ;21 m.m. H. MYS. Y. [PI. V., No. 3.]25II. Au revers. ADYENTYS AYG. N. Constantin a cheval agauche, levant la main droite et tenant une haste.23Le second Adventus Dim du Calendrier de Philocalus,ainsi que 1'a demontre Mommsen, C.I.L., 1, p. 397, doitse rapporter au 18 Juillet, 315. La presence de la legendeAdventus Aug. N. montre que cette emission a du etre frappeea 1'occasion de cette entree de Constantin a Eome.24Je ne distingue les series de cette emission que par lesexergues. Avec chaque exergue particulier, PLN, MLL,MSL, et MLN, se presentent des lettres diverses dans lechamp, T.F et S.F., ou S.F. et S.P. Si Ton admet, comme je1'ai suppose, que les lettres F et P sont les premieres desadjectiis Flaviana, Perpetua, il en resulte que les premiereslettres representent des substantifs tels que Tranquillitas,Securitas ;et il n'est pas etonnant que deux de ces formulesaient ete frappees dans une meme serie.25De Salis, loe. cit., PL III., No. 12.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. S

*130 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Au droit. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BE.MVS. ;3 gr. 63 ;20 m.m. 26 ; deja decrite.III. Au revers. GENIO POP. EOM. Genie tourele, ddemi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere etune corne d'abondance.Au droit. 1. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 53 ;FR.14122 ;3 gr. 80 ;21 m.m.2. Une piece de Constantin Augusteplacer ici.doit sans doute seIV. Au revers. MAETI CONSEEVATOEL Mars en habitmilitaire et avec un manteau, debout de face,regardant d gauche, tenant une haste renverseeet appuye sur un bouclier.Au droit. IMP. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 352 ;BE. MYS. ;3 gr. 63.Y. Au revers. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Avec le typedu revers deja decrit.Au droit.IMP. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Meme buste.Cohen, No. 530 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 14907 ;20 m.m.TROISIEME SERIE.On trouveLettres dans le champ Q\ exergueOIM o JuI. Au revers. SOLI INYICIO COMITI. Le soleil radie,a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a gauche,levant la main \iroite et tenant un globe.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, No. 521 ;deja decrit yFE. 14886 ;3 gr. 32 ;21 m.m.26 Cette piece, coming ^ precedente, doit se rapporter a1'entree de Constantin mtjae le 18 Juillet 315.

1312. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen, No. 530 ;deja decrit. BR. MVS. ;20 m.m. ;FR. 14908 ;3 gr. 60 ;20 m.m.3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AG. (w). Son buste laureet cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BR. MVS. ;3 gr. 50 ;21 m.m.4. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure etcuirasse & droite. Cohen, No. 163 ;BR. MVS. ;21 m.m.II. Au rev&rs. GENIO POP. ROM. Le genie tourele, ademi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere etune corne d'abondance.Au droit.mP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 53 ; BR.MVS.; 21 m.m. S ILettres dans le champ et exergueT*' *On trouveI. Au revers. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Avec le typequi vient d'etre decrit.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 524 ;BR. MVS. ;20 m.m.27Le sens de la lettre P n'a pas ete fixe definitivement, mais1'on peut supposer qu'elle est la premiere lettre de 1'adjectifPerpetuus, qui se trouve dans plusieurs legendes des monnaieset medaillons de cette epoque.En groupant les deniers de bronze frappes un peu plus tard(317-324) avec la legende Victoriae Laetae Princ. Perp., j'aiobserve que la lettre P, qui se trouve seule sur le devant deFautel place au milieu du champ de certaines de ces monnaies,est remplacee sur d'autres pieces par la lettre R, les deuxformant le cycle PR, qui se lit partout Perpetua ( Vota].A lameme place sur d'autres pieces encore se trouve la lettre C,que je ne puis expliquer a moins que ce ne soit le nom luimemede 1'empereur Constantin.

132 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.2. Meme legende. Meme buste & gauche. Pieceinedite. BE. MVS. ;21 m.m. [PI. V., No. 4.]3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste laure agauche, avec le manteau imperial. Cohen,No. 533 ;FK. 14919 ;3 gr. 50 ;20 m.m.4. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 163 ;BE. MVS.,le buste laure, drape et cuirasse. FE. 14271.II. Meme legende du revers, avec le soleil radie dansune quadrige de face, se tournant a gauche,levant la main droite et tenant un globe, avecun fouet.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 547 ;FE. 15021 ;2 gr. 60; 21 m.m.2. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 164 ;BE. MVS. ;20 m.m.On trouveQUATRIEME SERIE.Lettres dans le champ et exergueSIFMLNAu revers. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a gauche,levant la main droite et tenant un globe.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 524 ;FE. 14885 ;3 gr. 50.[PL V., No. 5.]2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Meme buste. Cohen,No. 530; FE. 14908; 3 gr. 60; 21 m.m.BE. MVS.3. IMP. LICINIVS P. AVG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 161 ;FE. 14266 ;3 gr. 35 ;21 m.m.

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 133aI~PLettres dans le champ et exergue^j^On trouveI. Au revers.SOIA INVICTO COMITI., avec le typequi vient d'etre decrit.Au droit. I. Le No. 524 de Constantin dans Cohen.BE. MVS.2. Le No. 530 de Constantin dans Cohen. BE. MVS. ;20 m.m.3. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure, drapeet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 163 ;FE.14269, 14270 ;3 gr. 20 ;20 m.m.II. Au revers. GENIO POP. EOM. Avec le genie tourele,a demi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patereet une corne d'abondance.Au droit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG.buste laure et cuirasse a droite.BE. MVS. ;21 m.m.^SonPiece inedite.2. Une piece de Licinius Auguste doit se rencontrer icicomme dans les autres series contemporaines.CINQUIEME EMISSION.Frappee depuis le l cr Mars 317, date de 1'election desCesars, Crispus, Constantin II et Licinius II 28; jusqu'a1'annee 320 ou furent comptes leurs Vota V.Les monnaies de bronze de cette emission sont des28On a pour etablir cette date de 1' election des Cesars lestemoignages des textes les plus autorises sur la chronologiede cette epoque.1. Les Fastes d'ldacei (Gallicano et Basso. His conss.levati tres Caesares :Crispus, Licinius et Constantinus,die Kal. Mart).2. Le Chronicon Paschale donne la meme date et le

'134 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.deniers du systeme de Constantin, d'un poids moyen de3 grammes 50 centigrammes, mais presentant des variationsau dessus ou au dessous de ce poids. Les diametresde ces pieces varient entre 18 et 20 millimetres etsont legerement inferieurs a ceux des deniers de 1' emissionprecedente.On trouvePREMIERE SERIE.Lettres dans le champ et exergueS II*I. Au revers. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a gauche,levant la main droite et tenant un globe.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS P. AVGK Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 524 ;FE. 14887 ;BE. MVS. ;20 m.m.meme jour: cf. Mommsen, Chronica Minora.M.G.H.3. Le Panegyrique d'Eumene x, c. 2 (Nazarii PanegyricusConstantino dictus), qui fixe cinq ansplus tard en 321 les quinquennalia des Cesars.4. Eusebe, Vita Constantini IV, 40, place Felection deConstantin II vers la 1 O me annee du regne deConstantin I, vers 316 ou 317.Enfin, 1'abondante frappe des monnaies qui viennentd'etre decrites en 315 et 316 aux noms de ConstantinI et de Licinius I, seulement, confirme ledire de ces auteurs ainsi ; que la legende AdventusAug. N. frappee a Londres en 315 danscette emission, ou ne paraissent que les deuxempereurs cites. C'est done a tort que I'AnonymusValesii 5, 19, cite Telection des Cesars avantla prise du consulat par Licinius I et ConstantinI en 314 ;cette prise du consulat eut lieu d'ailleursau l er Janvier, et 1' election des Cesarsn'eut lieu qu'en Mars d'apres les meilleuressources.

L*ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 1352. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et cuirassea droite. Cohen, No. 136 ;FE. 15505.3. FL. IYL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Meme buste.Cohen, No. 137 ;FE. 15507 ;3 gr. 95 ;20 m.m.4. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste laure etdrape a droite. Cohen, No. 183; FE. 15812,15816;3 gr. 35; 19 m.m.5. FL. CL. CONSTANTINVS IYN. N.C. Son bustelaure, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen,No. 186; BE. MVS.II. Au revers. CLAEITAS EEIPVBLICAE. 29 Le soleilradie, a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant agauche, levant la main droite et tenant un globe.Audroit. 1. CONSTANTINVS P. AVGK Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 36 ;H. MVS. V.2. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVGK Meme buste. Cohen,No. 37 ;H. MVS, V.3. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et cuirassea droite. Cohen, No, 51 ;FE. 15429.Les monnaies de Licinius I et II sont frappees dansremission contemporaine de Tatelier de Rome avec lalegende lovi Conservatori. Des pieces correspondantesdoivent exister dans la frappe de Londres au moins pourLicinius I le ; jeune Licinius n'ayant peut-etre pas eu demonnaies a son effigie emises a Londres.29Cette legende Cla/ritas Reipullicae apparait dans tous leaateliers d'Occidentapresl' election des Cesars, Crispus, Liciniuset Constantin II. Elle se rencontre generalement sur lespieces des Cesars. L' atelier de Londres, au contraire, frappeindifferemment Soli Invicto Comiti et Claritas Reipullicaesur les monnaies a 1' effigie de Constantin I, ou a celles desCesars.

I136 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.DEUXIEME SERIE.Signe et lettres dans le champ et exergue ^*On trouveI. Au revers. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Le soleilradie, a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant agauche, levant la main droite et tenant un globe.Au droit. 1. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Cohen, No.136 ; deja decrit. BE. MVS. [PI. V., No. 6.]2. FL. IYL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Cohen, No. 137 ;deja decrit. FK. 15508 ;3 gr. 20 ;19 m.m.3. FL. CL. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Cohen,No. 186 ; deja decrit. BE. MVS. ;20 m.m.4. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 525 ;BE. MVS. 30Les pieces des deux Licinius manquent pourcette serie.II. Au revers. PEINCIPIA 1VVENTVTIS. Crispus enhabit militaire, debout a droite, tenant une hasterenversee et appuyant sur un bouclier.Au droit. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laureet cuirasse a droite. Variete de Cohen, No.105; BE. MVS. ;19 m.m.TROISIEME SERIE.Signes et lettres dans le champ et exergueOn trouve*PLNI. Au revers SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Avec le typedeja decrit.Au droit. FL. CL. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C.Cohen, No. 186; deja decrit; BE. MVS.;20 m.m. [_*! V., No. 7.]II. Au revers CLAEITAS EE1PVBLICAE. Avec le typedeja decrit.30De Salis, kc. eit., PL IV. No. 1.

L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 137Au droit. CONSTANTINYS P.P. AYGK Cohen,No. 37; deja decrit ;H. MYS. V.; Milan,Musee Brera.Les monnaies presentant la legendeVictoriae LaetaePrinc. Perp., qui seront decrites plus loin, ont etc f rappeesegalement de 317 a 320.SIXIEME EMISSION.Frappee depuis Pannee 320, pendant laquelle apparaissentles " Vota V " des Cesars, contemporains des " YotaXY" de Constantin le Grand, 31 jusqu'au 8 Novembre324, date de 1'election de Constantius II Cesar, dont lesmonnaies ne font pas encore partie de cette emission.PREMIERE SERIE.Monnaies frappees egalement de 317 a 320.Lettres dans 1'exerguePLNLa legende du revers Victoriae Laetae Princ. Perp., quise presente dans cette serie, 32 se trouve egalement dansune emission contemporaine de 1'atelier de Siscia, sur31Cf. J.Maurice, loc. cit., Revue Numismatique, 1899, p. 476.Le Panegyrique $Eumene x, (Nazarii Panegyricus Constantinodictus) explique cette contemporaneite des Vota.32Cette legende fut f rappee a Siscia avant et en memetemps que les Caesarum Nostrorum Tot. V., et continua & 1'etreen meme temps que les D. N. Con&tantini ou Licini Vot. XX etles Virtus Exercit., qui portent les VOT. XX sur 1'etendarddans lechamp des monnaies. Les series monetaires de Tarragoneou les Tot, X de Constantin le Grand sont inscrits surles monnaies avec la legende Victoriae Laetae Princ. Perp. fontremonter en 317 le debut de la frappe de cette legende. ATreves elle parut en 323, d'apres Hettner (Romische Munzschatzfundein den Rheinldndern\ ( fVestdeutsche Zeitschrift., 1887,p. 147).VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. T

138 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.des pieces qui portent lemonogramme Constantinien.Aucun signe chretien, au contraire, ne parait avoir etefrappe dans 1'atelier de Londres. Les monnaies de cetteemission sont de 1'espece du denier de bronze.On trouveI. Au revers. VICTOBIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.,et comme type: Deux victoires debout, posantAudroit. 1 . CONSTANTINVSsur un autel un bouclier sur lequel celle quiest a gauche a inscrit VOT. P.E.AG. (sic).Son bustecuirasse d droite avec le casque laure. Variete deCohen, No. 633; BE. MVS. 332. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste cuirassea gauche, avec le casque orne d'un crinier, ettenant une haste ;sans bouclier. Cohen, No.638 ;BE. MVS. [PL V., No. 8.]3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AG. (sic).Variete deCohen, No. 638 ;BE. MVS. 344. IMP. CONSTANTINVS MAX. AVG. Son bustecuirasse a droite, avec le casque laure. Cohen,No. 640 ;BE. MVS., denier. 35Le revers de cette piece presente une couronne sur laface anterieure de 1' autel.5. CEISPVS NOB. CAESAE. Son buste laure, drapeet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 148 ;BE.MVS.Meme revers avec une couronne.33 De Salis, loc. cit., PL IV, No. 5.34Idem., PL IV, No. 5.35Le No. 635 de Constantin le Grand dans Cohen, 2 meedition, est indique par Madden (Num. Chron., 1877, p. 48)comme presentant une croix equilaterale sur la face anterieurede 1'autel et a 1'exergue PLN. Ce doit etre parerreur. La collection du British Museum indiquee par Maddencontient bien une telle piece, mais avec 1'exergue deTarragone, T T. Je n'ai pas trouve des signes chretiens surles monnaies frappees a Londres sous Constantin. 0, Voettern'en signale pas non plus dans : JSrste Christliche Zeichen aufromischen Hunzen (Numismatische ZeitscJirift, 1892, p. 41).

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LCXNDRES. 1396. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste radio, drapeet cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No. 219; BE.MVS. ;18 m.m. FE. 15821 ;3 gr. 40.Meme revers.7. FL. IYL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste drapea droite, avecle casque laure. Cohen, No. 151 ;FE. 15512 ;3 gr. 15 ;19 m.m.8. FL. CL. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son busteradie, drape et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No219 ;FE. 15821 ;3 gr. 40 ;18 m.m.Monnaies frappees seulement de 320 324.II. Au r^r*. VIETVS EXEECIT. Un etendard, aupied duquel sont assis deux captifs celui de;droite a les mains liees derriere le dos et retournela tete, celui de gauche est dans 1' attitudesur 1' etendard VOT XX.de la tristesse ;Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS AVG-. Son bustecasque et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 695 ;BE. MVS. ;19 m.m. ;FE. [PI. V., No. 9.]362. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste casque et cuirassea droite. Cohen, No. 179; BE. MVS.; FE.19 m.m.15530; 3 gr. 40;3. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste radieet cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No. 252 ; BE.MVS.4. CEISPVS NOBIL. C. Son buste casque et cuirassea droite. Cohen, No. 173 ;FE. 15533.L'extremite superieure de lahampe de 1'etendard sur ces36Avec les legendes Victor iae Laetae, etc., et Virtus Exercit.aucun signe chretien ne parait etre sorti de 1'atelier de Londres,tandis que le monogramme apparaissait sur les monnaiesportant la legende Virtus Exercit. a Siscia, a Aquilee, aTarragone, et a Treves, et avec Victoriae Laetae Princ. Perp. aSiscia ;cf. 0. Voetter, loo. cti., et notamment PI. II. No. 73a 75, et Madden, loc. tit.

140 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.pieces parait se terminer par une croix et a etc consideredcomme telle 37 ;tandis qu'il ne s'agit que d'une apparencepurement fortuite. L'on pent s'en convaincre par la comparaisond'un grand nombre de pieces qui presententplus ou moins la croix apparehte suivant le degre d'usure;du bras transversal de la croix forme par la ligne superieuredu drapeau attache a la hampe.III. Au revers. CONSTANTINI AVG. Autour de YOTISXX en trois lignes dans le champ.Au droit. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, No. 84. Milan, Musee Brera,No. 7,348.DEUXIEME SERIE.F rappee egalement de 317 a 320.Lettres dans 1'exergue p~y avec deux captifsassis dos ados entre les lettres P et L.I. Au revers. VICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.Deux victoires debout, posant un bouclier surau autel;sur le bouclier sont inscrits lesVOT. P.E.Au droit. L CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste cuirassea droite, avec le casque surmonte d'unecrinier. Cohen, No. 631 ;FE. 15072 ;BE. MVS.2 IMP. LIC1NIVS AVG. Son buste laure et cuirassea droite. Cohen, No. 174 ;FE. 14318.3. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Meme buste. Cohen, No.177; FE. 14319.4. D.N. CEISPO NOB. CAES. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 155 ;BE. MVS. ;FE. 15517.37Cf. Cavedoni, Tresor de Numismatique ; Garrucci, NumismaticaConstantino, ; Madden, Christian emblems on coins of ConstantineI (Num. Chron., 1877, pp. 258-260).

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 1415. D.N. CONSTANTINO IVN. NOB. C. Son bustelaure et drape a droite. Cohen, No. 227 ; BE.MYS. 38Une serie de pieces se presente avec le meme revere,mais avec les captifs seulement et sans lettres a 1'exergue.Au droit. 1. IMP. LICINIYS AYGK Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 176 ;EE. 14316.2. CONSTANTINYS AYGK Cohen, No. 631, deja decrit ;BE. MYS. [PL V., No. 10.]3. CEISPYS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et drape adroite. Cohen, No. 156 ;Musee de Turin.4. Le No. 219 de Constantin II dans Cohen doit seplacer ici.5 D.N. CEISPO NOB. CAES. Son buste laure etdrape a droite. Cohen, No. 155 ;BE. MYS. ;20 m.m. 396. D.N. CONSTANTINO IYN. NOB. C. Son bustelaure et drape a droite. Cohen, No. 227 ;BE.MYS. ;19 m.m. ;EE. 15824, 15825 ;3 gr. 40.TROISIEME SERIE.Frappeeseulement de 320 a 324.iLettres dans 1'exerguePLONOn trouveI. Au revers. YIETYS EXEECIT. Avec le type40deja decrit.de reversAu droit. 1. CEISPYS NOBIL. C. Son buste casqueet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 173 ;EE.15534; BE. MYS.38De Salis, loo. ciL, PL IY, No. 7.39Idem., PI. IY, No. 6.40Je n'ai pas trouve de pieces de Constantin I et de LiciniusI avec cette legende dans cette serie, mais elles doivents'y rencontrer.

142 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.2. CONSTANTINVS IYN. N.C. Son buste radio etcuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No. 252 ;BE,. MVS.II. Au refers. Meme legende. Trophee, au pied duquelsont assis deux captifs, celui de gauche dans1'attitude de la tristesse, 1'autre les mains lieesderriere le dos retourne la tete.Au droit. CONSTANTINVS IYN. N.C. Son busteradie, drape et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No.262 ;BE. MYS. [PI. V., No. 11.]III. Aurevers. BEATA TEANQVILLITAS. Un autelsur lequel repose un globe, au dessus duquel1'on voit deux ou trois etoiles ;on lit sur 1' autelVOTIS XX.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste laurea droite, avec le manteau imperial, tenant unsceptre surmonte d'un aigle. Cohen, No. 17 ;BE. MYS. ;H. MVS. V.2. Meme legende ;meme buste a gauche. Cohen, No.18 ;FE. 14470 ;3 gr. 20 ;19 m.m. 413. CEISPVS NOBIL. C. Son buste casque et cuirassea droite. Cohen, No. 12 ;FE. 15359 ;3 gr. 20 ;19 m.m.4. Meme legende. Son buste casque et euirasse a gauche.Cohen, No. 13; FE. 15360, 15361 ;BE. MVS.5. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste radie etdrape a gauche. Cohen, No. 16; FE. 15579;3 gr. 60 ;20 m.m.IV. Au revers. BEAT. TEANQLITAS. (sic).Eevers dejadecrit avec la legende Beata Tranquillitas. Cettelegende Beat. Tranqlitas. est particuliere a1'atelier de Londres.41Je n'ai pas trouve de pieces de Licinius I avec cettelegende. Quant a Licinius II, jen'ai trouve aucune de sesnionnaies f rappees a Londres, et je ne puis dire si c'est acause de la tres grande rarete de ces monnaies, ou s'il a reellementpas ete frappe de pieces a son emgie dans 1'atelier deLondres.

I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 143Audroit. 1. CONSTANTINYS AVGL Son buste casqueet cuirasse a gauche avec le ; casque quelquefoistres orne. Cohen, No. 26 ;BE. MYS. ;FB.14487.2. Meme legende; meme buste a droite. Piece inedite.BE. MVS. 423. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a gauche,tenant un sceptre surmonte d'un aigle. Cohen,No. 28 ;BE. MYS. 434. Meme legende ;memeBE. MYS. ;buste a droite. Cohen, No. 29 ;FB. 1448; 3 gr. 50; 19 m.m.5. CEISPYS NOBIL. 0. Son buste casque et cuirassea gauche, tenant une haste et un bouclier.Cohen, No. 28 ;FE. 15377.6. Meme legende. Meme buste mais laure. Cohen,No. 27 ;BE. MYS. 447. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse dgauche. Cohen, No. 29 ;FE. 15378.8. Meme legende. Meme buste a droite. BE. MYS. 459. CONSTANTINYS IYN. N.C. Son buste casque etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 9 ;FE. 15591.buste a gauche. Cohen, No.10; FE. 15593.10. Meme legende ;memeY. Au revers. SABMATIA DEYICTA. Yictoire marchanta droite, tenant un trophee et une palmeet mettant le pied sur un captif assis qui retournela tete.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS AYGK Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, No. 487, corrige ;BE. MYS. 4642De Salis, loo. cit., PL IY., No. 9.43, 44, 4546De Salis, loc. cit., PI. IY., No. 10. Cette monnaie serapporte a la victoire de Constantin sur les Sarmates en 322 ;cf. Porphyrii Carmina, vi., 22 ;Zosime (Hist, ii., 21) la placeavant le sejour de Constantin a Thessalonique, ou ilpreparaen 323 sa guerre centre Licinius. (Cod. Theodos., iii., 23, 1.)

144 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.TCI I T>Lettres dans lechamp et exergue -pT L^Les monnaies qui suivent font partie de la meme serieque celles qui precedent ; en effet, les meme pieces sepresentent avec et sans les lettres F B dans le champde leurs revers. 47On trouveI. Au revers. BEATA TEANQYILLITAS. Avec le reversdeja decrit pour cette legende.Au droit. 1. CEISPVS NOBIL. 0. Son buste casqueet cuirasse a gauche Cohen, No. 13; FE.15360, 15361 ;3 gr. 40; 19 m.m.2. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste radie etdrape a gauche. Cohen, No. 16; FE. 15580.On trouveII. Au revers. BEAT. TEANQLITAS (sic).Avec le reversdeja indique pour cette legende.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen, No. 28 ;deja decrit; BE. MVS.2. CONSTANTINVS AG. (sic). Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite, tenant un sceptre surmonted'un aigle. Cohen, No. 30; BE. MVS.47Les lettres P et A ont ete indiquees comme existant aussidans le champ du revers de ces pieces. (Of. Hettiier, Rom.Miinzschatzfunde in den Rheinl., Westdeutsche Zeitschrift, 1888,p. 122.) Quant aux signes chretiens que les anciensauteurs ont vus (cf. Garrucci, loc. cit,)sur les monnaies, quiportent cette legende du revers, ce sont les diagonales quiforment un dessin ressemblant a un croix sur le devant de1'autel, surlequel les victoire-s deposent leur bouclier, qui y ontdonne lieu, ainsi que les meridiens qui divisent le globe posesur 1'autel.

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 1453. CEISPVS NOBIL. 0. Cohen, No. 28 ;deia decrit :BE. MYS. [PI. V., No. 12.]4. Meme legende. Cohen, No. 29; deja decrit; FE.15379.5. CONSTANTINYS IVN. N.C. Son buste radie etcuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No. 8;BE. MYS.[PL V., No. 13.]QUATRIEME SERIE.Je n'ai trouve que deux pieces presentant 1'exerguesuivant.On trouveAu mws.T-CAESAEYM NOSTEOEYM autour d'unecouronne de laurier, dans laquelle on lit YOT. X.Au droit. 1. IYL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, No. 44 ;FE. 15417 ;2 gr. 80 ;19 m.m. [PL V., No. 14.]2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Sa tetelauree a droite. Cohen, No. 33 ;BE. MYS. 48SEPTIEME EMISSION.Frappee depuis 1'election de Constance II Cesar le 849Novembre 324, jusqu'au sejour de Constantin a Eomede Juillet a 50Septembre 326.Cette emission contient en effet des monnaies de Crispuset de Fausta qui ont ete frappees jusqu'a cette epoque,48 De Salis, loc. cit., PI. IY., No. 11. Le YOT. X. desCesars se trouve dans 1'emission de Eome frappee en. 320-324. (Jules Maurice, Revue Niimismatique, 1899, p. 476.)49Idat. Fast. ; Chron. Pasch. ;cf . J. L1Maurice, ateliermonttaire de Rome (Revue Numismatique, 1899, p. 486).60Troisieme Adventus Divide. 21 Juillet, C.I.L., I, p. 397.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.U

146 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.d'apres les indications fournies par les frappes de Tatelierd'Antioche. 51 Les pieces de bronze de cette emission sontuniquement du type du denier de Constantin.Lettres dans 1' exergue PLONiOn trouveI. Au revers. PEOYIDENTIAE AYGG. Porte de campouverte au milieu, surmontee de deux tours ;au dessus une etoile.Au dr^. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, No. 454; BE. MVS FE.;14802.II. Au m;m. PEOYIDENTIAE OAESS. Meme type durevers.Au droit. 1. FL. IYL. CEISPYS NOB. CAES. Sonbuste laure et drape a droite. Cohen, No. 124 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 15483.2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 164 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 15769; 3 gr. 30; 19 m.m.3. FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. 0. Son buste laure,drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 168 ;BE. MYS.4. FLA. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son buste laure,drape et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BE.MYS. 52III. Au revers. SECYEITAS EEIPYBLICE. La Securitevoilee, debout a gauche, tenant un rameaubaisse et soutenant sa robe.51J. Maurice, Emissions monltaires de F atelier d'Antioche(Num. Chron., 1899, p. 237).K De Salis, he. cit., PL IY., No. 12.

L*ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LOXDRES. 147Au droit.F~L. HELENA AYGVSTA. Son buste drapea droite, avec un diademe orne de perles etun collier forme de deux rangs de perles.Cohen, No. 12; BE. MYS. 20 m.m. Fl. V.,No. 15.]IV. Au revers. SALVS EEIPVBLICAE. Fausta voilee,debout a gauche, tenant Oonstantin II et ConstanceII, enfants, dans ses bras.Audroit. FLAY. MAX. FAYSTA. AG. (no). Sonbuste coitfe en cheveux a droite et drape.Cohen, Nos. 6 et 7 ;BE. MYS. ;26 m.m. 53L'atelier de Londres ferme en 326, a Tepoquede lamort de Crispus et de Fausta, dont les pieces font partiede sa derniere emission. La legende Providentiae Caess.se pre'sente sur les monnaies de Crispus en meme tempsqae sur celles de Constance II. Cet atelier ne se rouvreplus sous le regne de Constantin le Grand.54JULES MAURICE.63 De Salis, loo. tit., PL IY, No. 13.84Je n'ai pas trouve de monnaies d'or frappees a Londrespendant la periode Constantinienne. J'ai demontre dansmon etude sur 1'atelier d'Antioche (Num. Chron., 1899, p.237), que les dernieres emissions qui contiennent les piecesde Crispus et de Fausta ne cesserent d'etre frappees qu'enAout ou Septembre, 326.

VII.ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS.IT was for many years a disputed point among numismatistswhether the very rare coins of Ecgberht with theB reverse type should be given to the king of that namein Kent (765 c. 779), or to the son of Offa who reignedin Mercia for six months after his father's decease. 1 Itwas objected, however, and rightly so,that the latter wasprobably called Ecgferth and not Ecgberht ; and therehas been for some time a consensus of opinion that thecoins in question2were attributable correctly to Ecgberhtof Kent, 3 Hawkins and the Museum authoritieshaving concurred in this arrangement. In Hawkins 4 weread :".... but as the two moneyers Udd and Babbaboth appear on the coins of Offa, and this monogram, andtypes very similar to these, also appear on his coins (cf.Ruding V, 25, 31, 32, &c.), there can be little doubt thatthis King Ecgberht had some close connection with Offa.1Hawkins, Silver Coins of England, 3rd Edition, p. 31.2I only know of four coins of this king, one in the BritishMuseum (Udd moneyer), one in the Hunter collection (Babba),and two that were Mr. Montagu's (Udd and Babba). I believethere is one in the Paris collection.3He should be properly described as Ecgberht II, to distinguishhim from his predecessor (664 673). He is so describedby Searle, Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings, and Nobles, p. 266.4Silver Coins of England, 3rd Edition, p. 32.

ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 149Now, Babba struck coins in Kent for Eadbearht Praen,794 to 798, and Duda, very likely the same person asUdd, for Cuthred 798 to 805 : and from about the year774 when Offa defeated the men of Kent at Ottford, to823 when Ecgberht of Wessex subdued them, Kent wasalmost entirely under the control of the kings ofMercia. These coins, therefore, struck bythe Kentishmoneyers Udd and Babba, no doubt bear the name of theKentish King Ecgberht, who, after the battle of Ottford,was probably, like his successors Cuthred and Baldred,king only in name ;and most likely the coins struck byUdd and Babba for Offa were struck in Kent, as wereseveral coins of Offa's successors, Coenwlf and Ceolwlf.be worth while to notice that Uda is one of theItmaywitnesses to the charter of Ecgberhtbefore mentioned/'There were therefore strong grounds for giving thesepennies to Ecgberht of Kent, and I think the presentcoin, figured above, not only places that attributionbeyond cavil, but at the same time it enables me to fillanother numismatic gap in the series of Kent, as I canconfidently ascribe it to a King Heahberht who reignedjointly with this King Ecgberht in Kent. It also addsanother unique coin to our national series. These twotypesseries,therefore stand first at the head of the Kentishthe wolf and twin type of Ethelbert having beenmore correctly removed to the king of that name inEast Anglia.

150 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.This coin, of which an illustration is given above,be readmayObv. ^ HEABEKHT between two dotted lines ;incentre Be.Eev.60BA between limbs of cross, each limb ending inan annulet, containing a pellet ;the cross voidedin centre and containing a pellet ;a pellet alsoin centre of the letter O. 5It has unfortunately been slightly broken on one side, andfor this reason only weighs 11 grains, being therefore,in comparison with Ecgberht's pennies (B. M. Cat., vol.i,Kent 1), light even allowing for the break, withoutwhich it would probably have weighed about 15 grains.The coin of Ecgberht in the National Collection weighs17*3 grains. These coins seem heavier than most of thesceattas which they must have followed at no greatinterval, and in this respect they may be compared withthe half sceatta, halfpenny, or transition coins of Beonnaof East Anglia, which weigh about 16'3 grains, whilst thecontemporary novi denarii of Pepiiion the Continent areslightly heavier (752 768). I believe that there was atendency on both sides of the water at this period toincrease the weight of the coin and its size ;and if Sigered'scoins should ever turn up, we may expect them tobe more like sceattas and still lighter in weight. As to thesource whence the gc on the reverse is descended, it maybe noticed that thismonogram denoting REX is fairlycommon on the pennies of Pepin,6 and may be the originof it. In connection with these early pennies, the coins5Eoba always placed a dot, characteristic of his work, in theO on Offa's and Cynethryth's pennies. The last coins withthis moneyer's name in Coenwulfs time are probably struck byanother moneyer of the same name, as the dot is omitted.6Engel and Serrure, Xwn. du Moyen-Age, vol. i., pp. 199, 200.

ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 151of Beonna and JEthelberht of East Anglia are interesting.The coins of the former have in my opinion very rightlybeen given to the second king of that name (circa 760) ;the earlier attribution of Hawkins (p. 55) not being admissible,whilst the unique coin of the latter, which isin theBritish Museum, after being suspected for many years has,I think, rehabilitated its character. 7 Surely the counterfeiteror supposed fabricator would never have thought ofplacing a compartment derived from an ancient Homantype on the coin at a time when, numismatically speaking,hardly any early pennies can be attributed to East Anglia,whilst it is precisely for that reason that it has beengiven to that state. I believe this compartment type, ofwhich we see the last remains on Beonna's and ^Ethelberht'scoins, to have been peculiar to the north of theThames or Anglian side of the country, whilst the southernor Kentish types of the penny may have been derived fromthe Continental novi denarii, after the older mute and highlyornamented types of sceattas had become obsolete.this was due toPerhapsthe position of Kent, being adjacent tothe Continent, with which it was more likely than thenorthern states to have had some commercial intercourse.Heahberht, like Ecgberht,seems to have been a subregulusor tributary prince of Offa, King of the Mercians,who subdued the men of Kent at Ottford about 774, justabout the time when Heahberht succeeded to the throne.No mention of the latter occurs in any chronicles, nor ishis parentage known,our knowledge of him being confinedto three charters in which his name appears as asignatory e.g., first, a charter of Offa in 764 relating toland at .ZEslingaham or Frindsbury on the Medway. This7Bought by the British Museum in 1803 for 1 8s.

152 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.grant commences ":Ego Offa, Rex Merciorum, "regaliMerciorum oriundus . . . . Et hoc cum consensuprosapiaet licentia archiepiscopi nostri Bregouuini atque Heaberhtiregis Cantiae, et principum nostrorum. . . . Ego Heaberhtusrex consensi et subscripsi."8Secondly, a grant by Ecgberht to Eardulf, Bishop ofRochester (A.D. 765), of land within the castle walls ofRochester, which is confirmed by Heahberht. "EgoHeaberhtus rex Cant, testis consensi et subscripsi/*9whichis also confirmed by Offa of Mercia. In this charter Heahberhtappears to be subordinate to Ecgberht, but thereseems to be no evidence as to whether one king had EastKent and the other West Kent, though doubtless this wasthe case, as Sigered (760)is described in an earlier charteras "rex dimidiae partis provinciae Cantuariorum " (Birch,No. 194).Lastly, there is a grant by Ecgberht to Diora, Bishop ofRochester, of land at Hailing on the Medway (765791). Here Ecgberht signs first and uses the expression" roboravi," whilst Heahberht has "subscripsi" in asimilar fashion to the Archbishop (Jaenberht) who followshim. 10Itmay be noted that this penny offers a unique instanceof two kings of a heptarchic state striking coins of thesame type at the same period.Kent was more conservativethan the other states, owing to the retentionthere ofa double kingdom or ; possibly there may have been somesort of dual control, an ancient system and a survival ofone under which many petty kings lived in close juxtaposi-Text. Roff., folio 123 ;Cart. Sax. (Birch), vol. i., No. 195.89Text. Roff., folio 126 ;Cart. Sax. (Birch), vol. i., No. 196.Text. Roff., folio 127 ;Cart. Sax. (Birch), vol. i., No. 260.10Mr. Birch has assured me that these charters are genuine.

ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 153tion, of whom many have escaped being chronicled.Thorpe speaks of the septs or clans who from theearliest time had their leaders, whose powers were tomerge finally into the regal power, subject only tothe allpowerfulBretwalda. On this point Kemble says u :" Weare tolerably familiar with the fact that at least eightkingdoms existed at once in Saxon England ; but manyreaders of English history have yet to learn that royaltywas much more widely spread, even at the time when wehear of but eight, seven, or six predominant kings :as thisis a point of some interest, a few examples may not beamiss. It isprobable that from the veryearliest timesKent had at least two kings, whose capitals were respectivelyCanterbury and Rochester, the seat of two bishoprics.12 The distinction of East and West Kentingsispreserved till the very downfall of the Saxon monarchy :not only do we know that Eadric and Hlothhere reignedtogether, but also that Wihtred and his son -ZEthelberhtthe Second did so. ... The later years of JEthelberhtthe Second must have seen his power shared with Eadberht,Eardhulf, Sigiraed, and Ecgberht, and Sigirsed deliberatelycalls himself king of half Kent."Coins bearing a double royal name in Anglo-Saxontimes have, I believe, not hithertol3been met with, thoughthere are well-known examples of the joint issue of kingand archbishop. The following coin, bearing the names11Saxons in England, vol. i., p. 148.12It has been said by an eminent authority that the physicalboundaries of the episcopal sees in England would often be conterminouswith the more ancient and less known petty kingdomsof the Heptarchy.13Palgrave says, " Probably one was king of West Kent andthe other of East Kent" (English Commonwealth, vol. ii., p.cclxix.).VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. X

154 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.of Berhtwulf of Mercia and .^Ethelwulf of Wessex, isspecially interesting from a numismatic as well as froman historical point of view. This coin, of which an illustrationis given, may be readObv. BERHTl/F REX. Bust to r., diademed.Rev. ITtEDEJ/^l/F EE+. Cross pattee over crosspattee.The obverse of this coin is almost, if not exactly, the typeof No. 119, B. M. Catalogue, in the Berhtwulf series, whilston the reverse the above remarkable legend appears, withthe cross over a cross, a type which had already appearedon the coins of Ecgbeorht of Wessex, 14 and was continuedalso on .^Ethelwulf's. 15 It may be noticed that the styleof lettering here is not of the usual kind, sharp, thin atthe surface, broad at the base, but it is rounded andof nearly the same thickness all through, in which particularsit resembles the work of Mercia rather than thatof Kent or Wessex. A great resemblance may be tracedto the style of Dun, 16 a moneyer who was also under theMercian Kings, Ceolwulf I and Coenwulf. On the coinsof the latter the cross preceding the king's name is somewhatpeculiar, the horizontal stroke of this emblem being141516Cfr. B. M. Cat., vol. ii., Ecgbeorht, Type viii.Cfr. B. M. Cat., vol. ii., PI. III. 3, 9, and the obverse of 11.Cfr. B. M. Cat., vol. ii., PI. III. 11. The name of Dunalso occurs afterwards as a York moneyer of Eadgar, and alsoof Eadweard II, and therefore it seems to have belonged toan Angle district, not to a Saxon one.

ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 155very thick and altogether disproportionateto the sidestrokes. This may be taken as a guide to the peculiarcharacter on the reverse of my coin, which would appearto be a degraded cross of this class, the side arms havingdisappeared by corruption of type. The stroke therefore atthe beginning of the reverse legend is probably the usualfamiliar cross, and not a part of the name, or, as it is notunfrequent in Saxon coins, an abbreviation of some kind.With regard to the letters on the reverse, itmaybe noticed that the number of these which are runes isunusually great at this period, pointing to an Anglian(i.e. 9 Mercian) origin, not Saxon (i.e., Kentish), 17 as thereare at least four if not five of these instead of the usualRoman letters namely, the th, an e, two 1's, both the latterupside down, and a peculiar- looking character between thetwo last letters, which may be similar to that found onCynwulf's 18 coins of Eanred and Eanbald II, in whichcase it would probably be the vowel sound A or Y. 19But I think that this letter is more likely to be a Romanone, and that it represents the double V common on Anglo-Saxon pennies, which seems to have replaced the olderWen or Runic form when followed by V. Curiouslyenough, on Dun's coins 20 we get the form Y (sometimesin the moneyer's name as well as the king's), whichletter connects the characters somewhat closely. This17On Anglo-Saxon pennies we seldom get runes or runicsurvivals, unless they were struck north of the Thames i.e., inan Anglian district. This rule, I believe, may be found a safeguide in appropriating some of the later sceattas.18B. M. Cat., vol. L, pp. 146, 147, 190, 191.19See Stephens, Runic Monuments. This form hardly appearson the Anglian monuments. According to this author, itshould always represent a vowel sound.30B. M. Cat., vol. ii., p. 20 ;and also Num. Cliron., ThirdSeries, xiv., PL IV. 6.,',

156 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.same form on Dun's coins appears also on a coin 21 of Beagmund,who has been inferred to be a Mercian moneyerfrom the double M obverse type, struck during Ecgbeorht'sreign. It is somewhat unfortunate that in22mycoin the title REX on the obverse should not be asclear as itmight be, owing to bad condition ;but enoughremains, I think, of the R to show the engraver's intention ;the space also could hardly enclose other letters than EX.It ispresumable that the concurrence of Berhtwulf's and.ZEthelwulf's names on this coin is due to the former kingbeing, at least in some degree, in a state of some dependenceon the latter ;but was he in such a position that wemay infer the latter to have been his overlord in the samedegree that Ecgbeorht was to Wiglaf, and that he himselfwas at a later date to his son-in-law Burgred ? Wiglaf,Berhtwulf's predecessor, was subject to Wessex, havingbeen deposed (828) and subsequently restored by Ecgbeorht;and it was by the successful operations of thelatter at Hengestduna, that Berhtwulf afterwards was in aposition to occupy the throne of Mercia in some conditionof security from the ever-increasing ravages of the Danes.Wiglaf having in that year (828) sworn fealty and paidtribute to Ecgbeorht, the latter, according to Mr.Grueber, 23 probably struck coins as King of Mercia forsome period, Wiglaf not striking again. But of .ZEthel-24wulf he " says: Of a gentle nature, and more disposed tospend a quiet life than to rule over wide dominions, andalso having to turn his attentions to securing the safety2113. M. Cat., vol. ii., p. 4.Perhapsall Dun's coins werestruck in Mercia.22Num. Chron., Third Series, xiv., p. 61.23Num. Chron., Third Series, xiv., p. 65.24Num. Chron., Third Series, xiv., p. 72.

ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 157of his own kingdom against the attacks of the Vikings,^Ethelwulf relaxed his rule over Mercia. One of theresults of which was that we find in a short time Wiglaf'ssuccessor Berhtwulf resuming the monetary rights of hispredecessor." Thorpe 25 has assumed the suzerainty ofWessex over Mercia at this period he " ; says: Immediatelyfolio wing these events a fleet of Northmen, consistingof no less than three hundred sail, arrived at themouth of the Thames, whence they penetrated to Canterburyand even to London (then chief city of Mercia),both of which they took and plundered, having put toflight the army of Berhtwulf, the tributary king of theMercians. " But there appears to be no mention of tributaryking in any of the authorities he quotes, or inany other place, including the various charters and Palgrave,26 who made a schedule of the various states of;theHeptarchy, expressly omits any overlord of Mercia duringBerhtwulf s reign.In the absence of evidence of this dependence ofMercia on Wessex, can we regard the former state ashaving been then subject to the latter in any greaterdegree than might be supposed would have followed asa natural sequence from Ecgbeorht's prestige in formeryears ? May not her position have somewhat resembledthat of North-Humbria, during the reign of Ecgbeorht,which was mediatised, if we may use a modern term ofhim when that state sub-diplomacy in so rude an age, bymitted to him at Dore ? As, therefore, it would appearthat Berhtwulf was unhampered by ^Ethelwulf in his regal25Lappenberg's Hist, of England under the Anglo-SaxonKings, vol. ii., p. 21.Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth, Proofsand Illustrations, p. cclxxxi.

158 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.prerogative to issue coins for Mercia, we may ask the question,For what place was this penny with a double legendissued ?, unless we come to the prosaic conclusion that thecoin is a " mule " with two obverses. This in my opinionwould be an unsatisfactory view, as it does not accountfor the general appearance of the coin and for the strangelegend on the side bearing the name of ^Ethelwulf, whichiswholly dissimilar to anyothers of his. WhetherBerhtwulf struck coins in other places than Mercia it isdifficult to say some coins certainly bear the East Anglian27A on the reverse ;but his sovereignty there must havebeen of an empty nature, and resembled ours in latertimes over France, when we stillkept upking of that country after our possessionsthe title ofthere hadlong vanished. London, perhaps including Middlesex,may have been a bone of contention from a mintage pointof view between the two kings, and they may haveagreed toshare the latter between them and have struckthis coin jointlyin that city.We learn that London,formerly capital of Essex, was incorporated with the latterinto Mercia about the middle of the seventh century, andthat when Essex submitted to Ecgbeorht (823)this towncontinued to belong to Mercia, for which reason we findBerhtwulf defending it unsuccessfully against the Danes,after whose ravagesit was not rebuilt till the reign ofAlfred the Great. If the kings of Wessex after Ecgbeorhthad continued to mint for Mercia, we might expectsome evidence of that fact on coins, but such is not thecase, as far as we know, and Berhtwulf s position ofresponsibility for London might, on primd-focie grounds,27Vide Hawkins, p. 62, where Burgred also has this letteron one of Dudecil's coins.

ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 159be deemed sufficient evidence of his minting at that city,whilst it would not be likely that the King of Wessexwould give up altogether a privilege acquired by his illustriouspredecessor.Hence, on these grounds, a jointissueby the two kings is not unlikely.The next coin which I would notice is a penny of Ecgbeorhtof Wessex, with the title of King of the Mercians," Rex Merciorum." Though unfortunately a fragmentonly, it is unique and highly interesting.It was found atRochester, and acquired by Mr. Humphry Wickham, ofStrood, in Kent, and is now in my collection. Thefollowing is an illustration and descriptionof it.Obv. * E . . . . EHTcircle.VDF Bev.* E . . .EEX

160 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.happily suggested by Mr. Grrueber that he seized thatmint, being, I think, unassailable. Why Redmundturned the uncial N 28 upside down, and transposed thatletter and the D, it is hard to say, but these peculiaritiesenable one to identify his workmanshipseems evident that the monogramat once. Itin the field of the reverseis a degraded copy of the SAXO type ; which, from itshaving been ^Ethelwulf's as well as Ecgbeorht's, one wouldapprehend to have been last, or very late, in the series ofthe latter king. If we regard this coin as struck, exhypothesi^ about 827, there is a gap of eleven yearsbefore ^Ethelwulf used this monogram, certainly a longperiod for its revival at this time, when monetary changesof type succeeded each other so rapidly.In the following piece we have a new variety ofJEthelwulf s coinage.Obv. E .... VLF EE. Bust r., diademed.Jku. . . ..j, TYND TON. Straight line, the ends degradedfrom the moline form to lozenge-shapeddots, between two crescents.This is evidently the moneyer Beagmund, being completelyin his style, and the reverse is a degraded form ofN.C. Ser. Ill, xiv, PL IV, 13, which it resembles inother respects, the type of obverse being also similar.28Cfr. the N of similar shape on Twicga's pennies of Eadmundof East Anglia (B. M. Cat., vol. i., p. 93, Nos. 82 to 86).

ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 161The last piece that I would bring to the notice of theSociety is another coin of Ecgbeorht of Wessex. It is anew combination of Sir John Evans' coin (Type XVI,B. M. Catalogue for reverse, and Type XV for obverse).The 'moneyeris Swefherd.Obv. 4.HECB EX. Cross pattee.Rev. . . EFHER.. Cross of five limbs pattes ; around,inscription between two circles.This coin is not without interest, as it assists us indetecting at least the chronological sequence of two typesof Ecgbeorht's coins, and shows that so far the ordersuggested by the compilersof the British Museum Catalogueis correct.GRANTLEY,VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.

VIII.ON THE HALF-NOBLEOF THE THIRD COINAGE OFEDWARD III.IN the volume of the Numismatic Chronicle for the year1888 will be found a short paper by our late Vice-President,Mr. Montagu, whose loss we still deplore, giving adescription and an illustration of a half-noble ofEdward III, which he assigned to Edward's third coinagein the year 1346. Mr. Montagu showed that previouslythere had not been known anyhalf-noble earlierthan the fourth coinage, and pointed out clearly the errorinto which Kenyonhad fallen when he described as ofthe third coinage a half-noble in the National Collectionsolely on account of its weight 60J grains. Mr. Brice'shalf-noble from theShepherd collection was also objectedto by Mr. Montagu on the grounds that, although itweighed over 62 grains, the normal weight of the fourthcoinage half-noble being 60 grains, it showed by itslegend and style that it could not have been struckbefore the signing of the treaty of Bretigny in 1360. Thecoin belonged to the so-called " cursing type," omittingH6C in the reverse legend and the French title in theobverse legend. Finally Mr. Montagu proposed his owncoin for the honour of representing the third coinage,

HALF-NOBLE OF THE THIRD COINAGE OF EDWARD III. 163and gave his reasons for the attribution. Briefly theywere these. His coin resembled in workmanship andstyle the nobles of the third coinage, ad the resemblancewas still further shown by the presence of certain letterswhich lettersshowing marked peculiarities, occurred onboth nobles and quarter-nobles of the third coinage. Thepeculiar letters were : A with an ornamented barring, andI 1 (F), in which a long line was shown to descend fromthe end of the upper bar. The central compartment onthe reverse contained a large ff, and had no ornaments,thereby differing from any known half-noble. As againstthis attribution, Mr. Montagu pointed out the weight asbeing only 54 grains, but he considered that the weightargument should not be brought to bear too strongly, infa.ce of the marked resemblance of style.Since the publication of the paper, no doubt some ofus have been warily waiting for another of these rarecoins, which might, perhaps, throw more light onthis coinage. That a prize of this sort should havefallen to me, I esteem a great piece of good luck. Thecoin I possess has all the characteristics of the piecedescribed by Mr. Montagu, and now in the NationalCollection ;it also possesses the one point missing in Mr.Montagu's coin, viz., weight. My piece weighsover t>0grains, although it shows signs of wear. The two coinsare from quite different dies, and itmay, therefore, beworth while to accurately describe each.1. The British Museum coin is:Obv.The king standing in a ship of the usual well-knowntype ;four rope's from stern, two from prow ;ornamentson ship, two lis, lion, two lis, lion, lis,lion. The lis in the French arms are seine, insteadof only three. Legend SDWAR :* D * 6EA *EGCX * AR6L * X * FEARCC ? DRS x t}YB.

164 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Rev. The usual cross, with lions and crowns ;in the centrea compartment, without ornaments at the corners,and containing a large 6C. Mint-mark, cross pattee.Legend * * DOminGC * HS * IR * FVEOE6C *:TVO I AE6VAS * SttG. .Weight, 54 to 55 grs. Clipped, cracked, andmended.2. The coin in my possession is of precisely the same type, butdiffers as follows three :ropes only from stern, onefrom prow ornaments on ; ship, lis, lion, two lis,lion, two lis, lion.Obv. :Legend 6CDWAEFEARd *L>RS* []YB.* D * (3EA * E6CX ARGL x S xEev. * * DOmmeC * R6C * IR * PVEOEGC * TVO *AE6VAS ma * *. The same compartment andlarge (T. are on both coins.Weight, 60*75 grs.Eather worn, cracked.There are several points about these coins which arewell worthy of notice, but which were not remarked uponby Mr. Montagu. The stops are saltires, not annulets.In discussing the Balcombe find, Mr. Grueber and I hadoccasion to point out that saltires were used at two orthree distinctperiods of Edward Ill's reign on the silvercoins ; thus, very few are to be found in the first period,beginning 1351, and these were quite earlyin that period.They were then used again in conjunction with annuletsfrom 1360 to 1369, and then alone till the end of thereign. The English H is also a characteristic feature. Itoccurs on the majority of silver coins issued before 1351,but after that disappearstill the treaty coins of 1360.One further point is the fact of the shield being strewnwith lis, rather than bearing three only ;another evidenceof early issue in these pieces. If more be wanted, itwill suffice to mention that the bust and style generally

HALF-NOBLE OF THE THIRD COINAGE OF EDWARD III. 165of these two half-nobles correspond accuratelyto theFlorin-type pennies, and the workmanship is quitedifferent from that of the fourth coinage. Looking todoubt that bothall these facts, there cannot now be anythe Museum coin and this one are of the early third coinageof Edward III. L. A. LAWRENCE.

IX.ON A SMALL HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TOHENRY VII.(See Plate VI.)SOME time since I obtained from Messrs. Spink the smallhoard of groats here described. The circumstances of thefind are, as usual, shrouded in mystery, a mystery so deepthat the inquiries I set on foot have entirely failed in dispellingin any degree. I was told that the hoard was a find,and that the coins which I obtained comprised the wholeof it.Looking to the character of the component coins,there is internal evidence of their having been a find, and,the information which I obtained was probably quiteaccurate.The period covered bythe find was from ratherbefore 1460 till some years after Henry YII's accession,a period of some forty years.The number of coins of each reign were :Henry VI heavy coinage .... 1Edward IV light coinage. . . .34Henry VI restored ..... 1Edward V 1EichardHI 1Henry VII first coinage 3Henry VII second coinage. . .2162

ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 167It will thus be seen that coins of all the monarchsreigning during the last half of the fifteenth century wererepresented in the find. There were, however, curiouslyenough, gaps in the sequence of the coins. Thus, theHenry YI heavy coin was not of his last issue, but of thepine-cone pellet type, the one before the last.Again, therewere no heavy groats of Edward IV. A reference to thelistappended to this account shows that the mint-marks onthe Edward IV coins were the rose, sun, crown, crossfitchee, annulet, and cross pierced.There were absent thetrefoil, a very rare mint-mark, the cross pierced with oneor more pellets, and the heraldic cinquefoil, both verycommon mint-marks. The Edward V and Richard IIIcoins both bore the sun and rose, to the exclusion of theboar's head, the latter beinga much rarer mark than theformer. The coins of Henry VII presented examples ofthe lis and rose, and also the cross fitchee mint-mark onthe open crown groats.The arched crown coins had formint^marks, the heraldic cinquefoil, the escallop (one coinhad both these marks on it),then the regular cinquefoil,the true cinquefoil, and lastly the crowned leopard's head,a mark which was blurred almost beyond recognition.Finally, there was one example which heads the list, of anarched crown groat without mint-mark. The one coin ofHenry VI restored, in 1472, and the coins from the provincialmints of Edward IV, Bristol, Norwich, and York,do not call for more mention than is given them in the list.The hoard itself is of much interest, as by an examinationof it itmay be possible to confirm or dispute thesequence of mint-marks as heretofore given. The lightcoinage of Edward IV starts with the earliest mint-mark,and every mint-mark is present up to and including that ofHenry VI's restoration. Then there is a gap, and two

168 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.common marks are absent; these two marks have previouslybeen placed together. All the mint-marks present, therefore,are in sequence, and the two absent ones are also insequence. This leads up to the coins commencing withEdward Y. Here, again, the coins are in sequence ; theabsence of the boar's head indicates nothing, as the twomarks were each used by both sovereigns, Edward V andRichard III.It would seem natural to believe that all the coins inthe find were issued one after the other, and that theyfollowed on without gaps, but the condition of the pieces,as well as some of the characters on the absentee coins, willnot allow of this. All Edward lY's coins, and those ofHenry YI, are more or less worn ;a considerable numberdo not come up to the average weight, and practicallynone turn the scale at 48 grains. The case is differentwith the Edward Y and later pieces. They are all fine,not worn, but sometimes apparently clipped. Thus thereare 7 full-weight groats and 5 which weigh at least J agrain too much, 3 of these 5 weighing 49'5 grains insteadof 48 grains. Added to this difference in condition andweight is a further one, which I believe has hithertoescaped notice. With one exception all the groats ofEdward IY in the find bear the usual 7Y found on the coinsof the previous reign ;one piece, No. 16 of London[PI. VI. 2], has a barred A in AR6L and another in TSS;all other TV's on the coin, four in number, are unbarred.Now this peculiarity will be found to exist on all the groatsof Edward IY with the cross pierced and pellet mint-marks,and alsoon nearly all those bearing the heraldic cinquefoiland on no others [PL VI. 3], The barred & is also usedon Edward Y's coins, though curiously not on theone inthe find, and on that of Richard III, and finally on the early

ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 169issues of Henry VII. That the barringis not an accidentis shown by the fact that the A's in &I76L and TAS are thebarred ones, to the exclusion of the others, in Edward IV'sreign that the A in TAS is the barred one in Richard III;and Edward Vs. Later, barring became general. Thereare thus good grounds for keeping togetherthe coinsbearing the cross pierced and pellet and heraldic cinquefoilof Edward IV's time, and also for concluding that theyfollowed on the coins of that king present in the find.The evidence, therefore, from this find is to confirm thearrangement of mint-marks.The second portion of the find is more interesting andimportant than the first. The coins itcomposing are rarerthan those which occur in the earlier part ; they are alsofiner and more varieties are represented. The coins ofEdward Y and Bichard III do not call for further notice.Henry VIF s first coinage, that with the open crown,represented by three specimens. The first has the combinedlis and rose mint-mark on both sides ;the second has theis wellsame mark on the obverse and no mint-mark on the reverse[PL VI. 6], and the third is struck from the same reverse dieas the second, but the obverse bears the cross fitchee markand reads I\RKICVS, a very rare coin [PI. VI. 7]. Thestops on all these are crosses. Thereexist, but not in thisfind, open crown coins with trefoil stops ; their rarity isa sufficient reason to account for their absence in this case.These connect the open crown groatswith the earliestvariety of arched crown coin, viz., that without mintmark.A very good example of this coin was in the find ;two plain arches to the crown and trefoils as stops characterisedit [PI. VI. 8]. This in its turn transmitted thesefeaturesto its neighbour, and thus the groat bearing theheraldic cinquefoil was evolved [PL VI. 9], There wereVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Z

170 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.two examples in the find. These were followed by thecoins bearing the escallop mint-mark. There is no difficultyin pointing out the earliest of the eight coins bearingthis mark. It is the piece with trefoil stops. This connectsthe coin with the previous pieces. Besides the stops thecoin presents another peculiarity which helps to settle itsposition in the series. The M's are Roman, not oldEnglish. This is the last coin on which all the stops aretrefoils. No. 5 in the list presents on the obverse onerosette between each word as a stop, thereby replacing thetrefoil [PI. VI. 10].the reverse of the coin.This latter, however, still characterisesThe next coin, No. 6, a very rare one again, givesevidence of the close connection existing between thecoins bearing the heraldic cinquefoil and the escallopmint-marks. This piece has both mint-marks, one oneach side ;all the stops are represented now by rosettes,and the letter E as well as the M is varied in form. Itnow takes the reversed 3 shape. It is curious that thefind gives no example of the groat with the heraldiccinquefoil on both sides and with rosette stops, nor of theescallop groat with the peculiar E's and M's. Both coinsare known, and though rare are not extremelyso. Theother escallop groats are of the normal varieties. Itwill be noted that No. 11 is of plainer work than most ofthem, and that circumstance was taken into considerationin placingit last. The change also from the formTTDIVTOKGC to that of fiDIVTOa will be seen to haveoccurred during the issue of the escallop coins.The regular cinquefoil, the next mint-mark in theseries, was represented by several coins. The earlier oneshad rosettes as stops, thus connecting these with theescallop groats. Then there was a coin without stops at

ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 171all, and then some with small crosses as stops.The lastcoin but one described bore the true cinquefoil with crossesas stops [PI.VI. 12].The last coin on the list is the one bearing the leopard'shead.Besides this evidence of lateness of issue, it bearsanother proof, viz., the abbreviation of the Englishtitle to7T6L. This form occurs on manyof the later coins notrepresented in the find, but has not been noticed on coinsbearing any of the mint-marks described in this list. Thestops on this coin are crosses. This mint-mark is knownto be connected on the same coin with the true cinquefoil,of such a coin in the find.though there was no exampleThe following is a detailed description of the coins inthe hoard :Heavy Coinage.HENRY VI.Pine-cone, pellet.Obv. M.M. cross patonce. tydRRId DI 6R7V R6CX7TR6LI S FRTYRd. Pine-cone on neck, pelleteach side of crown, crosses as stops.ficv.No m.m. POSVI x DGTm 7VDIVTOE6CdIVITTtS LORDOn. Extra pellet in T71S andDOR quarters.EDWARD IV.Light Coinage.London Mint.1. oiv. M.M. rose. SDW7TRD' x DI * 6R7Y x R6CX x7TR6L x X x FRTTRd. Quatrefoil on each side ofneck, arches above crown and on breast not fleured.pellets* TVDIVTOReC x SttaV5tt.LORDOR. Extra pellet betweenunder CCIVI.2. Another the same, except that the extra pellet is in theDOR quarter.3. As No. 1,but no stops on reverse.

172 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.4. As No. 1, but arch on breast flenred; one cross aftermeCVJft, and the extra pellet in the LOR quarter.[PL VI. 1.]o. Obv. M.M. rose. ffDWfiED x DI GE7T x EffX x 7VN6L xS x FETTRd. Quatrefoil on each side of neck,arches above crown not fleured.JR&v. M.M. sun. POSVI DOTStt x 7VDIVTOE6C metVStt.dlVITTTS LORDOR.6. 06?'. M.M. sun. 6CDW7YED x DI x GEfi x E6CX x 7TR6L xX x FETTRd x. Quatrefoil on each side of neck,arches above crown not fleured.Rev. M.M. sun. POSVI D6CY5II * 7VDIVTOE6C x jnGCVm.CQVITTO LORDOR.7. As last, except that none of the arches are fleured ; one crossafter DOTS!*, none after 7VDIVTOEQ:.8. Olv. M.M. crown. 6CDW7TED x DI x 6EA EffX x7VRGL x S x FET^Rtt. Quatrefoils at sides ofneck ;arches fleured with small trefoil, except thaton the breast, which has a quatrefoil below it.Rev.- M.M. sun. POSVI DOTS!* x TVDIVTOEff Jfte[V$ft.aiVITTTS LORDOR. Two specimens.9. Olv. M.M. ? Much chipped, but like last.Rev. M.M, sun. Two crosses after JftGTSft and DOR.10. Olv. M.M. sun. ffDWTVED x DI x 6E7T x ECX x 7VR6L xS x FET^RCL Quatrefoil on each side of neck ;arches fleured, except those over crown.Rev. M.M. crown. POSVI DGCVJft * 7U)IVTOEeC xmecvm. aiviTTvs LORDOR.11. Obv. M.M. crown. ffDWTVED x DI x 6E7V x E6CX x7\:R6L x S x FETVRd. Arches of crown not fleured,quatrefoil on each side of neck.POSVI DffVffi TVDIVTOEd mOTM.dlVITTO LORDOR. Six specimens; one has across after T^DIVTOEff.Rev.- M.M. crown.

ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 17312. OZw. M.M. cross fitchee. 6CDW7YBD DI7TR6L x X FBT^RCC *. Trefoil on each side of neck.Rev. M.M. sun. POSVI OffVSR x 7YDIVTOBH maVflldlVITTYS LORDOR.13. Same, but some slight variation in the position and numberof the stops.14. Same, but m.m. both sides annulet, trefoil stops on theobverse, none on the reverse, and no trefoils at thesides of the neck.15. Same, but no stops visible.16. Same, but m.m. cross pierced both sides. Reads DOT, andthe A's of &R6L and TSS are peculiarly barred,the other 7T being without bar : crosses as stops.[PI. VI. 2.]Bristol Mint.1. Obv. M.M. sun. 6CDW7TRD DI x GR7V x R6CX 7VR6LZ FRTTRCC. B on breast, quatrefoil on each sideof neck.Bev.MM. sun. POSVI DOTfll TtDIVTORet mOTH*VILLA x BRISrOW.2. Same, but x before and after %, m.m. on reverse blurred,I after DOTtf*, x before ffiaVffi, and readingBRISTOLL for BRISTOW.3. Same, but m.m. crown on both sides, crosses as stops. Threeexamples.4. As last, but BR6CSTOLL for BBISTOLL.York Mint.1. Olv. M.M. lis. etDWTTRD DI x GR7C x R&X% FRARCC. ff on breast, quatrefoil on each sideof neck.Eev. M.M. lis. POSVI DaT$ft TtDIVTORGCS aBORTUCI.

174 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.2. Where visible, same, but * after FEftRCC, x before3. Same, but no stops on obverse and x after D&Vift, trefoilon each side of neck instead of quatrefoil.Norwich Mint.1. Olv. M.M. effaced. GCDWTtRD x DI x GETS x E6CXx E x FE7TRGC. R on breast, quatrefoil on eachside of neck.Rev. M.M. sun. POSVI DftVStt * ADIVTOEGC xdlVITTVS ROEVia x.HENRY VI.Light Coinage.1. Olv. M.M. cross. ^aREIdV DI 6E7V E6CX A 7YR6L AZ A FE7YRQ. Arches fleured with small trefoils.Eev. M.M. cross. POSVI DGCVm TTDIVTOEffaiVITTYS LORDOR. This coin has the misshapenletters R as D and E as B.EDWARD V.1. Qlv. M.M. sun and rose conjoined. SDW7TED DI 6E7^E6CX 7TR6L % FETYRtt.Rev. M.M. sun and rose. POSVI DQVfl* 7YDIVTOEGCmavm. CIVITTYS LORDOR. [Pi. vi. 4.]This coin is rather rubbed and clipped; crosses, where visible,as stops ;arch on breast not fleured, nor are thearches above crown. Wt. 45 grs.ElCHARD III.1. Obv. M.M. sun and rose. EICC7YED x DI x (SEA x E6CX7YR6L x % FE7VROC. Arches above crown andon breast uot fleured.Hi-v. M.M. sun and rose. POSVI DGCVm x TTDIVTOES xffietVSft. aiVITAS LORDOR. Very line. Wt.47 grs. [PI. VI. 5.]

ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 17&(A)HENRY VII.First Coinage, with open Crown.1. Obv. M.M. lis and rose. tyaREiax DI x GETC x EffX xARGL x Z FE7YRCC *. The six side arches onlyfloured.. M.M. lis and rose. POSVI DGCVfl* * ADIVTOE6Cflier. CCIVITAS LORDOR. Veryfine. Wt.45 grs.2. Obv. M.M. lis and rose conjoined.GETS x ESX x ARGL' x Z FETYRd *. Crownand breasb arches not fleured.Rev. M.M. none. POSVI DetVfll x ADIVTOE6CCCIVITAS + LORDOR. In the finest possiblecondition. Wt. 45'5 grs. [PI. VI. 6.]3. Obv. M.M. cross fitchee. t]ffREICCVS D6CI GEA EffXAR6L Z FEA. Cross on each side of neck,arches of cross not fleured.Rev. From same die as last ; very fine, but apparentlyclipped. Wt. 48 grs. [PI/ VI. 7.](B)Second Coinage, with arched Crown^x DI GEA x E6CX < ARGL r1. Olv. No m.m. t]CREI(IZ FEAROC. Crown with two plain arches, crosson each side of neck.Rev.So m.m. Y POSVI DOTtf* Y ADIVTOE6CaiVITAS LORDOR. Large cross, pattee atends, small trefoils as stops ;fine. Wt. 48*5 grs.[PL IV. 8.]2. Olv. M.M. heraldic cinquefoil. l}tREI(I A DI GEA YEGCX < AR6L > Z FEACC. Plain arches to crown.Rev.Same m.m. POSVI DGCVmiADIVTOEa YmGCVm.ttlVITAS LORDOR. The. ends of the cross havea slight slit in them ; very fine. Wt. 46 grs.[PI. IV. 9.]3. As last, except FE7TRCC for FE7TCC, obverse TTs unbarred,two trefoils after TAS and DOR; in fine condition.Wt. 48 grs., a small flan.

176 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.4. 06v.~M.M. r v escallop. f}ffREICC >I 6B7T Y ESX Y7YR6L r Z r FE7TR. Two ornamented arches toRev. M.M. escallop. POSVI D6CVM r TtDIVTOEGtMSVM r? dlVITTYS ?? LORDOR. Two trefoilsbefore and two after dlVITTTS, two beforeLORDOR. Cross fourchee ; the. letters all ornamental;fine. Wt. 41 grs.5. As last, but reads FB7VROC, and has one rosette betweeneach word instead of trefoil. There is an additionaltrefoil after LORDOR;[PI. IV. 10.]very fine. Wt. 47'5 grs.6. Olv.KM. escallop. ^REId * DI 6E7T EX ?7TR6L ? Z ? FEAR. Crown as before, rosettesbetween words.Rev. M.M. heraldic cinquefoil. POSVI DVM ? 7YDIV-TOEE MYM * aiVITTYS |* LORDOR7. Q})V , M.M.Eosettes as stops ;not fine. Wt. 48 grs.escallop. ^GCREia DI GETf EffX . . . LZ FEA . Eosette after each word where visible.Rev. M.M. escallop. POSVI DGT TTDIVTOEff mV| aiVlTTTS | * LORDOR . Cross fourchee, muchbranched ; clipped ; fine. Wt. 48 grs.8. OIVKLM. escallop. fyeCREId DI 6E7V EGCX 7TRSLZ FEA.each word.One rosette separatesRev. M.M. escallop. POSVI DOT 7TDIVTOSaiVITTTS LORDOR. Coarser work, crossends not so branched ;fine. Wt. 48 grs.9. As last, but reads FE7TR, with a rosette above crown ;fine.Wt. 48 grs.10. As last, but reads FE7T, has rosette after STi&V, one in eachfork of cross, omits one before CCIVI ;fair. Wt.46-5 grs. [PL VI. 11.]11. Olv. M.M. escallop. ^GCREItt DI * 6E7Y $ E&XAN6L Z FEA. This groat is of much plainerwork.Ikv. M.M. escallop. POSVI DffV * 7YDIVT06CaiVITTTS LORDOR. Fair condition. Wt.49' o grs.

ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 17712. Obv. M.M. regular cinquefoil (5 equal foils, annulet incentre). l^REICI * DI * 6E7Y E6CX * 7VR6LZ FE7Y. Two ornamented arches to crown.-Rev. M.M. regular cinquefoil. POSVI DGCV 7VDIV-Toec mav aivrms | LORDOR. Ends ofcross as on the escallop groats ;fine. Wt. 49 grs.13. Obv. M.M. same cinquefoil. tyGCREICC DI GE7Y *E6CX * 7TO6L Z FE7VR.jKev. M.M. same. POSYI D6CV TtDIVTOG! STlffY| aiVITTCS | J LORDOR J.Ends of cross muchmore closed in ;fair. Wt. 48 '5 grs.14. Obv. Samem.m. ^REItt DI 6E7T EffX 7VR6LZ FE7V..flev. Same m.m. POSYI DOT 7VDIVT06Cg aiVITTYS J LORDOR |. Fair. Wt. 45-5 grs.15. Obv. Same m.m. I?aREICC 9 DI * 6E7V EffX 7U76LZ * FETYRtt. Eosettes as stops..Rev. Same m.m. POSVI DffV x 7VDIVT06C x JttGCVaiVITTVS ^x LORDOR x. Crosses as stops,ends of cross pattes, except for a small annulet orhole ;fair. Wt. 47 grs.16. Obv. Same m.m. fy&nEia pj GRTV EQ;X 7VR6L ZFE7V. No stops, one ornamented arch to crown..Rev. Same m.m. POSVI DOT x 7tt)IVT06C x SUGCVttlVITTVS LORDOR. Ends of cross almost pattee ;fine. Wt. 48 grs.17. Obv. Same, but reads FE, and cross between each wordwhere visible.Rev. Same, but * CCIVITfiS * x LORDOR x. Fair. Wt.45'5 grs.18. Obv. Same m.m. fyaREJCt x DI x 6E7T x EffX x 7VR6LZ x FE x.Rev. Same m.m. POSVI DGCV * flDIVTOC I* dlVITfiS x * LORDOR *. Fine. Wt. 49-5 grs,VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.A A

178 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.19. Olv. Same, but no final cross.fiev. Same as 16, but ends of cross more fourches; fine.Wt. 46 grs.20. Obv. M.M. true cinquefoil. J^RRICCx DI x GKTt xE6CX x 7YR6L x Z x F x. Same crown.Eev.N.M. true cinquefoil.POSYI DOT x TVDIVTOff xmaV ttlYITTTS + LORDOR +. Fair. Wt.48 grs. [PL VI. 12.]21. Obv. M.M. leopard's head. tyetRRICCx 7V6L x Z + FR7Lx DI x 6R7V xev.M.M. leopard's head. POSVI DGCY x TtDIVTOGtx mOT CCIVITTTS + + LORDOR. Work coarse,like that bearing anchor mark; fair. Wt.46-5 grs.The find has been described rather minutely and atsome length, especially in reference to the later coins.This seemed warranted in order to bring out clearly therelationship of the various mint-marks. The arrangementof those of Edward IY has been on its trial for some yearsnow, and has run the gauntlet of three hoards. The coinsof Henry VII were provisionally arranged by the Rev. Gr.F. Crowther in 1887 ;but some alterations were made, withMr. Crowther's concurrence, in 1892, chiefly with referenceto the position of the escallop groat. This find bears outthe 1892 conclusions, and it is interesting as being onewhich places the position of the escallop coins beyonddispute. The arrangement of the coins by a combinationof stops and mint-marks seems to point much moreaccurately to the true sequence than either of thesefeatures could have done when considered by itself.It will be observed that each coin of the later part ofthe find has had its weight and condition placed in the list.A study of these points taken together will go far to

ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 179convince anyone that but little reliance is to be placedon the subject of weight. The coins weighing more thanthey should were by no means the finest in the hoard, andsome of those which were in the most beautiful conditiondid not come up to the normal weight. In a hoard of groatsof this period, however, the weight argument cannothelp us; but supposing for a moment the coins hadbeen those of quite early years of Edward IV, and hadcontained smaller coins, or againif the hoard had beenof the period of Henry IY and V, what deductions wouldhave been made from an extra grain or two on the penny ?I am afraid possibly much more than might have beenwarranted.The coins depicted on Plate YI are chiefly from thefind in connection with which it is published. The coinsof Edward IY, Nos. 1 and 2, although closely resemblingthose described in the list, are not representations of theactual specimens in the find, but are taken from examplesin the National Collection ;No. 3 shows the missing mintmark. In the same way, the picture of the coin ofEdward Y, No. 4, is taken from a fine specimen, ratherthan from the poor one described. The other coins areall from the find. The object of replacing the earlierpoor specimens byfiner ones was to show the differencesexisting between the early and later coins of Edward IY,the differences in the barring of the A, &c., and also therelationship of the later piecesEdward Y and Richard III.of Edward IY tothose ofL. A. LAWRENCE.

MISCELLANEA.AN UNPUBLISHED VARIETY OP THE PORTO-BELLO MEDAL.The types follow, in general, the piece described in the Med. III.,vol. ii., No. 119, p. 538, the obv. bearing, THE BRITISHGLORY . REVIV'D . BY. ADMIRAL .VERNON, with AdmiralVernon standing to 1. on a square platform. The rev., however,differs from any specimen heretofore described, and has on theborder, HE . TOOK . PORTO . BELLO . WITH . SIX . SHIPS .ONLY .NOV., and in the exergue, 22 . 1739 . I . K . DUBLIN.The type is that of six ships entering Porto Bello harbour.The medal is interesting, as showing the widespread popularityof the taking of Portobello, and it may be accepted asevidence that this popularity was less attributable to politicalcauses than is generally supposed.An examination of the medal shows that the peculiaritywhich distinguishesit from other specimens the initials I . Kand the word DUBLIN is an addition to the die. The originalexergue has been cut away, and a new one, giving the date,the publisher's initials, and the place of issue are added. Ihave been unable to trace the name of the artist whose initialsare here given. They do not appear to occur on any of the Irishtokens of this period.THE SUCCESSES OF FREDERICK THE GREAT IN 1757..The followingmedal is also unpublished. It has on the obv. the legendTHE . MOST . HEROIC . G . F . Ill . K . OF .PRUSSIA,and the King on horseback to r. in the; exergue, WHO ..CONQ. THE . AUSTRIANS . RUSSIANS . FRENCH . IM-PERIALISTS . & . SWKDES. On the rev. is the legend,SPARES .THE.HUMBLE.SUBDUES.THE.PROUD,and Justice trampling on Discord. In the exergue, the date 1757.The successes referred to by this medal were the victories atRosbach and Lissau and the capture of Breslau. These victories1were very popular in this country, and the portrait of Frederickthe Great was to be found in nearly every shop and house.W. TALBOT

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ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIANCOINAGE.(See PlatesVII., VIII., IX.)'Apo-aKcu yap *:aXowrat xai/res, tSia Sc 6 fj.lv'Opaxfys, 6 Se paaT>/s, 6 S'aAAo Tt. SxBABe.ANY essay on Parthian coinage may wellbegin with anexpression of indebtedness to the well-known monographof Professor Percy Gardner, which, since its publicationin 1877, has been rightly recognised as the standard workon this difficult branch of numismatics.Mr. Gardner hadseveral illustrious predecessors, but his work is distinguishedfrom theirs not only by the excellence of itsplates and clearness of arrangement, but by the numismaticacumen and sober judgment brought to bear uponthe evidence, which, whether furnished by history or byand decisivethe coins themselves, is rarely of a satisfactorykind.There is probably general agreement that Mr. Gardnerhas been successful in determining what coins should formpart of the various groups that he describes, but a divergenceof opinion may well arise when we attempt to namethese groups and to determine their precise relation toone another. A regal coinage and the Parthian seriesis the currency of more than four hundred yearsVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. B Bcannot

182 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.be profitably arranged like a civic coinage in large periodsof fifty or even of a hundred years. Chronological exactnessis of the essence of the classification, yet is, unfortunately,not attainable in cases where the coinage bearsno date. It is well known that until the reign ofPhraates IV (B.C. 37-2) hardly a single date is found onParthian coins, and, further, that the literary materialfor reconstructing the history of Parthia isalways scanty1and frequently untrustworthy. Even after the labours ofLonguerue, Rawlinson and Gutschmid, 2 we cannot compilewith certainty the list of Parthian monarchs or determinewith definiteness the limits of their reigns. Nothingbut the recovery of the Parthica of Apollodorus or of oneof the other lost histories of Parthia will perhaps avail,though meanwhile our difficulties would probably belessened by the compilation of a really critical corpus ofthe ancient texts relating to Parthia, accompanied by acommentary of the kind found in Clinton's Fasti.During the twenty-threeyears that have elapsed sincethe appearance of Mr. Gardner's work, very largeadditionsfrom the Cunningham, India Office, and other collectionshave been made to the series of Parthian coins inthe British Museum, and at least one private collection,that of Hitter A. Yon Petrowicz, has grownto be ofgreat importance. 3 Little, however, has been written on1See e.g.H. Ten Gate Fennema, Quaestiones Parthicae(Neomagi), 1882, p. 1 f.2Longuerue, AnnalesArsacidarum, 1732 ; Rawlinson, Parthia(1893), mainly abridged from his Sixth Oriental Monarchy(1878) ;A. Von Gutschmid, Geschichte Irans, Tubingen, 1888(ed. Noldeke) Gutschmid's article " Persia " in the EncyclopaediaBritanniea, 9th ed., is an abridged translation of this.;3Colonel Allotte de la Fuye of Nantes has also a collectionof the coins of Persis and Parthia.

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 183Parthian numismatics, with the important exception ofpapers by Markoff and Rapson, 4 which have made knownsome new coins of the highest importance. These coinsshow us, for instance, that the tetradrachm was a muchmore important denomination inthe early coinage thanwas previously suspected. They show us also that theParthian mints were for a time largely under the influenceof Greek especially Seleucid models. This influence isseen not only in the adoption of Seleucid types and theSeleucid (" fillet ") border, but also in the practice ofdirecting the obverse head to the right, instead of (asusual on Parthian coins) to the left. In studying theseand other new coins with a view to the preparation of theBritish Museum Catalogue of the Parthianseries, I havebeen led, though reluctantly, to the conclusion that nota few modifications must be made in the accepted arrangementof the coinage as set forth in Gardner's work. Therectifications that seem to be called for are principally inthe period before Phraates IV, and it is to the attributionsof that period that I confine myself in the presentpaper. The alternative arrangement here proposed is,however, a tentative one, and is rather a series of suggestionsput forward with a keen sense of the great difficultyin arriving at certainty for this division of Parthiancoinage.It will be convenient at the outset to give the namesand dates of the Arsacids as determined by Gutschmid inhis Geschichte Irans.4Markoff, Coins of the Arsacidae, St. Petersburg, 1892 (textin Russian) Rapson, " Markoff's unpublished Coins of the;Arsacidae," in Num. Chron. for 1893, p. 203 f.

184 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.(ARSACES, 6 the founderB.C..... 250248)TIRIDATES, brother of Arsaces [infra, p. 192] 248-7211-10ARSACEs, 6 son of Tiridates [p. 192]. . 210191PHRIAPATIUS [p. 191]191176PHRAATES I, son of Phriapatius [p. 191]. 176171MITHRADATES I, brother of Phraates I [p. 188] 171138PHRAATES II, son of Mithradates I [p. 186]. 138128-7ARTABANUS 7I, son of .Phriapatius [p. 184] 128-7 123(HiMERus, viceroy (and king?) [p. 193] circ. 1243)MITHRADATES II, son of Artabanus I [p. 187] 12388"ARTABANUS II 8 . .. .[p. 195] 8877SINATRUCES [p. 195] 7770.196]MITHRADATES III, son of Phraates III [p. 197] 57 54ORODES, son of Phraates III [p. 199]. . 5737PHRAATES III, son of Sinatruces [p.70 57PACORUS I, son of Orodes [p..199] d. B.C. 38PHRAATES IV, son of Orodes [cp. p. 198]. 372The most important coin that has come to light sinceGardner wrote isundoubtedly the tetradrachm reproducedin PI. VIII. 5, for it has in the exergue the letters HFIP,which will be admitted to be a date of the Seleucid era(year 188) equivalent to B.C. 125-4. This date falls in thereign of Artabanus I (B.C. 128-7123). The tetradrachmbears a head one of the most interesting and stronglyindividualised of Arsacid portraits which is identicalwith the head found on the drachms and bronze attributedby Gardner [PLI. 9-11 ;PI. VIII. 4] to an earlierParthian king, Phriapatius. The principal reason for5Gutschmid (pp. 30, 31) doubts whether Arsaces was everactually King of Parthia.6The personal name of this ruler is not given by Justin.Most modern writers have without authority called him " ArtabanusI " see; Gutschmid, p. 36, note 4 ; cp. p. 81 ;see alsoF. Cauer, art. " Artabanos," in Pauly's Real-Encyclop.7Called " Artabanus II " by those writers who have assignedthe name of " Artabanus I " to Arsaces, son of Tiridates.8On the reasons for inserting this name in the list of Parthiankings, see Gutschmid, p. 81.

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 185assigning these coins to Phriapatius was that one varietyof the drachms (though one only) bore in the exergue theletters EKP [G. PL I. 10J, which were naturally interpretedas year " 125 " of the Seleucid era, equivalent toB.C. 188-7, a date in the reign of Phriapatius. But ifthis interpretation is correct, it is in flagrant contradictionwith the date on the tetradrachm with the same head.can hardly be doubted that the date on the tetradrachm(of which several specimens and two varieties are nowknown) should prevail. For if H PI P be not a date, it isa meaningless combination of letters. On the other handEKP need not necessarily be a date, but may be part of aproper name, or possibly itmay be, as Mr. Rapson hasingeniously suggested, 9 a date of the Parthian era beginninginB.C. 248, in which case it would be equivalent toB.C. 125-4, a date identical with that found on the tetradrachm.The difficulty in this last-named interpretationis that no other instance is known on the Arsacid coinageof the use of this native era. But whatever the explana-to movetion of EKP may be, it certainly seems necessarydown all the drachms and bronze attributed to Phriapatius[G. PI. I. 9-11], so that they may take their place withthe tetradrachm of Artabanus I. This new attributionwill displace the drachms and bronze assigned by Gardner[PI. II. 13-15 ; cp. PI. IX. 7] to this Artabanus I("II"). 10It9Num. Chron., 1893, p. 212,10This king (one of the three sons of Phriapatius) calls himself0EOP1ATOPOZ (drachm in British Museum, not publishedby Gardner), but he also has the epithet IAAAEA-OY. He was not, however, the brother, but the uncle, ofhis immediate predecessor (Phraates II).The

186 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Mr. Gardner has recognised the close connection in style,&c., between the drachms of " Phriapatius " [PI. VIII.4] and those which he assignsto his successor Phraates I[G. PI. I. 13 ; PI. VIII. 2]. If, therefore, the drachms of" Phriapatius" are moved, as I have just proposed, toa lower place in the series, it follows that the drachmsof " Phraates I " must accompany them. I propose toassign them to Phraates II (B.C. 138 128-7), the predecessorof Artabanus I. 11The predecessor of Phraates II was Mithradates I, thegreat Parthian king who was the first to extend materiallythe dominions of the Arsacid monarchs the conqueror ofMesopotamia, Media, and Persia, and thesuccessful antagonistof Eukratides, Kinggenerally agreed,of Bactria. It has beenfor reasons that seem to me ratherplausible than decisive, that the principal currencyof this ruler must be looked for in the familiar coinsfigured in G. PL I. 17-28 ;PI. VIII. 9-11.12 But if weapplicable are the brothers Phraates I and Mithradates I, butthe date of the 4>| AAAEAOY coins (as determined by theHHP, B.O. 125-4, tetradrachm, PL VIII. 5) is too late fortheir reigns.11I am inclined to agree with Von Sallet and Gardner thatthe tetradrachm, G. PI. I. 12 = PL VIII. 1, belongs to theking who issued the drachms and bronze.12Markoff, op. cit., PL III. 12 (cp. figure in Rawlinson'sParthia, 1893, p. 63), publishes a tetradrachm of the usual typeof "Mithradates I." on which he reads the date oP = year170 = B.C. 143-2. But on his plate the supposed oP is clearly: itogis therefore not a date, but one of the numerous monogrammaticcombinations that occur on the coins of " MithradatesI." I may here also remark that the tetradrachm(" Mithradates I " ?) referred to in Num. Chron., 1890, " Proceedingsof Numismatic Society," pp. 6, 7, cannot now beaccepted as genuine; see Num. Chron., 1894, " Proceedings ofNumismatic Society," p.4. An electrotype of the coin is in theBritish Museum, where are also two or three other fabricationsof Parthian tetradrachms.

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 187apply what may be called the " throne and omphalos"criterion to these coins, it can, I think, be shown that thisattribution is incorrect. Mr. Gardner has well pointedout that the whole of the Parthian series may be roughlydivided into two great classes, the first consisting of thecoins on which the archer-king of the reverse is foundseated on the omphalos, the second, of those on which hesits on the throne.Now we find that on the earliest (pre-Mithradatic) coins the king sits on the omphalos. Onthe coins assigned by Gardner to Mithradates I, he sitsfirst on the omphalos and afterwards on the throne. Butthen ifmy attributions are correct his successorPhraates II [PI. VIII, 2] returns to the omphalos, and thisseat is also occupied by Artabanus I [PL VIII. 4].Thesuccessor of Artabanus, however, and all the later Parthiankings revert to the throne. If, then, the throne andomphalos test is a valid one, as I quite agree, it is obviousthat the coins assigned to Mithradates I, have been placedtoo high in the series. They must be placed after thelast "omphalos" coins and introduce the long later seriesof " throne " reverses. I propose to assign them toMithradates II (B.C. 123 88),Artabanus I.the son and successor ofThis king enjoyed, like the first Mithradates, a lengthyreign, and by his achievements earned the title of" magnus." The numerous varieties of the coinage willtherefore suit the second Mithradates no less than the first.The obverse of the coins has in various ways an affinitywith the tetradrachm of Artabanus I [cp.PL VIII, 9 withPL VIII, 5], but that the coins are later than the reign ofArtabanus and especially later than Mithradates I seemsobvious from the absence of those Seleucidcharacteristicswhich were prevalent at an earlier period (see the coins

188 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.of Phraates II and Artabanus I [PI. VIII. 1, 5] and infra onMithradates I).The Seleucid border has disappeared, thehead on all the coins is turned in the Parthian direction,to the left, and the Seleucid reverse-types are supersededby the " archer " of the drachms, who is now promoted toa place on the tetradrachms. This coinage, in fact,inaugurates a stereotyped Parthian, as opposed to aSeleucid, type of currency. 13We have now to ascertain what was the coinage ofMithradates I. A series of coins of Seleucid character13The title BAZIAEHZ BAZIAEHN occurs for thefirst time in the Parthian series on some of the coins ofthis king. It represents, as M. Drouin has remarked ("Sur1'origine du titre royal BAZIAEYZ BAZIAEHN," inLa Gazette Numismatique, Bruxelles, 1899), the khshayathiyakhshayathiyanam (king of kings)of the Achaemenid monarchs.All modern writers have stated that the title was first assumedin Parthia by the victorious Mithradates I. This kingmay well have taken the title, but the proof that he did sorests solely on the attribution of these coins to his reign.If he was the first king to inscribe the title on his coins, it isremarkable that it should not appear on the coins of any of hissuccessors (including even Mithradates" II, Magnus ") untilthe reign of Mithradates III, or rather (according to my arrangement)of Orodes I, circ. B.C. 57. Even if we assign thecoins of " Mithradates I " to Mithradates II, as I have proposed,there is still a considerable interval during which the title is inabeyance, at any rate, on the coins. The numismatic evidencewith regard to the first appearance of the title points rather tothe time of the second than of the first Mithradates. For wefind BAZIAEI1Z BAZIAEJ1N (i)on the coins of Maues,the Saka dynast, circ. B.C. 120 ? contemporary with MithradatesII;on(ii)the coins of Tigranes the Great, of Armenia,who uses it on the money struck by him at Antioch (B.C. 72-70and, perhaps, earlier, from the year B.C. 83, when he becamemaster of Syria; Babelon, Eois de Syr., p. cci. f.).It is possiblethat Tigranes may have adopted the title as a kind ofcounterblast to the pretensions of Mithradates II, or, at anyrate, in imitation of him. The disuse of the titleby the immediatesuccessors of Mithradates II may be due to the influenceof Tigranes, who made conquests in Arsacid territory.

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 189[G-.PL II. 1,2; PL VII. 12-13] is necessarily admitted byGardner and other writers to belong to the time of thisking, for the coins bear the dates POP (B.C. 140-39)and AOP (= B.C. 139-138). A series of bronze coins[G. PL II. 4-6 ; PI, VII. 9-11]and a drachm and obol [G. PLII. 3, 7 ; PI. VII. 7> 6] which show a portrait head apparentlyof the same king who struck the TOP class arealso assigned by Gardner to this reign. Mr. Gardnerremarks (page 32) that these coins have a distinctly" "Bactrian tinge (cp. some of the coins of Eukratides,the contemporary of Mithradates I), though he does notinsist (as I think quite rightly) that they were struck inBactria. The TOP, AOP pieces belong to the closingyears of the reign of Mithradates I, the otherto be earlier.class seemsYet while assigning all these coins to the time ofMithradates I, Mr. Gardner has rather discounted theirimportance by describing them as coins of the satraps ofMithradates. For myself, I have great difficulty in supposingthat coins bearing the name and titles of Arsaceswould accompany the head of a satrap ;and it is furtherto be remarked that the Greek or Seleucid characteristicsof these coins the head is turned to the right, and thefillet border generally appears which seemed, whenGardner wrote, to differentiate them from the Parthianseries proper, are no longer so remarkable now that weknow, from recently published coins, the somewhat extensiveinfluence of the Syrian on the Parthian coinage.There is now little difficulty, therefore, in regarding thesecoins as the money of Mithradates I, and as bearing theportrait-head of the King himself.But we require also a coinage for the earlierportion ofthis reign. I would recognise this mainly in the silverVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. C C

190 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.and bronze attributed 4by Gardner [PL I. 6-8 ;PI. VII. 4, 5]to Arsaces, son of Tiridates (the so-called " Artabanus I ").These coins bear a head not unlike the head which weconsider to be that of Mithradates I, and are especiallydistinguished from the bulk of Parthian coins by the useof the fillet border which, as we have seen, generallyappears on the supposed " satrapal " coins that we haveassigned to Mithradates I.The two immediate predecessors of Mithradates I,namely Phriapatiusand Phraates I, we have already deprivedof coins (in favour of Artabanus I and Phraates II),and we have next to determine what money was usedby them and by the two earliest kings of Parthia, Tiridatesand his son Arsaces.The only early coins that remain unattributed are thoseof what may be called the " beardless head " class [e.g.,PI. VII. 1-3]. These were assigned by Gardner (PL I.1-5) to Tiridates and to his (perhaps doubtful) predecessoron the throne, Arsaces, the founder. When Gardnerwrote, only three varieties of legend were known to occuron this series of coins, but now that no less than six varietiesare published, the attribution may prove less simple. Iagree with my predecessors in thinking that these are theearliest Parthian coins, for there is certainly great difficultyin intercalating them anywhere among the beardedportrait-heads, but, at the same time, their exact attribubutionseems to me to require reconsideration.The coins (drachms)are as follows :i. APZAKOY (G. PI. I. 1.)ii. BAZIAEHZ APZAKOY (G. PL 1. 2;PLVII, 1.)iii. BAZIAEHZMErAAOY APZAKOY (G. PL I.3, 4 ; pi. VII. 2 ;also diobol and obol in BritishMuseum.)

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 191iv. BAZIAEI1Z MEFAAOY APZAKOY 0EOflATOPBritish Museum, acquired(PL VII. 3.)v. BAZIAEHZ 0EOY APZAKOY 14in 1900.vi. APZAKOY [AYTOJKPATOPO (Obv. Headto right.)9Judging from the number of dies known, these coinsmay be the currency of a considerable period, but theirinscriptions give the best clue to the date. From legendsi. and ii.nothing much can be argued, though the legendAPZAKOY (a very rare variety) would certainly seemto inaugurate the coinageof Parthia. The titleBAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY (iii.),however early itmayhave been assumed by Greek and Eastern monarchs, 16doesnot occur on coins till the reign of Eukratides of Bactria,B.C.190-160, a king who was contemporarywith Phriapatius,Phraates I, and Mithradates I. It occurs also inthe Seleucid series on the money of Timarchus, circ.B.C. 162. Unless, therefore, we are to lose sight of theseland-marks, we cannot well place the BAZIAEflZMEPAAOY class earlier than Phriapatius, or laterthan Mithradates I. I propose to assign them to Phria^patius and Phraates I. Somemay also, possibly, have beenstruck by Mithradates I, though, as we have already seen,14The original of this drachm is not now known to exist, butit has been published from an impression that belonged toLongperier, by M. Drouin, in Gazette Numismatique, 1899," Une drachme arsacide inedite."15Linewitch collection. See Drouin in the article cited inthe previous note, and in Rev. Num., 1890, p. 258.16Antiochus I Soter (B.C. 281-261) is called, on a Babyloniancylinder, " the great king, the mighty king." See Schrader," Die datirung der babylonischen sogenannten Arsacideninschriften,"in Sitzungsberichte der konig. preussischen Akademic,1890, p. 1331.

192 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.he uses this title for liis drachms with the beardedportrait-head [PI. VII, 4]. The coins with APZAKOYand BAZIAEHZ APZAKOY having a simpler form oflegend, and being, apparently, earlier in style than theBAZIAEflZ MEfAAOY class, 17may be assigned to Tiridatesand Arsaces, son of Tiridates. This coinageisindeed hardly sufficient for the long reign of Tiridates,but the peculiar features of early Parthian history andculture do not necessarily require the assumption (madeby all previous writers) that Tiridates struck coins fromthe first moment of his reign.The legend 0EOY (v.)is found in Bactria on the coinsof Agathocles and Antimachus, contemporaries (?)ofEukratides, i.e., cifc. B.C. 190-160. It is a title used bythe earliest kings of Syria, though it does not occur ontheir coins before Antiochus IY Epiphanes,B.C. 175-164.Judging, therefore, from the evidence of coins, 0EOY islikely to have been adopted in Parthia during the periodfrom Phriapatius to Mithradates I.The title GEOriATOPOZ (iv.)first occurs on theseries of Alexander I, Bala, of Syria, B.C. 150-145, whosereign coincides with the later portion of the reign of MithradatesI. In the Parthian series itself, GEOnATOPOZis first found on the drachms that I have assigned toPhraates II, the son of Mithradates I, and, indeed, thereverse of our beardless - head drachm with this title[PI. VII. 3] bears a remarkable resemblance to the reverseof Phraates II [PI, VIII. 2]. Possibly, the GEOriATOP. .drachm now in question is the earliest coinage ofPhraates II, while the 0EOY drachm maybe of his17Notice the attenuated figure on the reverse, which growsshorter as the Parthian coinage advances.

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 193father, Mithradates I. The difficulty about this is, thatPhraates II would thus employ the beardless-head type,though his father [PL VII, 4] had during the latter partof his reign used the bearded-portrait type. An alternativearrangement would be to assign 0EOF1ATOPOS toPhraates I, and 0EOY to his father, Phriapatius. Boththese coins are unique, and at presenttheir attributionmay well be left doubtful.The remaining legend (vi.) supplies the title AYTO-KPATOPOZ, which isextremely rare on Greek autonomouscoins. It occurs in Parthia on the money thatis almost certainly of jSinatruces, B.C. 77-70, and, stilllater, on the coins that Gardner (PL IY. 18) attributes to" Phraates IY, or a usurper." The earliest, and, so faras I know, the only other appearance of AYTOKPA-TOPOZ is (in the Seleucid series) on the coins ofTryphon, B.C. 142-139. The title cannot, therefore, oncoins, be traced earlier than the period of Mithradates Iof Parthia, and it seems best to assign the drachm inquestion to his reign.We have now considered the coinage from Tiridates toMithradates II, but two or three coins of difficult attributionremain for discussion.The drachm in PL VIII. 7, witha short beard, bears a resemblance to our Phraates II [G."Phraates I" : PL VIII. 3], but its title NIKHPOY,its Seleucid style, and especially the date 0flP = B.c.124-3, show that it cannot be of his reign.15Gardnerhas assigned it to Himerus, the favourite of Phraates II,18Dr. Dressel, who has kindly examined the original in theBerlin Museum, informs me that there is practically no doubtabout the date ;the numerals 0F1, at any rate, are quite certain.The British Museum variety [PL VIII. 8], without date,belongs, of course, to the same issuer.

194 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.who, as viceroy, despotically governedBabylon. Gutschmid (op.cit.pp. 78, 79)rather arbitrarilydenies the correctness of this attribution,Seleucia andthough,if we may trust Diodorus, Himerus was actually King ofParthia.The tetradrachm in PI. VIII. 6 (not known whenGardner wrote) is poorly preserved, but Iam inclined tothink that it belongs to the issuer of the PIP drachm,though it bears different titles, namely, Eni4>ANOYZIAEAAHNOZ. If, however, a difficultyis found inattributing this tetradrachm and drachm to Himerus, thealternative is to regard them as the earliest coinage ofMithradates II. The title EfIIANOYZ isprominenton the coins that we have already assigned to him[PL VIII. 9-11], and if this point may be insisted on theletters TY found in the exergue of the tetradrachm[PI. VIII. 6]occur also on a tetradrachm of Mithradates II(British Museum). At the same time, if we assign thesecoins to Mithradates II rather than to Himerus, it mustbe admitted that the appearance of this king greatlyaltered in the course of years [cp. PI, VIII. 8 with PI.VIII. 9.].PI. VII. 8 is an unpublished drachm in the BritishMuseum. It is carelessly executed, or, at any rate,badly struck, and does not closely resemble anyof ourknown portrait-heads. The style and legend BAZI-AEHZ MEPAAOY APZAKOY seem to indicate afairly early date. I assign it, though very doubtfully, toMithradates I. The portrait is not unlike his, and thebow behind the head fwhich is turned to the right) finds asort of parallel in the club behind the head on some of thebronze coins that we have attributed to this king (Longperier,Arsacidts, PI. II. 23 ; cp. PL VII. 9-11).The British Museum tetradrachm in PL VIII. 3 (first

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 195published by Rapson) is, unfortunately, not well pre-on the reverse, the detailsserved, and the monogram (?)of the drapery or cuirass, and the shape of the nosethat importantParthian feature are not distinct. Ithought at first it might be the tetradrachin accompanyingthe drachms [PI. VII. 4,5] of Mithradates I, but thereverse type (Tyche seated) rather points tothe reign ofArtabanus I.Possibly it is the first portrait-head ofArtabanus I, treated with less care and refinement thanthe portrait on his known tetradrachms [PL VIII, 5].The ten years that followed the death of Mithradates II(circ. B.C. 88) are among the most obscure in Parthianhistory. During this time the influence of the famousTigranes of Armenia was predominant, and we know thathe annexed portions of Parthian territory. During theyears 77-70 it is fairly certain that the king of Parthiawas Sinatruces, who, according to Lucian, had reachedthe age of eighty when he ascended the throne. I agreewith Mr. Gardner in assigning to this king the coins inPI. IX. 3, 4; G. PL III. 1-3, which alone uniformlypresent an aged portrait.In the gap between Mithradates II and Sinatruces,Gutschmid has inserted a king named Artabanus (II),whose existence he infers from an ingenious emendationof Justin, ProL 41. There is certainly room for a kinghere, and I suggest the attribution to him of the coinswhich Gardner has given to Phraates II [PI. II. 8-12 ;PL IX. 1, 2]. On historical grounds, this coinage is, nodoubt, difficult to date, for on the drachms we find theremarkable legends APEIA,MAPriANH,TPAZIANH,KATAZTPATEIA, legends which seem to point to aperiod of conquest, or, at any rate, to an asserted claimover Aria and Margiana. We should have looked for

196 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.such legends in the time of Mithradates I, or MithradatesII, but on numismatic groundsit seems to me asit has seemed to Mr. Gardner impossiblethem to either of these reigns.themselves, they seem to follow fairlyMithradates II [PI, VIII. 9-11].19to attributeJudging from the coinswell after ourOf Artabanus we know nothing, but certainly theportrait on these coins bears considerable resemblance,allowing for difference of age,to that of Sinatruces[PI, IX, 3, 4], who was doubtless of Arsacid stock, and whocalls himself 4>IAOnATOPOZ. Perhaps the conjecturemay be permittedof Sinatruces.that Artabanus II was the fatherIt would appear (Lucian, Macrob. 16) thatSinatruces came back to Parthia aftera sojourn or exileamong the Scythian Sakauracae. Perhaps Artabanus,during a period of confusion and opposition from Armenia,had set up his court in the remoter parts of the empire,in Aria and Margiana.Three kings only remain to be noticedPhraates IIIand his two sons, Mithradates III and Orodes. ToPhraates III I would assign the coinage that Gardnerattributes to Mithradates II [PI. IX. 5, 6, 8 ;G. PL II.17-24]. The tetradrachm PI. IX. 5, it will be observed,bears the title0EOY, which, according to Phlegon, wasa title assumed by Phraates III; but without layingmuch stress on this, itmay be further pointed out thatthese coins seem, on account of their monograms, tobelong to this king rather than to Mithradates II. The19Notice the treatment of the head, the style of the cuirass,and the reverse type (archer) of the tetradrachm. These coinsbear monograms which are distinct from those on the coins ofMithradates II " (G. Mithradates I "),and which are not foundon the coins of later kings.

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 197monograms are of a well-known series, in which 2f-,>S, &c., often occur, and which is found in severallater reigns on the coins (according to Gardner) ofMithradates III, on those of Orodes and of Phraates IV.Itseems desirable to keep these groups of monograms inproximity. This can be done if we transfer Gardner's"Mithradates II" to Phraates III. If, however, theattribution to Mithradates II be maintained, two reigns(Artabanus II and Sinatruces), with two different series ofbreak the continuity of themonograms and letters, willSf-, &c., series.The drachms and bronze with helmeted head assignedby Gardner [PL II. 13-15; PI. IX, 7] to Artabanus I(" II ") are almost identical in appearance with thedrachms that I give to Phraates III [PL IX. 6 ;G. PL II.19-22]. It is convenient, therefore, to class them withhis coins, though, in this case, it is rather a difficultythat Phraates employs two different legendson hisdrachms: i. EYEPfETOY EFIWANOYZ

198 sNUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.necklace of clasps, while Orodes is adorned with aspiralnecklace. The difference of legend must be admitted,but I doubt whether much weight can be allowed tothedistinction between the two kinds of necklace, for we find(under Orodes) a clasp necklace worn by Pacorus, andalso, occasionally, by Phraates IV when he became soleking.New light seems to be thrown on this supposed coinageof Mithradates III by the remarkable drachm [PI. IX, 13],named and dated, which, as I have elsewhere shown(Num. Chron., 1900, p. 92, No. 3), must have been struckby Phraates (IV) in the year |~OZ, i.e., B.C. 40-39,21during the lifetime of his father Orodes. This drachmhas the clasp necklace, and the head is practically identicalwith the head on a drachm [PLIX. 12 = Num Chron.,1900, p. 92, No. 4] which Gardner (p. 37) assigns toMithradates III. 22 We seem compelled, then, to referthe coins of Mithradates III tothe time of Orodes, whenthey were probably struck under the influence ofPhraates (IV), though with the head of Orodes. 2321In the Von Petrowicz collection is a remarkable tetradrachm(obv. Bust of Orodes (?),rev. King seated holding Nike) bearing,like this drachm, the date I~OZ.22In Num. Chron., 1900, p. 92, No. 4, I read this drachm(PI. IX. 12) as Mr. Gardner had read it. Col. A. de la Fuyekindly informs me that he reads (and I think rightly) oE afterthe word APCAKoY. He regards oC as a date = year 270= B.C. 43-42. If oC is not a date, it may be merely an engraver'sblunder the whole inscription is carelessly executed e.g.pE may be the last two letters of 6YTTAToPoE, written, byinadvertence, in two different parts of the coin. Longperier(PI. VII. 83) reads on a similar coin EoV.23The coins of Gardner's " Mithradates III " here transferredto Orodes are inscribed BAZIAEflZ MEfAAOY,and also BAZIAEJIZ BAZIAEflN. All the coinshitherto assigned to Orodes have the legend BAZIAEflZ,and the reversion to the simpler BAZIAE.QZ

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 199To Mithradates III, whom we have thusdeprived ofhis coins, I attribute the only specimens not yet assigned,those of Gardner's " Phraates III " [PL IX. 9, 10 ;G.PL III. 4-10].With regard to the coins to be assigned to Orodes (andto Pacorus) I am quite in agreement with Mr. Gardner[G. PL III. 15-30 ;IV. 1, 2 ; cp. PI, IX. 11], though, ifthe attribution above discussed be accepted, we shall haveto add the coins of Gardner's " Mithradates III."The tetradrachms of Phraates IV (the successor ofOrodes), and of the later Parthian kings, are dated, andthough not a few difficulties remain, we are, for the firsttime, in comparatively smooth water. I will not, therefore,make further demands on the attention of thosereaders who have kindly followed me so far. For thesake of lucidity, no less than of brevity, I have omittedmany matters of detail, some of which would, I imagine,support the attributions here proposed, though, on theother hand, it may well be that I have omitted ofcourse, unintentionally to notice various points thatmay be held to make 24against my views.In conclusion, I may say that the main objectof thispaper will have been attained if it stimulates discussion,and leads to the publication of coins not hitherto madeknown.WARWICK WROTH.MEFAAOY is, I must admit, an objection to the proposedtransference. It may be remarked, however, that Orodes andhis sons (Pacorus and Phraates IV) indulged in many varietiesof legend on their coins.^ There are many topics of interest that require discussion ;for instance, the relationship to the Parthian series of the coinsof Andragoras (Howorth in Num. Chron., 1890, p. 83), ofthose of the Kamnaskires dynasty (Elymais ?),and of those ofPersis. Still more important is a discussion as to Parthianmint-places.

200 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.NOTES ON PLATES VII.IX.All the coins, unless otherwise .described, are in the BritishMuseum.Plate VII.1. Tiridates and Arsaces (his son). BAZIAEflZ APZA-KOY. Wt. 61-3 grs.2. Phriapatius and Phraates I. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoYAPZAKoY 0. Wt. 58-4 grs.3. Phraates I or II. BAZIAEI1Z MEfAAoY APZA-KoY GEonAToP. Wt. 60 grs.4. Mithradates I. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY:= Gardner, PI. I. 6.5. Mithradates I. Similar to No. 4. Wt. 60 grs.6. Mithradates I. Obv. Head of King, diademed (MithradatesI); fillet border. Rev. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoYAPZAKoY. Bearded head in Parthian or Persian headdress(Mithradates I or one of his predecessors). Wt. 9'4 grs.7. Mithradates I. BAZIAEflZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY(and monogram ?)= G. PI. II. 3.8. Mithradates I ? Obv. Head with bow at neck ;borderof dots. Rev. BAZIAEHZ MEfAA APZAK. Wt.57'4 grs. Purchased of Mr. G. le Strange in 1881.9. Mithradates I. = G. PI. II. 4 (obv.Border of dots ?).10. Mithradates I. Obv. Head in fillet border. Rev.BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY.11. Mithradates I. = G. PI. II. 6.12. Mithradates I. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY

ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 2014. Artabanus I. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY=G.PLL9.IAAAEAoY.5. Artabanus I. BAZIAEflZ APZAKoY. = Rapson,Num. Chron., 1893, p. 213, No. 2.6. Himerus or Mithradates II ? = Eapson, op. cit., p. 214,No. 5. BAZIAEnZ APZAKoY Eni4>ANOYZ 4>IAEA-AHNoZ ;in ex., TY and mon.7. Himerus or Mithradates II. BAZ I A EHZ M EfAAoYAPZAKoY NIKhWoPoY. = G. PI. II. 16; in ex.,0nP.Berlin Museum.8. Himerus or Mithradates II. = Rapson, op. cit., p. 214No. 6.9. Mithradates II. = Num. Chron., 1897, p. 116, No. 36.10. Mithradates II. Wt. 65 grs.11. Mithradates II. BAZIAEilZ BAZIAEHN ME-TAAoY APZAKoY EHWANOYZ. Wt. 64-5 grs.Plate IX.1. Artabanus II. BAZIAEHZ MEPAAOY APZA-KOY GEoHATOPOZ EYEPfEToY EniANoYZIAEAAHNOZ. Wt. 246 3 grs.2. Artabanus II. = G. PI. II. 9.3. Sinatruces. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY APZAKOY[AYTOKPATOPOZ 4>IAOHATOPOZ] EHWA-NOYZ IAEAAHNOZ. The British Museum does notpossess an original tetradrachm. This specimenplaster cast in another collection.is from a4. Sinatruces. Wt. 64 grs. Cp. G. PI. III. 2.5. PhraatesIII. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY APZAKOY0EOY EYEPfETOY EfWANOYZ 4>IAEAAHNOZ.Wt. 240-4 grs.6. Phraates III. Same inscription as No. 5, without 0EOY.Wt. 60 grs.7. Phraates III? BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY APZA-KOY GEOnATOPOZ NIKATOPOZ. Wt. 59 3 grs.8. PhraatesIII. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY APZAKOYEYEPfETOY Eni4>ANOYZ 4>IAEAAHNOZ. Wt.63'3 grs.

202 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.9. Mithradates III. = G. PL III. 4. BAZIAEflZ ME-TAAOY APZAKOY GEOnATOPoZ EYEPfETOYEnWANOYZ 4>IAEAAHNOZ.10. Mithradates III. Similar inscription to No. 9, withIAEA AHNOE = Num.Chron., 1900, p. 92, No. 4. Cp. supra, p. 198, note 22.13. Phraates (IV) under Orodes. BACIAEHC BACI-AEHN [APjCAKoY Alo[Yor E ?] EYEPfEToYWPAAToY EFllKAAoYMENoY Eni

XI.UNPUBLISHED OR RARE COINS OF SMYRNAIN THE BODLEIAN CABINET.THE large collection of Greek coins in the BodleianLibrary is singularly strong in some regions, justas itis quite absurdly weak in others. From the first it hasdepended entirely on donors, and has never possessed anyendowment of its own, so that its increase comes entirelyfrom the chance gifts of the collector and the traveller,not from systematic additions byits curators.Among the well-represented districts is Ionia, one ofthe earliest benefactors of the cabinet having beenHe made over to theWilliam Raye, Consul at Smyrna.library, in 1704, 600 Greek coins obtained from the widowof Daniel Patridge, a Smyrna merchant, who had himselfintended to give them to the Bodleian had he survived.The Patridge-Raye gift accounts for the fact that thecabinet contains some dozens of Smyrniot coins not foundin the British Museum Catalogue. The majority are varietiesof known types, but a certain amount appear to be whollynew to the collector. I have therefore itthought worth whileto prepare a list of them for the Numismatic Chronicle.TETBADEACHM OF SECOND CENTURY, B.C.1. Qbv. Head of Kybele r., turreted.JR. Grs. 256. Size 1-4.

204 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.The monogram on the reverse of this verydiffers wholly from those on the two piecesfine coinof similartype in the B. M. Catalogue. It must have belonged toa magistrate whose name began with EY, as those lettersare emphasized.2. Olv. Head of Kybele r., turreted.Rev. IMYP. Portable altar with three legs, narrowwaist, handles, and large cover. TIMI1N (1.)M. -5.3. Obv. Head of Kybele r., turreted.Rev. Portable altar, &c. IMYP. flJPOl EN[OZ.M. -5.These magistrates' names do not appear among thesimilar coins inS. M. Cat., Smyrna, 65 70.4. Olv. Head of Apollo r., laureate, border of dots.Rev. IMYPNAIflN. Hand in cestus, to 1.palmbranch.A PI OAAll ; in exergue N EH.M. -55.Also a new magistrate's name.5. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Rev. IMYP. Lyre. EYMAXOZ.M. -45.6. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Rev.IMYPNAIUN. Lyre charged with a very largestar across the chords. nP-QTOfENHZ.JE. -45.This large star suggests that the lyre mayconstellation Lyra.be the

RARE COINS OF SMYRNA IN THE BODLEIAN CABINET. 2057. Obv. Head of Apollo r. r laureate.jfot'.XMYPNAinN. Homer seated l.,his right handraised to his chin, holding volumen on his knees ;behind him transverse staff. API ATOYPIOZ.M. -9.8. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Rev.A.B last.APIZTOKAHZ.M. -9.9. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Rev. As last. APIZTOMENHZ.M. -9.10. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Eev. As last. 0EOTI MOZ.TO B.M. -9.11. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Re,. As last.[4>]ANOKPATHZ.M. -9.12. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Rev. As last. HPHAHZXIOY.M. -9.13. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Rev. As last. M EN EKPATHZ. . . EPIO3 TO B.M. -9.14. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Kev. As last. NIKIAZ... flTOZ.M. -9.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. E E

206 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.15. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Eev. As last. 4>ANHZMHTPOAHPOY.JE.'9.16. Obv. Head of Apollo r., laureate.Rev.Similar type, in front, star.IMYPNALQNAHATOYPIOZ.JE. -9.IMPEEIAL TIMES.[Without Emperors' heads.]17. Obv. 0EON CYN KAHTON. Bust of the Senatedraped, with formal curls, to r., on each side ofthe neck Z and M.Eev. 4>IAOnATPIZ. GEAN PflMHN. Romein military dress standing to left, holding spearin r. and trophy in 1.M. '8.A very pretty coin, of the finest work of the earlyempire. The type seems quite unknown.TIME OP THE ANTONINES.18. Obv.[ZIHYJAHNH. Bust of Cybele Sipylene r.,turreted : border of dots.Rev. CMYPNA Lion r., holding tympanumIUNfront paws.in hisM. -7.A combination of the obv. of B. M. 160, with the rev.of B. M. 169.

RARE COINS OF SMYRNA IN THE BODLEIAN CABINET. 207TIME OFSEVERUS OB SLIGHTLY LATER.19. obv. I EPA CY NKAHTOZ Youthful bust of theSenate r.,border of dots.-JRw. CMYPNAin NE niMENEK; in exergue,AEOYZ. Two Nemeses face to face, eachplucking chiton at neck ;one holds bridle, theother cubit rule ;at foot of latter a wheel ;borderof dots.^E. -9.A well-known type, but Menecles is a new magistrate.TIME OF GOKDIAN.20. Obv. IEPA CY NKAHTOZ Youthful bust of theSenate r., border of dots.Rev. CMYPNAIHN EF1ITEPTI; in exergue,OY AZI Tetrastyle temple, in which Statue ofTyche, with modius, rudder and cornucopias to 1.,border of dots.M. 1-0.The type of B. M. 239, but with the magistrateTertius, whose name is found only on the Amazon Smyrnatype in the B. M. Collection.IMPERIAL COINS WITH PORTRAITS.21. Obv. Young bare head of an emperor, much like that ofC. Caesar, draped to r.Jfcv.-CMYPNAIUNM. -6.Crab.22. Obv. AYCTEINA ZEBACTH Draped bust ofFaustina junior to r.^r.-CTPAKAnP[OKA]OY CCWCTO in exergue,CMYP. Two Nemeses face to face, each;plucking chiton at neck ;one carries bridle, theother cubit rule. [No wheel.]M. M.

208 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.This well-known type does not occur on the coins ofFaustina II, in the B. M.23. Obv. KPICneiNA CEBACTH DrapedRev.. .Crispina. POto r.CTPA MEAE;in exergue, CMYP .bust ofCommodus riding to r., with spear uplifted ;under feet of his horse a captive, with handsbound, seated to r.M. M.No coins of Crispina.are in the B. M. The name ofthe strategos, MEAE, is unfortunately in a state of hopelessmutilation.24. Obv. IOY MAME CEOYHPAC. DrapedJulia Mamaea to r.bust ofRev. CMYPNAIHN f NEnKOPjQN. Heraclesholding cantharus, club and lion skin, to 1.M. -9.This is a coin of Mamsea hastily and unskilfully alteredinto one of Otacilia (not, of course, of Aquilia Severa) ;the engraver has not even taken the trouble to change theIOY MAME into MflTAKIA. The piece is in excellentcondition, so that the idea of a faulty restrike is excluded.25. Obv. HO AIK OYAAEPIANOC Draped andbare-headed bust of Saloninus to r.Eev.ZM (in field) YPNAIHN T NEHKO PUN(in field). Heracles with cantharus, club andlion skin, to 1.M. '8.The bare youthful head and want of imperial titles,show that this is a piece of Saloninus, and not of hisgrandfather Valerian. He seems to have been hithertounrepresented at Smyrna.C. OMAN.

XII.ON A HOARD OF ROMAN COINS FOUND ATCARHAYES,CORNWALL.IN November, 1869, a large hoard of Roman coins wasdiscovered in the parish of St. Michael Carhayes (or Caerhays),a village about ten miles east of Truro, on the coastnear Dodman Point. The discovery, I am told, was madeb}'two labourers, who were digging a ditch in a woodedvalley called the Beechtree Wood, on the property of Mr.Williams, of Carhayes Castle. The valleytidalwas once acreek, and when the labourers had dug through theblack earth of vegetable deposit, nearly three feet thick,they came to sea-sand and, in it, three stones set to enclosea small triangular space. In that space was a tin jugfastened with a wooden plug, and when the finders hadbattered off the neck, plug, and handle, they found theinterior full of Roman coins. The total number of coinsinthe jug must have been, so far as I can make out, notless than 2,500. The hoard was at once divided. Thejug and some 1,500 coins passed into the possession ofthe late Mr. J. M. Williams, and, with the exception ofsome coins given away, are still preserved at CarhayesCastle. A summary of these, in total 1499, with a noticeof the discovery, was contributed by the late Rev. W.Willimott, then rector of the parish, to the ArchaeologicalInstitute in 1870 (Journal, xxvii. 142, 208). The total

210 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.of coins seems to have been since diminished by gifts,which must have amounted in all to not far short of 200coins. Thus 30 coins were given by Mr. Williams to theRoyal Institution of Cornwall and deposited in the TruroMuseum (E.I.C. Journal, Yol. iii. No. 12, pp. xxi., xxix.),and Mr. W. C. Borlase, in his Laregan Catalogue, mentions28 as presented to him. The remainder, 1,309 innumber, were submitted to me with the jug in 1888 bythe kindness of Mr. Williams and Mr. Willimott. Theother part of the hoard, somewhere about 1,000 coins, waskept, I am told, by one of the finders, long since dead, andultimately came into the possession of Mr. Dunn, ofMevagissey. Of these 1,000, 100 were given by Mr.Dunn to the Wisbeach Museum ;about the same numberwere dispersed among private individuals, and the rest,790 in number, were submitted to me in 1890, through theRev. W. lago, to whom Iam indebted for much of theabove information and for other kindnesses.The hoard is a good specimen of a numerous class.It consists wholly of "third brass" minted between theaccession of Valerian (A.D. 253) and the death of Probus(A.D. 282). Many hoards of almost identical contentshave been found in England and northern France, andit isprobable that they were buried or lost duringthe troublous years, which followed the death of Probusin 282 and the usurpation of Carausius in 287. Morehoards probably were buried than lost the :Carhayes hoardcertainly was buried on purpose, if the circumstances ofthe discovery have been correctly reported to me. Thediscoveryof such a hoard in Cornwall need cause nosurprise. Roman remains, coins or other, of the first orsecond century, are somewhat infrequent west of Exeter,but during the third century the Roman element in the

ON ROMAN COINS FOUND AT CARHAYES, CORNWALL. 211far west becomes more apparent. The tin-streams, neglectedsince the days of Csesar, seem now to have beenreopened. It cannot be an accident that nearly all thekjiown Romano- British vessels or objects of tin or pewterare connected with the period 250 400. The pewterslabs dredged out of the Thames near Battersea at varioustimes in this century can hardly be earlier than the Constantines, and we may equally ascribe to the fourth centurythe one existing piece of direct evidence that Romans everof tinsought tin in Cornwall I mean the inscribed pigwhich I detected some years ago in the Truro Museum.Not unnaturally we find the Roman coins of 250 400are also relatively plentiful in Devon and Cornwall, andparallels to the Carhayes hoard are not unknown. Theyhave been found in Devon, at Bovey Tracey, Hennock,Compton Gifford, and Milter Down, and in Cornwall, atMopas (or Malpas) Passage near Truro, Morvah, Ludgvanand (I believe) Land's End.The tin jug in which the coins were found must, whenperfect, have resembled a squat claret jug. At present,with its neck broken off, it stands eight inches high, andis just three times as much round its greatest circumference.The metal has been tested by expert analysis,and is almost puretin.The following catalogue is, in the main, a list of thereverses, with references, where desirable, to the secondedition of Cohen's Description historique des monnaiesfrappees sous I'empire romain (vols. v. vi., 18856), andstatistics of the numbers of coins of each reverse. Ihave catalogued the two parts of the hoard separately,because it was not inconvenient to do so, and it seemeda good opportunity of illustratingthe extent to whicha half or a third of a large hoard, taken at random,

212 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.may be reasonably considered as representative of thewhole. So much of our knowledge of hoards is a knowledgeonly of such random portions that the figures hereascertainable seemed worth printing. I think the resultis reassuring. W means Mr. Williams's half, X Mr.Dunn's.The hoard contains very few new varieties, and none,so far as I can judge, of the least importance.VALERIAN.FELICITAS AVGG. Cohen 53 ... 1EESTITVTOE OEBIS. C. 183 . . . 1 (2)wxGALLIENUS.1ABYNDANTIA (exergue B). C. 5 . .11AEQVITAS AVG. (field VI. and 6). C. 24 . 2AETEENITAS AVG. C. 38 ... 1 4APOLLINI CONS. AVG. C. 72, 73, 77 . 5 4BON. EVEN. AVG. (ex MT). C. 98 . . 1CONCOE. AVG. C. 116 . . . . 1CONCOEDIA 1CONSECEATIO 1DIANAE CONS. AVG. (ex. S, xi. or xii).C.157, 168, 160, 163, 165 ... 16 7FELICITAS PVBL. C. 192 ... 1FIDES MIL. C. 246 ....3FOETVNA EED. and EEDVX. C. 260, 261,265, 269 8 5HEECVLI CONS. AVG. (ex. 6). C. 317 . 1IOVI CONS. AVG. (ex. S). C. 341, 344, 352 5 1IOVI PEOPVGNAT. (field XL). C. 380 . 3IOVIS STATOE (field G). C. 388 .. 1IOVI VLTOEI. C. 408 ? . . . . 1LAETITIA AVG 4LIBEEAL. AVG. (field S). C. 563 . . 2 1MAETI PACIFEEO (field H). C. 617, 621 5 3NEPTVNO CONS. AVG. (ex. S and N). C.667, 670 4

ON ROMAN COINS FOUND AT CARHAYES, CORNWALL. 213OEIENS AVG. C. 699 ? . ....WX1PAX AVG. (field T). C, 727 . . . 5 1PAX PVBLIOA 1PIETAS. C. 785 1PEG VI. PEOVID. or PEOVIDENTIA AVG. 5 1EELIGIO AVG. (field Q). Obv. IMP.GALLIENVS AVG. apparently the sameas Cohen's Valerian 177, 178 . .-. 1SALVS AVG. (field. . . .P)1SECVEIT. PEEPET. (field H). C. 962 . 4 2SOLI CONS. AVG. (ex. N). 0.979 . . 3VBEEITAS(1008) VBEETAS . . . 1 1VICTOEIA AVG. . . . .-'.. . 1 1VIETVS AVG. and AVGVSTI. C. 1221, 1321,1322 . . ......Uncertain . ......5 210 (108) 5 (47)SALONIKA.AVG. IN PACE (ex. MS.). C. 17 . * 3FECVNDITAS AVG. (field A). C. 44: butthe obverse has COENEL SALONINAAVG. . . .'.'..1IVNO AVG. (ex. MS.). C. 55 ... 2IVNO CONSEEVAT. (field N). C. 56 . 1IVNONI CONS. AVG. (ex. A). C. 69 . 1IVNO EEGINA (field P). C. 67 . . 1PIETAS AVG. and AVGG. C. 77, 79, 84 . 3VENVS VICT. and VICTEIX. C. 126, 129 2VESTA FELIX (field S). C. 147 .. 1 (13) (2)POSTUMTJS.COS. IIII. C. 31 . . . ". . 4COS. V. C. 32 . . . . . . 1FIDES EQVIT. (ex. P). C. 59 . . .' 1IMP. X. COS. V. C. 144 . . , , 1IOVI VICTOEI. C. 161 . . ., . 2OEIENS AVG. (field P). C. 213 . '. 3P.M. TE.P. COS. II. P.P. C. 243 .. 2VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. F F

214 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.W XPAX AVG. 0. 215, 227 .... 12 4PAX EQVTTVM (ex. T). 0. 228 .. 1SAEC. FELICITAS. Apparently a newvariant. Rev. Felicity to 1. with caduceusand cornucopiae .... 11 1SALTS AVG. 0. 336, 339 ....VIETVS EQVITVM (ex. T). C. 441, 443 2,Undecipherable 2 (28) (10)LAELIANUS.VICTORIA. C. 4 2VlCTORINTJS. 1AEQVITAS AVG. 4 5COMES AVG. C. 18 1FIDES MILITVM. C. 36 ... 6 1INVICTVS (field #). C. 49 . . .51 27Ditto C. 46 1PAX AVG. C. 79 (with or without star infield)59 32Ditto, 0. 83, 85 214PIETAS AVG. C. 90 . . . .27PEOVIDENTIA AVG. C. 101 . . . 35 30SALVS AVG. C. 112, 118 ... 56 42VICTORIA. C. 126 (or variant thereof). 1 1VIRTVS AVG. C. 131 . . . . 33 24Undecipherable 18(292) 4(178)MARIUS.CONCORDIA MILITVM. C. 4 . . 1SAEC. FELICITAS. C. 13 ... 1VICTORIA AVG. C. 19, 20 ... 4 1VIRTVS AVG. C. 22 . . . .1(6) (2)1As there has been controversy respecting the name Piavonius,borne by this ruler, I may say that nothing in this hoard (nor onany coin known to me) supports the notion that it was PiusAvonius.

ON ROMAN COINS FOUND AT CARHAYES, CORNWALL. 215TETRICUS SENIOR.AEQVITAS AVG 3COMES AVG. 0. 17, 18 . . . . 33 29CONCOEDIA AVG. 0. 22, 23 . . . 1FIDES MILITVM. C. 37, 39, 43 . , 17 22HILAEITAS AVGG. 0. 54 . .68 29INVICTVS. C. 60 1LAETITIA AVGG. and AVG. N. 0. 70, 71, 75 109 98MAES VICTOE. C. 80 . . . ,1PAX AVGG 95 87PEINO. IVVENT. C. 131 ... 2 2SALVS AVGG. C. 153, 154 . . . 40 20SPES AVGG. and SPES PVBLICA . 25 21VICTOEIA AVG. C. 185 . . . . 22 14VIETVS AVGG. C. 201, 207 . . .45 29Undecipherable . . . 31 (481) 10(363)TETRICUS JUNIOR.COMES AVGG. C. 7 .... 2 7PAX AVGG. C. 34 5 4PIETAS AVGG. and AVGVSTOE. C. 48, 53,59, 60 34 27PEINC. IVVENT. C. 62 . , , ,14 3SPES AVGG. 0. 88 (89 ?). . . 70 46SPES PVBLICA. C. 97 .... 54 65Undecipherable 17(196)13(169)CLAUDIUS II.AEQVITAS AVG. C. 6, 7 (10 ?). . 15 1AETEENIT. AVG. C. 16 ... 2ANNONA AVG. C. 21, 22 . . . 5CONSECEATIO. C. 41, 43, 50, 54 . . 9 3FELIC. TEMPO. C. 77 .... 1FELICITAS AVG. C. 79, 80 . . . 3 5FIDES EXEECI. C. 86 ... 2FIDES MILITVM. C. 88, 92 . . . 4'FOETVNA AVG. C. 96 . .FOETVNA(E) BED. (EEDVX).C. 104,. . 2108 .. _

216 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.W XGENIVS AYG. 0. 109, 110 ... 4 3GENIVS EXERCL C.,114 . . 1 2IOVI VICTORI. C. 125, 129, 131 .. 4 1LIBERALITAS AYG. C. 144 . . . 2LIBERT, and LIBERTAS AYG. C, 150, 151,152 ....... 6MARS YLTOR. C. 159, 160 ... 1 2ORIENS AYG. C. 185 (? 186) ... 1P.M. TR.P. II. COS. P.P. C. 214 . . 3PROYID. and PROYIDEN. and PROYI-DENTIA AYG. C. 226, 227, 230, 234 . 9 5SALYS AYG. C. 262, 265 .... 12SECYRIT. AYG. C. 268 . . . . 1SPES AYG. C. 276 1SPES PYBLIOA. C. 281 . . . . 4VICTORIA AYG. C. 293, 294, 295 .. 7YIRTYS AYG. C. 313, 314 ... 2Undecipherable 13 (106)2 (27)QUINTILLUS.APOLLINI (field H). C. 5 . . . 1CONCORDIA AYG. C. 8, 17 . . . 3FIDES MILITYM (field 6). C. 28 . . 2FORTVNA REDYX (field Z).C. 32 . . 2LAETITIA AYG. (ex. XII). C. 39 . . 1MARTI PACI. (ex. P). C. 47 .2. .PAX AYGYSTI C. 52 . . . 1PROYIDENT. AYG. (ex. S).C. 59 . . 2SECYRIT. AYG. (field XI). C. 63 . . 1VICTORIA AYG. (field F). C. 70 . 1YIRTYS AYG. (field B). C. 73 . . . 2 (18)1 (1)ORIENS AYG. (ex. XXI* ;AUKELIAN.field II). C. 143 1Ditto, C. 154 1-PACATOR ORBIS (ex. CL).PAX AYGYSTI (field # T). C. 169 . . 1PROYIDEN. DEORYM (ex. T XX). C. 183 1C. 161 . . 1

ON ROMAN COINS FOUND AT CARHAYES, CORNWALL. 217W XEOMAE AETEBNAE (ex. Q). 0.220 . 1SOLI INVICTO (ex. II).0. 230 . 1 (fi) (2)TACITUS.FIDES MILITVM (ex. BA). C. 47 . . 1LAETITIA FVND. (ex.XXI B). C. 52 . 1PAX AETEBNA (field B#). C. 65 . . 1PEOVID. DEOE. C. 86 . . . . 1SALVS PYBLIOA (field 0). 0. 130 . . 1TEMPOEYM FELICITAS (field AA). C. 144 1 (6) (0)FLORIANTJS.AEQVITAS AVG. (ex. XXII). C. 1 . . 1PBOVIDENTIA AVG. (ex. XXI A.) C. 77. 1 (2) (0)PROBTJS.ABVNDANTIA AVGK C. 1 .-."'... 1ADVENTVS AVG. (ex. B#A). C. 37 . . 1COMES AVG. C. 105 .... 2CONSEEVAT. AVQ. (ex. T XXX). C. 188 . 1FIDES MILIT. and MILITVM. C. 248, 252 3LAETITIA AVG. (ex. IIII). C. 329 . . 2MAES VIOTOE (ex. II and III). C. 334 . 4MAETI PACIF. (ex. AXXI). C. 350 . . 1PAX AVG. (field D). 0.401 2Ditto (field L) _ 1PIETAS AVG. (field C). C. 435 . . . 1PEOVIDENTIA AVG. (ex. III). 0. 496 . 1SALVS AVG. (field B). C. 571 . . . 1SEGVEITAS OEBIS (ex. I).0. 624 . . 1SOLI INVICTO. 0. 647 ....1TEMPOEVM FELICITAS. 0. 728 . . 1VIETVS AVG. (ex. IIII). C. 816 . . 1Undecipherable. . . .:. ,.'(24) (1). 20 21,309 790F. HAVERFIELD.

XIII.THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND.(See Plates X. and XI.)IT has not infrequently occurred to me that there aretwo separate issues of English coins, which have notreceived from numismatic writers the full amount ofattention, to which for more than one reason they arefully entitled.The issues to which I refer, are those of the goldpenny by Henry III, and of the florin and its parts byEdward III. "With regard to each of them I propose tosay a few words, and in doing so, to treat both of theactual coins and of their history. Though there is littlenew to add, it will be well to gather together what hasalready been said on the subject.First, as to the gold penny of Henry III.In the year1736, Martin Folkes published "A Table of EnglishGold Coins from the eighteenth year of King Edward theThird, when gold was first coined in England, to thepresent time," thus clearly showing that he was unawareof any gold coins having been struck under Henry theThird. In 1745 and again in 1761 the work was reprintedwith the same title, but to the edition of 1763, inwhich the Tables of English Silver and Gold Coins werereproduced by the Society of Antiquaries, a Supplement

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 219is appended, and there, as Plate VI., No. 18, in an unobtrusiveposition between nobles of Henry IY and VI, thegold penny of Henry III is for the first time figured.In all three editions of Ruding's Annals of theCoinage, this same Supplemental Plate appears.In Snelling'sView of the Gold Coin and Coinage of England,printed in 1763, an engraving of the gold penny is prefixedto the Introduction, and it is stated that it was" but within a twelvemonth that Mr. Hodsol has had thegood fortune to have his fine cabinet adorned with thistruly curious and valuable piece."Pinkerton, in his Essay on Medals, 1808, engraves thesame coin on PL II., No. 1, and adds (vol. ii., p. 433) thatonly three such gold pennies were at that time known,one of which was in the possession of Mr. Hodsol andanother in that of Mr. Solly.A second and different specimen of the gold penny isfigured in the Numismatic Chronicle, vol. iii.(1841),p. 191, in illustration of a paper on a new method ofobtaining representations of coins; but the author, J. W. B.(J.W. Burgon), merely describes the coin and says thatonly three specimens of it are known to be in existence.Two of these in the British Museum form the subject of ashort article by Mr. S. F. Corkran, in the NumismaticChronicle, N.S. vol. viii. (1868), p. 234 ;but no illustrationsare given, and there is but little added to the informationthat had already been published by Snelling.A poor engraving of a gold penny of Henry III appearsin Noel Humphreys' Coinage of the British Empire, publishedin 1854, as PI. XXI. No. 1. It there seems to havebeen inserted as an after-thought, among foreign siegepiecesand pieces of necessity.In 1870, Mr. H. W. Henfrey, in his Guide to the Study

220 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.and Arrangement of EnglishCoins, has a woodcut of thefirst mentioned coin, and says that the workmanship ismuch superior to that of the silver coins of the sameperiod.In 1884, Mr. Kenyon's excellent work on the GoldCoins of England made its appearance, but though anaccount of three varieties of the gold penny is given, thecoin by some unfortunate accident is not represented inthe Plates. A woodcut of one, however, appears upon thetitle-page, and a much enlarged figure of the same coin isstamped upon the back of the original binding of thevolume.An example of the variety of the gold penny ofHenry III, reading LVNDGC on the reverse, is given in theautotype Plate (VII. 238) of Grueber's Handbook of theCoinsof Great Britain and Ireland in the British Museum,issued in 1899.Such are the principal notices that have been publishedof the coins now under consideration ;but before proceedingto cite the various contemporaryrecords of theirissue and the allusions to them in ancient chronicles, itwill be well to describe in some detail the four varietiesof the gold penny of Henry III that are at presentknown.1. Obv.\i ffNRICC' RSX- I-ri- Bearded king, crownedand in his robes, seated facing on a throne,holding in his right hand a sceptre ending in afleur-de-lis-like ornament, and in his left handan orb surmounted by a cross. The throne hasa plain vertical arm on either side, and a shorterplain leg.The edges of the seat are beaded,a line of annulets runs along the back of thethrone, and the floor below is diapered the feet;of the king extend to the edge of the coin. Thereis a beaded circle around the whole.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 221Rev.WM* L6CM ONI> VND :within two beaded circles,and between the limbs of a voided cross extendingnearly to the outer circle, and having a pelletin the centre ;in each angle of the cross an expandedrose between three small pellets.N. British Museum. 451 grs. [PI. XI. No. 1.]This coin is at present unique. Its pedigreeis asfollows:It belonged to Samuel of Lincoln; was acquiredby Mr. Hodsol in 1762 ; subsequently entered the Tyssencollection ;was bought by Mr. Roberts at the Tyssensale in 1802, and was acquired with the Roberts collectionby the Museum in 1810.2. Obv.Yi ffREia' EGCX: III': King seated, as on No. 1.The vertical arms of the throne are beaded insteadof being plain, as are also the legs. Inother respects the typeis almost identical.Rfv.Wll* LetM ONI/TE) VND :the same die.As No. 1 but not fromN. J. E. 44grs. [PI.XL No. 2.]This coin is also at present unique.It has suffered bybeing perforated, though the hole has been skilfullyplugged. It was formerly in the Cuff collection (dispersedin 1854), thence passed into that of Mr. Wigan,and is now in my own cabinet.3. Obv.li HNEICT ECX-I-IT Bearded king seated ason Nos. 1 and 2. The arms and legs of thethrone more distinctly formed of pellets.Rev. WILL ffM : NLV ND6C : As No. 1.N. British Museum. 45i grs. [PI. XLNo. 3.]Col. Leslie Ellis, 45i grs. ;J. E. 45f grs.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. G G

222 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.All three coins are apparently from the same dies. TheMuseum specimen originally belonged to Mr. Solly, thenpassed into the possession of Mr. Tyssen,from whoseexecutors it was purchased in 1802. Col. Leslie Ellis'scoin is in fine condition, and was found in recent times inItaly, probably on its Eastern side. Mine, purchased inRome, is unfortunately rather worn.4. Obv.ti etNKKT EGCX :I-I-I' : Bearded king, seated ason No. 1 ;the end of the sceptre more distinctlyin the form of a fleur-de-lis,legs of the throne formed of pellets.7ta,._WILL ffM : NLYR. DffN -I- As No. 1.the arms andJT. J. G. Murdoch, Esq. 45J grs. [PI.XI. No. 4.]There is but one specimen known of this coin. Thiswas bought privately by Mr. Martin from Mr. Trattle ;athis sale it was bought by Capt. Murchison, from whosecollection it passed into that of the Rev. E. J. Shepherd,at the sale of whose coins it was bought by the lateMr. Montagu. From his collection it was acquired byMr. John Gf. Murdoch, who has kindly allowed me tofigure it.It is impossible to determine the order in which thesefour varieties were struck; but not improbably thatin which I have placed them is correct. They were allissued by the same money er, Willem, who also coined longcrosssilver pennies, reading on the obverse tyeCNJICCVSECX :III, and on the reverse WIL L6CM (NL VN3. Theking's head on these penniesis bearded and the hair oneither side of the forehead is represented by two crescents,each enclosing a pellet. A sceptre ending in a fleur-de-lisis in his right hand.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF EKGILAND. 223It is to be observed that the Lombardic R is used onthe obverse of No. 2, instead of the Roman N. TheLombardic R alsoappears on the reverse of No. 4, and itis a curious fact that the Lombardic U isemployed insteadof Y on some of the long-cross silver pennies of Henry III.Both n and II are employed on the Great Seal of HenryIII of 1259. The H in ^HNEICC on No. 3 is also noteworthy,as is the L with a branched end on Nos. 1 and 2.With regard to the types: that of the king seated (thesovereign type) had already been in use for his penniesby Edward the Confessor ;but in that case the king waslooking to the right instead of being full-faced. Thefull-faced sovereign seated was destined to reappear onthe florin of Edward III and on the first English" sovereign" struck in 1489 under Henry VII. The reverse typeismerely a modification of that of the long-crosspennies first struck under Henry III, the three largepellets in the angles of the cross being replaced by anexpanded rose between three small pellets. The voidedcross was no doubt intended to assist as a guide in cuttingthe coins into halves and quarters, a practice whichwould be even more necessary with the gold than it waswith thesilver pennies.It has usually been thought that the first actual portraitof an English king that appeared upon his coins was thatof Henry VII. I am, however, inclined to claim thecarefully executed head upon these coins as intended tobe a real portrait. Anyone comparing the face on thecoin with that of Henry III on his monument in WestminsterAbbey, as given by Stothard, 1 in his MonumentalEffigies of Great Britain, will at once see the similarityin, the broad forehead, the long side-locks, the beard, and1Ed. 1817, PL I., opposite p. 30.

224 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.the general expression. The beard is longer and thereare moustaches on the monument, but allowance must bemade for the interval of fifteen or sixteen years betweenthe two portraits. Mr. Andrew will, I believe, carryback portraiture on English coins at all events to thetime of Henry I.The weight of the gold penny was, as we shall presentlysee, fixed at twice that of the silver penny.All four varieties are of extreme rarity.In treating of the historical allusions to the history ofthese coins, I can hardly do better than commence with anextract from Leake's Historical Account of English Money?published in 1745 "We are told from the Manuscript:Chronicle 3 of the City of London, that this King(Henry III), in 1258, coin'd a Penny of pure Gold, ofthe Weight of two Sterlings, and commanded it shouldgo for twenty Shillings but this is such a singular;Assertion, and so contrary to Experience, that it requiresto be corroborated by other Proofs, before it can beadmitted to any Degree of Probability."The required tangible proofs were not long afterwardsforthcoming, and the Manuscript Chronicle has now beenprinted by the Camden Society under the careful editorshipof Mr. Thomas Stapleton. 4 The passage in questionappears under the year 1257, towards the end of the41st year of Henry III, and is quoted in the descriptionof the supplemental plates to Folkes's English Coins.Latin text is given below. 52P. 72.The3Tindal's Rapin, 1732, Notes, fol. 347 Maitland's; Historyof London, 1739, p. 53.4De " antiquix legibus liber. Cronica Maiorum et VicecomitumLondoniarum," &c.5 " Hoc anno creavit Hex monetam auream denar', (quaere

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 225The chronicle, however, goes on to record that in the sameyear (1257), on the Sunday 6 after the Feast of All Saints,the King having summoned the mayor and citizens ofLondon to the Exchequer, demanded their opinion, andadjured them by the fealty they owed him that theyshould certifyhim according to their consciences, whetherthe aforesaid coin would be useful for the common convenienceof his kingdom or not : who, after counsel andconversation among themselves, came before the Kingand said," That through that coin great damage mightarise to his kingdom, and especially to the poor therein,the chattels of most of whom were not worth a goldpenny." And they farther said that through this coingold would become much cheaper, since this money woulddenarium or denariorum) ponderis duorum sterlingorum, deauro purissimo, et voluit ut ille aureus curreret in pretio vigintisterlingorum." Op. cit., p. 29.6 " Hoc anno die Dominica proximo (sic) post festum OmniumSanctorum, venientibus Maiore et Civibus Londoniarum coramDomino Rege per preceptum suum, ad Scaccarium, posuit illosad rationem, conjurans eos in fide, qua tenenturei, ut certificas-&ent ipsum secundum conscientiam eorum, si predicta monetaforet utilis ad commune commodum regni sui, an non. Qui,habito consilio et colloquio inter se, venerunt coram Regedicentes, *Quod per illam monetam posset magnum dampnumpervenire regno suo et maxime pauperibus regni sui, quorumplurimorum catalla non valent unum aureum. Et insuperdixerunt quod aurum per hanc monetam multum vilius haberetur,cum in tot manus ilia moneta dispersa fuisset ; quodnunc patet, quia aurum de folio, quod semper solebat valeredecem marcas, nunc non valet nisi novem marcas vel octo.'Unde, multis rationibus ostensis quodilia moneta non fuitutilis, dixit Dominus Rex ' Volo quodista moneta currat,denarius pro viginti steiiingis, ita quod nullus cogatur ad iliumcapiendum, et qui ilium ceperit, possit ilium excaml>iare, ubivoluerit, sine occasione, et, si voluerit, veniat ad excambiumnostrum et habebit pro quolibet aureo decem et novem denarioset oboluin.'"Op. cit., pp. 29, 30.

226 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.be dispersed into so many hands ;which, indeed, was nowobvious,because gold-leaf, which always used to be worthten marks, was now not worth more than nine, oreight.evenWhence, after many reasons had been shown whythat coin was not useful, our lord the King said, " Iwillthat that money shall be current, the penny for twentysterlings, but so that no one shall be compelled to take it,and whoever has taken it shall be able to exchange itwhere he will, without loss, and if he likes, lethim cometo our exchange, and he shall have for each gold coinnineteen pence half-penny/'The corroboration of the chronicler by the discovery ofthe coins themselves induced antiquariesresearches, and Mr. Holmes found amongto make fartherthe records inthe Tower, in the Close Rolls of the 41st year of Henry III,a precept direct'ed to the mayor and sheriffs of the city7of London to the"following effect : As to gold money itis commanded to the mayorand sheriffsof London thatthey shall proclaim within the aforesaid city that the goldmoney of the King, which the King had had made,should for the future be current in the city aforesaid, aselsewhere in the realm of England, both for buying andselling, viz., each penny for twenty sterling pennies, andthat the silvermoney of the King should in like manner7Rot. Glaus., Ao., 41, Rs. Hen. Ill, M. " 3. De moneta aureamandatum est Majori et Vicecomitibus London', quod clamarifaciant in civitate predicta, quod moneta Regis aurea, quam Rexfieri fecit, de cetero currat in civitate predicta, quam alibi perregnum Anglie tarn ad empciones quam ad vendiciones faciendas,viz. quilibet denarius pro XX denariis Sterlingorumet quod moneta Regis argentea currat similiter sicut currereconsuevit. Teste Rege apud Cestriam XVIto die Augusti.Per Consilium Regis." Folkes, p. 208 ; Snelling, GoldCoins, ii.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 227be current as accustomed dated at Chester on the 16thday of August. By the King's Council/'It will be observed that this is precept dated the 16thAugust, 1257, and that the meeting of the King with themayor and citizens did not take place until the Sundayafter the Feast of All Saints, or the 4th of November inthat same year. It is probable, therefore, that somegeneral feeling of discontent with the new coins led tothe summoning of the city magnates to discuss the questionof their utility with the King.John Capgrave, in his Chronicle of England, fromsome unknown cause antedates the issue of the goldpenny of Henry III by eleven years. He says,8 " In theXXX zere of his regne he let make a new money of gold,whech we clepe now a ferthing of gold: than they clepedit a peny of gold ;for this was the cry thorw the land,that no man refuse a peny of gold, but take it in stede ofXXd." Of course, inasmuch as in Capgrave's time, circa1430, the noble was current for six shillings and eightpence, the "ferthing" would be twenty pence, thenominal original value of the gold penny.In his book of the Illustrious Henries, Capgrave isnearer the mark. Between A.D. 1253 and 1257 he says,9about this time a new gold coin was struck by the King'scommand, and proclamation was made throughout thecities of England that no one should dare to refuse a goldpenny in exchange for twenty pence.From the small number of coins that have survived,and from the evident difficulty that there was ingetting8The Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave, ed. 1858,p. 155.9Hingeston's translation, Rolls Series, 1858, p. 94.

228 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.them universally accepted as money, as well as from thefact that no other moneyer's name than that of Willemappears upon any of them, it seems extremely probablethat their coinage and issue were of very short duration.At the same time it does not appear that they werewithdrawn from circulation. Snelling 10 was able to collectand publish several interesting records relating to thenew gold coins at dates subsequent to their first issue in1257. The first of these, dated November, 1259, mentionsseventy-two gold pennies of the new coinage which are tobe placed in the Treasury.The second document is a " Liberate " addressed tothe Barons of the Exchequer, authorising them to pay toWilliam Fitz Richard, the keeper of the Exchange inLondon, the sum of forty shillings for twenty pennies ofthe new Gold Money which he had bought by the King'sorder. This is dated October 25th, 1265. The third,dated in 1267, directs the repayment of sixty shillingspaid for thirty gold pennies of the new coin. The fourthis as late as 1270, and mentions two shillings paid forone gold penny.From these notices the inference has been drawn that,within seven or eight years of their issue, the currentvalue of the coin was raised from twenty pence to twentyfour.Indeed, Kenyon ll says that this was effected byproclamation in 1265. I am not, however, aware of theexistence of any such proclamation, and it is worthy ofnotice that the gold pennies bought for the King, andreferred to in these documents, were paid into the Wardrobe,and used by the King as offerings on St. Edward'sday and other feast days. It seems, therefore, not im-10Introduction, pp. ii. and iii. u P. 15.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 229probable as was the case with James I and his Bezant 12that he took a pride in offering inthe church gold coinsof his own striking, and was, therefore, willing to buythem up at somewhat above the current value. Possiblythe ecclesiastics who received them had them melteddown.Edward III, of whose florins I shall shortly have tospeak, inherited the same desire for gold coins withwhich to make his offerings in church. In the Issue Rollof Michaelmas in the first year of Edward III (1327) is13the " following passage: To Robert de Wodehous, Keeperof the Wardrobe aforesaid, for the price of eight scoreand fourteen florins of Florence, the price of each florinas purchased 39 Jd., delivered to the same keeper by thehands of John de Houton his clerk, for one pound andone mark of gold, forthe offerings of our lord the Kingto be made on the day of his Coronation, and a poundcontains 104 florins and a mark 70 ; by the King's commandunder his privy seal which he used before heundertook the rule of his Kingdom, which is here amongthe briefs and mandates of this first year 28 12s. 9d."To return to the gold penny, Pegge, in a letter to the12Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. xvi., p. 254.13 **Roberto de Wodehous Custodi Garderobe supradicte, inprecio xx viij xiiijFlorenorum de Florencia, precio cujuslibetfloreni prout emebantur xxxix d. ob. liberatorum eidem custodiper manus Joharmis de Houton clerici sui pro una libra et unamarca auri, pro oblationibus domini Regis die Coronacionis suefaciendis, et con. .tet libra ciiij florenos et marca Ixx per mandatumRegis de privato sigillo suo quo utebatur ante regni:sui regiminis suscepcionem, quod est hie inter brevia etmandata de hoc anno primo xxviij li. xij.s. ix.d." For thisextended transcript I am indebted to Sir H. Maxwell Lyte. Asomewhat erroneous translation of the passage is given in theIssues of the Exchequer, by Frederick Devon (1837, p. 139) andrepeated in Notes and Queries, 1st S. Vol. I (1849), p. 119.VOL. XX. THIRD SEKIES. H H

230 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Gentleman 9s Magazine for 1756, 14 calls attention to a bondor instrument between two Jews, dated in Henry's 46thyear, 1261-62, in which mention is made of a Jaku of goldwhich he supposes to be the penny. He states that among theJews Jaku meant "refined/' and that they used the wordsdenarius and Jaku like penny and sterling.It seems likelythat Pegge's views are founded on the word p1p*> whichhe would probably transliterate Jakuk, having occurred inan abbreviated form. The word in the full form is derivedfrom PPJ, and seems to mean " refined," but it is constantlyused in Jewish " Shetaroth " 15 of the thirteenthcentury in the abbreviated form ipt to designate a markof thirteen shillings and four pence.After 1270 we hear no more of the gold penny, andthough Edward I rehabilitated the silver coinage, hemade no attempt to reintroduce a gold currency, neitherdid Edward II. It was left for Edward III to undertakethe task, and it was not until the seventeenth year ofhisreign, in 1343, after an interval of upwards of eightyyears since the gold coinage of Henry III, that he did so.The delay seems to have been due to the manner in whichthat coinage was received in London. Already someyears before its issue in 1257, gold coins had beenstruck in several foreign countries. The Augustalis ofFrederick II is mentioned in a document of 1232, 16 andthe issue of florins at Florence dates from the year 1252. 17In France, Louis IX had also introduced a goldcoinageat about the same time. Edward III himself seems tohave had a Florin, with the fleur-de-lis, struck for Aqui-14P. 465.15Hebrew Deeds of English Jews before 1290. 1888, pp. 131,190, 272, &c.17Engel and Serrure, Num. du Moyen Age, vol. ii., p. 814.Keary, Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. vi. (1886), p. 87.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 231taine before 1337, and the Ecu or Chaise probably from1337 to 1344. I take the dates from a letter of Mr.Lionel M. Hewlett.Gold coins, therefore, formed an important element inthe foreign transactions of the English merchants, and in aParliamentary enquiry held in 1343 upon the condition ofthe currency they had to be taken into full consideration.The history is related at some length by Ruding, 18 sothat it would be superfluous to itreproduce here. Thedeliberations resulted in a recommendation that, if theFlemings were willing, one kind of gold money should bemade in England and in Flanders, which should be currentin both those countries, and that the use of all othermoney ofgold should be prohibited and the coins shouldbe treated as bullion.It does not appear that any special arrangement wasmade withthe Flemings, but strangely enough Graftonin his Chronicle, under the date of November, 1337, statesthat Edward was made vicar-general and lieutenant to theand silver.Emperor, with power to coin money of goldHe adds that he kept his winter at the castle of Louvainand caused great sums of money, both of gold and silver,to be coined at Antwerp.Froissart makes the same statement,but at present the coinage has not been identified.The discrepancy amongdifferent chroniclers withregard to the date of the first issue of gold coins byEdward III in England is most remarkable. Euding 19has " already written, It isextraordinary that the dateof a circumstance so strikingly impressive as the issuingof a gold coinage must have been, should be involved inany uncertainty : our old chroniclers, however, vary1819Ann. of the Coinage, vol. i., p. 215.Op. cit.,vol. i., p.' 217, note.

232 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.materiallyfrom the truth in their accounts. Caxtonsays that in his 14th year, King Edward commandedhis coin of gold to be made forthwith the best that mightbe, that is for to say, the floreyne that was called thenoble, price of six shillings eight pence of sterlings(Sig. "W. 1) ; Fabian, that, in the same year, he changedhis coin, and made the noble and the half-noble of thevalue of six shillings, eight pence, nine pence, or ten pence(vol. ii., p. 207) ; Grafton, that in 1339 he caused anew coin of gold to be coined, called the noble, of the valueof six shillings, eight pence, or nine pence, &c., and that, in1343 he made a new coin of gold, and named it the floreyn,that is to say the penny of the value of six shillings,eight pence, &c., which coin was specially ordained for hiswar in France ;for the gold thereof was not so fine as thenoble, which as before, in the 14th year of his reign, hecaused to be coined." Holinshed likewise speaks of the superior fineness ofthe noble, which was coined in his 14th year, over theflorins of 1344, the value of which he fixes at six shillingsand eight pence (sub anno 1344)." Stow makes the same mistake as to the value, butfixes the coinage in the year 1342 (Annals, -p. 229, quotedby Leake, p. 102)."It is needless to remark that Edward III struck nonobles before his eighteenth year.The monk of St. Albans 20is more accurate than mostof the chroniclers, but places the issue of the florins in1343. His words are as follows": Fabricatio florenorum.Hoc anno apud turrim Londoniarum jussit rex florenosfieri ;scilicet denarium, obolum et quadrantem."20Chronicnn Angliae, Rolls ed., 1874, p. 16.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 233Henry Knighton of Leicester, 21 under A.D. 1344, says :" Moneta auri oritur Eodem tempore nobile et obolus etferthing de auro coepere florere in regno," but adds thatno one could be compelled to take gold for a larger amountthan twenty shillings.From what he says farther, itwould appear that the striking of nobles at York and atother important cities had been in contemplation.Fortunately, the Proclamation authorising the currencyof the Florin and its parts, and two indentures underwhich they might bestruck are still extant, and have forthree centuries at least been known by antiquaries tobe in existence. The Proclamation is dated the 27thJanuary, 1344 (or 1343 O.S.), and is to be found in E/ymer'sFoedera^ It has also been printed by Pinkerton. 23 Itis in Norman French and to the following effect" The King to the Sheriffs of London, Greeting. As ithas been accorded and agreed by our prelates and othergreat persons of our Kingdom of England, for the commonprofit of us and of our people of the said kingdom thatthree coins of gold be made in our Tower of London,that is to say:" One coin of two Leopards, the piece current for sixshillings, which shall be of the weight of two smallflorins of Florence of good weight and one;coin of goldof one Leopard, weighing the half of the other aforesaidcoin,the piece current for three shillings."And one coin of gold of a Helmet, weighing thefourth part of the aforesaid first coin, the piece current foreighteen pence." The which coins of gold ought to have course amongall manner of persons within the said realm of England.2122Chronicon Henrici Knighton, Rolls ed., 1895, p. 30.23V., 403.Essay on Medals, vol. ii., p. 437.

234 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE."We command that in the said city,and in the placeswhere you shall see that itought to be done within yourbailiwick, you shall have proclaimed and published theaforesaid things, and that every man of whatever condition,private or stranger, shall receive the said coins ofgold in every manner of payment, and likewise that thecoins be refused of none under evident peril." And herein fail in no manner." Given at Westminster on the 27th day of January."The indentures for coining the three denominations ofgold money set forth in the Proclamation are given byRuding. The first was with George Kirkyn and LotteNicholyn of Florence, masters and workers, and Hugh deBrandon and others, changers of the money, and is dated1343; but it is doubtful, as Ruding observes, whether anycoinage of gold took place by virtue of this indenture.It is, however, interesting to note that the masters andworkers of the mint were " of Florence," the originalhome of the florin.The second indenture, under which in all probability theflorin and its parts were actually struck, bears date 1344,and is between the King and Walter Dunflower, thenmaster and worker ;and fifty florins were to be struckfrom the pound Tower of gold. The so-called leopards ofthe proclamation are in reality lions, leopard being theFrench heraldic term for a lion passant guardant, such asthose in the royal arms of England.When we bear in mind that, so far as we are aware,nearly five hundred years elapsedbetween the time whenthese florins were in circulation and the date when an actualgold florin was seen by an antiquary, and further, thatduring all this period the proclamationand indenturerelating to their striking and currency were extant, it is

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 235not surprising that speculations as to the exact types ofthe coins were not always well founded.Ruding himself, who knew the half and the quarterflorin, thought that the florin probably presented an impressionallusive to the royal arms of England, whichoriginally consisted of two lions only, the third havingbeen added by Henry II. Like myself, he regarded the" "piece of two Leopards as referring to the type and notto the weight.The Leopard and the Helmet are identifiedby the types.Camden says that " the first goldthat K. Edw. 3coyned was in the yeare 1343, and the peeces were calledFlorences, because Florentines were the coyners."24statement is repeated by Fleetwood 25 in 1745.ThisLeake, 26 in his Historical Account of English Money tpublished in 1745, was the first to give a figure of thequarter florin. He describes it as having on one side ahelmet with lambrequins and the crest of the lion passantguardant, as we see upon Edward's great seal, the fieldbeing seme de lys.Wise, 27 in 1750, publishes the same coin, which thenbelonged to Bryan Fairfax, and says that, owing totherecalling of the gold coinage on August 20, 1344, neitherthe florin nor the half was then known. Both his descriptionand engraving of the coin are slightly inaccurate.As Ruding relates, it was soon discovered that thismoneywas rated too high, that is, was overvalued in proportionto the silver coins then current, and it was on that accountgenerally refused. For this reason it was ordered by aproclamation, dated on the 9th ofJuly in the same year,24!526Remaines, ed., 1614, p. 105.App. to Chronicon preciosum, p. 10.Plates, 2nd ser., ii.14, p. 104. * De nummis, &c., p. 233.

236 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.to be taken in payment only with the consent of those towhom itmight be offered. And by a subsequent proclamationon the 20th of August immediately following, itwas declared to be no longer current without the consentof the receiver, but was to be considered as bullion, andtaken according to its value as such.The issue of nobles with a new type, of greater weight,and current for six shillings and eightpence, the third ofa pound, instead of for six shillings only, was authorisedin the autumn of the same year. The coinage of theflorin and its parts lasted, therefore, only for a fewmonths, and it is not to be wondered at that they arerare.Of the florins at the present time two only are known,the same number of half-florins, and of quarter-florinsthree, but not one of these seven coins is the exact duplicateof another.It will now be desirable to describe the differentvarietiesof the coins.FLORINS.1. Obv.KDV/'R o D o 6E7T o EffX o 7Y R 6 L o S o FETCHd oDRS o tylB. The king beardless, crowned androbed, seated facing under a Gothic canopy ofone central and two side arches, holding in hisright hand a sceptre with a floriated finial, andin his left an orb surmounted by a cross patteeon a stem ;on either side of the throne is aleopard or lion :facing the field is semee offleurs-de-lis, eleven in number. The legend isbetween two beaded circles, and on each side ofthe canopy is a foliation of three arches, at thejunction of the two upper of which is a cusp.The throne and the feet of the king cut throughthe inner circle.PU>V.*&* II?GC * TETinsiGms * PGCE * mecDivm * IL-L.OEVm * IB7YT between two beaded circles.In the centre a tressure of four semicircular

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 237curves, consisting of an outer plain line and aninner one beaded, the cusps foliated, containinga short cross with quatrefoiled and foliated ends,and a quatrefoil in the centre upon a beadedcross voided. In each curve of the tressure is acrown, and outside each angle a lion passantguardant.Jf. British Museum. 106 grs. [PL XI.No. 5.] Kenyon, PI. I. 1.2. Obv. 6CDWE' o D' o GE7V o E6CX TO 6 L' 3 FETmCCoDRS o tylB o .King seated as on No. 1, butmore fleurs-de-lis, twenty-three in the field, oneof them between the king's right arm and hisbody.Eev. As No. 1.N. J. E. 107 grs. [PL XI. No. 6.]Both these coins were found by boys grubbing in thebed of the Tyne at Newcastle about the year 1857, whenNo. 1 was purchased for the British Museum. No. 2came into the possession of Mr. William Forster, ofCarlisle, at the sale of whose coins in 1868 I purchased it.HALF FLORINS.A crowned lion or leopard sejantguardant to the left, his tail passing between hishind legs and turned behind him ;attached tohis neck is a banner, which flows back over hisshoulder, bearing the arms of France ancient andEngland quarterly. The legendis between twobeaded circles.Rev.i* Dominec g nee g in g FVEOEG; s TVO7CE6V7YS g ffiGC. A tressure of four curves withlions in the exterior angles, containing a crossnearly the same as that on the florin, but withthree trefoils at the end of each limb instead ofthe crown and foliation.N. British Museum. 54 grs. [PL XI.No. 7.] Kenyon; PI. I. 2.. .... ... .-,,.VOL. XX THIRD SERIES. I t

238 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.This coin appears to have come to light in 1800. OnAugust 30th of that year Mr. Thomas Sharp, a wellknownantiquary of Coventry, addressed a letter to theGentleman's Magazine?* announcing that he had had thesingularly good fortuneto acquire a goldcoin which herecognised as the half-florin of Edward III. A goodengraving of the piece accompanieshis letter. In hisobituary notice in 1841 29 it is stated that the coin wasthen in the British Museum. It would appear that Mr.Sharp parted with it to Mr. Roberts, as it was bought forthe Museum with the Roberts collection in 18JO. It isengraved in Ruding, Suppl., part ii., PL III. 6, and inKenyon, Plate I. 2 B.2. Obv.As No. 1.Rev. * Dominec g nee g in g FVEOEGC g TVO g7VE6V7VS 8 flia. As No. 2.N. J.E. 53J grs. [PL XL No. 8.]This specimen was purchased by Mr. Wigan atBrumell's sale in 1850, and came into my cabinet in1872. Its principal difference from No. 1 consists in itshaving no annulets at the sides of the initial cross of thelegend on the reverse. QUARTER FLORINS.1. 06t>. GtDWE'gE'g 7U76L'8 5 8 FETmd' 8 D'8 IjIB'.Alion guardant crowned, with tail extended, standingto the left on a cap of maintenance surmountinga helmet with mantling attached the;field semee of fleurs-de-lis, ten in number. Thereis a beaded circle outside the legend, and a faintplain inner circle on which some of the fleurs-delisencroach.28G. M., 1800, vol. ii., p. 945.M G. M., 1841, vol. ii., p. 437.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 2397?,t,.-_,j,eCXT^LTTVBITVEgingGLOEm A short crosspotent upon a beaded cross voided, with foliatedends, a quatrefoil in the centre.JT. British Museum. 27 grs. [PL XI.Ko. 9.] Kenyon, PI. 1.8.This specimen originally belonged to Bryan Fairfax,and at his sale in 1751 was acquired by Martin Folkes,and after his death passed in1756 into the possession ofMr. Harnott. After passing through the hands of theRev. J. W. Martin, it eventually came into the collectionof Captain Murchison, at whose sale in 1864 it was purchasedby the Trustees of the Museum.2. Obv. eO)WB,'K'7oL'o H FK7Tna'oDf}IB'.As No. 1, but the mantling plain and not cutinto lambrequins.jR

240 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.his coins by an English monarch, thoughthat titleappears on King Edward's great seal some few yearsearlier. "With regard to the types, itmay be observedthat formany centuries it was the usual custom to representa king on his seal, and occasionally on his coins, asseated in state u^)on his throne. The gold penny ofHenry III and the silver penny ofEdward the Confessorafford examples. In the case of the florin, Edward isseated beneath a Gothic canopy in the same manner ashe appears on what is called his sixth great seal, 31 whichwas in use from 1340 to 1372. Moreover, at his feet nretwo lions sejant guardant, with their tails recurved overtheir backs, in much the same posture as the " leopard "on the half-florin, while the helmet, cap of maintenance,mantling and crest ofthe horseman on the reverse of theseal are almost identical with the device of the quarterflorinNo. 2, though turned to the rightinstead of theleft. The housings of the horse are charged with the royalarms in the same manner as the mantle or banner of the" "leopard on the half-florin. The seal isreproduced onPlate X., as itis so remarkably illustrative of the coins.The throne was probably arranged in accordance withthe description given of that of Solomon, 32 with " stayson each side of the sitting place and two lions standingby the stays." It must, however, be confessed that onthe florin the two leopards occupy a most subordinateplace, and that no artist called upon to produce a designfor " a coin of two leopards" would have hit upon theobverse type of the florin.Still it in some manner fulfilsthe requirements of the proclamation.31B. M. Cat. of Seals, i., 186, PI. II. 3. Allan Wyon, GreatSeals of England, No. 61, PI. X. 1.322 Chron. ix. v. 18.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 241It must be confessed that there is great similaritybetween both the obverse and reverse of the florins andthose of the French coins of Philip VI de Valois of Franceof much the same period.The reverse is almost identicalwith that of the ange d'or of Philip, but has lions in thespandrels of the quatrefoil instead of crowns. It is alsomuch like that of the Ecu of Edward III.The face of the King seems to be a portrait;events itthe Great Seal.at allresembles in a remarkable degree the face uponThe type of the half-florin is both artistic and effective,and isworthy of the most flourishing periodart.of GothicThe manner in which the device is made to occupythe whole of the field is admirable. The type never reappearedin the English series ;and that of the Leopard,subsequently struck for Edward's French dominions, wasa lion statant.There is, however, a Wardrobe counter of Edward IIIon the obverse of which this type appears. It ispublishedfrom a specimen found in France, and a figuregiven of it in Rouyer and Hucher's Histoire du Jeton auHoy en Age.^ The description of it is as follows :(Obv.) + L6C OP 7VRD SV6C. (Leopard Sue}-Leopard haletant et accroupi, la tete ceinte d'unecouronne a trois neurons, et le col entoure d'unebanniere flottante au seme de France ecarteled'Angleterre. Au centre du flaon un point profondementgrave en creux.(Rev.) + CTRDa EOB6C E6C6IS. Croix a triplenervure, fleuronnee, evidee au centre et aux ex-331858, p. 173, PI. XVI. 139; Medallic Illustrations, vol. i.,p. 8; yum. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. xv., 1895, p. 168.

242 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.tremites en rosaces a quatre lobes. A Tavers etau revers les mots sont separes et meme coupe'spar de petites couronnes ouvertes.Ce jeton a toutes les apparences d'un pied-fort. Sonepaisseur est de 2 millimetres largement mesureset son poids est de 10 grammes 75 centigrammes(= 166 grs.).The cross on the reverse is not precisely that of anyone of the florin series, but resembles that on the halfflorinwith foliations like those on the quarter-florin,There are two saltires between the words as on thereverse of the florin, and not annulets. The crowns inthe legend are the same as those on the florin at the endsof the cross. The annexed wood-cut is taken froma cast of an original counter in the Cabinet des medaiUes atParis, kindly procured for me byMr. Francis Whelan.Wardrobe Counter of Edward III. M.The legend" Leopard sue " I am the Leopard mightalmost be a repetition of words that fell from the mouthof Edward III or of the Black Prince.It is not surprising to find the following lines in theepitaph of Edward III in Westminster Abbey 34 :" Tertius Edwardus regni complens Jubileum,Invictus. pardus, bellis pollens Machabeum."34Sandford's Geneal. History, p. 175.-Ehytkmici de H. Vto1858, p. 72.See also Versus

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 243Which have been thus translated by Sandford" The III. Edward : the Death of whom may rueAll English Men, for he by Knighthood due,Was libarde invict, and by Feat Martial,To worthy Macabe in Vertue, peregal."Even in the days ofHenry V, Richard II receives thetitle of Leopardus" Inde sepultura Regis translata Ricardi,Solemni cura per RegemfitLeopardi."The type of the helmet on the quarter- florin thoroughlyfulfils the requirements of the proclamation. Its resemblanceto the king's head-gear in the equestrian representationof him on the reverse of his great seal has alreadybeen mentioned ;but the fact that it is almost identicalin character with the helmet, cap, and crest of the BlackPrince still preserved on his monument in CanterburyCathedral 35 is more strikingstill. The slight variation inthe mantling on Nos. 9 and 10 shows how far from servileand monotonous copying was the art of die-sinking in themiddle of the fourteenth century.Although the type does not seem to have been repeatedon any mediaeval coins. English or foreign, the device onthe " lion " shillings and sixpences of George IV may beregarded as a direct descendant from it, though 'to mymind " the old is better."Mr. Allan Wyon, 36 in speaking of the Third Great Sealof Presence of Edward III, which was in use from the 21stFebruary to the 20th June, 1340, observes": This sealis remarkable as being the first in which an Englishking used the title of ' Rex Franciae,' and in which thearms of France are quartered with those of England. Itis also the first seal in which the lion statant guardant3538Vetusta Monumenta, vol. vii., PL VII.The Great Seal* of England, 1887, p. 32.

244 NUMTSMAT1C CHRONICLE.with extended tail, appears as the Royal crest of England,and it is also the first which has a diapered field."These remarks are almost equally applicable to theflorin coinage, for the field seme of fleurs-de-lis may beregarded as the equivalent of a field diapered withlozenges each containing a fleur-de-lis.Taken altogetherthe types of this coinage testify to a new departure inmedallic art, and it would be difficult to pointout anexactly parallel case in the English or any other series,though the French and other Continental gold coins ofthe period are in many cases of equally delicate workmanship.The legends on the reverses of the three coins nowdemand a few words, especially as theyin their turnafford the earliest instances of the adoption of scripturaltexts upon English coins the; groats with POSVIDEYM ADIVTOREM MEVM not having been struckuntil 1351.The legend on the reverse of the florin isprecisely thesame as that on its successor the noble, and on severalother denominations of English gold coins, and hasformed a subject for discussion from the days of Camdenuntil the present time. Among the most recent enunciationsupon it, I may cite those of the Rev. John Baron,D.D., F.S.A., 37 to which our attention was called by Mr.Warwick Wroth 38 a few years ago, and of the late39regretted Mr. A. E. Packe in his excellent paper on" TheTypes and Legends of the Mediaeval and later Coins ofEngland."The text on the florin is based upon the Gospel of St.37Archaologia, vol. xlvii., 1882, p. 140.38Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. ii., 1882, p. 298.39Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. xii., 1892, p. 257.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 245Luke, chap, iv., v. 30, which in the Vulgate reads " Ipseautem transiens per medium illorum ibat." The firstword ischanged into Jesus in its abbreviated form If]CCin which the d seems to be a survival of the Greek Cand the second word is omitted, thoughlater coins bearing this legend,it is re-introduced.in most of theAs to the meaning of the text when placed upon acoin there has been no little controversy. Although *Camden's account ofthe matter is so well known, I venturehere to repeat a summary of it. His storythe " faire and fine gold " of the florin and noble " wasis thatas our Alchimists do affirme (as an unwritten verity)made by proiection or multiplication Alchimicall of RaymondLully in the Tower of London, who wold proueitas Alchmically beside the tradition of the Rabies in thatfaculty, by the inscription/' on the reverse." Which theyprofoundly expound, as lesus passed invisible & in mostsecret manner by the middest of Pharises, so that goldwas made by invisible and secret arte amidst the ignorant.But other say that text was the only Amulet used in thatcredulous warfaring age to escape daungers in battailes."There is a third view that the text bears some referenceto the battle of Sluys in 1340.With regard to the alchemical view, the late Sir A.Wollaston Franks 4l has been cited as affirming that thistext, " Jesus autem, &c.," is certainly found in treatises of42alchemy, and Mr. Packe says that the alchemical meaningof the famous Jesus transiens, fyc., is surely fairly establishednow, after the papers by Dr. Baron and Mr. Wroth.w Remaines concerning Britaine, ed. 1614, p. 206.41ArchaoL, vol. xlvii., p. 142.Op. cit., p. 259.12VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. K K

246 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Granting, however, that the text was used by the alchemists,it by no means follows that they produced any ofthe gold from which the florins and nobles were struck,and nothingis more improbable than that their secretcharm should be placed as a motto on the public currency.The passages cited from Ashmole, 43 though giving anaccount of the relations that subsisted between Edward IIIand Lully when he was brought over to England, bringus no nearer to the production of any goldflorins or nobles.for eitherLully, 44 indeed, died more than twentyyears before Edward coined any gold.On the whole it seems to me, that though we may accepthave made occasional use ofas a fact that alchemists maythe text under discussion, its connection with even animaginary production of the gold for these coins is in thehighest degree problematical. The occurrence of the texton finger rings and on the front of a druggist's shop atToledo, points more in the direction of its being regardedas beingin the nature of a charm or an amulet than asbearing on alchemy.I need hardly say that I do not agree with Mr. Packe 45in his remark, " I am glad that we have got rid of SirJohn Maundeville as an authority for any other interpretation" than the alchemical. On the contrary I hold thatthe textwas in the fourteenth century frequently used asa charm against thieves or when in peril,though whetherit was placed on the coins in consequence of its virtue asan amulet isextremely doubtful. The often-quotedpassage from Sir John Maundeville's Travels seems toafford sufficient evidence as to its use as a charm. He43Theatrum chcmicum Britannicum, pp. 442, 467.44Ending, vol. i., p. 220, note 2.Num. f'hron., 3rd ser., vol. xii., p. 259.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 247says, 46 " And an half Myle fro Nazarethe is the Lepe ofoure Lord : for the Jewes ladden him upon an higheRoche ;for to make him lepe doun, and have slayn him :but Jesu passed amonges hem, and lepte upon anotherRoche ;and zit ben the Steppes of his Feet sene in theRoche, where he allyghte.And therfore seyn men, whanthei dreden hem of Thefes, on ony Weye, or of Enemyes ;Jesus autem transiens per medium illom ibat ; that is toseyne, Jesus forsothe passynge be the myddes of hem, hewente ; in tokene and mynde, that oure Lord passedthorghe out of the Jewes Crueltee, and scaped safly frohem ;so surely mowe men passen the perile of Thefes."Maundeville left England in 1322 and did not return until1356, so that in all probability this passage was writtenwithout any acquaintance with the fact that the textquoted was inscribed on either English florins or nobles.be that the fact that it was used as a charm ledItmayto its quotation by King Edward III on a notable occasionin the manner recorded by a little-known chronicler,cited, as already mentioned, by the Rev. Dr. Baron in hisaccount of a hoard of gold nobles found at BremeridgeFarm, near Westbury, Wilts. The chronicle of the Abbeyof Meaux, in Yorkshire, written by Thomas de Burton, 47who was elected Abbot in 1396, gives an account of thegreat naval victory of the English over the French whichwas gained off Sluys, near Flushing, in Holland, on the24th of June, 1330.In describing the battle, de Burton says that at firstthe French shipswere chained together lest they should46The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundeville, Kt., ed.1839, p. 113.47Chronica Monasterii de Melsd, Rolls ed., 1868, vol. iii.,p. 45.

248 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.possibly be separated the one from the other. But beforethe first onslaught, as King Edward and his fleet feignedto flee, they broke the chains and pursued him in a disorderlymanner. Which when Edward saw, he marshalledhis ships in order and, passing through the. midst of them,obtained the victory as already related. On which accountKing Edward himself caused the impression of his goldmoney to be changed. Therefore on his noble, which isworth half a mark, he ordained that there should beimpressed, on the one side, a ship having in it the Kingarmed, and around it the King's name written, and on theother side a cross with this "circumscription Jesus:autem transiens per medium illorum ibat." The Latin48text isgiven below.The chronicler does not seem to have been aware ofthe existence of such coins as the florin and its parts, andcertainly without the ship on the obverse, the connectionbetween the legend on the reverse and the victory ofSluys is by no means apparent. Ii seems to me doubtfulwhether the type of the King on his throne, with thetwo leopards in so subordinate a position, was thedesign originally contemplated for the coin of twoleopards, and possibly some design, more clearly indica-48"Ipsae autem naves Francorum prius catenatae erant, neab invicem possent separari. Sed ante primum congressum,Edwardo rege cum sua classe fugam simulante, catenas suasrumpebant et regem Edwardum inordinate sequebantur. Quodvidens Edwardus rex, ordine disposito per medium ipsorumtransibat, et de illis victoriam ut praedicitur adeptus est. Quapropteripse rex Edwardus impressionem monetae suae aureaefecerat commutari. Unde in suo nobili, dimidiam marcamvalente, ex una ejus parte navem cum rege armato in eo contento,regis nomine circumscripto, et ex altera ejus partecrucem imprimi constituens, hanc circumscriptionem adhibuitJesus autem transiens per medium illorum ibat."

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 249tive of the victory over France, may at first have been inview.Mr. Packe 49 was of opinion that " on the noble thelegend suggested the type, instead of the type thelegend." Anyhow, the type and legends of the noblejustify the old rhymes. 50" For foure things our noble sheweth to me,King, ship, and sword and power of the sea."The origin and intention of the legend on the reverse ofthe " half-florin, Domine ne in furore tuo arguas me/' arenot at once obvious, but I think that Mr. Packe' s ingenioussuggestion on the subject is well worthy of consideration.The type of the obverse of this piece, thereal equivalent of the Continental florin, is a leopard. Itis indeed the coin of one leopard. Now there is a passagein Hosea which Mr. Packe thinks shows the train ofthought pursued in connecting the legend of the reversewith the type of the"obverse. In that passage (chap,xiii. v. 7, 11) we read in the Vulgate : 'Ero eis sicutpardus in via Assyriorum. Dabo tibi regem in furore meoet auferam in indignations mea.' 'God/ says the prophet,'lies in wait for his rebellious people like a leopard in theway. He gives them a king in his anger, and takes himaway in his wrath/ The legend on the coin is theprayer of the king against such a calamity, freely renderedinto the very similar but more familiar text of thepenitential psalm/' Though Mr. Packe offers this explanation,he confesses that he is not satisfied with it, andsays that he will be glad if some one can suggest a better.So shall I.With the interpretation of the legend on the helm or49Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. xii., p. 260.50Selden, Mare clausum, lib.ii., cap. xxv., quoted by Ruding.

250 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.quarter-florin, I agreewith Mr. Packe there isless difficulty.Itmay refer to the central cross, but more probablyto be read in connection with the helmet it is andcrest on the obverse. Taken together with the contextin Psalm cxii. v. 9, it is singularly appropriate for a coin." He hath dispersed abroad and given to the poor and;his righteousness remaineth for ever, his horn shall beexalted with honour."" Dispersit, dedit pauperibus,justitia ejus manet in seculum seculi, cornu ejusexaltabiturin gloria/'It remains to say a few words with regard to the goldof which the florin and its parts were composed, theextent of the coinage,soon called in.and the reason why theywere soThe gold was as nearly as practicable pure, beingtwenty-three carats three grains and a-half fine gold, andonly half a grain alloy.In other words, the pure gold inthe coins was to the whole weight in the proportion of191 to 192.From the returns published in the English HistoricalReview, 51 founded upon the Pipe Rolls, it appears that fromthe 24th January, 1344, to the 10th of July followingwhen the coinage of the noble was authorised, there werecoined in pounds Tower of 5,400 grains 2,129 18s. 8d.,of the value, at the rate of 15 to the pound, of about32,000 in the currency of those days, for it will beremembered that fifty florins of the value of six shillingseach were to be struck from the pound Tower of finegold.When the first coinage of nobles took place later in thesame year, they were coined at the rate of 13 3s. 4d.51Vol. xii., p. 754.

THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 251only to the pound Tower, but coins to the then value of21,500 were struck. In 1346 a lighter issue of noblestook place, as they were coined at the rate of 14 to thepound Tower. Of this kind, coins were struck to thevalue of 132,700. In 1357 a second reduction tookplace, and nobles were coined at the rate of 15 to thepound Tower, the same rate as the old florins.It is evident from these facts that aboutthe middle ofthe fourteenth century the relative values of gold andsilver were in a very fluctuating condition.In Henry Ill'stime an issue of gold at the rate of 10 to 1 had been tried,and failed. In 1344 the rate of 15 to 1 was found toohigh, and a sudden revulsioncaused a coinage at the rateof 13 to 1 to be issued ;to be quickly followed by oneat 14 to 1, and in a few years by one of 15 to 1, whichfor a long period remained unaltered.The rarity of the early nobles and of the florincoinageof Edward III is to be accounted for by this misapprehensionof the relative values of gold and silver.The meltingvalue of the nobles was greater than their current value,and they therefore disappeared. The florins were appraisedtoo high, and therefore could not getinto circulation,but were returned to the Treasury. The oldchronicler 52 was right who wrote, under 1343 or 1344 :" Circa idem tempus ordinavit rex primo florenos aureospro moneta ad currendum in Anglia ;quia parum prof ait."quod parum duravit,JOHN EVANS.62Adami Murimuthensis Chron., E. H. S., cited in Arch.,vol. xlvii., p. 142 ; 1846, p. 159.

XIV.THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 1(See Plate XII.)TWENTY years ago the country now known as the Transvaal,or, to give it its official name, the South AfricanRepublic, was hardly known beyond the small circle ofthose whom politics or trade brought into direct contactwith it. It was almost exclusively inhabited by the Boers.This word means " farmers," and is applied to the Dutchrural population of South Africa in general, but in amore special political sense to the Dutch of the Transvaaland of the neighbouring Orange Free State. TheBoers occupy themselves mainly with pastoral and agriculturalpursuits, to which they add some hunting. Atthat time the country had already existeda quarter of acentury, under its own rather patriarchal, and certainlyvery primitive, form of government and the inhabitants;claimed complete national independence for it. The fewtravellers, scientific and otherwise, who had, up to twentyfiveor thirty years ago, visited the Transvaal, had beenalmost unanimous in their belief that the country wasrich in minerals, but practical mining engineers were ofopinion that the mines would prove difficult and expensive1This account of the Transvaal coinage was communicatedanonymously to the Society in 1894, but for obvious reasons itwas deemed expedient to postpone its publication.

THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 253to work ari opinion which is beingmore every day, as we are becomingwith the condition of things.realised more andmore familiarHowever, small quantities of alluvial gold were found,mostly in the eastern part of the Transvaal, in the districtof Lydenburg, where, during the Presidency of Mr. Burgers,the mining camp of Pilgrims'Rest became establishedas a mining community and got fairly under weigh.Mr. Thomas Burgers, the then President of the Transvaal,had, till a few years before 1874, been a clergymanin Cape Colony and after his election he had endeavoured;to infuse a spirit of enlightenment amongst the ruralfarmers, who had, till his election, been under thesimple but efficient guidance* of presidents from their ownranks men with chiefly religious and military training.Now, however, Mr. Burgers thought that the productionof gold in the country afforded an opportunity to impressthe Yolksraad (their Parliament) with the importance ofits wealth and capabilities, by having some of it coinedinto real metallic money an article very much in demandthere at thafc time. He therefore persuaded the Yolksraadto allow him to have some of the rough goldof theTransvaal coined into money. It must be admitted thatconsideration for the country's economical condition wasnot the only motive of the President, but his vanity wasnattered by the prospect of having his likeness on thecoins circulating amongst the people. In 1874, 256*275ounces of rough alluvial gold were sent to Mr. J. J. Pratt,the then Consul-General in London for the Transvaal,from whom Messrs. Johnson, Matthey and Co. receivedit and in turn forwarded it to Messrs. Ralph Heatonand Sons, at Birmingham, to be coined into money.Thislast firm coined 215 "03 ounces of it into money of. .theVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. L L

254 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.value of eight hundred and thirty-seven pounds (837),leaving 40'3 ounces or 157 uncoined, which was sentback to Mr. Pratt. The coin thus struck was called the" State's Pound/' and at the next session of the VolksraadPresident Burgers handed, with much ceremony, a specimento each of the members [PI.XII. 1],The balancefound itsway to various favoured creditors of the government.The recipients of these coins, however, did notput them into circulation, but hoarded them with greattenacity (and do so still) as curios ; a thing easy enough,as, soon after, British coin became sufficiently plentifulforall purposes. They are real curios, for when the accountwas examined it was found that each poundcost 26s.to produce. At presentit isvery difficult to obtainone of these coins. The price last heard of was 25offered and refused ! There isyetanother Transvaalcoinage, which, though of a later date, is much scarcerbecause it was searched for with a view to its being putout of circulation on account of a mistake in the deviceand its historyis even more curious than that of thecoinage of Mr. Burgers.When people found that it cost 26s. to coin a poundworth 20s. and the coins of Mr. Burgers were currentfor 20s., being equal in weight and proportion of puregold and alloy to British sovereigns there was no verygreat desire to repeat the experiment. The countrycontinued to yield gold, with an occasional interruption,but not on anything like the present scale. Yet the aspirationafter a national mint only slumbered but was notquite dead. So when, in 1886, and the next couple ofyears, the goldmines near Barberton the cradle of themining industry in the Transvaal began to yield theirthousands of ounces of gold per month now eclipsed

THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 255by the tens of thousands from the Rand thisaspirationrevived. It is not to be wondered at that a people,living so isolated and having had nothing to do withmatters affecting coinage and similar conditions, shouldhold very crude notions in regard to them.For instancea then leading newspaper seriously advocated the necessityof making the Transvaal coinage of higher caratagethat is, to hold a higher proportion of gold to alloy thanthe British sovereign ;lest the enemies of the countryshould melt down the Transvaal golden coins and somake money scarce a calamity very much dreaded allover South Africa.All that time the discoveries of gold reefs had attracteda strong inrush of immigrants into the Transvaal. Thenewcomers were from various parts of the world, but mostof them were more anglicised or held enlightened views,and good advice came from them. They explained thatrespectable governments which, nowadays, coin bullionfor circulation within their territories, purify and cointhe bullion gratis for such as bring it for that purpose ;that a mint is therefore an expensive affair, more especiallyfor a small and poor country and was ; quite unnecessaryfor the Transvaal, because all the coin it wantedcame ready coined into it. For a time itappeared as ifthese more moderate counsels would prevail. But withthe speculative spirit engendered by gold-mining, speculationentered into every form of life ;and there wassoon no want of persons ready and willing, eveneagerlycompeting, for the questionable honour of cultivatingthe national vanity for it must be owned that nativeSouth Africans are vain.President Burgers was no more, and inhis place therewas and is now a new President, Mr. Kruger a man,

256 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.like the earlierPresidents, from the ranks of the people.He, too, could not resist the flattering prospect of havinghis likeness on the coins of he likes it to be called hisrealm. So it was decided to have a mint. The difficultyof making it pay was overcome by granting a concession,or rather a monopoly with very strong privileges, for anational or government bank. The profitsto be made orexpected to be made, were to be applied to defray thecost of the minting so it would seem at first sight ; butthe National Bank belongs to shareholders under limitedliability, and the Government itself is a large shareholder ;but of this later on. At any rate the Transvaal Mint iscarried on by the National Bank of the South AfricanRepublic, according to Law 14 of 1891, published andbeing in operation from 2nd September, 1891. It wasvery easy to start the National Bank, which did not waitlong to begin operations after its capital was subscribedand paid up but it was not so ; easy to begin the Mint. Itwas not till 1893 that they could begin to coin a considerablequantity of imported silver and a very small quantityof gold. At the present low bullion price of silver itpaysto coin it ;whilst the bar gold from the batteries, but moreespecially from the cyanide works near Johannisburg inthe Transvaal, requires much skilled labour and elaboratechemical processes to refine it. Both are expensive in theTransvaal.Gold obtained from the cyanide works oftencontains zinc, which is used to precipitate it from itscyanide solution, but which injures the quality and decreasesthe purity of the gold.President Kruger, whose term of office expired in May,1893, did not like to wait till the Transvaal Mint was inworking order. He wanted to make sure that his likenessappeared on the national coins, as there were unmistake-

THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 257able signs that this time his re-election was not quite sosure or easy as the previous time ;and if he were not reelectedsomeone-else's likeness would appear on the coins.Some gold was therefore dispatched in 1892 to Europe tobe coined. This time, however, it was not sent to England,although there were no complaints about the precedingtransaction with Messrs. Ralph Heaton and Sons. Therewere then, and still are, different people at the helm ofaffairs in the Transvaal, whose sympathies are not withEngland. The gold, in this instance, was sent toGermany(Berlin) for coinage according to instructions. In carryingout these instructions a mistake was made in Germany,which gave a lot of trouble to President Kruger and hisfriends, and is still a sore remembrance to the former.The coins were to have on one side Mr. Kruger's likeness,and this was rendered well enough. On the reverse theywere to have the coat-of-arins of the Transvaal.Now ifa clear Transvaal postage stamp, with strong colouring,is examined, it will be seen that the central figure in it isa van -like waggon, with a single pole or single shaft infront, called the " Disselboom," as if two horses wereintended to pull it, one on each side of the pole. It washere that the German die-sinker made a mistake. For,instead of the single pole, he had depicted two poles or adouble shaft, as if one horse was intended to be harnessedbetween the two poles or double shaft [seePL XII. 2, 4].The coins issued with this mistake were the Pound andHalf Pound in gold, and Five Shillings in Silver.It is not known what the cost per was for coiningthis money but as soon as it had arrived from ; Germany,and began to circulate amongst the people, there arose,amongst the plain-minded folks, who form the bulk ofthe electors, a wave of indignation for;the coins were

258 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.critically examined, and it was not long before the blunderin the arms was discovered. Preparations were in progressfor the election of a President, and on that accountalone feeling ran quite high enough already amongst theelectors. But the insult to their coat-of-arms, to themselves,as they considered it, was the climax. And thathad been done by their President, who now sought hisre-election from them !think of him !"We will show him what we" was the general cry. " Whycan hehave his own insignificant features so correctly reproducedon our coins, whilst the only thing belonging to us thatcan come on them our coat-of-arms must be insultedby putting that ' street thing ' of Germanyon it ? It isnot our own bullock-waggon, which our fathers prized,and honoured as we still do. We never had a waggonlike that amongst us. Away with it and "!Kruger Suchwere in substance the feelingsof the Boers, when thesecoins made their appearance amongst them. For peopleat a distance, and not acquainted with the peculiar idiosyncraciesof a population a couple of centuries behind us,it is not easy to enter fully into or sympathise withopinions such as these. ButPresident Kruger being oneof the people himself, could fully understand and appreciatethis outburst, especially as his own amour propre wastouched by the circumstance that the engraver of thecoin dies, Otto Schufa, had put his initials 0. S. on thetruncation of the bust, and those letters in Dutch signifyan " ox," a term which the populace in their anger soonapplied to their President. Mr. Krugerknew also thatthe feeling of the people jeopardized his re-election, andhe and his adherents at once took steps to nullify ifpossible, or otherwise to minimise, the effect of the blunder.Luckily for him economy had been studied ;a large

THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 259amount of bullion had not been sent offall the coins had not been issued yet.for coinage, andSo such of them aswere not yet issued were consigned to the melting pot,arid-every effort was made, by those who would stand orfall with his re-election or non-election,to recover asmany coins as possible. In this they succeeded wellenough, and all such went to the melting pot. Thepoorer people had become frightened at the outcry madeagainst the Kruger pounds, and were glad enough toaccept a British equivalent for them. Only the richerpeople, who could afford to lay by a poundor so ascurios, did not part with them ;and it is from this classof people that an occasional one of these remarkable coinsis likely to be obtainable, if at all. What price wouldhave to be paid for one of them it is difficult to say, nor isthis the place for discussing such a matter.But to return to the Transvaal coinage itself : Thegolden coins are of one pound sterling and a half-poundsterling. The former is to weigh 7-98805 grammes, thelatter 3*99402 grammes, the deviation allowed either waybeing 0*01296 gramme or 0*2 grain, and 0*00648 grammeor 0*1 grain respectively. A coin of a pound sterling isto contain 7*3244 grammes pure gold, and a half-pound3*6622 grammes. In the gold coins a deviation inthe fineness or quantity of pure gold(two-thousandths) either way.is allowed of 0*002If the weight of a Transvaalpound is compared with the amount of pure goldthe coin is to contain, as given above, it will be seen thatit contains more gold than j-g-ths, or 22 carats. In otherwords, the Transvaal pound is to contain more goldthan the British sovereign ;which means, again, that ifyou bring your goldto the Transvaal Mint to be coinedfor you into pounds, you must put something like six-

260 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.penceworth of gold more into your pound than youwould have to do at the British Mint. That is one loss ofsay, 6d. In addition, they charge for minting at a ratenot higher than 3 per centum, whilst at the British Mintthey do everything gratis.That is another loss of 6d. or7d., or, together with the 6d. more in gold already mentioned,a total loss of say, one shilling per pound. Itcan easily be understood that people are not likely to rushwith their goldto a mint like this. Nor does the mintdesire itapparently, as any gold less than 22 carat finecan be refused by them ; or, when they have plenty ofwork, they can postpone minting even such gold, andstop minting altogether,either for the Government orprivate persons, when they (the mint) are of opinion thatthe issue of golden coin in the Republic (that is, theTransvaal) is excessive. The Government may (the lawdoes not say that it must) order a test of the coins issuedby the mint, whenever they (the Government) shall thinkfit to do so. So that there is practically no guaranteethat they shall not exceed the deviation in fineness,against or to the loss of anyone bringing gold to mint.If golden coins have, by legitimate circulation, decreasedin value to more than 0'005, they are to be withdrawnfrom circulation ;but it is entirely left to the decision ofthe mint whether a golden coin is legitimately deterioratedor not. If not so depreciated, the client has to waittill the mint can apportion the correct value, which willbe then paid out to him.As to silver coins : A 5s. piece is to weigh 28*2759grammes other silver coins in ; proportion. Their finenessis to be |-J fine silver and T 3^ alloy.The deviationin fineness is an allowance of 0*11781 gramme either wayfor a 5s. piece ; and to other coins in proportion down toii Is. piece. For silver coins of lower value than a Is,,

THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 261it is, for a 6d. piece, 0'02 gramme, for a 3d. piece, 0-003parts.The deviation allowed for all silver coins is 0-003parts.Bronze coins are to be struck of the following weights:A penny of 9*44984 grammes and a halfpenny of5-66990 grammes. 2 They are to be made of copper, tin,and zinc ;but the proportion of these metals is not disclosed.Perhaps they can make some profit out of them,as they do out of silver coining.The law provides that the mint is to be carried on bythe National Bank of the South African Republic. Thisremarkable institution thus appears to have the control ofthe mint. In the Transvaal, however, everything connectedwith matters like this is in such a nebulouscondition, that one had better not be quite sure of anything.The mint itself has, as yet, not been much beforethe public ;but the National Bank, having made somethebad investments, has passed many a bad half-hour inYolksraad and with the local press, in explaining,ortrying to explain, its status, its accounts, and moreespecially its auditing.This bank has a large note circulation,for, owing to its privileges, itsnotes with the likenessof the re-electedPresident Kruger are legal tender,whilst those of other perfectly solvent banks are not.Of this it makes good use. In the neighbouring states andcolonies the public accept Transvaal coins, but the Courtshave ruled them out, so that they are not legal tender there.[En. Since 1892 the mint at Pretoria has been inactive operation, as is shown by the following table, whichwas supplied by H.M. Colonial Office to the BritishMuseum ;but at present the amount coined in each metalyear by year has not been stated :2The halfpenny was not issued.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. M M

THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 263From this table it will be seen thatthe only coins mintedat Berlin, where the mistake in the arms was made, werethe pound, half-pound, and crown ;and also that theblunder was detectedso quickly as to allow another issueof the corrected type being made in the same year atPretoria, which from thatdate became the sole mint ofthe Republic. Crowns are of one year only, viz., 1892.In 1898 the coinage had almost ceased, and the only denominationsissued were the pound and the penny ;and in1899 there was no coinage but a few specimens of thepound of the previous year (only 102 in all)were impressedwith the figures " 99." [See PI. XII. 3.]In thepresent year pounds only have been struck, and by arecent order the Transvaal coinage is being recalled at itsface value. It is therefore probable that within a fewmonths all the late coinage will have passed outof circulation.In consequence this has been considered afavourable opportunity to place on record the aboveaccount.]

MISCELLANEA.AN UNPUBLISHED SILVER COIN OF VERICA. The small coin ofwhich the following is an illustration with a description, makesanother addition to the numerous and interesting series of themoney of the British chief, Verica.Obv. Laureate head to right ;before \ERIC.Eev. A torque, within which the letters OF. (CommiiFilius); around, border of dots.M. -3. Wt. 3-4 grs.Thissmall but interesting coin was found near Challow, inBerks, and is now in the possession of Mr. J. N. Barnes, ofLambourne. The reverse type is quite new, and the obversebears a head differing entirely from any others which occur onthe hitherto published coins of Verica. A glance at the illustrationof the coins of Verica given by Sir John Evans in hisCoins of the Ancient Britons shows us that this chief oftenadopted the types of Roman coins for his money. Thus we havethe galloping horseman, the shield which is found on Republicanas well as on coins of Augustus, the double cornucopiae, atype of Marc Antony, the Capricorn, the symbol of Augustus,and several others.The representation of a torque is, however, a new type forVerica ;but a precisely similar ornament is found on the Republicancoins of L. Manlius Torquatus, who, as quaestor, struckhis money about B.C. 98. In this case, however,it forms anadjunct to the head of Roma, which it encircles. The torque,however, was not an uncommon ornament on British coins, andas it was also one of daily use, we need not go so far back as acentury B.C. to seek a reason for its finding a place as a type ofthe above coin. The head on the obverse appears to be almost

MISCELLANEA. 265an absolute copy of a coin of Tiberius. The likeness to thatemperor is so strong that failing the inscription pne might have,at first sight, claimed the piece for Tiberius and not for Verica.This last point may offer some clue to the date of this chief.As he copied the coins of Marc Antony and Augustus, he musthave lived contemporary or subsequent to the latter. Thisrepresentation of the head of Tiberius brings us down to a laterdate, and is in favour of Akerman's view (Num. Chron., xi.p. 155), that the Verica of the coins is the same individual asthe Bericus of Dion Cassius (Hist. Rom., lib. Ix. 956), who,being a fugitive on account of sedition, instigated Claudius tosend the expedition to Britain under Aulus Plautius in A.D. 43.Sir John Evans (Anc. Brit. Coins, p. 171), however, from theevidence of finds, is of opinion that the coins of Verica aredecidedly more ancient than those of Cunobeline, who, as itappears from Dion Cassius, died before the expedition ofClaudius. The smallness of the coin and its light weight offernothing new, as pieces of this denomination are not at all uncommonin the reign of Verica. On this point Sir John Evansremarks " that, looking at the size of the coins, which showsthat very small denominations of money must have beenrequisite for the purposes of trade, and that there must, in consequence,have been a considerable degree of civilisation in thepart of the country where such a currency existed, I thinkthat most of these pieces must be assigned to the latter portionof the reign of Verica."H. A. GRUEBEK.SOME UNPUBLISHED VARIETIES OF SAXON COINS.In lookingthrough my Saxon coins recently I found that the followingpresent some points of interest, as they differ, more or less,from any given either in Ruding, Hawkins, Hildebrand, theBritish Museum Catalogue, or the Montagu Collection.Stycae.EANRED.1. Obv. flCE3flNA3:+ around a cross,Eev. TVXTflVEH- around five dots in form of a cross.Probably this moneyer's name is a blundered form of EAR-DVLF. The three crosses on this coin are somewhat peculiar,being intermediate between a cross pattee and a cross-crosslet.

266 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.AETHELRED II.2. Obv. 8351 Jia3+ Centre indistinct.Rev. KNEOW*+ around a cross pommee.A variety of the well-known MONNE.Pennies.BURGRED.3. Obv. BVEGEED EEX~. Bust r., diademed.Rev, VVLFEED MONET7V in three lines; upper andlower portions enclosed in unbroken lunettes.B. M. Cat., type A.Possibly a new moneyer. There is, however, in the BritishMuseum Collection a coin (No. 893) of the same type, readingVVLFEED, which is attributed to VVLFEAED, so that it maybe a question whether WLFEED isa distinct moneyer or not.AELFRED.4. Obv. +7TELBEED EEX. Bust r., diademed.jRet;. EDELMVN) MOraTTV in three lines, upper andlower portions enclosed in unbroken lunettes.B. M. Cat, type I.The name EDELMVND appears in the British MuseumCatalogue as one of Aelfred's moneyers, but there is no specimenin that collection, nor was there one in the MontaguCabinet. It seems therefore desirable to place this coin onrecord, especially as neither Ruding nor Hawkins give any suchname in their lists.EADRED.5. Obv. EADEED EE+0 around a small cross pattee.Rev. EEIZTINHE0 in two lines divided by threecrosses, triangle of dots above and below.B. M. Cat., type I.I think this is the first coin of Eadred which has been publishedof the York mint.

MISCELLANEA. 2676. Obv. +EADEED EE+ around a small cross pattee.Rev t VVILSIG H_0 in two lines, divided by a crossbetween two annulets ;rosette of dots above andbelow.B. M. Cat., type I.The name VYILSIC appears on the coins both of Eadwigand Eadgar, but is new so far as Eadred is concerned.EADGAE.7. Obv. +EADCAEEI around a small cross pattee.Eev. VVEEZTATtf in two lines, divided by a crossbetween two annulets ;rosette of dots above andbelow.B. M. Cat., type I., var. d.This coin is the converse of No. 6, WEESTAN being wellknown as one of Eadred's moneyers, but not hitherto recordedfor Eadgar.8. Obv. EADEAE EEX;legend between two circles.in field, M. Small cross pattee,Rev. ELFEEDES MON in two lines, divided by threecrosses ;rosette of dots above and below.B. M. Cat., type I., var. c.The only coins of this moneyer in the British Museum Collectionbelong to type var. d, and lack the M in the field on theobverse, which, though not uncommon in var. c, does not seemto occur in the other classes. This coin therefore forms a linkbetween vars. c and d.AETHELBED II.9. Obv. -+^EDELE^ED EEX MSDLOK Bust to left,diademed ;in front, sceptre.Rev. +^EDELPERD M~0 PELT. Short cross voided,CEV+ in the angles.B. M. Cat., type III., var. a.

268 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.This well-known moneyer is recorded by Hildebrand asstriking this type at Hertford and Sudbury, the British Museumhas one struck in London, and Wallingford can now be addedto the list.CNUT.10. Obv. +ENVT EEX ANGLO. Bust to left, crowned,within nearly circular quatrefoil.Bey. +FEEDP INB LVN. On a quatrefoil, theangles much arched, long cross voided, each limbterminating in three crescents.B. M. Cat., type VIII.Hildebrand (Nos. 23432352) gives FEEDI as a Londonmoneyer of Cnut, and the British Museum Catalogue givesFEEDI, suggesting that perhaps the full reading of the namemay have been FEEDIE. There can, I think, now be nodoubt that it was the same name as that of the moneyerFEEDPINE, who worked at Steyning. I have seen threecoins like the above, and all appear to have come from thesame dies.HARTHACNUT.11. Obv. +HAEDEN/T. Bust to left, diademed. In front,sceptre held in left hand. Inscription dividedby bust.7?^. +PVLFPINE ON HVN. Over short cross voided,a quadrilateral ornament with pellet at eachangle.B. M. Cat., type II.Lot 108 in the Montagu Sale, second part, was a similarcoin reading PVLFPI ON HVNTA, leaving it in doubt whetherthe full name should be PYLFPIE or PVLFPINE.EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.12. Obv. +EDP:ED EEX. Bust to left, diademed; infront, sceptre.fi^. +LEOFEED ON LYNX Short cross voided, thelimbs gradually expanding, and united at the basebytwo circles.B. M. Cat., type V.

MISCELLANEA. 269This coin is peculiar in having a pellet on the end of eachlimb of the cross. I do not think that this variety of the typehas been previously noted, but in the British Museum there isone (No. 934), CODPINE ON LVND, which has four pelletsin the same position and another;(No. 941), LIFINEE ONNLVNDEN, which has a pellet on each of two opposite limbs.At present I have not been able to find any others.13. Qbv. EADPAKD REX ANGLO. King seated on throne,holding orb and sceptre.#^. +PVLFRIE ON HSTE. Short cross voided, amartlet in each angle.B. M. Cat., type IX.In the British Museum are coins of this type struck by thesame moneyer at Chichester, Lincoln, London, Shaftesbury,and Steyning, to which Hildebrand adds Ilchester, and theabove coin Hastings.HAROLD II.14. Obv. +HAROLD REXAN. Bust to left, crowned.In front, sceptre.ON DEO. Across field and betweentwo lines, P7TX.B. M. Cat., typeI.A new moneyer, perhaps the name should have read DVNINE.In the above list, Nos. 8, 9, and 13 are particularly interestingjust now in connection with the suggestion latelymade byMr. W. J. Andrew, that the different types are really successiveissues, intended to supersede those already in circulation and;I cannot but think that a good deal of light would be thrownupon this point if our collections could be arranged first intypes, and then in mints and moneyers, so as to enable us towork out the subject on the same lines adopted by Fir JohnEvans in his paper on " The Short-cross Question," in 1867.W. C. BOYD.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. N N

NOTICESOF RECENT PUBLICATIONS.Money. By A. R. S. Kennedy. (From Hastings' Dictionaryof the Bible, vol. iii., pp. 417 432. With two Plates. 8vo.)Prof. Kennedy's contribution to the new Bible Dictionary isof a merit so unusual in articles provided by English archaeologicaldictionaries, that it would be unfair to let it pass unnoticed,merely because it has not appeared independently.Although the writer is not a numismatist, his acquaintance withHebrew literature enables him to throw a great deal of light onthe vexed questions of Jewish numismatics ;and he' has evidentlymade a most conscientious study of all the numismaticliterature bearing on his subject. No question of importancerelating to the currency of Palestine, both foreign and native,coined and uncoined, from the earliest time to the SecondRevolt, is passed over and Mr.; Kennedy exhibits a cautionwhich cannot be too highly commended in the conclusions towhich he comes. The well-known silver shekels which usedto be given to Simon the Hasmonaean he attributes, in accordancewith recent tendency, to the First Revolt. We hopedthat these shekels had now found a resting-place ;but M.Theodore Reinach has quite recently (Rev.des Etudes Gr., xiii.,p. 213) discarded the view which he formerly held, and beforelong we may see him renovare proelium. Probably the partof Mr. Kennedy's article which will be most consulted by theaverage reader is the passage dealing with the coins circulatingin Palestine in the time of Christ. An interesting question issuggested by the discussion of the kodrantes. There is no evidencethat the Roman quadrans was in circulation under theof NeroEmpire except for the brief period between the reignsand Trajan. The references to this coin would seem to indicatethat the texts received their present form, or that thephrases " two lepta which make a kodrantes " and " the uttermostkodrantes" were inserted in the texts, during that periodMr. Kennedy's statement that the legionary soldier received adenarius a day is misleading. His pay was fixed by Caesar ata sum amounting to 225 denarii a year, or denarius a day.Only in terms of the old denarius of 10 asses could this becalled "a denarius a day."The two plates which illustrate Mr. Kennedy'sarticle areonly moderately good. Jewish coins are such poor works ofart that they require to be illustrated either by line-blocks orby the very best collotype process.

NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS. 271be worth while to add that the article is so well andIt mayclearly arranged that the reader need not be a numismatist ora Hebrew scholar in order to derive benefit from it.G. F. H.The Token Money of the Bank of England, 1797 1816. ByMaberly Phillips, F.S.A. Effingham Wilson, Royal Exchange.To the numismatist and economist it seems almost incrediblethat, in spite of the care which had been exercised since the reignof Elizabeth to preserve the standard of our coinage and toprovide a sufficiency for general use, it should have fallen intosuch a disorganised condition during the second half of the lastcentury and the first few years of the present one. Rudingtells us, that at the accession of George III the coinage wasfound to be in a very imperfect state. Crown pieces hadalmost wholly disappeared ;the half-crowns which remainedwere defaced and impaired, and by no means adequate for thepurposes for which they were intended the; shillings had lostalmost every mark of impression, and the sixpences were in aworse state. The gold coinage, too, was rapidly approachinga similar condition. This gloomy view seems to us perhapssomewhat exaggerated ;but nevertheless there is ho doubt thatthe coinage generally was getting into a bad state, and in spiteof this the Government took so few measures to ameliorate it,that from 1760 to 1817 there was only one issue of what maybe called an official silver coinage. This occurred in 1787,when shillings and sixpences to the amount only of aboutseventy or eighty thousand pounds were struck. The coppermoney fared but little better, and so gave rise to an enormousissue of tradesmen's tokens throughout the country; but someattention was paid to the gold, which, however, suffered muchfrom clipping and sweating. Various enactments were madeforbidding the importation of debased coins and others of lightweight ;but the demand for a currency of some kind or otherwas so great that no heed was paid to them. It was this conditionof things that gave rise to the issue of the token moneyof the Bank of England, which is the main subject of Mr.Phillips' work. Previous to the issue of these tokens theGovernment made two fruitless attempts to remedy the dearthof small change. The first was by allowing the Bank of Englandto issue notes for 2 and JB1, and the country bankersothers of smaller amounts, 10s., 5s., and Is. ; but these provisionsdid not remove the difficulty, as those who had changewould not part with it. The next move was the supply ofSpanish dollars, half, quarter, and eighth dollars, counter-

272 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.stamped with a small head of George III, the mark then usedby silversmiths. Much of this Spanish silver came from treasure-shipscaptured by the English. The dollar at first wasmade current for 4s. 6d., but as its bullion value was 4s. 8d.,a number soon found their way into the melting-pot but this;was remedied by raising its current value to 4s. 9d. Thenthe forger stepped in and made his counterfeits in base metal,and in spite of the change of the counter-stamp, continued hisnefarious practice. It seems strange that no attempt wasmade to melt down the Spanish coins and issue a proper officialcoinage; it could not have been for want of good machineryat the Mint, nor of capable artists to execute the dies. Insteadof this, the circulation of the Spanish coin was prohibited, andpermission was given to the Bank of England in 1804 to issuedollars of the current value of 5s., and subsequently other piecesof the value of 3s. and Is. 6d., and these for several yearsformed the bulk of silver money in this country. The onlyother silver in circulation consisted of very " thin and worncoins which had escaped the melting-pot, and also foreigncoins, which were often so thin and effaced that it was impossibleto identify them." In order to give a certain value tosuch pieces they were often stamped with the initials of privatefirms, by which means a local circulation was secured. Mr.Phillips tells us that it was under such conditions that onMay 21st, 1816, a committee appointed by the Government toinquire into the state of the coin of the kingdom advocated anew coinage of silver, and this advice, even at a great sacrifice,was adopted, and the following year witnessed not only anew issue of silver on the old standard and of former denomination,but also a reform of the gold money, the twentyshillingpiece bein

Num. Chrcm.Ser.rn Vol.XX.Pl VII.PARTHIANCOINS.

Nunv. Ckro7v.$er. M. Vob.XX.Pl.V/ff.7 /Rmr&A'Isfj9 /RII /R II /RPARTHIANCOINS

Num>. ChronStr. /If. VoL.XX.Pl, IX'.PARTHIANCOINS.

Chron.Ser.lff. Vol.YX.Pl.XfTHE GREAT SEAL OF EDWARD III. 1340-1372.(Actu,gd,size

Num,. CTHE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND.

XV.GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUMIN 1900.(See Plates XIIL, XIV.)IT will be seen from the table given below that the totalnumber of Greek coins acquired by the British Museumduring the year 1900 is 915. Most of these have beenobtained by purchase out of the ordinary DepartmentalGrant, but some are presentations due to the kindness ofSir John Evans, Mr. Barclay V. Head, Mr. A. J. Lawson,Miss K. Radford, Mr. W. T. Ready, and the Society for thePromotion of Hellenic Studies. As in my thirteen formerpapers, 11 give an account of some of the more noteworthyspecimens. Among the acquisitions of the year arenumerous Lydian coins, but I have not referred to themhere, because they will be included in the Museum Cata-1Important Greek acquisitions of the Department of Coinsand Medals from the year 1887 onwards will be found describedby me in the Numismatic Chronicle for 1888, p. 1 f. ;1889, p. 249 f. ; 1890, p. 311 f. ; 1891, p. 116 f. ; 1892,p. 1 f. ; 1893, p. 1 f. ; 1894, p. 1 f. ; 1895, p. 89 f. ; 1896,p. 85 f. 1897, : p. 93 f. ; 1898, p. 97 f. ; 1899, p. 85 f. ; 1900,p. 1 f. In preparing this paper I have had the advantage ofconsulting the section on Greek coins written by Mr. BarclayHead for the Parliamentary Report of the British Museum,and I am also indebted for several valuable suggestions toMr. Head and Mr. G. F. Bill.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. O O

274 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.logue of Lydia, which Mr. Head is now seeing throughthe press. Numerous Phrygian, Parthian, and Phoeniciancoins the last-named acquired at the Reichardt salehave also been omitted, as they will find their place involumes of the Greek Catalogue that will soon be takenin hand.GREEK COINS ACQUIRED 1887 1900.Year.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 275Coins of a late Collector," lot 154; previouslyin Carfrae Sale, Sotheby's, May, 1894, lot 68.)A very rare tetradrachm by Evaenetos, important onaccount of its bearing the same types as his (unsigned)dekadrachms, on several of which a pellet is placed beneaththe" chin, as here (Brit.Mm. Cat., Sicily, Syracuse/'Nos. 179-184). The existence of this tetradrachm maypossibly suggest some modification of Mr. A. J. Evans'sview, 2 that the mintage of tetradrachms at Syracuseceased about the time (circ. B.C. 406) when Evaenetos'sdekadrachms were first issued.CARTHAGINIAN OFSICILY.2. Obv. Head of Persephone1. wreathed with corn andwearing earring and necklace ; around, fourdolphins in;field 1., pellet ? ;border of dots.Rev. Horse walkingr. ; in background, palm-tree ; circularincuse.M. Size 1-05. Wt. 264-5 grs. [PI. XIII. 2.](Presented by Miss Kate Radford, in accordance withthe wish of the late Dr. Radford.)CAPSA (MACEDONIA).3. Obv. Ass (ithyphallic) standingr. ; above, drinkingvessel(obscure) ;3border of dots.Rev.|t A occupying two of the four compartments of anincuse square of mill-sail pattern.Si. Size -55. Wt. 39 grs. [PI. XIII. 3.]This town was not represented in the British Museumwhen the catalogue Macedonia was published.A tetrobol23kylix.Syracusan Medallions (1892), pp. 150, 151.Called by Von Sallet, a kantharos ; by Imhoof-Blumer, a

276 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.(wt. 43*8 grs.) similar to that here described was acquiredby the British Museum in 1881, but its condition is notso good. The resemblance of these coins in type, style,and weight, to those of Mende in Pallene is obvious, andVon Sallet (Z.f. N. xii., 1885, p. 358), describing thespecimen in the French collection, supposedit to havebeen struck at Mende, while bearing the name of Kanastraion.But Kanastraion is known only as the name of apromontory of Pallene, and Imhoof-Blumer's attribution 4 toKampsa or Kapsa, a town in the Chalcidice, north of Mende,is decidedly preferable, though hardly to be regarded asbeyond all doubt. The town is known only from a mentionin Herodotus (vii. 123), who speaks of Kampsa as existing atthe time of the expedition of Xerxes, and from a notice inStephanus Byz., who has :Ka^a TroAfsy^wpasKara naAA?/i^v, o/mopovaa TW Qep/j.aiuj Ko6 TroAmys' Kcn^aTos.The ass must be here, as at Mende, a Dionysiac type,and the drinking vessel above itmay be regarded atthisearly period (circ. B.C. 480) as part of the main typerather than as a magistrate's symbol. If the real nameof the town is Ka^a itmay possiblybe connected withthe word KCLTTTW (fut. KCL^IO), which means to greedilygulp down liquids or eatables, and with KCI^IS," the act ofgulping down."POTIDAEA (MACEDONIA).4. Obv. fl O Poseidon Hippios on horse r., holding inr. trident, in 1. reins.Rev. Quadripartite incuse square, containingtwo floral(?) devices, \ and uncertain object.M. Size -6. Wt. 37-3 grs. [PL XIII. 4.]4Monn. gr., pp. 69, 70 ; adopted by Head, H. N., p. 187.

GREEK. COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 277A very rare variety of the tetrobols of Potidaea, whichusually have a female head on the reverse (Brit. Mm. Cat.Macedonia, p. 100). It is, perhaps, similar to one publishedby Borrell from his own collection (Num. Chron.,iii., p. 139, No. 2 ;wt. 41 J grs.).The Museum coin issomewhat worn, and carelessly struck, but it is certainlythe earliest of the tetrobols, and was issued, perhaps, circ.B.C. 500.ALEXANDER III (MACEDONIA).B.C. 336323.5. Obv. Head of beardless Herakles r. in lion's skin.Eev. AA EHAN APoY Eagle standingr. on club ;head turned 1.M. Size -6. Wt. 62-5 grs. [PI. XIII. 5.]This scarce drachm of Alexander's firstcoinage issimilar to one in the French collection : see Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. gr., p. 118, No. 23.ALEXANDER III(MACEDONIA).6. Obv. Head of beardless Herakles r. in lion's skin ; border.Eev. AAEZANAPoY Zeus wearing himation seated1. on throne with back ;in r. hand eagle1. ;handA Ion sceptre ;feet on foot-stool ;beneath throne,in field; 1.,statue of naked Herakles standingtowards r. his 1. arm rests on his ; club,which is placed on rock the lion's skin ; hangsfrom club ;his r. hand is placed behind hisback : border of dots.M. Size 1-1. Wt. 262-4 grs. [PI. XIII. 6.](Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, " GreekCoins of a late Collector," lot 208.)

278 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.This tetradrachm is almost identical with the specimenfirst published by the late Sir Edward Bunbury in Num.Chron., 1883, p. 7 f.,5but is struck from differentdies.It is of Miiller's Class iv. (B.C. 300-280), and is attributedby Bunbury to Sicyon (cp. Miiller, No. 875).The Herakles symbol, as Bunbury has already noted,closely resembles the well-known Farnese Hercules in theNaples Museum. This statue is a product of the Neo-Attic school, and is signed by Glykon the Athenian, asculptor who probably flourished towards thefirst centuryend of theB.C. The motive of the statue has beenusually traced to a Resting Herakles by Lysippus, butfor the general treatment, and especiallyfor the exaggerationof the muscular forms, Glycon, and not Lysippus,must be held responsible.6ABDEBA (THRACE).7. Obv./\ BA HPI TEn/V Griffin with roundedwing seated 1. ; right fore-paw raised ;border ofdots.Rev. Quadripartite square, around which, EPI/VYM-4>OAJQPO ;the whole in shallow incusesquare.M. Size 1-05. Wt. 227'2 grs. [PI. XIII. 7.]Yon Sallet (Z.f. N., viii., 1881, p. 105), who publisheda somewhat less perfect specimen of this tetradrachm in thepossession of M. Lambros, first suggested the identificationof the magistrate with Nymphodoros, a well-known citizen5Cp. Bunbury, Sale CataL, Part L, lot 766.6On the statue, see A. S. Murray, ii., pp. 350-352 ;Collignon,ii., p. 425 f. ;634 ;Ernest Gardner, pp. 501-503 ;Baumeister,Denkmaler, " s.v. Glykon.?

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 279of Abdera, who became the proxenos of the Athenians atAbdera, and in B.C. 430 brought about for them analliance with Sitalkes the King of Thrace, who had marriedhis sister. 7 This identification isextremely probable,though Von Ballet's supposition that Nymphodoros was" regent" of Abdera seems to go rather beyond theevidence.The father of Nymphodoros was named Pythes, and itmay be noted that a magistrate Pythes EPI PYOEfl,is named on a coin of Abdera in the Berlin Museum(Von Sallet, Beschreibung, i., p. 109, No. 89). As thecoin is decidedly later than the tetradrachm of Nymphodoros,the Pythesmentioned cannot be the father ofNymphodoros, though he may possibly be his son bearingthe grandfather's name. There seems, however, somedoubt as to the reading PYQE.Q, for in the index to theas PYGEflBeschreibung , p. 346, the name is . .giveni.e. two letters are supposed to be missing from the endof the name.A tetradrachm of Abdera, published by Greenwell fromhis collection (Num. Chron., 1897, p. 273, No. I;8pi.xiii. 1), with the inscription EPIPY0I /V/VEfl, bearsmuch resemblance to the Nymphodoros tetradrachm.each case the town-name (which rarely appearsearlier coins of Abdera) is inscribed on the obverse.Inon theABDERA (THRACE).8. Obv. Griffin with rounded wing (feathers not indicated)seated 1.; right fore-paw raised.Rev.Lion's scalp within incuse square.M. Size -5. Wt. 23-8 grs. [PI. XIII. 8.]7Hdtus., vii., 137; Thuc., ii., 29.*In this description,./or seated r. read seated 1.

280 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.I may take this opportunity of remarkingthat theusual (though not quite invariable) direction of the griffinon the coins of Abdera is to the left,while on the coins ofTeos the monster is turned to the right.This distinctionwas probably not due to an accident, but to a desire todistinguish two similar coinages. A like distinction wasmade in the case of the obverse types of the electrumHectae of Lesbos and Phocaea. 9APOLLONIA PONTICA (THRACE).9. Obv. Apollo, wearing himatkm over lower limbs, seated1. on omphalos ;in r. hand bow resting on1.ground hand;placed on omphalos ;countermark,star of eight rays.Rev.OAAH^ Anchor inverted; in field 1., A; infield r., crayfish; circular incuse.IS* (brass, covered with black patina).Size -7. [PI. XIII. 9.]10. Obv. AVCTINA C6BACTH Bust of Faustinajun. r.Flaming altar con-6NTTONT sisting of twoRev. ATTOAAfl N I HTEHNstages.M. Size -8.[PI. XIII. 10.]These coins were purchased from a dealer last year,and are evidently the identical pieces published, fromimpressions, by Svoronos in Journ. internat. ii., 1899, p.85 (cp. Tacchella, Rev. Num., 1898, p. 212, No. 11).Svoronos supplies the information that they were foundat Sozoupolis, the ancient Apollonia Pontica. 109Brit. MHK. Cat., JVoa.s, &c., p. Ixvii.10On the judicious transference of the autonomous coins ofApollonia ad Rhyndacum in Mysia to Apollonia Pontica, see

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 281The Apollo on the bronze coins of the type of No. 9has been described by all previous writers as naked on; this specimen, at any rate, the himation is clearly seen.The -presence of drapery, to some extent, differentiatesthis type from the " Apollo on the omphalos " familiar onthe coins of the Seleucid Kings. A well-known colossalstatue of Apollo by Kalamis existed at Apollonia. Dr.Pick (Jahrbuch Arch. Inst., xiii., 1898, p. 168) wouldrecognise a reproduction of this statue, not on coins ofthe seated type, but on those with a standing Apollo.The star countermark on the obverse of No. 9 may perhapshave some connection with the starthat appears sooften as a countermark on the coins of Panticapaeum ;see, e.g., Burachkov, Coins of Greek Colonies, SouthernRussia, PL XIX. 57 ;XX. 75-78 ;XXI. 118 ;XXIII. 190.The form of the altar on No. 10 is unusual on coins.Perhaps a colossal altar is intended, like that on the coinsof Amasia in Pontus, which is sometimes represented asconsisting of two stages Brit. Mm. : Cat., Pontus, p. 10,No. 31 ; p. 11, No. 32 ;PI. II. 2 ; p. xvii. In the caseof Amasia, however, the upper stage,on which a sacrificialvictim is seen, is explained by Puchstein, 11 as the Trvpa,i.e., a structure imitating masonry, but composed of beamsof wood which perished together with the victim whenthe fiery sacrifice took place. On our coin, each stageseems to be of masonry and is ornamented with a cornice.A black-figured vase in the British Museum of thePeloponnesian (" Corintho-Attic") class,representing theTacchella in Rev. Num., 1898, p. 210; ib., p. 219 (Pick);Journ. internal, de Num., 1898, p. 14 (Imhoof-Blumer) ; -1899,p. 85 (Svoronos).11Jahrbuch des arch. Inst., xi., 1896 (Berlin, 1897), p. 57;on the funeral pyre, Daremberg and Saglio, Diet., ii., p. 1394.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. P P

282 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.sacrifice of Polyxena, shows in the centre of the scene " amound-shaped object with a flat top," from which fireissues (Walters in Journ. Nell. Stud., xviii. (1898), p. 284,PL XV) It has been .questioned whether this is a tombor an altar, but it would certainly seem to be an altarwith itsburning pyre.LARISSA(THESSALY).11. Obv. Circular shield adorned with ox's hoof within circleof dots ;above shield, letters [OP ?] ;the wholewithin border of dots.Rev. A A Bust of bearded Asklepios r., laureate ;I P in front, serpent with head 1. ; part ofthe himation is seen on the naked bust.M. Size -5. Wt. 17-6 grs. [PI. XIII. 11.]A specimen of this coin was wrongly attributed byLongperier (Rev. Num., 1843, p. 422, PL XYI. 5) toPharcadon. 12 Another is in the Imhoof-Blumer collection.A similar obverse (without letters ?) occurs in Brit. Mus.Cat., Thessaly, " Larissa," No. 46. 13 A bust of Asklepiosappears on a bronze coin of Larissa (Num. Chron., 1892,p. 8, No. 17), and he is seen feeding the serpent on asilver coin (Brit. Mus. Cat., Thess.," Larissa,'' No. 45),struck about the same period (circ. B.C. 400) as our coin.THE OETAEI(THESSALY).12. Obv. Lion's head 1.Rev. OITAI UN Beardless Herakles standing facing; wears wreath ;in r.hand, club resting on12The mistake was corrected by Imhoof, Mon. Gr., p. 277,note 69.13In the Catalogue the device on the shield was called ahorse's hoof, but the preservation of the coin is very bad.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 283stones ;lion's skin thrown over 1. arm ;1. handextended. 14M. Size -9. Wt. 119 grs. [PI. XIII. 12.]This coin is, I believe, unpublished, though I understandthat another specimen belonged to the late Baron L. deHirsch. The denomination ishigher than any hithertoknown in the Oetaean coinage.Herakles appears on the earliest coins of the Oetaei,circ. B.C. 400, when he is represented in a somewhatunusual way completely naked, holding his club in bothhands transversely, and wreathed (Brit. Mus. Cat., Thess.,PI. VII. 9). The figure is finely rendered, in the styleof Polykleitos. The same figure, clumsily reproduced,isstill found on the coins of the latest period, circ. B.C.196-146 (ib.PL VII. 13). Our coin may be assignedapproximately to B.C. 190 or a little earlier, about which15period we hear of the KOIVOV TWV Olraiecav. The Heraklesis now of a more commonplace type, but his wreathhas survived from the earlier representation.The leavesof the wreath both here and on the earliest coins arejagged ; it is hard to determine whether vine, oak, orwild celery (aeXivov, apium graveolens] is intended. Avine-wreath is worn by Herakles as Bibax and in Dionysiacscenes of revelry. The connection of the o\ivov withhim is well known. The pyre of Herakles on MountOeta was, according to one account, formed of oak andpine.It is possible that the Herakles represented on the coins14The hand is imperfectly rendered; it may be meant tohold an apple or a phiale.15Lebas-Waddington, Inscr., in., 2, No. 1730 a ; cp. Bull,eorr. hell., 1881, p. 141 f. ; x., p. 362.

284 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.isthe local Herakles who was worshipped by the Oetaeiunder the name of Ko^yom'wj/," locust-scarer," because hehad freed them from locusts :KOL >yapCLTTO TWV Ttou? ol OlroLoi KopvoTTds \eyovvi, Kopvo7rlwvaTrapcKeli/ois ' H/ra/fXea aTraXXa-y?}? cLKpL^wv yjapiv (Strabo,9xiii., p. 613). But we have no information as to how hewas represented in art.ALYZIA(ACARNANIA).B.C. 350-300.13. Obv. Pegasos with pointed wing flying r.Rev. A A Y Head of Athena r.wearing,over leathercap, Corinthian helmet without crest ; behind,club.JR. Size -95. Wt. 129-2 grs. [PL XIII. 14.]Similar to Imhoof, Num. Zeit., x., p. 48, No. 5. Thestaters described in the Brit. Hus. Cat., Corinth, p. 114,have the name of the town written at full length. 16THYRRHEIUM (ACARNANIA).14. Obv. OYPP[E] Head of Athena r., wearing crestedhelmet.Rev.ZENO within wreath of laurel.MENHZM. Size -5. Wt. 20-5 grs. [PI. XIII. 13.]A similar coin but of a higher denomination (size 17mm. ;wt., 2'92 grm.), is in the French collection (Imhoof,Num. Zeit., x., p. 176, No. 28). The magistrate'snameXenomenes occurs during the same period (i.e., after circ.16For other coins of Alyzia, see Imhoof, op. cit., p. 46 f. ;Lobbecke in Z. f. N., xv., p. 40.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 285B.C. 167) on the silver coins of Thyrrheium with the17head of Achelous (Imhoof, op. cit., p. 176, Nos. 26, 27).It has been suggested that this magistrate was theancestor of the Xenomenes who entertained Cicero at18Thyrrheium in B.C. 51 and 50.AEGINA.1 5. Obv. Tortoise with structure of the shall shown dividedinto thirteen plates.Rev. Incuse square of mill-sail pattern, i.e., divided intoeight triangular compartments alternately raisedand depressed.M. Size -8. Wt. 179'9 grs. [PI. XIII. 16.]Thisstater is a very rare variety of the ordinary coinsof Aegina. The form of the incuse square proves thatit belongs to the first period of the 19coinage, B.C. 700-550.During this period, and, indeed, until circ. B.C. 480, theshell of the tortoise is marked only by a row of dots.Greenwell (Num. Chron., 1890, p. 15, PI. II. 10), inpublishing a similar specimen, 20 remarked that there" appears to be an attempt to represent the carapace ina naturalistic manner/' as on the later coins of Aegina,B.C. 480-431. This method of representation did not,however, long prevail,for on the coins of the secondperiod of Aeginetan coinage, circ. B.C. 550-480 (those17Also Montagu Sale (Part I.), 1896, lot 342, now in BritishMuseum.18Head, Hist. Num., p. 282; cp. Imhoof, op. cit., p. 177.19126 ff.Cp. Head, B. M. Cat., Attica, &c., p.J0The reverse is of a form that isperhaps rather earlier thanthat of our coin. Another specimenis in the Imhoof-BlumerCollection. (See Imhoof and Keller, Tier und Pflanzenbilder,PL VI. 25.)

286 HUM1SMATIC CHRONICLE.with the incuse divided into five compartments by broadbands), the tortoise has the old forma single row of dots.a smooth shell withCOBINTH.16. Obv. Head of Pegasos 1. [ ? beneath,

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 287isolated position, and it is perhaps better to assign it,provisionally, to circ. B.C. 280. So far as the style of theobverse is concerned, however, there would be no difficultyin assigningit to the fourth century. The treatment ofthe head of Zeus recalls, e.g., the Zeus on the coins ofAlexander of Epirus, B.C. 342-326. 22DELOS.18. Obv. Head of Apollo 1., laur. ;hair long.Rev. A H Palm-tree, on which swan 1.M. Size -6. Wt. 47 grs. [PI XIV. 2.]The reverse typeis well known from the bronze coins 28of Delos (Brit. Mm." Cat., Crete, &c., Delos," No. 3 ; cp." Delos," No. 1 ; p. xlvi), circ. B.C. 200-87. Silver coinsof the island, and especially the drachm denomination, arerare. This specimen is perhaps of the type of theA/7\/a mentioned in the list of dedications in theIpayjjLtY]temple of the Delian Apollo (list of Demares, B.C. 200-180). 24 In the second and first century (to circ. B.C. 80),Delos was a trading centre of some importance.25CALCHEDON (BITHYNIA).19. Obv. KAAX Bull standing1. on ear of corn ;infront, Cfr; 2682Gardner, Cat., Thessaly, &c., PI. XX. 1, 8, 4.23XaX/cot eTrt^wptot, ^aA/cos ATJA.IOS. Bull. corr. hell., vi.,p. 133.24 Homolle, Bull. corr. hell., vi., p. 49, line 191 ;P. Gardner,Journ. Hell. Stud., 1883, p. 245.25Jebb in J. H. S., i., 32 f.6This monogram occurs on a drachm, Brit. Mus. Cat.,Pontus, p. 125, No. 16, and on a well-preserved specimen purchasedby the Museum at the Montagu Sale in 1896.

288 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Rev. Incuse square of four compartments containingdots ;the whole in circular incuse.M. Size 1. Wt. 230-8 grs. [PL XIV. 3.]The reverse is somewhat unusual, but the genuinenessof the coin isbeyond question. Tetradrachms of thisperiod (circ. B.C. 350-280), formerly scarce, have duringthe last few years become fairly common, owing apparentlyto finds in northern Asia Minor.ATTAEA (MYSIA).20. Obv. AVKAIAAV PHKOMOA Bust of Commodusr., laur. ;beardless ; wears paludamentum andcuirass.^.-ETTICTPAPOV VATTAITnNFemalefigure (Orispina ? in the character of Homonoia)wearing chiton, peplos and kalathos, standing 1. ;in 1., cornucopiae r. ; holding phiale over lightedaltar.M. Size 1-25. [PL XIV, 5 rev.]The head of the sacrificing figure seems to me to resemblethe wife of Commodus, 27 who on her Roman bronzecoins is represented as a seated Concordia holding pateraand cornucopiae.The local strategos,*Pov(j)os, appears also on the coins of28Sept. Severus and Caracalla.LAMPSACUS (MYSIA).21. Obv. Head of bearded Priapus r., wreathed with ivy;border of dots." The head of Crispina appears as the obverse of one of thecoins of Attaea in Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. gr., p. 394, No. 64.28Waser in Revue Suisse, vii. p. 323 ; Babelon, Invent. Wad~dington, No. 5748.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 289KHNftN 1.r. in ; exergue, TTPOMHO TOYAAMTttlNOZIUN OZApollo Citharoedus standing r. ;in r., plectrum ; in 1.,lyre; in field 1.,|&P; in field female r., figure(Hekate ?) wearing chiton and kalathos, standing,holding torch in each hand.M. Size 1-2. Wt. 248*3 grs. [PL XIV. 4.](Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, '' GreekCoins of a late Collector," lot 327.)A similar tetradrachm is in the Waddington Collection(Babelon, Invent., No. 885).29EPHESUS (IONIA).22. Cistophorus of the usual types ;on rev. above bow-case,circular shield ;in field 1.torch.i^;in field r., longM. Size 1-1. Wt. 192-5.The date of this specimen is B.C. 123, for I A = year 11in the series of dated cistophori struck at,EphesusB.C. 133to B.C. 67. This coin partlyfills the gap between years4

290 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE., Rev. Forepart of galloping horse, r. ;beneathSPIOPIM. Size -6. Wt. 44-7 grs. [PI.XIV. 6.]This is similar to the rare tetrobol in the WaddingtonCollection (Babelon, Invent. No. 1364, PL III. 4).Tworeverse types are known of the coins of this satrap : I.Forepart of winged horse. Tetrobols. Paris (Babelon,Invent. Waddington, No. 1366, PL III. Berlin 6) ; (VonRauch Coll. ; cp. Sallet, N. Z. iii.p. 424) British;31Museum (Cat. Ionia, p. 327, No. 18). II. Forepart ofgalloping horse. Tetrobols. Paris (Invent. Waddington,No. 1364, PL III. 4); British Museum (No. 23 supra).Bronze. Paris (two specimens, one of which = Invent.Waddington, No. 1365, PL III. 5) ;Berlin (N. Z. iii.424); British Museum (Cat. Ionia, p. 327, No. 19).32The coins of these two types have been assigned toLampsacusand Cyme, respectively, but, as M. Babelon hasremarked, there is no complete proof that they were struckthere.p.PERGA (PAMPHYLIA).24. Obv. AVKMAV ANTHNINO CC6B Head ofCaracalla r., bearded ;laur.31The Brit. Mus. coin was first published in Num. Chron.,1888, pp. 17, 18. My statement that it was " probably fromthe same die " as the Von Rauch (Berlin) specimen, requirescorrection. The obverse of the coin shows the head of thesatrap on the obverse with a full beard on the Paris and Berlin;specimens the beard is partially concealed by the cap, which is,in these two instances, tied under the chin.32The description of the reverse in Brit. Mus. Cat., Ionia,should probably be corrected by comparison with Invent. Waddivgton,No. 1365.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 291Rev.-T\e? r AII1N; in ex., 06MIC Femalefigure in chiton and peplos seated 1. in 1.; palmbranch;in extended r.wreath, within whichTO.M. Size 1.[PI, XIV. 7 rev.]The seated figure cannot be identified by any attributesas either the Artemis or the Tyche of Perga. Probablyit is the goddess presiding over the games (0e'/xf?).33Thesame wreath, with peculiar projections, is seen on thecoins of Aspendus (Hill, Cat. Lycia, &c., PL XXII., 8)also in connection with the fle/iiy. It was probablyTO isone of the prizes awarded at games of this class.apparently a date = 370 on the coins of Aspendus we:find 06MIAOC TZ0 (369); TOB (372) ;TOE (375):see Hill, op. cit. p. Ixxiv.SIDE(PAMPHYLIA).25. 067. KOPNHAIACAAflNIN AC Bust ofSalonina r. ;in front, |.Rev. CIAHTHN A NEHKO PHN Two pursesand prize-urn containing two palm-branches onagonistic table, between the legs of which,PA2B. Size 1*2. [PI. XIV. 12 rev.]AHP6A would appear to indicate that the prizes forthe games were the gift of Salonina or her husband.More or less parallel inscriptions may be found on coinsof Tarsus : AHP6ACITOV AITO TV TAPCH(Egyptian corn presented to Tarsus by the Emperor33On the Gem? in Cilicia, &c., cp. Num. Chrnn., 1898,p. 119, No. 36.

292 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Caracalla) AHPGA AAGZANAPOV ; (i.e.SeverusAlexander). 34 The inscriptions AHP6A, TTYPAMOCat Aegeae and Mopsus in Cilicia apparentlyrecord thegift of a bridge over the river Pyramos. 35 The inscriptionT I MAI (ri^al), on coins of the Kings of Bosporus,accompanying various objects sent as presents by theRoman Emperors,36may also be compared.OLBASA (PISIDIA).(COLONIA JULIA AUGUSTA OLBASENA.)26. Obv. \Vn AAV5 Bust of Julia Domna r.Eev.C . IVLIAV6 FOLBASE Tyche draped andwearing kalathos, standing 1. ; r. hand on rudder; 1. holds cornucopiae.37M. Size 1.[PI.XIV. 13 rev.]COLYBRASSUS(ClLICIA).27. Obv. AVT KAIMANTT OPAIANOC6 Bustof Gordian III r., laur., wearing paludamentumand cuirass.Rev. KOAVBPA C[C]nN Tyche, draped andwearing kalathos, standing 1. ;r. hand on rudder;1. holds cornucopiae.M. Size -9.34On the Tarsian inscriptions of this class, see Rostowzewin Num. Chron., 1900, p. 96, and reff. to Hill and Babelon.36Cp. Hill, Cat., Lycaonia, &c., p. cxii., and p. cxv. ; cp.A.QP6AI mentioned ib. t p. cxii/; Waddington, Bull. corr.hell., vii., p. 289.se"Wrothj Cat., Pontus, p. xxxviii.37For another coin of J. Domna, see Babelon, Invert. Waddington,No. 3759.

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 293LAERTES (CILICIA).28. Obv. AVTKAITTOAirAAAIH N O CCG Bustof Gallienus r., laur., wearing palud amentumand cuirass ;in front,I A.Rev. AA6PT6I TflN Zeus, wearing himationover lower limbs, seated 1. on throne (withoutback) ; 1. hand on long sceptre ;r. hand outstretchedto 38eagle at his feet.M. Size 1-15.TITIOPOLIS(CILICIA).29. 06v. AAPIANOC KAICAP Head of Hadrianr., laur.Rev. TIT I OTTOA IT N Zeus, wearing himationover lower limbs, seated 1. on throne (withoutback) ; r. hand on long sceptre ;in 1. hand,cornucopiae ;at feet, eagle.M. Size 1-1.[PI. XIV. 10 rev.](Purchased at the Reichardt Sale, Sotheby's, March,1899, lot 342.)This is a variety of the coin in the French collectionpublished by Waddington in Rev. Num. 1883, p. 37,No. I. 39 SYRIA. SELEUCUS I. NICATOR.B.C. 306-281.30. Obv. Head of beardless Herakles r. in lion's skin ;border.38Cp. a similar type of Trebonianus Gallus, Mion., sup.,vii., p. 225, No. 283. On Laertes, Hill, B. M. Cat., Lycaonia,p. xxxiv.39For other coins of Titiopolis, see Hill, B. M. Cat.,Lycaonia, p. 231 ; p. Ix. ; Babelon, Invent. Waddington, Nos.4740, 4741.

294 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Rev. ZEAEYKoY Zeus, wearing himation overlower limbs, seated 1. on throne (without back) ;in r., eagle ; 1. on long sceptre ; beneath, ($) (?) ;[in front, anchor and monogram ?] ;border.M. Size -35. Wt. 10-1 grs. [PI. XIV. 9.](Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, " GreekCoins of a late Collector," lot 417. The hemidrachmin the same lot was also acquired by theBritish Museum.)An apparently unpublished denominationof the first coinage ofthe obolSeleucus I with the types of Alexanderthe Great. A drachm and hemi-drachm of thesetypes are described in Babelon, Hois de Syrie, p. 2, Nos.4 and 5.SYRIA. ANTIOCHUS VI. DIONYSOS.B.C. 145-142.31 1 QbVi Head of young Antiochus VI. r. wearing radiatediadem ;fillet border.j{ev> BAZIAEHS The Dioscuri 1. on horseback,ANTIoXoY wearing chlamydes and pileiETTIANoYZ surmounted with stars ;lancesAloNYZoY couched; in field 1. thyrsosand HHP = year 168 = B.C.145-4 ;in field r., TRY and]fl[ ;whole in wreath of laurel,and corn.ivy, lilies,M. Size 1-8. Wt. 248'8 grs. [PL XIV H.]Compare Brit. Mus. Cat., Syria, p. 63, No. 1 ; Babelon,Hois de Syrie, p. 128, No. 988.CAESABEA PANIAS (TRACHONITIS).NOCCGB Head of Caracallar., bearded ;laur.32. Obv. MAV... -UN I

GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 295Rev. KAICAPIATTANIAC Lagobolon and syrinx ;beneath, CIA = year 214 = A.D. 211 (Era,B.C. 3).M. Size -9.[PI. XIV. 14 rev.](Purchased at the Raichardt Sale, Sotheby's, March,1899, lot 303.)An unpublished coin. The reverse refers to the godPan, who had a famous grotto at Caesarea Panias. 40GERASA (DECAPOLIS).33. Obv. AYKTPA I A 41 AAPIANOCC Head ofHadrian r. laur.^ y ._AP[T6]MITYXH rCPACUJN Bust ofArtemis r. ;at shoulder, quiver ;before her,bow.M. Size -75. [PL XIV. 8 rev.](Purchased at the Reichardt Sale, Sotheby's, March,1899, lot 313, with two other coins of Hadrianand one coin of Commodus.)The coins of this town (now Jerash) were not representedin the British Museum when the Cat., Galatia, &c.(cp. p. Ixxxviii.) was published. 4240The types relating to Pan are discussed in my Cat.,Cralatia, &c., p. Ixxxi. f.1These letters (I A) are placed beneath the head.**On the coins inscribed AN. TU). TIP. XP &c., referredto Cat., Galatia, p. Ixxxix. (after Imhoof), see Perdrizet in theRevue Biblique for " July, 1900, Lettre au R. P. Sejourne,"9.'Ai/no^eict ^ Trpos Xpi/o-opoa, ^ irporcpov Tepacra. Cp.Drouin in Rev. Num., 1900, p. 487.

296 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.EGYPT. BERENICE II, WIFE OF PTOLEMY III EUERGETES.34. Obv. Bust of Berenice II r., wearing diadem, veil, andnecklace ;border of dots.Rev. BEPENIKHZ BAZIAIZSHZ Cornucopiaewith regal diadem attached ;on each side, pileuswreathed ;border of dots.M. Size 1. Wt. 157 grs. [PI.XIV. 15.](Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, " GreekCoins of a late Collector," lot 477.)This appears to be a new denomination of the coins ofBerenice II, struck (according to Svoronos)B.C. 246221. Two specimens with similar types (two pileionreverse), but of higher denominations, are figured inSvoronos's excellent article on the coins of this queen(Journ. int. i. 1898, PL O, 43 Nos. 1 and 2 ; p. 227).WARWICK WROTH.43On coins of Berenice II see also Babelon, Melanges nvmismatiques,ii., p. 1 f. ; cp. Mowat, Rev. Num., 1893, p. 27. Onstatues of the queen, Svoronos, op. cit., p. 228 ; Dutilh, ib. tp. 433.

XVI.CLASSIFICATION CHRONOLOGIQUE DES ^MIS-SIONS MON^TAIEES DE L'ATELIER DE SISCIAPENDANT LA PfiRIODE CONSTANTINIENNE.(Voir Planches XV, XVI.)LA description des emissions monetaires de 1' atelier deSiscia pendant la pe*riode Constantinienne doit etre commenceeun pen avant Tavenement de Constantin le Granda York en Bretagne le 25 Juillet 306.En effet ce fut le l er Mai 305 qu'eut lieu 1'eievation deSevere II et de Maximin Daja au rang de Cesar,1tandisque Constance I et Galere e*taient reconnus Augustes etque Diocletien et Maxiraien se retiraient du gouvernementde Pempire en gardant le titre de Seniores A ugusti. 2Or la premiere emission dont la description va suivrecommen9a a etre frappe*e le l er Mai 305 et cessa de 1'etrele 11 Novembre 308. Elle comprend en effet des monnaiesde Severe II et de Maximin Cesars, de Constance Ietde Galere Augustes, eleves tous a leurs dignite's nouvellesle l er Mai 305 ainsi ; que celles de MaximienHercule et Diocletien designes depuis la meme date1Lenain de Tillemont, Hist, des Empereurs, tome iv., p. 52.2Eckhel a dej& indique ce titre de Seniores Augusti commeporte sur les monnaies par Diocletien et Maximien apres leurabdication. Eckhel, t. viii., 14, 24.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. R E

298 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.comme Seniores Augusti. Elle presents aussi des monnaiesde Constantin Cesar et de Severe Auguste qui furentellepromus a ces 3dignites apres le 25 Juillet 306. Maisne contient aucune monnaie de Licinius et cessa en con-avant le 11 Novembre 308.sequence de paraitreLa Pannonie ou se trouvait Patelier de Siscia fut attributea Severe II le l er Mai 305 4 et lui appartint jusqu'a5sa mort survenue en Avril ou en Mai 307 . Elle fitensuite partie du domaine de Galere, chef du quadruplegouvernement imperial (tetrarchie) jusqu'au 11 Novembre308, date a laquelleil Tattribua a Licinius en creant cedernier Auguste. 6 PREMIERE EMISSION.Frappde depuis le l er Mai 305 jusqu'au 11 Novembre 308.Les monnaies de bronze de cette emission sont de deuxsortes. Ce sont :1. De grandes pieces (Folles) ; ayant de 25 a 30 millimetresde diametre; pesant de 8 grammes 95 c. a 10grammes 50 c. ;en moyenne environ 10 grammes.2. De petites pieces (Centenionales) ayant des diametresde 18 a 19 millimetres, des poids variant de 1 gr. 60 a2 gr. 30, d'une moyenne plus elevee que celle du Centenionalisque Ton trouve a la fin du regne de Constantinet qui est de 1 7gramme 75 c.3Lactantius: De Mort. Pers., caput xxv. Constantinne porta sur les monnaies le titre Cesar qu'a partir de cetteepoque. II fut proclame Imperator par ses troupes aussitotapres la mort de Constance et reconnu ensuite Cesar parGalere.4J. Maurice, Z' Atelier d'Antioche, Num. Chron., 1899, p. 236.6f7Anonymus Valesii, iv., 9.Lactantius, De Mort. Pers., c. xxix.Je suis pour Ja classification des especes de bronze le

L*ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 299PREMIERE SERIE.Avec les signes du revers et exergues suivantsOn trouveIvi |vi |vi 8SISA SISB SISrAu revers. La legende CONCOEDIA IMPEEII;etcomme type la Concorde debout a gauche,coiffee du modius, appuyee sur un sceptre etsoutenant sa robe.Au droit. I. GAL. VAL. MAXIMINYS NOB. C.Avec sa tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 7 ;FE.8781 [PL XV., No. 1], 8782 ;8 gr. 90 ;25millimetres do diametre et 12 gr. 30 ;28 m.m. ;BE. MVS.2. SEVEEVS NOB. CAES. Avec sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 4; FE. 8731; 9 gr. 90; 26m.m.Le Colonel Voetter pense que peut-etre on rencontre lalettre d'officine A. 9travail de 0. Seeck (Die Munzpolitik Diocletian* , Zeitschrift f.Numismatik, t. xvii., p. 36 et seq.}.L' identification du follis de 1'epoque qui nous occupe avecla pecunia majorina des lois du code Theodosien (notammentlib. ix., tit. 23, lex. 2), a partir de 1'annee 395, permetd'attribuer le nom de Centenionalis a la plus petite especede bronze de cette epoque qui correspond a celle de la fin duregne de Constantin. [Cf. Mommsen, Hist, de la Monnaieromaine. Trad, de Blacas, Paris, 1873, tome iii., pp. 105 et 164.Les folles qui vont etre decrits sont de la meme sorte queceux que Diocletien fitfrapper depuis 1'annee 300 (cf. Fried.Kenner, Die alt. Prdgungen der Mimzstdtte Nicomedia, Numism.Zeitschrift, 1894-95, p. 5).8L'exergue SIS designe 1'atelier de Siscia,et les lettresgrecques A, B, F, les trois oflicines de cette emission mais le;chiffre VI. place dans le champ est inexplique.9La collection du Colonel 0. Voetter, a Vienne, est la plusimportante en monnaies de bronze de cette epoque.C'est a son

300 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.3. FLA. VAL. SEVEEVS NOB. C. Meme tete.Piece inedite. BE. MVS. ;Voetter. 104. FL. VAL. SEYEEVS NOB. C. Meme tete.H. MVS. V. ;BE. MVS. Piece decrite par M.Gnecchi (Rim&ta Italiana di Numismatica, fasci.iii., 1891).5. FL. VAL. CONSTANTINVS NOB. C. Avec satetelauree a droite. Cohen, 67 H. MVS. V.; ;10 gr. 50; 26 m.m.On frappa a la meme epoque les pieces des AugustesMaximien Hercule et Diocletien.(Seniores)Au revers. PEOVIDENTIA DEOEVM QVIESAVGG. La Providence debout a gauche, tenantun rameau leve et un sceptre, en face d'unefemme qui la regarde et leve la droite.A U droit.V. N. MAXIMIANO BAEATISSIMO (tie)SEN. AVG. Son buste laure a droite, a micorps,avec le manteau imperial, tenant unebranche de laurier et un livre ou la mappa.Cohen, 490;FE. 8231 ;8 gr. 95;29 m.m.La piece de Diocletien ; Cohen, 422 ; se presente certainementavec le meme exergue.Au revers. PEEPETVITAS AVGG. Eome assise agauche, tenant un globe surmonte d'une victoire,a cote d'elle un bouclier.Audroit. 1. FLA. VAL. SEVEEVS NOB. C. Satete lauree a droite, piece inedite. CollectionVoetter ;27 m.m.obligeance que je dois d' avoir pu completer un grand nombrede series monetaires de Siscia. Je profite de cette occasionpour Ten remercier.10J'indique comme collections, ainsi que je 1'ai fait dansmes precedentes publications, d'abord les collections duCabinet de France (FE.) et du British Museum (BE. MVS.),puis celles des autres musees (H. MVS. V. = Hof Museum,Vienne ;T. = Turin) et ensuite seulement les collections par-

L*ATELIER MONETA1RE DE SISCIA. 3012. FL. VAL. SEVEEVS NOB. CAES. Meme tete.Cohen, 57 ;H. MVS. V, ;27 m.m. ;BE. MVS.3. PL. VAL. SEYEEVS NOB. C. Meme tete. Cohen,59 ;BE. MYS. Yoetter.;4. SEYEEYS NOB. CAES. Meme tete. Cohen, 56 ;BE. MYS. ;Collection Trau a Yienne. 11Au revers. IOYI CONSEEYAT. Jupiternu debouta gauche, avec le manteau sur 1'epaule gauche,tenant un globe surmonte d'une victoire et unsceptre.Audroit. 1. IMP. MAXIMIANVS P.F. AVG. Satete lauree a droite. Cohen, 329, de Hercule,attribuable a Galere; FE. 8222; 9 gr. 15; BE.MYS. [PI. XV., No. 2.]2. IMP. C. MAXIMIANYS P.F. AVG. 12 Memetete. Cohen, 330, de Hercule, attribuable dGalere ;Yoetter.3. IMP. CONSTANTIVS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.Cohen, 153; FE. 8240.4. IMP. SEYEEYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue; pieceinedite. 27 m.m. ;musee de Buda-Pesth.5. FL. VAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C. Teteanalogue. Cohen, 280 (H. MYS. V. ;collectionLichtenstein) ; Voetter. 13ticulieres, pour les pieces qui manquent dans les musees oupour des pieces rares.11Les legendes Concordia Imperil et Perpetuitas Augg. sontfrappees pour les Cesars lovi Conservat. et Herculi;Victoripour les Augustes et les Cesars.12Les prenoms, titres et nom de Galere etant IMP. CAESAEC. GALEEIYS VALEEIYS MAXIMIANYS AYG., beaucoupde ses monnaies portent : Imp. C. Maximianus, P.F.Aug.13J'indique par le nom du Colonel Yoetter que la piece setrouve dans sa collection s'il ; s'agit d'un ouvrage j'en donnelareference.

302 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.AvecVIVISISA SISB SISrOn trouveAu revers. HEECVLI VICTOKI. Avec Hercule nudebout a gauche, appuye de la droite sur samassue et tenant de la gauche trois pommes etune peau de lion sur le bras.Au droit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTIVS P.F. AVG. Satete laui-ee a droite. Cohen, 151; FK. 8419;10 gr. 50.[PL XV., No. 3.]2. IMP. MAXIMIANVS P.F. AVG. Tete analogue.14Cohen, 298, de Hercule, attribuable & Galere(H. MVS. V. collection ; Lichtenstein) et collection;Voetter.3. GAL. VAL. MAXIMINVS NOB. C. Tete analogue ;piece inedite, variete de Cohen, 106 ou Herculeau revers est tourne a droite. Voetter ;26 m.m.4. II reste a trouver une piece de Severe Cesar ;en effetcette serje commenQa a etre f rappee des le lerMai 305, ainsi que le prouve la presence demonnaies de Constantius Aug.AvecVI A VI B VI TSIS SIS SISOn trouveAu revers. CONCOEDIA IMPEBIL La Concordedebout a gauche, coifTee du modius, appuyeesur un sceptre et soutenant sa robe.Au droit. 1. GAL. VAL. MAXIMTNVS NOB. CAES.Sa tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 6 ;Voetter ;27 m.m.14La presence des monnaies de Maximien Hercule danscette emission, monnaies sur lesquelles Maximien H. portele titre de Senior Augustus, prouve que les autres monnaies deMaximianus ne portant pas ce titre de Senior sont des monnaiesde Galere.

Pexergue suivant |SiL'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 3032. GAL. YAL. MAXIMINYS NOB. 0. Memo tete;piece inedite. Voetter.Je n'ai rencontre qu'une seule piece avec Le signe etSIS*Au rmro. CONCORDIA IMPERIL Avec le typedeja decrit.Audroit.YL. YAL. SEYERYS. Sa tete lauree adroite. C'est la piece dejgl indiquee plus hautet decrite par M. Gnecchi. Musee Brera, Milan;27 m.m.II est difficile de conclure de Texistence d'une seulepiece a celle d'une se*rie entiere de monnaies. Toutefoisil est a remarquer que 1'emission suivante presente lalettre d'officine S et qu'une serie peut manquer dans lescollections.PETITS BEONZES.Les pieces qui vont suivre sont de 1'espece du Centenionalis.Elles ont 18 a 19 millimetres de diainetre,pesent de 1 gr. 50 a 2 gr. 30.Avec 1'exergueSISOn trouveAu revers. GENIO POPVLI ROMAN!. Genie ademi-nu, debout a gauche, coiffe du modius,tenant une patere et une corne d'abondance.Audroit. 1. EL. YAL. SEYERYS NOB. C. Salauree a droite. Cohen, 32; FR. 13986; 2 gr.30; 18 m.m. [PI. XV., No. 4.]2. SEYERYS NOB. C. Meme tete. Cohen, 33;H. MYS. Y. ;Yoetter.

304 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.3. MAXIMINVS NOB. C. Meme tete. Cohen, 84;H. MYS. Y. ;Musee Brera; 18 m.m. ;Voetter.4. GAL. VAL. MAXIMINVS NOB. 0. Meme tete.Cohen, 86 ;H. MVS. V. ;Voetter.5. CONSTANTIVS AVG. Avec sa tete lauree, adroite ; piece inedite. Voetter.6. IMP. C. CONSTANTIVS P.F. AVG. Meme tete.Cohen, 100 ;FR. 13802 ; 1 gr. 60 ;Voetter.7. MAXIMIANVS AVG. Sa tete lauree a droite;piece inedite.Voetter.Ces petites pieces sont rares dans les collections ; je n'enai pas trouve a Peffigie de Constantin Cesar. Mais ellesont ete frappees depuis Fannee 305, ainsi que le prouve lapresence des 15pieces de Constantius.Les monnaies d'or suivantes peuvent se placer dans cetteEmission a cause des legendes qu'elles portent de MaximinCesar, Maximin n'ayant garde ce titre que peu de temps audebut de remission qui vient ensuite.On trouveAvec 1' exergueSISAu revers. PKCNCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Avec Maximinen habit militaire debout a gauche, levantla main droite et tenant un sceptre derriere lui;deux enseignes militaires.Au droit. MAXIMINVS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 144, dit son buste ;FR. 1493 ;5 gr. 35 ;19 m.m. Monnaie d'or du type du60 me de la livre.15Le Colonel Voetter a donne un tableau complet de cespieces dans Erste Christliche : Zeichen, Numismatische Zeittchrift,1892, p. 66. La legende suivante, IMP. C. M. A.MAXIMIANVS P.F. AVG., designe Maximien Hercule etfait partie d'une emission anterieure, Hercule portant seulleprenom d'Aurelius.

305Au revers. OEIENS AVGG. Le Soleil radie a deminu,debout a gauche, levant la droite et tenantde la main gauche un globe surmonte d'unfouet,.Audroit. MAXIMINVS NOB. CAES. Sa tetelauree a droite. Cohen, 136, or.Cette piece doit se rapporter a Felevation des Augustes,Constance-Chlore et Galere, le l er Mai 305.Au revers. YIETVS AVGG . ET CAESS. Maximinmarchant a droite, trainant un barbare derrierelui et portant un trophee a droite devant lui;un barbare assis les mains liees derriere le doset le regardant.Au droit. 1. MAXIMINVS NOB. C. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, 186, or ;FE. 1500 ;5 gr. 60 ;19 m.m.2. SEVEEVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete lauree a droite.Cohen, 68, or ;MM. Kollin et Feuardent.Ces deux pieces ont du etre frappees pendant la courteperiode ou Severe fut Auguste, c'est a dire apres le 25Juillet 306 et avant sa mort en Avril ou Mai 307.DEUXIEME EMISSION.Prappee depuis P elevation de Licinius au rang d* Augustele 11 Novembre 308 16 jusqu'd la mort de Galere le 5 Mai311.En effet cette emission debute avec les monnaies deLicinius le 11 Novembre 308 ;et d'autre part les monnaiesde Galere et celles de Galerie Valerie sa femme,Diocletien, cessent de paraitre apres cette emission.fille de16 Id&t.deFast.: Decies(Maximiano) etMaximiano (Galerio),His conss. quod est Maxentio et Eomulo, levatus LiciniusCarnunto III Id. Nov.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. S S

306 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Galere, qui avait cree Licinius Auguste, lui attribua laprovince de Pannonie 17 ou se trouvait 1'atelier de Sisciaet ce fut des lors la politique de Licinius, fidele luimemea celle de Galere que refleterent les frappes montairesde 1'atelier de Siscia. Aussi ce fut d'abord sousle nora de Cesars, seul titre que leur avait reconnu Galere,que Constantin et Maximin Daja parurent dans cette emission; puis, a la suite des reclamations de Maximin Dajaqui survinrent bientot, puisqu'ellesfurent occasionneespar la nomination de Licinius Auguste, les deux Cesarsfurent designes comme Filli Augiistorum. 18 Galere leuravait donne a tous deux ce titre purement honorifiqueesperant ainsi les contenter, et les ateliers qui appartenaienttant a Galere qu'a Licinius leur attribuerent cettedignite, 19 queConstantin et Maximin refuserent chacunde leur cote. Enfin Maximin usurpa de lui-meme letitre d' Auguste et le fit savoir a Galere; aussi ce dernier,ayant la main forcee, attribua le meme rang d' Augustea Constantin et a Maximin en Avril ou Mai 309. 2017L'ltalie, la Pannonie, la Rhetie appartenaient a Severeqni les tenait lui-meme d'Hercule. Cf. Lenain de Tillemont,Hist, des Empereurs, t. iv., 125 ; Anonymus Valesii, iv. 9, dit"Huic Severo Pannoniae et Italiae Urbes et Africae contigerunt."Lactantiua, De Mort. Pers., cxxix., dit de la conferencede Carnuntum ": Aderat Diocles a genero nuper accitusut, quod ante non fecerat, preesente illoimperium Liciniodaret substitute in Severi loco." Mais 1'Italie avait ete usurpeepar Maxence.18Lactantius, De Mort." Pers., cxxxii., Nuncupate igiturLicinio imperatore, Maximinus iratus nee Caesarem se neetertio loco nominari volebat. Victus contumacia tollitCaesarum nomen et se Liciniumque Augustos appellat, Maximinumet Constantinum filiosAugustorum."19Tel fut le cas de ceux de Siscia et de Thessalonica. Lesateliers appartenant a Constantin et a Maximin respectivementrefuserent d'emettre des monnaies avec cette appellation pourleur souverain.20Lactantius, De Mort. Pers., cxxxii., dit que Maximin

I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 307*L'atelier de Siscia frappa des lors des monnaies auxeffigies des quatre Augustes, Galere, Licinius, Maximinet Constantin. Ce sont ces frappes qui terminent cetteemission. Les monnaies de bronze (folles) qui la composentoscillent entre les poids de 7 gr. 80 c. et de6 gr. 10 c. Ce ne sont plus des folles analogues aceux de Diocletien comme dans 1'emission precedente.Mais un premier abaissement du poids de ces monnaiesa eu lieu lors de la conference de Carnuntum au debut decette emission, et correspond a peu pres sinon completementa celui quieut lieu dansvers la meme epoque.21les etats de Maximin DajaAvec les signes, lettres d'offieines et exerguesu|A. u|B u F u|A u|8 u|SSIS SIS SIS SIS SIS SISOn trouveAu revers. GENIO AVGVSTI. Genie a demi-nu,debout a gauche, ooiffe du modius, tenant unepatere d'ou la liqueur se repand et une corned'abondance.Au droit. 1. MAXIMINVS NOB. CAES. Sa tetelauree a droite. Cohen, 22 ;FE. 8788 ;7 gr.10 ;25 m.m.2. Je n'ai pas trouve la piece analogueCesar.de Constantin3. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, 26; EK. 9018-19-20 ;6 gr.35;24 m.m.et Constantin furent reconnus Augustes par Galere enmeme temps. J'ai determine 1'epoque de cette reconnaissancedans mon etude sur 1'atelier d'Antioche (NumismaticChronicle, 1899, p. 218).21Id., page 217.

308 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.4. MAXIMINYS FIL. AYGG. Tete analogue. Cohen,24 ;BE. MVS. ;H. MYS. Y. ;Yoetter.5. CONSTANTINYS FIL. AYGG. Tete analogue.Cohen, 179; FE. 9082; 6 gr. 44; 26 m.m.[PL XV., No. 5.] Yoetter.6. IMP. MAXIMINYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.Cohen, 26 ;FE. 8792 ;6 gr. 75 ;25 m.m. ;BE. MYS.7. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.Cohen, 175 ;FE. 9083-84 ;7 gr. 25 ;24 m.m. ;9-085, 6 gr. -07; 26 m.m.; BE. MYS.8. IMP. MAXIMIANYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.No. 133 de Hercule dans Cohen; doit etreattribue a Galere. FE. 8895-96; 6 gr. 90;26 m.m. ;8897-98 ;7 gr. 80; 24 m.m.An revers. GENIO CAESAEIS. Avec le meme typedu revers que celui du Genio Augusti.Au droit. 1. MAXIMINYS NOB. CAES. Sa tetelauree a droite. Cohen, 37. Yoetter.2. Je n'ai pas trouve la piece analogueCesar.de Constantin3. CONSTANTINYS FIL. AVGG. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 186 (H. MYS. Y. ;coUectionLiechtenstein) ;6 gr. 40 ;26 m.m. ;Yoetter.4. Je n'ai pas trouve la piece analogue de Maximinus fil.augg.5. IMP. LIC. LICIN1YS P.F. AYG. Sa tete lauree *droite ; piece inedite ;26 m.m ;Yoetter.6. IMP. MAXIMIANYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.Cohen 135 de Hercule; attribuable a Galere.Yoetter; FE.Au revers. YENEEI YICTEICI. Yenus debout agauche, tenant une pomme dans la main droitelevee et soutenant son voile.Au droit. GAL. YALEEIA AYG. Son buste drape adroite, tantot avec un diademe, tantot avec unbandeau sur les cheveux ; parfois avec un croissantpose soit sur les cheveux, soit devant le

I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE T)E SISCIA. 3C9manteau. Le colonel Voetter possede toutesles varietes de cette moimaie. FB-. 8716 ;8719. [PI. XV. No. 6] ;8720.Les pieces de Galeria Valeria sont frappees au coursde cette emission en meme temps quecelles de Galere(Maximianus) et cessent de 1'etre en meme temps. II enest de meme a Antioche. 22Des deux cotes la mort de Galere est suivie d'un abaissementdu poids des monnaies de bronze et Ton ne trouveplus de pieces de Galeria Valeria parmiles monnaies debronze de poids re'duit. On trouve dans ce fait la confirmationdes recits de Lactance,23d'apres lesquels Vale'rieavait voulu d'abord abandonner 1'heritage de Galere aLicinius, mais ne Favait pas fait et s'etait refugiee dans lese*tats de Maximin croyant devoir etre plus en sureteaupres de ce dernier, qui la persecuta pour d'autres raisonsque Licinius. Valerie fut done condamne'e presque enmeme temps a 1'exil par les deux empereurs et ses monnaiescesserent d'etre f rappe'es a Siscia comme a Antioche.TROISIEME EMISSION.Cette emission fut frappee depuis le5 Mai 311 et cessa deTetre au courant de I'annee 312.En effet elle commenca de paraitre apres la mortde Galere le 5 Mai 311, car le nom de cet empereurn'est inscrit sur ses monnaies qu'avec Fepitliete Divus(Galerius) dans la legende :DIVO GAL. VAL. MAXI-MIANO. Elle se termina au courant de Tannee 312 ;car 1'emission suivante, qui ne presente plus de monnaiesde Divus Galerius, en contient22 J. Maurice, loc. cit., p. 223.encore de Maximin Daja23Lactantius, De Mort. Pers., c. xxxix. et Lenain de Tillemont,Hist, des Emp. iv, p. 117.

310 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.qui n'ont pu etre f rappees que jusqu'au debut de la24guerre entre Licinius et Maximin en Mars ou Avril 313.Cette emission comprend deux sortes de monnaies debronze ou FOLLES* Les plus lourds de ces FOLLES pesentde 5 grammes a 7 grammes 55 c. et ont d;25 a 26 millimetresde diametre les ; plus legers pesent de 4 a 5grammes et ont de 23 a 24 millimetres de diametre. Getabaissement des poids des folles eut lieu au cours de remissionet il semble qu'il y eut a peu pres synchronisme entrecet abaissement des poids a Siscia dans les etats de25Licinius et a Antioche dans ceux de Maximin Daja.II dut se produire au cours et sans doute dans la secondemoitie de 1'annee 311.14 Licinius fut rappele de la conference de Milan a la fin defevrier par 1'invasion de ses etats par Maximin ;on dut suspendre la frappe des monnaies de Maximin dans ses ateliersau mois de Mars. Sur la declaration de guerre voir :Lactantius,De Nort. Pers. xlv., Anonymus Valesii, v., 13.25J'ai deja demontre plus haut que le meme synchronismeavait eu lieu pour le ler abaissement du poids des FOLLES lorsde la conference de Carnuntum en Novembre 308 (voir montravail sur 1'atelier d' Antioche, Numismatic Chronicle, 1899,p. 226, pour 1'abaissement du poids des monnaies en 311).On peut reconnaitre dans ces abaissements simultanes dupoids des monnaies, dans ce parallelisme entre les emissionsdes memes especes monetaires a Siscia et a Antioche,une preuve des nombreux echanges commerciaux qui avaientlieu entre ces deux parties de 1'empire. II en est pour lesmonnaies d'or de meme que pour les monnaies de bronze.J'ai eu 1'occasion de demontrer un fait semblable pour lesemissions des ateliers de Tarragone et de Home. Apres laprise de Rome par Maxence le 28 Octobre, 306, Rome frappades monnaies de bronze de meme poids que celles de Tarra-Constantin reconnut le pouvoir de Maxencegone et lorsqueen 307, il fit f rapper a Tarragone des monnaies analogues acelles que Maxence emettait et de meme poids.L'activite des echanges commerciaux entre Rome et Tarragoned'une part, entre Siscia et 1'Orient d'autre part, estattested paries textes, qui prouvent que les approvisionnements

L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 311PREMIERE SERIE.Avec les lettres d'officines et les exergues|A [B |r IA |e |SSIS SIS SIS SIS SIS SISOn trouveI. Au revers. IOVI CONSERVATOR! Jupiter nu,debout a gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaule gauche,tenant le foudre de la droite et appuye sur ansceptre. A ses pieds a gauche un aigle tenantune couronne en son bee.Au droit. 1. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sat6te lauree a droite. Cohen, 83 ;FR. 9039 ;6gr. 10;BR. MVS.2. IMP. MAXIMINYS P.F. AVG. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 110; FR. 8874-76; 25 m.m..BR. MVS.3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, 286; FR. 9113; 7 gr. 55 ;25 m.m. BR. MVS.4. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Meme tete. Cohen,287 ;Voetter.de Rome se faisaient en grande partie en Espagne sous Constantin(cf. Cod. Theodosianus, lib. xiii. tit. v., de Naviculariis,lex iv., du 8 Mars, 324 et ; plus tard Symmachi epist. lib. 10,epist. 50 cf. 0.; Seeck, Hon. Hist. Germanica Antiquissima,xxxvii., p. 309; Cassiodore Tar. 5, 35); et les nombreuseslois qui prouvent que Constantinople s'approvisionna surtouten Egypte (cf. E. Gebhardt, Verpflegungswesen von Romund Constantinopel in der Spaterenkais^rzeit, Dorpat, 1881).Or a 1'epoque qui nous occupe Licinius etait entre en possessionde Byzance et de tout ce qui est en dec^i de la Propontide ducote de 1'Europe ;et Galere avait possede auparavant lesmemes contrees. (Cf. Lenain de Tillemont, 1. c. iv., p. 117 ;Lact. D. M. P., cxxxvi.) II n'est done pas etonnant que lesmonnaies des ateliers de Licinius tels que Siscia aient etefrappees de meme poids que celles de Maximin qui possedait1' Orient et 1'Egypte afin de faciliter 1'activite des e changescommerciaux entre les etats des deux empereurs.

312 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.II. Au mw*. FOETI FOETVNAE. Avec la Fortune debouta gauche, tenant un gouvernail^pose sur unet une corne d'abondance. A c6te d'elleglobea droite un croissant et une etoile.Au drott.DIVO GAL. VAL. MAXIMIANO. Sonbuste voile a droite. Cohen, 30 de G-alere.FE. 8476; 4 gr. 10; 24 m.m. [PL XV., No. 7.]Les memes pieces se rencontrent avec la lettre H danslechamp du revers. L'on a en consequencepartie suivante de cette premiere serie.Avec les lettres et exerguesla seconde

I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 313directe de Hercule et que Patelier de Siscia etait passedes domaines de ce dernier empereurdans les siens.La monnaie commemorative de Galere, Cohen No. 30,fut frappee egalement avec les pieces de la seconde partiede cette serie(collection Yoetter).DEUXIEME SERIE.Avec les signes, lettres et exerguesfi|A fl|B Q|T fl|A QlG QISSIS SIS SIS SIS SIS SISOn trouveI. Au revers.IOVL CONSEEVATOEI. Avec Jupiternu, debout & gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaulegauche, tenant le foudre et appuye sur unsceptre.Audroit.l.IKP. LIC. LICINIYS P.P. AYG. Latete lauree a droite. Piece inedite. BE. MVS.avec I'officme S, qui est rare ;Yoetter.2. IMP. MAXIMINYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.Cohen, 112 ;FK. 8870 a 73 ;4 gr. 70 ;24 m.m. ;BE. MYS. [PL XV., No. 9.]3. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. A7G. Tete analogue.Cohen, 284; FE. 9111; 5 gr. 5;23 m.m. BE. MYS. ;4 gr. 53 ;23 m.m.Les poids de cette serie sont en general moins elevesque ceux de la serie precedente.Leurs legendes et leurs exergues classent egalementdans cette emission les pieces d'or suivantes.Avec le signe et F exergue suivantsJESISVOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. T T

314 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.On trouveI. Au revers.IOVI CONSEEYATOEI AYG. Jupiternu debout a gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaulegauche, tenant le foudre et un sceptre a ses;pieds a gauche un aigle tenant une couronneen son bee.Au droit. LICINIVS P.F. AYG. Sa tete lauree adroite. H. MVS. Y. 25550 ;5 gr. 35 ;21 m.m.Cette piece differe du No. 89 de Cohen par lefoudre.II. Au revers. IOYI CONSEEYATOEI. Jupiter nu debouta gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaule gauche,tenant une victoire sur un globe et un sceptre;a ses pieds a gauche un aigle tenant unecouronne en son bee.Au droit. LICINIVS P.F. AYG. Sa tete lauree adroite. BE. MYS.Ces pieces d'or sont de Tespece du 60 mede la livre d'orqui frequemment est indiquee sur les monnaies par lechiffre grec 2 aussi ; Missong dans Die Vorldufer derWerthzahl OB auf romischen Goldmunzen, Zeitschrifi f.Numismatik, vii., 1880, a-t-il cru pouvoir voir un rapportentre les deux signes grecs 2 et X latin. Mais il sembleque ce doit etre le chiffre des YOTA X de Licinius que1'on frappait alors.QUATRIEME EMISSION.Cette emission fut frappee au cours de I'annee 312 etjtisqu'au debut de la guerre entre Maximin et Licinius enMars ou Avril 313. En effet elle contient des monnaiesde Maximin qui n'ont pu etre frappees qu'anterieurementa cette date. Elle se distingue de remission precedente

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 31528parce que Fatelier fonctionne avec une officine de moins.Les folles de cette emission ne pesent plus que de 3gr. 50 c. a 4 gr. 70 c. ;elles ont en moyenne 22 m.ra. dediametre.Avec les lettres et exerguesIA IB |r |A |eSIS SIS SIS SIS SISOn trouveAurevers. IOVI CONSEEVATOEI AVGG. N.N.Jupiter nu debout a; gauche, le manteau sur1'epaule gauche, tenant une victoire sur unglobe et s'appuyant sur un sceptre a ses ; piedsa gauche un aigle tenant une couronne enson bee. 29Au droit. l.-IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sonbuste laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 123 ;FE.9064 ;4 gr. 55 ;25 m.m. ;BE. MVS. ;egalement avec son buste laure et cuirasse adroite; FE. 14239; 3 gr. 60; 24 m.m.,14240-41 ;BE. MVS. ;Yoetter.2. Meme legende, avec sa tdte lauree a droite. Cohen,126 ;FE. 14230 ;3 gr. 50; 22 m.m., 14231 ;BE. MVS.3. IMP. MAXIMINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laureet drape a droite. Variete inedite. BE. MVS. ;Voetter.4. Meme legende avec son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.Cohen, 127; FE. 14047, 14048; 3 gr. 80;23 m.m. ;14049. [PI. XV., No. 10.]28L'importance de la collection du Colonel 0. Voetterpermet de s'assurer de ce fait.29 Elle correspond mme absolument a une emission d'Antiochequi presente la legende du revers (J. Maurice, NumismaticChronicle, 1899, p. 227).

316 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.5. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son bustelaure et drape a droite. Cohen, 312 BE. MVS.; ;FE. 14732-33 ;3 gr. 55 22 m.m.; ;avecson buste laure et cuirasse a droite. BE. MVS. ;H. MYS. V.; FE. 14734; 3 gr. 70 ;22 m.m. ;14736.6. Meme legende ;sa tete lauree a droite, piece inedite.BE. MVS. ;4 gr. 62 ;22 m.m. ;Voetter.C'est dans cette emission qu'ilfaut placer la pieced'orsuivante avec 1'exergueSISAu revers. PEOFECTIO AVGGr. Licinius a cheval adroite tenant une haste.Au droit.mP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa fetelauree a droite. Cohen, 143 ;FE. 1435 ;5 gr.40 ;19 m.m. ;or.Cette piece doit se rapporter a un evenement tres importantsurvenu en 1'annee 313. C'est la rencontre deLicinius et de Constantin a Milan en fevrier 313, ou futrendu 1'edit de Milan qui etablissait la liberte religieusedans 30Tempire ; et ou Licinius epousa Constantia,31soeur de Constantin. Ce depart (Profectio)des Augusteseut lieu lorsque Constantin fut rappele dans lesGaules et Licinius en Illyrie par des guerres menacantes.30Eusebii, Historia ecclesiastica, lib. 10, c. 5 ;Lenain deTillemont, t. iv., p. 146.31J'ai decrit dans 1? Atelier monetaire de Londres, NumismaticChronicle, 1900, p. 122, une piece de bronze a 1'effigiede Constantin datee par ses signes d' emission de la memeepoque et portant la legende ADVENTVS AVGG-. NN., quidoit s'appliquer a cette meme entrevue des deux empereurs,lesquels ne se rencontrerent officiellement qu'a Milan.

L*ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 317La piece d'or suivante avec le meme exergue que laprecedente se place a cote d'elle par ses legendes.Au revers. SECVKITAS AVGG. Licinius dans unquadrige au pas a droite.Audroit. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa tetelauree a droite. Cohen, 156 ;H. MVS. V.,25649 ;5 gr. 40 ;20 m.m.Ces deux pieces sont de Pespece du 60 me de la livred'or qui etait couramment frappee dans les etats deLicinius en 313, tandis que dans les etats de Constantinle SOLIDUS etait deja plus frequemment emis ;des piecesdu type du 60 me sortaient encore des ateliers de Constantinpour etre echangees centre celles de Licinius.CINQUIEME EMISSION.Cette emission ne contient quedes monnaies de Constantinle Grand et de Licinius.Elle est done posterieurea la guerre entre Licinius et Maximin qui fut suime de lamort de ce dernier en Juin 313. 32 Elle se termine avantV elevation des Cesars, Crispus, Licinius II et Constantin II,qui eut lieu le l er 33Mars 317, car elle ne contient pas demonnaies des Cesars. Entre ces deux epoques, Avrilou Juin 313 et le l er Mars 317, Patelier de Sisciapassa des etats de Licinius dans ceux de Constantin,par suite de la guerre qui eut lieu entre ces deux empereursa la fin de Pannee 314.34 Cette guerre inter-32Maurice, E Atelier monetaire de Rome, Revue Numismatique,1899, p. 461.33Id., EAtelier monetaire de Londres, Numismatic Chronicle,1900, p. 134.34Lenain de Tillemont, t. iv., p. 1 62 ;Zosimi historiae, lib.ii., cap. 20.

318 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.rompit a Siscia les emissions monetaires. Eneffet, tandisque Ton frappait dans les ateliers situes dans les etatsde Constantin a Rome, a Tarragone, a Loudres, des monnaiesd'un certain type avec la legende Soli Invicto ComitiAug. N. a la seule de effigie Tempereur dont ils dependaient,35 la contre-partie avait lieu a Thessalonicaqui appartenait a Licinius, ou des monnaies d'un typeanalogue paraissaient avec la legende Tom Conservatori36de Licinius seul.Aug., f rappees au nom et a 1'effigieSi Tatelier de Siscia, situe dans les etats de Licinius lorsde la declaration de guerre, etait reste ouvert pendant leshostilites, il eut emis des monnaies analogues a celles deThessalonica dont il vient d'etre question. Mais au contraireon ne trouve que des series paralleles de pieces deConstantin et de Licinius sorties vers cette epoque de1'atelier de Siscia. Get atelier fut done ferme pendant laguerre et ce fait ;jetteun jour nouveau sur lacampagnede Constantin. Get empereur venant d'ltalie, livrant sapremiere bataille a Cibales, dut faire suivre a son armee lagrande voie qui venant 37d'Aquilee traversait la Pannonieen passant par Noviodunum et Siscia, dont Fatelier se trouvaferme par le passage des troupes ennemies des le debutdes hostilites, ce qui explique la suspension des frappes decet atelier pendant la guerre.Constantin apres sa victoirede Cibales jeta un pont sur la Save 38 et la traversant, poursuivitLicinius en Thrace, ou eut lieu la derniere bataille35J. Maurice, Revue Numismatique, 1899, p. 467, et 1900,p. 287.s6La collection du colonel Yoetter fournit a cet egard unensemble de pieces des plus importants.37Eutrope (lib. x., cap. 5) parle de combats preliminairesen Pannonie.38Zosimi historiae, lib. ii., caput xix.

319de cette guerre (in campo Mardiense) 39 entre Philippopoliset Hadrianopolis. 40II ne s'approcha pas de la Macedoine ou 1'atelier deThessalonica, situe au sud de la province,tres loin dutheatre de la guerre, n'emit que des monnaies de Liciniusjusqu'au moment du traite de paix qui le livra a Constantin.II resulte de ces explications qu'il faut changer, ainsique 1'a deja fait remarquer 0. Seeck, 41 dans le texte de1'Anonymus Yalesii, v., 17 (Misit (Licinius) legatos adConstantinum apud Philippwri), le mot de Philippum enPhilippopolis, oude Mardie.Constantin se trouvait avant la batailleL'emission dont la description va suivre se divise endeux parties qui presentent a Siscia les memes seriesmonetaires. Mais la premiere partiede remission futf rap pee avant la guerre de 314, qui debuta en Septembrede cette annee ; 42 tandis que la seconde partie est posterieurea cette guerre et ne peut etre datee d'une faconcertaine que du l er Janvier 315, jour de la prise en commundu consulat par Licinius et Constantin, evnementqui temoigne officiellement de leur reconciliation.Les monnaies de bronze frappees avant et apres lafermeture de 1'atelier pendant la guerre sont les memes,seulement le poids de ces pieces dut etre uniformementabaisse apres la guerre, Patelier de Siscia se trouvant des3940Anonymus Valesii, v., 17.Zos. hist., ii., xix. ;0. Seeck a etabli ce point dans Geschichtedes Unter gangs der antihen Welt, Berlin, 1897, p. 161 ;AnmerUungen, p. 503.410. Seeck, meme passage.42J. Maurice, IS Atelier de Tarragone, Revue Numismatique,1900, p. 285.

320 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.lors dans les etats de Constantin, ou etait emis le denierde bronze du poids moyen de 3 gr. 50 c. II seraitinutile de repeter deux fois la description des meme piecesfrappees aux deux epoques successives, Ton peut considerercomme composant la seconde partie de remission lespieces de Faspect et du poids moyendu denier de bronze.PREMIERE SERIE.Avec les lettres d'officines et exerguesIA IB r A ieSIS SIS SIS SIS SISOn trouveAu revers. IOYI CONSEEYATOEI;avec Jupiter nu,debout & gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaulegauche, tenant une victoire sur un globe etappuye sur un sceptre; a ses pieds a gaucheun aigle tenant une couronne en son bee.Audroit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.P. AYG. Satete lauree a droite ;piece inexactement decritedans Cohen, 289 ;PE. 14695 ;BE. MYS. ;H.MYS. V. [PI. XV., No. 11.]2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et drape a droite ;piece inedite Voetter.;3. IMP. CONSTANTINYS AYG. ^Satete lauree adroite ; piece inexactement decrite dans Cohen,288; PE. 14692; 3 gr. 60; 21 m.m. ; id.,14693-94.4. IMP. LIC. LICINIYS P.P. AYG. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, 67 ;PE. 14141 ;MuseeBrera; 20 m.m. ;Yoetter. [PI. XV., No. 12.]5. Meme legende. Son buste laure et drape a droite.Cohen, 67.Yoetter.6. IMP. LICINIYS P. P. AYG. Sa t&e lauree 4droite. Cohen, 73; PE. 14229; 3 gr. 45 ;21m.m.; 14137; 3 gr. 10; 20 m.m. ;BE. MYS.;H. MYS. Y.

I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 321Les N os - 1, 2 et 3 de Constantin ont ete frappes parallelementavec N os - 4, 5 et 6 de Licinius. Les typeset les legendes au droit de ces pieces sont analogues.La .piece d'or suivante rentre dans cette serie par salettre dans lechamp et son exergue.AvecSISAu revers. 10VI CONSEEVATOEL Jupiter nu,debout a gauche, le manteau sur Tepaule gauche,tenant un globe et un sceptre ;a ses pieds ddroite un aigle tenant une couronne en son bee.Au droit. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AYG. Sa tetelauree d droite. Cohen, 281 ;FR. 1525 ;4 gr.97 ;18 m.m.On peut egalement ranger dans cette serie par sonexergue= la piece d'or suivante.Aurevers. VIETVS EXEECITVS GALL. Mars nu,le manteau flottant, marchant a droite, portantun trophee et une haste transversale, entre deuxvaincus assis d ses pieds.Au droit. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVGK Sa tetelauree a droite. Cohen, 702; FE. 1551 ;4 gr.37; 19 m.m. Solidus.L'atelier devait etre, qnand fut frappee cette piece,dans les mains de Constantin en 315. Le SOLIDUS etaitalors emis dans les etats de Constantin. La legende durevers prend un sens si Ton tient compte de ce que cettepiece parut a la suite de la victoire remportee par Constantinsur Licinius, victoire due sans doute en grandepartie aux legions des Gaules. Le N0> 703 de Cohen estune piece pareille a celle qui vient d'etre decrite, mais sanscaptifs aux pieds de Mars; FK. 1552; 4 gr. 75; 18 m.m.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. U U

IAIA322 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.DEUXIEME SERIE.Avec les lettres d'efficines et exergues]B |r ireSIS SIS SIS SIS SISOn trouveI. Au rwers.IQYL CONSEEVATOEI. Cette legendsaccompagnee du meme type du revers que dansla serie precedente.Au droit. 1, IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVGK Satete lauree a droite. Cohen, 289. C'est le No.1 de la serie precedente; FK. 14696-14698;3 gr. 72 ;21 m.m. ;BE. MVS. ;H. MVS. V.2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Meme tete. Cohen,288. C'est le No. 3 de la serie precedente ;Voetter.3. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, 67. C'est le No. 4 de la serieprecedente; FE. 14144; BE. MVS.La piece d'argent suivante fait partiea raison de son revers.Ade cette serieOn trouve-II. Au revers. 10VI CONSEEVATOEI. Jupiter a deminu,debout a gauche, tenant une victoire sur unglobe et appuye sur un sceptre, a ses pieds agauche un aigle tenant une couronne en son bee.Au droit. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa tetelauree a droite. Cohen, 65 ;FE. medaillon, 124.C'est la piece du 96 me a la livre ; pese 3 gr. 65 ;21 m.m.

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 323SIXTEME EMISSION.Cette emission fut frappee entre le l er Mars 317 et ledebut,de 320.En effet elle est caracterisee par Fapparition desmonnaies des Cesars, Crispus, Constantin II et Licinius II,dont 1'elevation a ce rang eut lieu le l er Mars 317. 43partD'autreon ne trouve sur les series monetaires de cetteemission ni les YOTA Y des Cesars ni lesXX des Augustes, dont la frappede 320. 44VOTA XV etcommence au dbutLes legendes des monnaies de cette emission a SisciaSoli Invicto Comiti pour Constantin,lovi Conservatoripour Licinius, Principia luventutis et Claritas Reipullicaepour les Cesars ont e*te frappees en meme temps aRome et dans la plupart des ateliers de 1'empire. Enmeme temps que ces legendes, Fon frappait, egalementainsi que j'ai deja euToccasion de lefaire remarquer dansune etude sur Patelier de Londres, la legende VictoriaeLaetae Princ. Per p. Les monnaies de bronze qui vontetre decrites sont de Tespece du denier de bronze cree parConstantin en 314 et 315 et dont le poids moyen 3 grammes 50 c., le diametre de 19 a 20 m.m.est deAvec les exerguesPREMIERE SERIE.ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esis43 J. Maurice, I?Atelier monetaire de Londres, Num. Chron.,1900, pp. 134, 135.44Id., L> Atelier monetaire de Rome, Revue Numismatique, 1899,p. 476.

32 4 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.I. Au revers. SOLI INYICTO COMITL Le Soleilradie a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant agauche, levant la droite et tenant un globe.Audroit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVGK Son bustelaure et drape a droite, egalement avec le bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 530 ;Voetter.2. CONSTANTINVS IYN. NOB. CAES. Son bustelaure et drape a droite. Cohen, 1 84 ;FE. 15813 ;3 gr. 25 ;20 m.m. [PI. XV., No. 13.]II. Au revers. 10 VI CONSEEVATOEI. Jupiter nudebout a gauche, tenant une victoire sur unglobe et un sceptre; a ses pieds a gauche unaigle tenant une couronne en son bee.Audroit. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Satete lauree a droite. Cohen, 67 ;FE. 14138 ;Voetter.III. Au revers. PEINCIPIA IVVENTVTIS. Le princecasque, en habit militaire, debout a droite,appuye sur un bouclier et tenant une hasterenversee.Au droit. 1. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laureet drape a droite. Cohen, 105 ;Voetter.2. CEISPVS NOB. CAESAE. Meme buste. Cohen,106; FE. 15467; 3 gr. 25;20 m.m. [PI. XVI.,No. 1.]3. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Buste analogue.Piece inedite. Voetter.IV. Au revers. CLAEITAS EEIPVBLICAE. Le Soleilradio, a demi-nu, debout de face,regardant agauche, levant la droite et tenant un globe.Au droit. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. CAES.Son buste laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 50 ;FE. 15637 ;3 gr. 50 ;20 m.m. ;Voetter.Les pieces qui vont suivre avec les legendes Victoriaeet Viet. Laetae Princ. Perp. ont etc frappees de 320 & 324 ;en effet on les trouve dans toutes les series de remission

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 825qui parutde 320 a 324. J'ai demontre toutefois dansmon etude sur Tatelier de Londres qu'elles furent egalementfrappees de 317 320. 45On trouveV. Au revere. VICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.,et comme type, deux victoires debout posantun bouclier sur un autel celle ; qui est a gauchea ecrit VOT. P.E. sur le bouclier.Au droit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Sonbuste cuirasse a droite avec le casque laure.Cohen, 636 ;FE. 15051 ;au revers avec unpoint sur H 1'autel BE. MVS.;2. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse" atenant une haste et un bouclier. Sur legauche,casque a cimier des etoiles. Cohen,15056. [PI. XVI., No. 2.]637; FE.3. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse agauche, tenant une haste seulement. Cohen,638; Voetter.4. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son bustecuirasse a droite avec le casque laure. Cohen,639; FE. 15076; sur 1'autel au revers ^,15081; 3 gr. 2; 18 m.m. ;rien sur 1'autel;Voetter.5. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAESAE. Son buste laureou uneet cuirasse a gauche avec un sceptrehaste et un bouclier ;avec la lettre IJ]sur 1'autelau revers. Inedite. Voetter.6. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Son bustelaure, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 222 ;FE. 15823 ;3 gr. 25 ;19 m.m. ;BE. MVS.7. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Son buste laure etdrape, ou drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 54 ;FE. 14427. R sur 1'autel au revers. BE.MVS.45 J. Maurice, IS Atelier monetaire de Londres, Num. Chron.,1900, p. 138.

326 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.VI. Au revers.VICT. LAETAE PEINC . PEEP. Deuxvictoires debout, posant sur un autel un bouclier,sur lequel celle qui est placee a gauche a ecritVOT. P.E.Audroit. 1. CONSTANTINVS -AVGK Son bustecasque et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 569 ;FE.15033, 15037; T. ;BE. MVS.; Voetter. AvecEl et HJ 46 a la face anterieure de 1' autel ourien.2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVGK Son bustecasque et cuirasse a droite avec le casque laure.Cohen, 572 ;FE. 15042.3. IMP. LICINIYS AVG. Sa tete lauree a droite.Cohen, 170; FE. 14314; devant 1'autel ||JouGJ ;BE. MVS. [PI. XVI., No. 3.]4. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Son buste laure et drapea droite. Cohen, 140; T.Je n'ai pas vu les piecesdes autres Cesars.DEUXIEME SERIE.Avec les signes et lettres d' exerguesASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esisOn trouve :I. Au revers SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Avec le typedecrit plus haut.Au droit.TKP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Sonbuste laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 536; FE.14932; 2gr. 95; 18 m.m. 14933.;46L'explication de ces lettres n'a pas encore ete donnee.II me semble qu'elles constituent sans auctm doute 1'exerguede Siscia que forment les lettres S I S, qui se trouvent surplusieurs pieces qui forment un sigle et qui terminent despoints

327II. Au revers. CLABITAS KEIPVBLICAE. Avec letype decrit plus haut avec cette legende.Au droit.-IM.-p. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite.Voetter.La piece d'or suivante se classe dans cette emissionpar la legende et son exergue les lettres d'officines;r-^r n'etaient generalement pas frappees sur les monnaies d'or.Au revers. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Le Soleilradie a demi-nu debout a gauche, levant ladroite et tenant de la main gauche un globe etun fouet ;a ses pieds un captif assis, les mainsliees derriere le dos.Au droit.-IM.-p. CONSTANTINVS MAX. AVG. Satete radiee a droite. Cohen, 517, or; collectionde M. de Quelen ;Cohen.C'est la premiere apparitiondu titre de MaximusAugustus de Constantin, ainsi que du typeradiee sur les monnaies de Siscia.de la teteSEPTIEME EMISSION.Frappee depuis P apparitionsur les monnaies des VotaXV de Constantin et des Vota V des Cesars yc'est a diredepuis le debut de l\anme 320, 47 jusqu'dSelection deConstantius II Ctsar le 8 Novemlre 324. On ne trouvepas en effet de pieces a 1'effigie de ce princeemission, qui comprend huitdans cetteseries de monnaies avec des47Cf. J. Maurice, ISAtelier monetaire de Home, RevueNumumatique, 1899, p. 476 et seq.Les Yota V des Cesars ontete frappes en meme temps que les Vota XV de Constantin,c'est a dire des 1'annee 320, et Panniversaire de 1' elevation desCesars tombe le l er Mars.

328 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.exerguesdifferents. Les trois dernieres series avec lesetpas de monnaies des Licinius pereet fils. Si ce faitest certain, ainsi que je le pense, il en resulte qu'ellesont ete emises pendant la guerreet Licinius, qui dechira Pempire pendantentre Constantinla secondemoitie de 1'annee 324 et se termina par la defaite et lareddition de Licinius dechu de son rang d'empereur. 48L'atelier de Siscia, se trouvanfc dans les etats de Constantin,suspendit la frappe des monnaies de ses adversaires,mais continua celle de plusieurs series de pieces de Constantinet de ses fils jusqu'a Pelevation de Constantius IICsar, qui marquele debut d'une autre emission au 8Novembre 324.PREMIERE SERIE.Avec les exergues suivantsASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esisOn doit classer ici d'abord toutes les monnaies avec leslegendes du revers :I. YICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP, etII.VICT. LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.48La premiere bataille, celle d'Andrinople, est du 3 Juillet324. Licinius passe le Bosphore. Constantin le poursuit etle bat une seconde fois a Chalcedoine le 18 Septembre 324(0. Seeck, Geschichte des Unter gangs der antiken W^elt. Berlin,1897, pages 178 et 181).

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 329qui ont ete decrites dans remission precedente ; 49 ensuiteon trouve :III^Aurevers. D.N. LICINI AYGYSTI. Autour d'unecouronnede laurier dans laquelle on lit VOT.XX.Au droit. IMP. LIOINIVS AVG. Sa tete lauree &droite. Cohen, 15 ;FE. 14097.IV. Au revers. D. N. LICINI MAX. AVG. Avec lememe type.Au droit. IMP. LICINIYS AYG. Meme tete. Cohen,18; Voetter.V. Au revers. LICINI AYGYSTI. Autour des motsYOTIS XX, en trois lignes dans le champ.Au droit. IMP. LICINIYS AYG. Meme tete. Cohen,136 ;FE. 14249; 2 gr. 95 ;19 m.m.YI. Au revers. D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AYG.Autour d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelleon lit YOT. XX.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS AVG. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 123; Voetter; avec 1'exergueeis 8eulement -VII. Au revers. CAESAEVM NOSTEOKVM. Autourd'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on litVOT. V.Au droit. 1. IVL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Sa tete laureea droite'. Cohen, 34 ;FE. 15387 ;BE. MVS. ;Voetter.49II etait inutile de reproduireici cette liste de pieces quiest exactement la meme que dans 1'emission precedente. Dememe pour les series qui suivent je renvoie aux descriptions deremission precedente. Lorsque les pieces indiquees aurontdeja ete decrites dans cet article, je n'indiquerai plus que leursNos. dans Cohen, si elles y figment.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. X X

330 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.2. CONSTANTINVS IYN. NOB. C. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, 31 ;FE. 15595 ;BE. MVS. ;Voetter.3. LICINIYS IVN. NOB. C. Sa tete lauree a droite.Cohen, 5 ;FE. 14347 ;BE. MVS.DEUXIEME SERIE.Avec les exerguesASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esisOn trouveI. An revers. VICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.Avec le type deja decrit.Audroit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen,636 ;Voetter.2. Meme legende. Cohen, 637 ;FE. 15055-56 ;Voetter.3. Meme piece, mais avec le monogramme ^casque. Voetter. 51 [PI. XVI., No. 4.]Le monogramme n'apparaitsur lessur lemonnaies de Tarragone,Thessalonica, Aquilee et Treves, qu'avec lalegende Virtus Exercit. et les VOT. XX des Augustes 52de 320 a 324.On le trouve a Siscia avec la legende Victorias LaetaePrinc. Perp., qui parut des Tannee 317.50Parfois un point se trouve egalement entre la lettreSIS.Publie dans 0. Voetter, Erste ChristUche Zeichen a. R.d'officine et le sigle de 1'atelier,51Miinzen, Num. Zeitschrift, 1892, p. 68.53 J. Maurice, L}Atelier monetaire de Tarragone, RevueNumismatique, 1900, p. 300.

331II n'en faudrait pas conclure que le monogramme futdes 1'annee 317 a Siscia. En effet la meme seriefrappemonetaire qui contient cette legende fut emise egalementde 320 a 324 et presente les YOT. XX des Augustesavec lalegende Virtus Exercit. II y a done tout lieu d'admettreque le monogramme parut a Siscia en meine temps quedans les autres ateliers, c'est a dire des 1'annee 320. J'aidemontre dans mon etude de Fatelier de Tarragone que1'apparition du monogrammecoincidait avec une accentuationnouvelle de la politique religieuse de Constantin. 633. Meme piece avec 1'empereur a cheval represente surle bouclier. Coll. Voetter. Madden indiquedans ' 'Christian Emblems on Coins of ConstantineI" 1'existence du monogramme sur cette54piece d'apres plusieurs sources.4. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse a gaucheavec un casque a cimier, orne de points etd'etoiles. Cohen, 638 ;Voetter.5. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Cohen, 639FK. 15068 ;3 gr. 13 ;20 m.m. ;15069 ;15083Voetter, avec J*J |TJ |s|sur 1'autel au reversegalement |^-6. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 173 ; Voetter;Musee Brera.7. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure etdrape a droite. Piece inedite. Voetter [].8. CEISPVS NOB. CAESAE. Son buste laure, drapeet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 148; FE. 15510-11.53 Id., p. 299.54Num. Chron., 1877, pp. 46, 47. Parmis

332 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.9. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Son buste laure,drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 54 ;FE.14426.10. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Busteanalogue.Cohen, 222; FE. 15823; Yoetter.II. Au revers. VICT. LAETAE PEINC. PEEP. Avecle type deja decrit.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS AVGK Cohen, 569;deja decrit ;Yoetter.2. IMP. LICINIVS AVGK Cohen, 170; deja decrit;BE. MVS. ;H. MVS. V. ;Yoetter.3. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Son buste laure et drapea droite. Cohen, 140; Yoetter; d'apres Cohen,[3 et fsl sur 1'autel.4. CONSTANTINVS IYN. NOB. 0. Son buste laureet drape a droite. Cohen, 192, dit N. C. parerreur ;collection M. Lalaune a Bordeaux.III. Au revers. YIETYS EXEECIT. Cohen, 693 ;decrit ;II. MVS. V. ; presenteS FBau reversMadden 55 indique le monogramme sur cette pieced'apres Garrucci. Je ne repeterai pas, pour les series quivont suivre, les descriptions des monnaies qui reapparaissentdans chaque serie, j'indiquerai simplement les Nos.de Cohen.Avec les exerguesTROISIEME SERIE.ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esis55Madden, foe. cit., Num. Chron., 1877, p. 53, d'apresGarrucci, Num. Const., 2 me edit., p. 240 ; egalement RevueNumismatique, 1860, p. 85.

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 333Parfois Ton trouve un point entre la lettre d'officine et1'exergue :I. Au revers. YICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.Avec le type deja decrit.Au droit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen,636 ;BE. MYS.2. Cohen, 637; BE. MYS.; Yoetter.3. Cohen, 638 ;Yoetter.4. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AVG. Cohen, 639 ;Turin.II. Au revers. YICT. LAETAE PEINC. PEEP. Memetype du revers.Au droit. 1.-CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, 569;FE. 15035; BE. MVS.2. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche avec uncasque & cimier et orne d'etoiles, tenant unehaste et un bouclier. Cohen, 570 ;FE. 15036 ;3 gr. 10; 18 m.m. ;Yoetter.3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AYG. Cohen, 572 ;FE. 15041; egalement a 1' exergue, -p Lyg ;BE. MYS.4. IMP. LICINIYS AYG. Cohen, 170; FE. 14313,sur 1'autel |H ;BE. MYS. ;Yoetter.5. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AYG. Cohen, 173;FE. 14315, sur 1'autel Q.6. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Son buste laure"et drape a droite. Cohen, 1 92, rectifie plus haut ;Yoetter ;sur 1'autel [j et [sj7. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. CAES. Mmebuste. Cohen, 191 ;FE. 15817 ;3 gr. 60 ;18m.m.8. IYL. CEISPYS. NOB. C. Cohen, 140, deja decrit ;Yoetter. -

334 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.9. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste laure et drapea droite. Cohen 51 ;FE. 14314 ;Voetter. Aurevers sur 1'autel 171 et HJ.10. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Meme buste. Pieceinedite. Voetter. Au revers sur 1'autel 171III. Au revers. CAESAEVM NOSTEOEVM. Autour de. VOTiS.V.dans le champ.Au droit. 1. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Sa tetelauree a droite. Piece inedite. Voetter.2. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Tete analogue. Pieceinedite.Voetter.3. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Tete analogue.Cohen, 35;Voetter.IV. Au revers. LICINI AVGVSTI. Autour des motsVOTIS XX, en trois lignes dans le champ.Au droit. IMP. LICINIVS AVG. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 136; Voetter.V. Au revers. CONSTANTINI AVGVSTI. Autour desmots VOTIS XX, en trois lignes dans le champ.Au dm*. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 86 ;BE. MVS. ;Voetter.Avec les exerguesQUATRIEME SERIE.ASIS* BSIS* rsis* ASIS* esis*On trouveI. Au revers. VICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.Avec le type deja decrit.Les lettres Q ou js] se trouvent frequemment surles autels dans toute cette serie ; je ne les indique quepour les pieces sur lesquelles je les ai vues.

I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE STSCIA. 335An droit. 1. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVGK Cohen,636; FE. 15062 ;BE. MVS.2. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse a droite.Variete inedite de Cohen, 636 ;Voetter.3. Meme legende. Cohen, 637 ;FE. 15054 ;sur lebouclier on voit un cavalier (1'empereur augalop) ; avec lemonogramme sur le casque >)< ;piece deja indiquee par Madden. 56 fPl. XVI.,No. 5.]4. Meme legende. Cohen, 638;Voetter.II. Au revers. VICT. LAETAE PRINC. PEEP. Avecle type deja decrit.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen, 569 ;FE. 15033-34 ; Voetter; sur 1'autel au reversparfois QJ ou |SJ.2. Meme legende. Cohen, 570; deja decrit ;FE. 15035;19 m.m. ;Voetter ; parfois sur 1'autel au revers,ous.3. Meme legende et meme type, mais tenant unehaste sans bouclier. Variete de Cohen, 570 ;Voetter.4. IMP. LICINIVS AVG. Cohen, 170; BE. MVS.5. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Cohen, 140; BE. MVS. ;Voetter.6. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste laureet drape a droite. Piece inedite. Voetter.7. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen, 51 ;FE.14424; T. ;BE. MVS.56Madden, Christian Emblems on Coins of Comtantine /, Num.Chron., 1877, p. 47. II y a deux formes du monogramme frappees% : representedegalement dans Madden, loc. cit. pi. I, No. 1, qui semble vouloirexprimer I(rycrovs), X(PUTTOS)cf.; Madden, loc. cit. p. 301 ;ensuite la forme >fc composee du X et du P qui est le monogrammeConstantinien a proprement parler et que le ColonelVoetter a deja publie et represente dans la Numism. Zeitschrift,1892, tafel II, Nos. 73, 75; voir plus haut pi. XVI,No. 4.

336 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.III. Au revers. CAESAEVM NOSTKOKVM.rAutourd'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on litVOT. Y.Audroit. 1. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. 0. Cohen 34;BE. MVS. ;FR. 15388-90 ;3 gr. 10 ;19 m.m. ;15391-93.2. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen, 31 ;BE. MVS. ;FE. 15596-97 ;3 gr. ;18 m.m.3. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen, 5 ;BE. MVS. ;FE. 14376; 3 gr. 60; 19 m.m. ;14349.IV. Au revers. CAESAEVM NOSTEOEVM. Autourd'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on litVOT. X.Audroit. 1. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Satete lauree a droite. Cohen, 38 ;BE. MVS. ;Voetter.2. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree a droite.Cohen, 44 ;H. MVS. V. ;FE. 15409 ;Voetter.V. Au revers. D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AVGKAutour d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelleon lit VOT. XX.Au dm*. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Sa tete laureedroite. Cohen, 123 ;BE. MVS.; FE. 15532-33;Voetter.VI. Au revers. D. N. LICINI AVGVSTL Autour d'unecouronne de laurier dans laquelle on litXX.VOT.Au droit.m~P. LICINIVS AVG-. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 15 ;BE, MVS. ;T. ;Voetter.On trouve au revers avec les lettres et signes suivantsla legendeVIETVS EXEECIT.SF SF S|F SIFS FASIS* B3IS* FSIS* ASIS* GSIS*

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 337SIFSI FHL, IK EL,ASIS* BSIS* rsis* ASIS* esis*J'ai donne dans les Memoires des Antiquaires deFrance* 1 les raisons pour lesquelles il etait possibleque la lettre F dans le champ du revers des monnaiesput s'interpreter comme la premiere de Fadjectif Flavianustire du gentilice Flavins des empereurs la lettre S;indiquant un adjectif comme Securitas (Flaviana).Quant au signe HJ j'en proposerai 1'explicationsuivante.Ce n'est pas la lettre H a cause du signe Lqui y est ajoute. D'ailleurs on n'y pourrait plus voir lapremiere lettre du nom de 'HpaicXr]?,car Maximien Herculeest mort depuis longtemps et Constantin et ses filsne se reclament nullement de sa descendance a Fepoqueou nous sommes arrives. II semble qu'il s'agisseicid'un chiffre grec et que ce chiffre doive s'appliquer au poidsde la monnaie. On peut remarquer en effet quele chiffreX du denier, frequent sur les pieces sorties des ateliersd'Occident, ne se retrouve pas sur les deniers de Siscia.D'autre part les chiffres les plus frequentsdans lanumeration du poids des monnaies a cette epoque sont2, 4, 8, 16. L'un de ces chiffres se trouve etre precisementle H. Or nous savons par les Metrologicorum ScriptorumReliquiae queleCbrjvaptov) Constantinianum pesequatre scripula et que 1'obole ('0^0X09), poids Romain decette epoque et plus petite unite monetaire Athenienne est58lamoitie du scripulum. a done 8 dans un denierIIyen67Memoires des Antiquaires de France, 1900, p. 99.58Hultsch, Metrologicorum Scriptorum Reliquiae, Prolegomenain Scriptores Graecos, t. i., pp. 98, 99 ; Index, t. ii.,Prolegomena in Scriptores Romanos, t. ii., p. 131.TOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Y Y

338 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.de bronze comme ceux que nous etudions. Le chiffreH = 8 se trouve des lors Justine sur les monnaies deSiscia. Mais ily faut aj outer le signe ^ applique aujambage droit de H; on peut y voir simplement le signe de1' unite ou de Tobole qui est;dans lequel cas le crochetest une deformation ou une accentuation de 1'extremite dela barre transversale ;des deformations analogues se sontproduites sur les memes pieces avec Virtus Exercit.f quiont fait voir une croix sur Tetendard du revers ou ellen'existe pas. Quant a 1'utilite* du chiffire grec,il suffitpour la prouver de remarquer que ces monnaies avaientsurtout cours en Orient et queles emissions de Siscia sontsurtout parallelesa celles d' Antioche 60 et d'Alexandrie.On trouveVII. Au revers. VIETVS EXEEOIT. Avec un Standardau pied duquel sont deux captifs, celui dedroite retournant la tete, celui de gauche ayantles mains liees derriere le dos.Au droit. 1.CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste casqueet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 693; FR. 15104;3 gr. 45; 20 m.m. ; 15123; BE. MVS. ;T.[PI, XVI., No. 6.]2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.Voetter.Cohen, 689, donne un revers different.et cuirasse3. IMP. LICINIVS AVGK Son buste casquea droite. Cohen, 188; FE. 14329 et 14331;BE. MVS.4. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.Inedite.Voetter.5. Meme piece avec lemonogramme ^ dans le champa gauche. Voetter.59Madden rapporte les temoignages des anciens auteursa cet egard dans Christian Enihlems on Coins of Constantine I ;Num. Chron., 1877, p. 257 et seq.60Voir plus haut pour Antioche.

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCTA. 339YELL Meme revers mais avec VOT. X sur 1'etendard.A* droit. 1. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a gauche tenant une haste etun bouclier. Cohen, 166; FE. 15521; 3 gr.15; 19m.m. ; 15522, 15523-24; BB. MVS.;H. MVS. V.2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et drape a droite.Piece inedite. Voetter.3. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste laureet cuirasse a gauche tenant un globe surmonted'uce victoire et un sceptre. Cohen, 246;FE. 15837, 15840 ;BE. MVS. ;T. [1. XVI,,No. 7.]4. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Son buste laure agauche avec le manteau imperial, a mi-corps,tenant un globe surmonte d'une victoire. Cohen,62 ;FE. 14433 ;BE. MVS.5. Meme legende. Son buste laure, drape et cuirasse agauche sans globe ni victoire. Piece inedite.FE. 14434. Voetter.IX. Meme revers mais avec VOT. XX sur 1'etendard, commesur les monnaies des Augustes. Ce sont eneffet les vota des Augustes qui sont frappes surles pieces des Cesars.Au droit. 1. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. C. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a gauche tenant un globe surmonted'une victoire. Cohen, 64;le monogrammeau revers ^ Voetter.;2. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et cuirassea gauche tenant une haste et un bouclier.Cohen, 169. Col. Voetter. Quelquefois danslechamp le monogramme Cohen.;3. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure etcuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. H. MVS. V.Constantin fitfrapper les signes chretiens comme lemonogramme, sur les monnaies des Licinius dans sesateliers de Siscia, de Thessalonica, etc., de meme queLicinius fit encore inscrire les l^gendes paiennes sur les

340 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.monnaies a 1'effigie de Constantin pendant cette periods de320 a 324 ou ces empereurs regnerent ensemble et en paix.On pent placer dans cette eerie a cause de son exergueet du YOT. XX qu'elle porte la piece d'or suivanteoliSX. Au revers. GAVPIVM POPVLI EOMANI. Autourd'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on lit :SIC XX, SIC XXX.Au droit. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son bustediademe et drape a droite. Cohen, 160, rectifie ;BE. MVS.Le SOLIDUS presente deja le dia metre plus grand, 22millimetres, qui distingue les piece s des dernieres anneesdu regne de Constantin.CINQUIEME SERIE.Avec les lettres d'officines, exergues, etc.SSFHL,On trouveI. Aurevers. VIBTVS EXEECIT. Avec le type dejadecrit et VOT. XX sur 1'etendard.Au droit. l.CONSTANTINYS AVG. Cohen, 693;BE. MVS. ;FE. 15111. [PI. XVI., No, 8.]2. IMP. LICINIVS AVG. Cohen, 188; deja decrit;BE. MVS.3. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.Voetter ; deja decrit.61Avec une roue a 1'exergue. Je ne compte de series dans1'emission presente qu'autant qu'ily a d' exergues differents,les lettres dans le champ et le signe ou chiffre HJ pouvantdonner lieu a des combinaisons diverses dans une memeserie.

L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 341II.Meme revers, mais avec VOT. X sur 1'etendard.Au droit. 1. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Cohen,166 ;FE. 15522 ;BE. MYS. ;H. MYS. V.2. CONSTANTINYS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen, 246 ;FE. 15838-39 ;3 gr. 20; 19 m.m.3. Variete de cette piece ou le buste ne tient pas desceptre.BE. MYS.4. LICINIYS IYN. NOB. CAES. Cohen, 62 ;BE.MYS.Avec les exerguesSIXIEME SERIE.On trouveI. Au revers. CAESAEYM NOSTEOEYM. Autourd'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle onlit YOT. X.Au droit. 1. IYL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Cohen, 44;FE. 15408; 3 gr. 55; 18 m.m. [PI. XVI.,No. 9] a 15413 ;BE. MYS. ;T.2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Cohen, 38 ;15613; 15616-17-18; BE. MYS.3. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Sa tete lauree a droite.Cohen, 34; FE. 14490-91.II. Au revers. D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AYG. Autourd'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on litYOT. XX.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, 123 ;FE.14534 ;BE. MYS.Cette serie ainsi que les deux suivantes ne contient, ama connaissance, aucune piece des deux Licinius pereet fils. De plus on n'y trouve queles YOTA X des Cesars

342 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.et non leurs VOTA V. Si ces faits sont confirmed, il enresulte que ces trois dernieres series, qui contiennentde moins nombreuses sortes de monnaies que les precedentes,ont ete frappees pendant la guerre entre Constantinet Licinius.SEPTIEME ET HUITIEME SERIES.Avec les exergues suivants qui presententet le foudre.le rameauBSIS/** TSIS^ ASIS^On trouveI. Au revers. CAESAEYM NOSTEOEYM. VOT. Xavec le type decrit.Au droit. 1. Constantin jeune. Cohen, 38; FE. 15615et BE. MVS. avec le rameau ;collection Yoetteret FE. 15612,pieces avec le foudre.2. Crispus. Cohen, 44 collection Voetter avec le;rameau ;H. MYS. Y. et Yoetter, pieces avec lefoudre. [PL XVI., No. 10.]II. Au revers.V. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AYG.YOT. XX avec le type deja decrit.Au droit. Constantin le Grand. Cohen, 123; dejadecrit ;BE. MYS. et Yoetter, pieces avec lerameau ;FE. 14535 et Yoetter, pieces avec lefoudre.MONNAIES COMMEMORATIVES.De petites pieces du type du Centenionalis commemorativesdes trois empereurs Claude le Gothique, Constance

L*ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 343Chlore pere de Constantin I et Maximien Hercule pere dela seconde femme de Constantin, Fausta, furent frappeesdans tous les ateliers de 1'empire situes dans les etats deConstantin entre les deux guerres qui eurent lieu entre cedernier et Licinius, c'est a dire de 314 et 324. 62 Mais ilest difficile de savoir a quelles annees se rapportent cesfrappes au cours de cette longue periode. Hettner et leColonel Yoetter les ont attributes a 1'annee 323. 63 LeColonel Yoetter y voit une sorte de position hostile prisepar Constantin en face de Licinius en etablissant sadescendance de Claude le Gothique avant la guerre de324. Des analogies d 'exergues avec les autres seriesmonetaires des emissions en cours en 1'annee 323 militentegalement en faveur de cette date, dont la determinationn'est toutefois pas absolument certaine. Neanmoinsles exergues frappes a Aquilee AQS et AQP*a Thessalonique TSA et TS A semblent fixer cettedate. 64 Ce qui n'est pas douteux c'est 1'intention deConstantin de s'attribuer la descendance de MaximienHercule par sa femme et de Claude leGothique par65son pere.et62 Le Colonel Yoetter 1'a demontre dans son travail AhnenmiinzenKaisers Constantins des grossen, paru dans les Mittheilungendes Clubs der Miinz- und Medaillenfreunde in Wien,1895.63T. Hettner, Romische Munzschatzfunde in den Rheinlanden,Westd. Zeitschrift fur Geschichte u. Kunst, in Trier, 1887,Jahrg. vi., p. 119. Yoetter, loc. cit.64 J. L1Maurice, atelier monetaire de Rome, Revue Numismatique,1899, p. 471.65 Un important travail de Klebs, Das dynastische Elementin der Geschichtschreibung der Rom. Kaiserzeit, paru dans laHist. Zeitochrift von Sybel, Miinchen, 1889, tome xxv.,demontre que la descendance de Claude le Gothique fut dejarevendiquee par Constance Chlore pere de Constantin, ainsi

344 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Voici pour Siscia ces pieces quele Colonel Yoetter areunies pour tous les ateliers de Pempire.ATeo sisOn trouveI. Au revers. EEQYIES OPTIMOEYM MEEITOEVM.L'empereur assis a gauche sur une chaise curule,levant la main droite et tenant un sceptre.Au droit. 1. DIYO CONSTANTIO PIO PEINCIPI.Son buste laure et voile a droite. Cohen, 253 ;Centenionalis ;Voetter.2. DIYO CLAYDIO OPTIMO. IMP. Buste analogue.Cohen, 245 Yoetter.;3. DIYO MAXIMIANO SEN. FOET. IMP. Busteanalogue ; piece inedite. Yoetter; FE. 13647;1 gr. 70 ;0-017 m.m. [PI. XVL, No. 11.]II. Au revers. EEQYIES OPTIMOE. MEEIT. Memetype.Au droit. DIYO CONSTANTIO PIO PEINC. Satete voilee a droite. Cohen, 250 ;Yoetter.HUITIEME EMISSION.Cette emission fut frappee depim le 8 Novembre 324 jusquau milieu de Pannee 326. En effet elle contient dans toutesses series, des monnaies de Constantius, qui fut elu Ce'sarle 8 Novembre 324 et d'autres de Crispus et de Fausta,qu'en temoigne la genealogie de la maison de Constanceetablie par Trebellius Pollio au commencement du regne deConstance Cesar. Le Panegyrique

L*ATELIER MONETAIKE DE SISClA. 345qui perirent le premier a la fin de Fete de 326, et rimperatriceFausta peu de temps apres Crispus. 66 De plusune courte emission fut frappee en meme temps ou aprescelle-ei et avant la mort de Crispus, dont elle renfermeencore des medailles.Les monnaies de bronze de cettecourte emission sont reduites au poids moyen de 2grammes 50 centigrammes, tandis que celles de remissionpresenteront encore le poids originel du denier de bronzede Constantin, 3 grammes 50 centigrammes. II ne futpourtant pas cree de nouvelle especeepoque, les textes n'en font aucune mention ;settlement lepoidsmonetaire a cetteon reduisitdes deniers de bronze comme on avaitplusieurs fois reduit celui des folles. 67 C'etait une consequencedes besoins du tresor a cette epoque que lesespeces monetaires fussent tou jours reduites de poids,apres avoir eu cours un certain temps. On frappa doneencore avant la mort de Crispus, que Ton peut fixer a lafin d'Aout 326,68une courte emission, composee de66 J. Maurice, IS Atelier monetaire d'Antioche, Num. Chron.,1899, p. 237.67n'y a pour s'en convaincre qu'a examiner toutes lesemissions f rappees de 306 a 317.68Eien n'est venu infirmer le temoignage 'de Zosime(Hist, ii., 29) qui dit que ce fut pendant le sejour de Constantina Eonie que perit Crispus. Mais j'aidemontre dansmon etude de T atelier d'Antioche que ce fut a la fin de cesejour. Or la premiere indication de 1'eloignement de Constantinde Eome est une loi du Code Theodosien,1.xvi.,tit. v., lex 2, qui le montre a Spolete le 25 Septembre, 326(cf. 0. Seeck, d. Zeitfolge d. Gesetze Constantins : Zeitschrift/. Rechtsgetchichte, 1889, p. 236). C'est done a la fin d'Aoutou au debut de Septembre qu'il faut placer la date de la mortde Crispus. Celle de Fausta suivit de pres (Victor, Epitome,41, 11 ; Zosime, 11, 29). 0. Seeck donne la concordanceentre la Vita Sancti Artemii (Acta Sanctorum) et I Epitomede Victor (cf. 0. Seeck, Die Verwandtenmorde Constantins d.Grossen, Zeitschrift f. Wissenschaft. Theologie, 1890, p. 67).VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Z Z

346 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.deniers de poids reduits, mais remission presente fut suspenduepeut-etre vers le mois de Juin 326.Avec les exerguesPREMIERE SERIE.ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esisOn trouveI. Au revers. PEOYIDENTIAE AYGG. Une porte decamp surmontee de deux tours au dessus une;etoile.Au droit. CONSTANTINYS AYG-. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 454 ;BE. MYS. ;FE. 14790,14792 ;Yoetter. Officines A B F.II. Au revers. PEOYIDENTIAE CAESS. Avec le memetype.Au droit. 1. IYL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Sa tete laureea droite. Cohen, 120; BE. MYS.; Yoetter.Officines A et e.2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 163; BE. MYS.; Yoetter.Officine 6.3. FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son buste laure,drape et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, 167; FE.16232; BE. MYS.; T. ;Yoetter. Officines Aet G.III. Au revers. SECYEITAS EEIPYBLICE. La Securitevoilee, debout a gauche, tenant un rameaubaisse et soutenant sa robe.Au droit. FL. HELENA AYGYSTA. Son bustecoiffe en cheveux et avec le diademe et drapea droite, portant un collier de perles. Cohen,12 et 13 ;FE. 13865-67. Musee Brera. Officinesr e. [PL xvi., NO. 12.]

as. 69 MAX. FAVSTA AVG. Son busteL*ATELIER MONETA1RE DE SISCIA. 347IV. Au revers. SPES EEIPVBLTCAE. L'imperatricedebout a gauche tenant deux enfantsdans sescoiffe en cheveux et drape a droite. Cohen, 1 5 ;FE. 15326-15328; 3 gr. 40; 18 m.m. ;BE.MVS. ;Voetter. Officines A B A.Les legendes Providentiae Augg. et Securitas Reipublicen'ont etc*frappees a Siscia sur les monnaies deConstantin et de Helene qu'apres la guerre de 324 etFelevation de Constance II Cesar quand Ton emit lesmonnaies de ce dernier prince et celles de FaustaAugusta.DEUXIEME SERIE.Avec les exerguesASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esisOn trouveI. Au revers. PEOVIDENTIAE AYGG. Porte de campsurmontee de deux tours ;au dessus une etoile.Au droit. CONSTANTINVS AYG. Cohen, 454;Yoetter.II. Au revers. PEOVIDENTIAE CAESS. Avec le memetype.69Les enfants ne representent pas ceux de Fausta, maissont seulement 1'embleme de la fecondite de 1'imperatrice etde 1'esperance de 1'empire. En effet Constant I, ne en 320 ou-322, aurait bien ete un jeune enfant de 324 a 326, mais ConstantiusII, ne en 317, aurait eu 7 ans en 324 et 9 ans en 326.II est impossible qu'on 1'ait encore represerite a cette epoquecomme un enfant porte dans les bras de sa mere.

348 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Audroit. 1. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. 0. Cohen, 120;Voetter.2. CONSTANTINVS IYN. NOB. C. Cohen, 163;FE. 15764.3. FL. IVL. CONSTANTIVS NOB. C. Cohen, 167;Voetter.III. Au revers. SECVEITAS KEIPVBLICE. Avec le typedeja decrit.Au droit.J?L. HELENA AYGVSTA. Cohen, 12 et13; FE. 13867.IV. Au revers. SPES EEIPVBLICAE. Avec le type dejadecrit.Audroit. FLAV. MAX. FAVSTA AVG. Cohen,15; BE.MVS.Les Vota XX de Constantin le Grand et les Vota Xdes Cesars qui out deja etc f rappeesde 320 a 324 semontrent encore dans cette emission dans les seriessuivantes.qu'en 326 ;Ces Vota ne furent en effet accomplis (soluta)70 a partir de cette date Constantin ne compteraplus que ses Vota XXX, qui sont deja f rappeesanterieurement par anticipation.Avec les exerguesTROISIEME SERIE.ASISQ BSISQ FSISQ ASISQ 6SISQ7En effet Constantin ne fut proclame Imperatcr par sestroupes que le 25 Juillet 306.Voir sur la frappe des Vota par anticipationmon articleeur 1' atelier de Eome; Revue Numismatiaue, 1899, p. 476 et485.

L'ATELIER MOXETAIRE DE SISCIA." 349On trouveI. Au revers. D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AVG. Autourd'une couronne de laurier, dans laquelleVOT. XX.on litAu droit. CONSTANTINV8 AVG. Sa tete lauree adroite. Cohen, 123 ;FE. 14531 ;Voetter.II. Au revers. CAESAEYM NOSTEOEVM. Autour d'unecouronne de laurier, dans laquelle on litVOT. X.Au droit. 1. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Sa tetelauree a droite. Cohen, 44 ; Voetter.2. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Tete analogue;Cohen, 38 ;Voetter. 71III. Au revers. PEOVIDENTIAE AVGG. Avec le typedeja decrit.Au droit. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen, 454.IV. Au revers. PEOVIDENTIAE CAESS. Avec le typedeja decrit.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen,163; Voetter.2. FL. IVL. CONSTANTIVS NOB. C. Cohen, 167;Voetter.3. Je n'ai pas vu la piece de Crispus ; Cohen, 120; quiexiste certainement dans cette serie.V. Au revers. SECVEITAS EEIPVBLICE. Type dejadecrit.71Je n'ai pas trouve de piece analogue de Constantius ;peut etre n'a-t-on pas frappe les Vota sur ses monnaies a cetteepoque, ce prince n'ayant ete Cesar qu'en Novembre 324.inscrire sur ses monnaies les Vota X de sesOn aurait pucoregents. Mais iln'y a pas de regie fixe a cet egard parfoisles empereurs portent les chiifres des Vota de : leurscoregents ; parfois ils ne les portent pas.

350 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Au droit.F'L. HELENA AVGVSTA. Cohen,13; Yoetter.12 etVI. Au revers. SPES EEIPVPLICAE. Type deja decrit.Audroit.-FLA.~V. MAX. FAVSTA AYG. Cohen, 15;Yoetter.QUATRIEME SERIE.Avec les exerguesLOn trouveI. Au revers. D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AYG. Couronnede laurier, YOT. XX.Au droiL CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, 123.II. Au revers. CAESAEYM NOSTEOEYM. Couronne delaurier, YOT. X.Audroit. 1. IYL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Cohen, 44;BE. MYS. ;H. MYS. Y.2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB, C. Cohen, 38 BE.";MYS. ;H. MYS. Y. ;FE. 15614.III. Au revers. PEOYIDENTIAE AYGG. Type decrit.Audroit. 1. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, 454;FE. 14788, 14791 ;3 gr. 31 ;18 m.m.2. CONSTANTINYS MAX. AYG. Son buste diademeet drape a droite. Cohen, 458 ;Yoetter.IY. Au revers. PEOYIDENTIAE CAESS. Type decrit.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Cohen,163; BE. MYS; FE. 15765; Yoetter.

''3512. FL. IVL. CONSTANT1VS NOB. 0. Cohen, 167 ;FB. 16231; 3 gr. 50; 18 m.m. ; 16233; BE,MVS. ;Voetter. [PI. XVI., No. 14.]3. Crispus, No. 120 de Cohen, doit se placer ici.V. Au revers. SECVBITAS EEIPVBLICE. Typedecrit.Au droit. FL. HELENA AVGVSTA. Cohen, 12 et13; BE. MVS. ;FE. 13868; Voetter.NEUVIEME EMISSION.Cette emission, frappee pendant Vtte de 326, anterieurementa la mort de Crispus, comprend un petit nombre depieces de Pespece du denier de bronze, mais reduites aupoids de 2 grammes 50 et quelques pieces de 1'espece duCentenionalis. Posterieure probablement a la huitiemeemission, puisque ses deniers de bronze sont une reductionde ceux de cette emission, elle est au contraireanterieure a la mort de Crispus, dont elle contient despieces et par suite au depart de Constantin de Eome,qui eut lieu au debut de Septembre apres cette mort.Le petit nombre des monnaies de cette emission fait presumerqu'elle dura peu de temps.sontPREMIERE SERIE DENIERS DE BRONZE.Les signes dans lechamp du revers, quand il y en a,places au dessus des noms d'empereurs, 1'exergue endessous.On trouveQI. Avec^Au revers. CONSTANTINVS AVG. En trois lignesdans le champ.Au droU.S-ans legende. Tete lauree de Constantin Ia droite.Cohen, 110; Voetter.

352 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.On trouveII.Avec 1'exergue esisAu revere. CEISPYS CAESAE. En deux lignes dansle champ.Au droit. Sans legende. Buste de Crispus laure,drape et cuirasse a gauche.60 ;Voetter.Variete de CohenIII.Avec le meme exergueAu m-*ro. CONSTANTIYS CAESAE. En trois lignesdans le champ.Au droit. Sans legende. Son buste laure, drape etcuirasse a gauche. Cohen, 20 jYoetter.IV. AvecAu revers. CONSTANTINYS CAESAE. En troislignes dans le champ.Au droit. Sans legende. Son buste laure, drape etcuirasse a gauche. Cohen, 83 ;Yoetter.DEUXIEME SERIE,Pieces de 1'especedu Centenionalis avec 1'etoile dansle champ et 1'exergue suivant : -On trouvefelbI. Au revers. CONSTANTINYS CAESAE. En troislignes dans le champ.Au droit. Sans legende. Son buste laure, ou diademe,drape et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, 86 ;FE.14655; 1 gr. 30 ;16 m.m. ;H. MYS. Y.II. Au revers.- CEISPYS CAESAE.le champ.En deux lignes dansAu droit. Son buste diademe et cuirasse a droite.Cohen, 60 ; FE.

I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 353-Avec Pexergue on;blOtrouve la piece d'or suivante.IIL AH revers. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Victoire marchanta gauche tenant une palme et une couronne.Au droit. Buste diademe de Constantin I a droite,sans legende. Cohen, 97 ;H. MYS. V.Une piece toute semblable, a part la difference d'exergue,a ete frappee a Constantinople, et d'autres a Tarragonede 324 a 326, date de fermeture de 1'ateller deTarragone.DIXIEME EMISSION.A partir du mois de Septembre 326, I'atelierde Sisciaresta longtemps ferine. En effet ses frappes cesserentavec 1'apparition des dernieres pieces de Crispus et deFausta ;et lorsque de nouvelles series monetaires sortirentde ses officines, elles contenaient des monnaies de Constans Ielu Cesar le 25 Decembre 333. Pendant le temps oilcet atelier etait ferme, Constantinopleavait ete solennellementconsacree comme capitale de P empire par lesfetes de 1'inauguration le 11 Mai 330 ;72 et depuis cette" Grallicano et Symmacho,72Idat. de Fast. :His conss. dedicataest Constantinopolis die V Idus Maias," confirme par leChronicon Paschale, Hesych. Miles., Cassiodore, qui place cettededicace dans la 24 annee de Constantin.II ne faut pas confondre 1' inauguration ou la dedicace de laville avec 1'epoque ou elle regut le nom de Constantinopolis. LeColonel 0. Yoetter a demontre que la ville portait leConstantinopolis qui etait frappe sur les exerguesnom dedes monnaiesdepuis I' annee 326 (0. Voetter, Munzen d.GO.N oKaiserinnen Fausta und Helena, Numism. Gesellschaft in Wien,24 Nov. 1897). J'ai pu meme reporter a 1* annee 324 ce baptemede Constantinople, mais 1'inauguration fut faite avec unegrande solennite le 1 1 Mai 330 et ce fut a partir de Tinaugurationque la legende Constantinopolis fut frappee avec I'efngiede la ville au droit des monnaies.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. 3 A

354 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Idate les legendes Urbs Roma et Constant inopolis etaientfrappees au droit des monnaies, comme le prouvent lesEmissions de Rome, d' Aries, de Treves, 73 aussi ces legendesse montrent dans la premiere emission qui recommenca aetre frappee a Siscia en 333.Les monnaies de bronze decette emission sont des deniers de la variet reduite ades poids ne depassant pas 2 grammes 50 c. ; qui avaitdeja e"te frappee en 326.Cette dixieme emission fut done frappeeentre V election deConstant Cesar le 25 Decembre 333 et celle de Delmatius,elu Cesar lelS Decembre 335, dont les monnaies riy paraissentpas encore.Avec les exerguesASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esisOn trouveI. Au revert. GLOEIA EXEECITVS. Deux soldatsdebout, casques, chacun tenant une haste etappuyant sur un bouclier, entre eux deux enseignesmilitaires surmontes de drapeaux ornesde couronnes.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINVS MAX. AVGK Sonbuste diademe, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen,73Cf. 1. J. Maurice, L* Atelier monetaire de Rome, RevueNumismatique, 1899, pp. 338 et 461 et seq.2. 0. Voetter, JSrste christliche Zeichen auf romischenMunzen.3. Numis. Zeitschrift, 1892, tableau de Fatelier d'Arles;T. Hettner, Romische Miinzschatzfunde in den Rheinlanden,TPestdeutsche Zeitschrift f. Gesch. u. Kimst, 1888, Jahrg. vii., p.123.

I/ATELIER MON&TAIRE DE SISCIA. 355254; FE. 14623 ;2 gr. 40 ;18 m.m. ;BE. MYS. ;Voetter. Officines A et B. [PI. XVI., No. 15.]2. FL. IVL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 104; BE.MYS.; FE. 16183; 2 gr. 25; 18 m.m.;Yoetter. Officines A T A 6.3. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Son buste laureet cuirasse a droite. FE. 15690; 2 gr. 15 ;18m.m. ;BE. MYS. Yoetter. Officines A et G.4. FL. CONSTANTIS BEA. C. Son buste laure etdrape a droite. Cohen, 48 de Constant I ;FE.15967 ;2 gr. Officine F.II. Au revers. Sans legende. Victoire debout a gauche,mettant le pied sur une proue de vaisseau, tenantun sceptre transversal et appuyee sur unbouclier.Au droit. CONSTANTINOPOLIS. Buste de Constantinopleou de f emme, casque a gauche, avecle casque laure et le manteau imperial, tenantun sceptre. Cohen, 21 ;FE. 15178 ;2 gr. 50 ;18 m.m. Yoetter. Officines A et B. [PL XVI.,No. 16.]III. Au revers. Sans legende. La Louve a gauche allaitantEomulus et Eemus et les regardant ;audessus deux etoiles.Au droit. YEBS EOMA. Buste de Eome a gaucheavec une aigrette sur le casque et le manteauimperial. Cohen, 18; BE. MYS.; Yoetter.Omcinea A et B. 74La piece d'argent suivante de Constant I, elu Cesar le25 Decembre 333, fut probablement frappee au cours decette emission, avec SIS74 J'ai indique les lettres d'omcines pour la premiere serie debte emission, ainsi que je 1'avais deja fait pour ]' emission preer1' attribution de certaines pieces a certainesomcines.

356 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.On trouveIY. Au r&vers. YICTOEIA CAESAEYM. Yictoire marclianta gauche tenant une eonronne et unepalme.Au droit.F~L. CONSTANS NOB. CAES. Son busteet cuirasse a droite. H. MYS. Y.laure, drape12999 ;piece d'argent inedite, 17 millimetres dediametre, piece de 1'espece du 96me de la livred'argent.Constantin intervint dans les demeles des Goths et desSarmates en 334. 75Mais les legendes et le type de la Yictoiref urent tres frequemment f rappes sans raison specialependant toute la fin du regne de Constantin.ONZIEME EMISSION.Cette derniere emission fut frappee depuisr elevation deLelmatius Cesar le IS Septembre 335 76 jusqu' d la mort deConstantin le Grand survenue au mois de Mai 337. 77En effet on trouve dans toutes ces series des mommies75Hieronymus, 250 ii., ; Anonymus Valesii, 6, 32.76 tfIdat. de Fast., Constantino (id est Constantio) et Albino.His conss. tricennalia edidit Constantinus Aug. (ces fetesetaient celebrees deux annees de suite, en 335 et 336) YIIIKal. Aug. et levatus est Delmatius Caesar XIY Kal. Oct."Athanase, Contra Arianos, tome i, p. 782, Kalcrapa avrjyopevo-evTrpoiy' KaXav8o>v oKrw/SptW. Anonymus Valesii, vi, 35.77 IS Epitome de Yictor dit qu'il a regne trente ans, (Epit.61). Tous les auteurs le font mourir pendant les preparatifsd'une guerre contre les Perses ^Eutrope, x, 8 ;I' AnonymusValesii, vi, 35, disent qu'il a regne 31 ans. II a exactementregne 30 ans et 10 mois (0. Seeck, D. Verwandtenmorde ConstantinsGrossen, p. 69). Le Chronicon Paschale, p. 286 etEusebe, Vita Comtantini, i,7-8 et iv, 63, indiquent lemois desa mort, mois de Mai. L'annee est donnee par les Fastesd'Idace, le Chronicon Pasch.; la chronologie de St. Jerome.Cf. Clinton, Fasti Romani, 337.

L*ATELIER MONETA1RE DE SISCIA. 857deDelraatius et jusqu'a la fin de 1'emission on frappa lespieces de Constantin Auguste.Les monnaies de bronze de cette emission sont de deuxespeces. La plus grande est le denier de poids reduitdont il a dejaete'question et qui fut frappe a Sisciajusqu'a la mort de Constantin en 337 la seconde est le;Centenionalis, petite monnaie de bronze du poids moyende 1 gramme 75 c. sous Constantin, 78 de 0,01 6 de diametre.Suivant une regie qui semble constante a cette Epoque,on ne trouve pas les memes exergues sur des monnaiesd'especes differentes frappees a la meme epoque ;aussi estilfacile de distinguer le denier de poids reduit du Centenionalis.PREMIERE SERIE.Les monnaies de cette serie sont de Tespece du denierde bronze avec les exerguesASIS- -BSIS- -rsis- -ASIS- -esis-On trouveI. Au revers. GLOEIA EXEECITY8.Avec le type dejadecrit dans 1'emission^precedente, avec deuxetendards ou enseignes militaires.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINV8 MAX. AVG. Sonbuste diademe, drape et cuirasse a droite ousimplement drape. Cohen, 254;FE. 14629 ;BE. MVS. ;H. MVS. V. ;Voetter.78Le Centenionalis n'a pas echappe a la regie constante dereduction de poids des monnaies de cette epoque. SousDiocletien et au debut du regne de Constantin les poids desCentenionales oscillaient entre 2 gr, 40 et 1 gr. 10 exceptionellement.

358 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.2. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste laureet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 122; FB. 15691 ;2 gr. 35 ;0-018 m. de diametre.3. FL. TVL. CONSTANTIVS NOB. C. Son bustelaure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 104 ;FE.16182, 16184; 2 gr. 75 ;18 m.m. ;BE. MVS.4. FL. CONSTANTIS BEA. C. Son buste laure, drape,ou drape et cuirasse a droite. Voetter; BE.MYS. ;variete de Cohen, 73.5. FL. DELMATIYS NOB. C. Son buste laure etdrape a droite. Cohen, 12; BE. MVS.;Yoetter; T.II. Au revers. Sans legende. Victoire debout a gauche,mettant le pied sur une proue de vaisseau,tenant un sceptre transversal et appuyee sur unbouclier.Au droit. CONSTANTINOPOLIS. Cohen 21, dejadecrit ;BE. MVS. ;Voetter.III. Au revers. Sans legende. Le type de la Louve dejadecrit avec Eomulus et Eemus et deux etoiles.Au droit.VRBS EOMA. Cohen 18, deja decrit; FE.15237; 2 gr. 30; 15239, 2 gr. 60; BE. MVS.;Voetter. [PI. XVI., No. 17.]DEUXIEME SERIE.Les monnaies de bronze de cette serie sont de 1'especedu Centenionalis.Avec les exergues'ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esisOn trouveI. Au revers. GLOEIA EXEECITVS. Deux soldatscasques, debout, tenant chacun une haste et

I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 359appuyes sur un bouclier entre eux une seule;enseigne militaire surmontee d'un drapeau surlequel est une couronne.Au droit. 1. CONSTANTINYS MAX. AYG. Sonbuste diademe et drape a droite. Cohen, 256 ;BE. MVS. ;Yoetter. Officines A et 6.2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Son buste laureet cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 114; FE. 15672 ;1 gr. 90; BE. MVS.; Voetter. Officine 6. [PLXVI, ?No. 18.]3. FL. IVL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son buste Iaur6et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 92; 16139-41; 1gr. 20 ;BE. MYS. ;Yoetter. Officine A Br A.4. FL. CONSTANTIS BEA. C. Son buste laure etdrape a droite. Cohen, 48; FE. 15916; 1 gr.70 ;17 m.m. ;15918. Officines A B Y A.5. FL. DELMATIYS NOB. C. Son buste laure et cuirassea droite. Cohen, 4 ;BE. MYS. Officine A.6. FL. IYL. CONSTANS NOB. C. Son buste diademeet drape a droite. T. avec le monogramme ^au revers. Le Catalogue Fabretti du musee deTurin, No. 9,172, indique seulement 1'exergueSISLe petit bronze suivant se trouve decrit dans Tanini,supplement a Banduri, Numism. Imp. Rom., p. 286,avec 1'exergue -j- egalement.I. Au revers. SECYEITAS PYBL1CA. L'Euphrate ademi-nu, couche a droite, s'appuyant d'une mainsur un sceptre ou aviron, a son cdte gauche sedresse un roseau.Au droit. FL. HANNIBALLIANNO EEGI. Sonbuste, tete nue et tourne a gauche, les epaulesdrapees. Yatican. 7979Hanniballien fut eleve a la dignite de roi de Pont parConstantin apres que Delmatiusfut fait Cesar le 15 Septembre335. Cf. Athanase, Contra Arianos, tome i, p. 782 ; AnonymusValesii, vi, 35 Idat. de Fast.;

360 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Les pieces d'or suivantes se ran gent dans cette serie enraison de leur exergue et de la presence des pieces deDelmatius, avec Texergue ^ On trouvebibII. Au revers. PEINOIPI IYYENTYTIS. Constancedebout a gauche tenant un etendard et unsceptre, a droite deux enseignes militaires.Au droit. 1. FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Sonbuste diademe et drape a droite. Cohen, 162 ;H. MYS. V. Solidus.Meme revers, mais le prince debout de face regardant agauche.2. Son buste laure et cuirasse & droite. Cohen 165; collectionP. d'Ameoourt. Solidus.Meme revers qu'au No. II.3. EL. CONSTANTIS BEA. CAES. Son buste laure,drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 92 ;FE.Solidus.III. Meme legende. Delmace debout en habit militaire,tenant une haste transversale et un globe.Au droit. FL. DELMATIYS NOB. C. Son bustelaure et drape a droite. Cohen,M. Eollin.16. Solidus.Les pieces d'or frappees pendantles dernieres anneesde Constantin ay ant le diametre de 22 millimetres,se distingnent facilement des pieces frappees pendant lale memepins grande partie de son regne, quoiqu'ayantpoids moyen 4 grammes 50 c. et etant de 1'espece duSOLIDUS.C'est ce qni permet de placer les pieces suivantesdans cette emission. Avec Fexergue-bibIY. Au revers. YICTOEIA CONSTANTINI AYG. Yictoireaseise a droite tenant un bouclier surlequel on lit YOT. XXX; derriere elle unecuirasse et un bouclier.

L'ATELIER MON^TAIRE DE SISCTA. 361Au droit. CONSTANTINYS MAX. AYG. Son bustediademe et drape a droite. Cohen, 611; FE.1543 ;4 gr. 40 ; 0,022 m.m.V. Meme legende. Meme type, mais la Yictoire ecrivantles YOT. XXX. sur un bouclier que lui presenteun genie.Meme droit. Inedite. Musee Brera, Milan. Meme diametre.Le meme exerguer se retrouve sur la monnaiefeiyd'argent suivante de 1'espece du 96me a la livre d'argent 80qui fut frappee a la fin du regne de Constantin, car despieces analogues continue rent a paraitre sous les regnesdes fils de Constantin.CONSTANTIYS CAESAE. Quatre enseignesYI. Au revers.militaires dans le champ.Au droit. FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Sonbuste laure, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen,17; 3 gr. 68 a 3gr.-25; FE.Avec les exerguesTROISIEME SERIE.ASIS* BSIS* rsis* ASIS* esis*On trouveI. Au revers. GLOEIA EXEECITYS. Avec une seuleenseigne militaire ;type qui vient d'etre decrit.80Pendant que ce travail etait en cours, Monsieur Babelon aelucide le problerne de la determination des especes monetairessous le bas empire ;cf. E. Babelon, La Silique,le Sou et leDenier: Journal, des Savants, Paris, fevrier, 1901. Le Millarense,piece d'argent etalon sous Constantin, est le 72me ala livre, pesant 4 grammes 55 c. en moyenne, aj^ant un modulede 23 a 24 millimetres. Ce n'est que sous Heraclius (610 a614) que la 96 me partie de la livre deviendra le poids du/MtXtap^trioi/ byzantin. Toutefois le 72 me et le 96 me a la livresont frappes simultanement sous Constantin.VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. 3 B

362 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Au droit. 1. CONSTANT1NYS MAX. AYG. Sonbuste diademe et drape ou laure et drape adroite. Cohen, 250 ;BE. MYS. ;H. MYS. Y. ;Yoetter.2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Cohen, 114;BE, MYS. ;Yoetter.3. FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Cohen, 92 ;16138; Yoetter.4. FL. CONSTANTIS BEA. C. Cohen, 48; FE.15917; BE. MYS.5. FL. DELMATIYS NOB. C. Cohen, 4; FE. 15550;1 gr. 70 ; 0,017 m.m.[PI. XVI., No. 19.]Toutes ces pieces ont dejaete* de*crites.On peut aj outer a la suite de ces pieces le medaillond'or suivant, qui en raison du type du droit avec la t6tediademe*e se classe parmi les medaillons frappes pendant lesdernieres annees du regne de Constantin.Au revers. GLOEIA CONSTANTINI AYG. Constantincasque et en habit militaire marchant adroite, trainant un barbare par les cheveux,portant un trophee, et lan^ant un coup de pieda un captif barbu assis devant lui les mainsliees derriere le dos et retournant la tete.Au droit. Tete diademee de Constantin a droite, sanslegende. Cohen, 337 ;FE. 80 A 6; gr. 34 ;025 m.m.Les exergues ASIS^*. a GSIS^attribues a Constantin II Auguste.semblent devoirJULES MAURICE.

MISCELLANEA.BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON GREEKNUMISMATICS.(Continued from Vol. XIX., p. 262.)References in [] are those which I have not been able to consult myself.Spain.KINGS AND PEOPLES.BAESURIS. Monn. de B: R. Mowat, Archeol. Portugu., v.(1900), 17-24.EMPORIUM. Human-headed bull: L. Heuzey, Mon. Piot,vi., 124.Gaul.SEGUSIAVI. Hercules and Telesphorus: S. Reinach, R. Arch.,35 (1899), 57.Italy.HERACLEA. Cross-headed object (at H. and Metapontum)identified with groma H. Schone, Arch. : Anz., 1899,131 ;H. von Fritze, ibid. 182. 1METAPONTUM. Form of barley (wide-eared, six-rowed, Hordeumhexastichum] ;on Cunobelin's coins of Camulodunum,the wide-eared, two-rowed h. zeocrithum isrepresented. J. M. H. Munro and E. S. Beaven, Journ..R. Agric. Soc., ser. iii., vol. xi., part ii. (1900), pp. 14,15 (of reprint). Acheloos as horned human figure:A. Mahler, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 78.1In this identification the evidence of the cross-headed torch on S.Italian vases has surely been underrated.

364 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.TAEENTUM. Dioskuri: E. Petersen, Rom Mitth., 1900,47.Dolphin-rider and horseman types, ibid., 48 f. Anabatestype M. Yassits, Oesterr. Jahresh., : iii., 174. Seatwith cushions (Imhoof, Monn. Gr., Nos. 3, 4): H. vonFritze, Rh. Mus., 55 (1900), 603. See also Metrology.TEKINA. Nike F. :Studniczka, Neue Jahrb., i., 387, 397.Sicily.GELA. EuySota (Millingen, Rec., 82), should be EJI/O///O,: P.Orsi, Rom. Mitth., 1898, 306.MESSANA. Hadranos :'ls. Levy, R. Arch., 34 (1899), 277.SELINUS. Herakles and Acheloos : A. Mahler, Oesterr.Macedon.Jahresh., ii., 78.SYRACUSE. Arethusa on Kimon's coins ;female head onother fifth-century coins : 0. Puchstein, Kiepert Festschr.,202. Female heads on the older coins of Syracuse: C. Joergensen, Festskr. til J. L. Ussing, 117-143 (Danish, with abstr. in German).URANOPOLIS. Aphrodite Ourania : S. A. Xanthoudides, 'E0.ApX ., 1900, 33.JREGES. ALEXANDER III. See below, Portraiture.DEMETRIUS POL. Nike on prow : F. Studniczka, NeueJahrb., i., 400.PAEONIA. LYCCEIUS. Form of name: H. Hirt, KiepertFestschr., 184.Thrace.MESEMBRIA. Helmet with transverse crest : M. Vassits,Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., 176.ODESSUS. Thracian rider :Babelon, C. R. de VAc. d. Inscr.,1900, 365.IMBROS. Name on coins : E. Oberhummer, Kiepert Festschr.,282. Coins of Athenian kleruchs, 294. Types, 301 f.Dacia and Moesia.H. v. Fritze, Berl. Phil. Woch., 1900, 979-992, rev. of Pick'swork. Dates of Aemilianus and Decius on Dacian coins :N. Vulic, Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., Beibl. 96.YIMINACIUM. Philip jun. made Augustus between October246 and August, 247. N. Vulic, Oesterr. Jahresh., iii.,Beibl. 95.

MISCELLANEA. 365Thessaly.CRANNON. Sacred vessel on car : A. Furtwangler, Munch.Sitzgber., 1899 (ii.), 429, 480.Illyris.DYERHACHIUM.Graces (uva duracina) as symbol : Th.Reinach, R. d. Et. Gr., 1899, 51.Phocis.DELPHI. Dolphins as city arms on proxenia inscr : B. C. H.,Attica.xxiii., 350. Same type on Theran inscr. of proxenia.Homolle doubts whether the dolphins refer to Delphiand not rather to Pellene, ibid., 377.ATHENS. Tetradrachm of Antiochus : M. Holleaux, R. d.t.Gr., 1900, 273. Athena-Hygieia : H. B. Walters,J..H. 8., xix., 167. Athena (Imhoof-Gardner, AA vii.):E. A. Gardner, J. H. 5., xix., 10. Athena Promachos (?):P. Hermann, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 170. Contest betweenAthena and Poseidon : A. de Bidder, R. Arch., 32(1898), 410, 411. Theseus raising the stone: Arch.Anz., 1899, 201. See also Metrology.Megaris.MEGARA. Apollo, Artemis, and Leto : K. Kourouniotes,Corinthia.'E0. 'A PX ., 1900, 14, 16.CORINTH. Ino and Melicertes, Leucothea :Correra, Studi eAchaia.Mater., i., 76 f. Lechaion and Kenchreai : K. Wernicke,Arch. Anz., 1899, 200.PATRAE. Busts of Octavia and Antonia on cornuacopiae:H. Graillot, R. Arch., 37 (1900), 235.PELLENE. Monogram |"E on Delphian decrees concerningPellenians : Th. Homolle, B. C. H., 23, 374.Elis.ELIS. Eagle-type: Milani, Studi e Mater., i.,16. Nike:F. Studniczka, Neue Jahrb., i., 888, 397. Hera : A.Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzyber., 1899 (ii.), 5b4. Aphroditeon goat: A. de Ridder, Mon. Plot, iv., 81 ;A.Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzgber., 1899 (ii.),590.PISA. -Date of gold coins : B. Niese, Hermes, 1899, 523.

366 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Laconia.GYTHIUM. Coin found at Basra : P. Perdrizet, R. Arch., 85(1899) 48.Argolis.ARGOS. Hera : A. Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzgbcr., 1899 (ii.),584. Ch. Waldstein, J. H. 8., xx., p. xxxv.Arcadia.Female head on earliest coins (similar style at Corinth,Cnidus, Syracuse) : A. Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzgber.,1899 (ii.), 581, 582. Monogram on Delphian decreeof proxenia for an Arcadian : Homolle, B. 0. H., 23,376.HERAEA. Head on earliest coins A. :Furtwangler, Munch.Sitzgber., 1899 (ii.), 581. H., Orchomenos and Pheneosas members of the league: B. Niese, Hermes, 1899, 521.PSOPHIS. Form ^ for i/r : W. Arkwright, Oesterr. Jahresh.,ii., 72.STYMPHALUS. Head of Artemis : A. de Bidder, Mon. Plot,iv., 89, 90.Crete.CNOSSUS. Head of Aphrodite : A. de Ridder, Mon. Piot,iv., 89. Minotaur: A. Taramelli, Mon. Ant., p. 883.DICTYNNA (Trajan). Nymph with infant Zeus and twoCuretes :Milani, Studi e Mater., i., 8, note 28.HIERAPYTNA. Eagle and palm-tree of Rhea Milani, : /. c., 12.ITANUS. "AAtos yeptoj/and serpents:Milani, I. c., 15.PHAESTUS. Herakles, tethered bull, &c. :Milani, L c., 25.PRAESUS. Zeus suckled by cow; Herakles slaying monsters,and other types:Milani, I. c., 22-24.PRIANSUS. Head of Aphrodite A. de Ridder, Mon. : Piot,iv., 89.RHAUCUS. Poseidon, trident, dolphins: A. Taramelli, Mon.Ant., 9, 321.PROVINCE. Zo)s Kp^rayci/^s and Tav ~KprjTayv(]s:Milani,I. c., 17, note 61.Pontus.NLOCAESAREA. Personification of Koinon and Metropolis:J. G. C. Anderson, J. H. 8., xx.. 155.

MISCELLANEA. 367Bithynia.NlCAEA. Trpurrot TT/S cTrap^c/as : Korte, Ath. Mitth., 1899,401. Dionysos as founder, ibid., 403.Galatia.AMYNTAS. Genuineness of gold coins : Weil, Berl.Phil. Woch.1899, 1198.Cappadocia.OROPHERNES. The coins found at Priene :Weil, I. c.,1198 f.CAESAREA. H. Riggauer, Munch. Sitzgber., 1898 (ii.), 465,corrects his previous descriptions, ibid., 1897 (ii.) 523 f.Mysia.CYZICUS. Kybele on lion : Milani, I. c., 7, note 26, 53. K6py^ujTcipa, ibid., 54.PERGAMUM. Female Prytanis: Conze und Schuchhardt,Ath. Mitth., 1899, 167.PERPERENE. Coin found at Kosak :ibid., 147.Troas.CEBREN. Restoration as Antiochia: W. Judeich, KiepertFestschr., 239, note 1.SCEPSIS. W. Judeich, Kiepert Festschr., 229 f . : R. Scamander;M coins with 2*:a. not Scamandrian ;coinsIonia.with Nc and N = Nea KW/X>;? ;various types (hornedDionysos, Pegasos, nymph Ide, Serapis, Aeneas, &c.) ;strategos and other magistrates.COLOPHON. Strategos chief magistrate. B. Haussoullier, R.de Phil., 1898, 265.EPHESUS. Palm-tree : J. Bohlau, Ath. Mitth., 1900, 94.Name Arsinoeia : C. Fredrich, ibid., 104.HERACLEA. Cult of Athena, and types at Priene, Lebedos,Clazomenae, Naulochus : B. Haussoullier, R. de Phil.,1899, 281.MILETUS. Magistrate 'Apto-TOKpar^s : C. Fredrich, Ath.Mitth., 1900, 104. Did Ptolemy II strike at M. ? : B.Haussoullier, R. de Phil., 1900, 823. Ti (Claudius)Damas :ibid., 1899, 315. Didymeion on coins ofCaligula: ibid., 21, 161.SMYRNA. L. Venuleius Apronianus, procos.: Th. Mommsen,Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., 2.

368 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Caria.ALABANDA. Under name Antiochia : M. Holleaux, R. d. fit.Gr., 1899, 351, 358; W. R. Paton, Class. Rev., 1899,319, 320.APHKODISIAS. Aphrodite : A. Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzgber.,1899 (ii.), 605; cf. S. A. Xanthoudides, 'E0. 'ApX .,1900, 83. TrpwTos apX wv Is. Levy, R. d. fit. Gr., 1899,:264. See also Myra.BARGASA. Provenance of coins : W. R. Paton, J. H. S. txx., 60.CHALCETOR. Attribution of XA coins (Class. Rev., 1895,p. 188, cp. B. M. Catal., Caria, p. xlv. and 79) is doubtful: G. Cousin, B. 0. H., 22 (1898), 375.CNIDUS. Aphrodite head : A. de Ridder, Mon. Piot, iv., 92 ;L. Savignoni, Mon. Ant., 8, 84.EUROMUS. Duration of E.'s absorption in Mylasa : G.Cousin, B. C. H., 22 (1898), 438.Cos. Head of Herakles with features of Maussollus : J. Six,Horn. Mitth., 1899, 81 f.Phrygia.ACCILAEUM. J. G. C. Anderson, J. H. S., xix., 90.APAMEA. Ko/oi/ 4>pvytas: Conze und Schuchhardt, Ath.Mitth., 1899, 196.Lycia.E. Kalinka, zur hist. Topogr. Lykiens : Kiepert Festschr.,159 f.; reprinted with alterations, Oesterr. Jahresh.,BeibL, 38 f. Various names on Lycian coins :in.,W.Arkwright, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 53 f.KHARAI. Significance of types: O.Benndorf, Oesterr. Jahresh.,in'., 119.MYRA. Agalma in tree (cp. Aphrodisias) : Milani, Studi ePisidia.Mater., i., 12.SAGALASSUS. Pine cone with star and crescent: Milani, /. c.,52.Cilicia." ''MALLUS. Nike : F. Studniczka, Neue Jahrb., i., 388.NAGIDUS. Orientalizing Aphrodite G. F. Hill, J. H. : 8.,xix., 164.SOLI-POMPEIOPOLIS. Head of Chrysippus ? 0. Benndorf,:Oesterr. Jahresh., 252.ii.,

MISCELLANEA. 369Cyprus.TARSUS. Various types:Baal-tars, lion and bull, Ahuramazda,deity on lion, crown with human heads, elephantwith wreath and letters OM AKK, etc. 2Milani, Studi eMater., i., 44, 50. Crowns with human heads : G. F.Hill, Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., 247 f.Eagle above pyre ofSandan, lion and ball : J. W. Crowfoot, J. H. 8. xx.,119, 120. Astragalizousa : A. de Bidder, Mon. Plot, iv.,100.MARIUM. Goddess with ram : A. Furtwangler, Munch.Sitegber., 1899, (ii.),604.SALAMIS. Euagoras I, Herakles and goat:Milani, L c., 24,note 76. Euagoras II, Aphrodite, eagle on lion : ibid.,Syria.45.REGES. (See also Portraiture.) Seleucus I and AntiochusIV, type of Zeus : E. R. Bevan, J. H. S., xx.,26, 28. Antiochus I., Date of coins with Samjpor*AiX ov: B. Haussoullier, R. de Phil., 1900, 328.ANTIOCHIA. Archieratic crown : G. F. Hill, Oesterr. Jakresh.,ii., 249.Cyrrhestica.HIEROPOLIS-BAMBYCE. Ateh on lion, lion and bull : J. W.Crowfoot, J. H. S., xx., 121.Decapolis.ANTIOCHIA- GERASA. Title 'Av(Tto^f'coi/) TW(I/) Trp(os) Xp(vo-opoa)TW(V) Trp(oTepov) Te(pao-r]vG)v) : P. Perdrizet, R.Biblique., Juill. 1900 (pp. IB, 14 of reprint).GADARA. Leg. X Fretensis at Gadara ; inscr. NAY-MA(xl/a)." Clermont-Ganneau, Rec. d'Arch. Or., ii.(1898), 301.PHILADELPHIA. Legend, 3>iAaSeA0-W Koi'(A?7

370 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.ARADUS. J. Rouvier, C. R. de VAc. d. Inscr., 1898, 207 f, ;Journal Asiat., 16 (1900), 347 f.LAODICEA of Canaan. Clermont-Ganneau, Rec. (K Arch. Or.,ii.(1898), 80, 81.MARATHUS. Era : J. Rouvier, Journ. Asiat., xii. (1898),361 f.TRIPOLIS. Actian era at Tripolis:Clermont-Ganneau, Rec.d'Arch. Or., ii.(1898), 297 f.TYRE. Era of Alexander J. :Rouvier, R. d. Et. Gr., 1899,Galilaea.362 f. Coins with KOINOY OINIKHC andCOENV PHENICES: P. Perdrizet, R. Arch., 35(1899), 38.ACE. Era of Alexander : J. Rouvier, R. d. Et. Gr., 1899,362 f.Judaea.GAZA. Coin with head of Hadranos (?) and deity on wingedcar: Is. Levy, R. Arch., 34 (1899), 276, 277.Parthia.Shape of heads of Arsacidae A. C. Had don, Nature f3ML.:24th, 1901, 310. Regal titles Drouin, Joarn. Asiat.,:13 (1899) 369 f.GOTERZES. 'Apeaj'wi' 3 comp. with Persian form Anjandm orAriijdn : Drouin, R. Arch., 32 (1898) 73.Bactria and India.Shape of heads of Bactrian kings [C, von Ujfalvy, Arch. : f.Anthropol., 26 (1899), 45-70, 341-371] ;A. C. Haddon,Nature, Jan. 24th, 1901, 310. egal titles : E. Drouin,Journ. Asiat., 13 (1899), 369 f.OP0ATNHZ and OPAATNO comp. with nameBahram: Drouin, R. Arch., 32 (1898), 80.Egypt.REGES. TACHOS. V T struck piece, attributed (if genuine) byMaspero (Rec. de Trav., 1900, p. 225) to time of Tachos'preparations against Persia (cf. Pseudo-Arist., Oecon.,ii., 25). Obv. Nub-nefr ("good gold") in ordinary3But this is a misreading of 'Apadicuv ;see Wroth, Num. Chr., 1900,93, 95.

MISCELLANEA. 371hieroglyphs. Rev. The same in Saitc-Ptolemaic hieroglyphs,with the horse to4r.ALEXANDER IV. Head with elephant's skin is portrait ofAlexander IV : J. Six, Rom. Mitth., 1899, 88 f.PTOLEMY I. Head and eagle from relief of Artemidorus atThera, comp. with types of Pt. Hiller von :Gartringen,Arch. Anz., 1899, 189-192.PTOLEMY I and II. Coins struck at Tyre and Ptolemais :J. Rouvier, R. d. Et. Or., 1899, 366.ARSINOE II. N and M dating from 271 B.C. :Strack, Rh.Mm., 55 (1900),165.ALEXANDRIA. Tyche recumbent : P. Perdrizet, B. C. H.,22 (1898), 601. City goddess in attitude of prayer :W. Amelung, Rom. Mitth., 1899, 12. Pharos :Adler,Arch. Anz., 1901, 203. Aurelian and Vabalathus : P.Meyer, Hermes, 1898, 269. Philip jun. as Augustus;date of death of Trajan Decius and Aurelian : N. Vulie,Oesteir. Jahresh., iii., Beibl., 95, 96.Cyrenaica.GYRENE. Silphium : Is. Levy, R. Arch., 36 (1900), 334 f.Ammon type:Usener, Rh. Mus., 1898, 362.Numidia.Sitt(ius) Mug(onianus) IIII vir : S. Grsell, Mel..d'Arch. et d'Hist. de V EC. Fr., 1898, 129, quoting Rec.de Constant! ue, 30, 310.I have recently had an opportunity of examining this piece, which4is reproduced here. Among the many objections to its genuineness Imay mention that the extreme flatness of fabric is decidedly suspicious ;that the border of dots is very unsatisfactory in its treatment ;that it isdifficult to understand why the same legend is given on both sides,without any sign of the authority by whom the coin wan issued ;that theposition of the horse to the right is, if I am rightly informed, unusual ;that similar pieces struck in base metal are f-aid, on good authority, tohave been offered to visitors in Egypt ; and that nearly all, if not all,the numismatists who have seen the piece have agreed in condemning it.

372 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.Islands between Africa and Sicily.COSSURA. Astarte : P. Orsi, Mon. Ant., 9, 513. Coinsfound in tombs : ibid. t524. Counterfeit (?) withKOZZY :Ibid., 538.Uncertain.Coin with Felix Princeps (see N. C., xix., 260):Riggauer,Munch. Sitzgber., 1898 (ii.),465.Portraiture.TYPES, ETC.E. Babelon, Oriyines dm portrait sur les monn. qr. : R. de1'Art, v. (1899), 89-102.Alexander the Great. Portrait on coins of his successors.A. Chaumeix, Mel. cVArch. et d'Hist. de I'fie. Fr., 1899,95. Portrait as Heracles (cf. coins of Agathocles ofBactria, Imperial Macedonian, Apollonia Mordiaeum,Alexander Balas), J. Six, Rom. Mitth., 1899, 83 f.Head on coins of Lysimachus Th. Wiegand, Jahrb. d.:fast., xiv. (1899), 3 cf. ; Sitzgber. d. Akad. Berl., 1899,286. Types of Tresor de Tarse : P. Perdrizet, J. H. S.,xix., 276 f.Perseus. 3. Six, Rom. Mitth., 1898, 74 f.Seleucus I. J. Six, Rom. Mitth., 1898, 66 f. Seleucus I,Antiochus II, IV, Demetrius 1 : 0. Rossbach, NeueJahrb., iii. (1899), 55-59.Alexander IV. See Egypt above.Ptolemy I, II, V, Ar&inoe Philadelphmt CleopatraRossbach, I.e., 53-57.I. : 0.Deities and Human Figures.Apollo with laurel-branch and bow (Metapontum, Side,Athens, Patara) W. : Amelung, Ath. Mitth., 1900, 289.Nike (Terina, Cyzicus, Mallus, Elis, Himera, Syracuse, DemetriusPoliorc.). F. Studniczta, Neue Jahrb., i.,377 f.DiosJfuri.E. Petersen, Rom. Mitth., 1900, 1 f., esp. 48-50.Denies identifications of Nuceria (B. M. Italy, p. 121),Tyndaris (Sicily, p. 235), Locri Op. (Centr. Greece,p. 10).River-god. A. Mahler, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 78. Cp. Perdrizet,Rev. Bibl., Juill. 1900 (p. 9 of reprint) ;L.Heuzey, Mon. Piot, vi. 126.

MISCELLANEA. 373Andhates leaping from or running beside horse (Himera,Celenderis, 5 Erythrae) : E. Petersen, Rom. Mitth.,1900, 32, 33. Cp. M. Vassits, Oesterr. Jahresh., hi., 174(Himera, Dardanus ?, Celenderis).Astragalizousa (Cierium, Tarsus). A. de Bidder, Man. Piot,iv., 100.Negro (Tresor d'Auriol, Etruria, Lesbos, &c.) P. Perdrizet,:Moii. Plot, iv., 217.Charioteer's dress on Sicilian coins. Th. Homolle, Mon. Piot,iv., 184.Eyelashes on Sicilian coins. Th. Homolle, Mon. Piot, iv.,203.Animals, &c.Cerberus. L. Homo, Mel. d'Arch. et d'Hist. de Vc. Fr.,1898, 310 f.(Perinthus, Anchialus, Marcianopolis, Bizya,Sinope, Alexandria Eg.).Chimaera. L. Homo, ibid., 298 f.(Populonia, Fensernia,Zeleia?, Leucas, Sicyon, Corinth, Lycia).Dolphin. B. von Schneider, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 204(Zankle, Syracuse, Tarentum).Goat. A. de Bidder, Mon. Piot, iv., 88 (Aenus, Aegae Mac.,Archelaus I., Aegosthena, Faros, Elyros, Hyrtacos,Lisos, Tarrha, Celenderis).Horse in motion: Larisa Thess., Syracuse, Corinth (Pegasos),&c. S. Reinach, R. Arch., 36 (1900), 227 f.Panther. S. Beinach, Mon. Piot, iv., 113.Various.B. Brown, Knowledge, 1901 ,35 f.Constellation-Figures asGreek Coin-Types.6FINDS.MONT BEUVRAY. Monn. recueillies de 1867-98. J. Dechelette,Mem. de la Soc. Eduenne, 27 (1899) 313-355(chiefly Gaulish and Roman, 1 Celtiberian, 1 of Juba II),Note on composition of bronze of Aeduan coins.5As I have remarked (B. M. Gatal. Lycaonia, etc., p. xlvii.) the rideris not really in the act of alighting from his horse. Celenderis, by theway, is not in Cyprus.6 An entirely uncritical list.

374 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.LOIRE. Fouilles de la L. en 1894 : M. Desnoyers, Mem. dela Soc. arch, et hist, de VOrleanais, 17 (1898), 41-58(Gr., Rom., Gallo-Eom. and Gaulish).THEEMAE HIMEEAEAE. Hoard from Mte. Calogero. Tetradrachms: 1 Messana (B. M. Guide, pi. 16, 28) ;2Syracuse (Du Chastel, pi. 7, 81 ; 8, 94) ;4 Siculo-Punic[(a) ziz ; rev. imitated from Euth., in ex. sea-horse, cf.Evans Syr. Med. pi. 1, 8 and 9. (/3) obv. fast quadriga,altar in ex. (only two others known), (y)imit. ofEukleidas and Eumenes, cp. du Chastel, pi. 6, 62, 63,65-69. (S) ammachanat, forepart of horse in ex. the;head after decadr. of Euainetos, Evans, pi. 7 and 47] ;also 2 Corinthian pegasi. E. Gabrici, Not. d. ticavi,1900, 205 f.CEOATIA. Narti. 30 barbarous imitations of Philip II tetradrachms.J. Brunsmid, ViestniJca Hrv. Arheol. Drustva,New Series, Yr. I., 1896, 2-13.Mazin. Italian, Greek, and African M : aes rude,aes sign., aes grave; Romano-Campanian ; Salapia,Teate, Syracuse (Hiero II, &c.), Caphyae Arcad., Egypt(Ptol. VIII and X), Carthage, Numidia (Micipsa, &c.).J. Brunsmid, ibid. II., 1896-7, 3-42; IV., 1900, 1-6.Since republished in German by M. Bahrfeldt, DerMunzfund von Mazin (Berlin, 1901).DALMATIA. SSkudljivac (Lesica). Coins of Pharos, Herak-, Issa, and Ballaios. G. Kubitschek, Bull.leia, Di . . .di Arch, e Stor. Dalmata, xx. (1897), pp. 159 foil.SAIDA. Trouvaille de 1863. J. Rouvier, E. d. Et. Gr.,1899, 380.MAEASH. Nearly 100 M Athenian 5th c. staters, now atConstantinople. Amer. Journ. of Arch., 1899, 251(from S. S. Times, Nov. 26th, 1898).METROLOGY,&c.F. Hultsch, Gr.. u. Rom. Grewichtmormen. N. Jahrb. iii.(1899), 186 f.R. J. Albrecht, Summary of Hultsch's Gewichte des Altertwusfrom classical point of view, Berl. Phil. Woch., 1900,848 f., 879 f.

MISCELLANEA. 375Th. Mommsen, Zum Aegijpt. Milnzicesen, Arch. f. Papyruskunde,i. 273 f. ^p^XM ^n R man times : (1) copperdr. of 6 obols:=dr. of billon tetradrachm. (2) dpyuptov Bp.=dr. of Roman denarius, which was regarded as tetra-, drachm, and rated at 28 or 29 obols. Other names aredpyvptou eTTto-^/xov vo/>t/(r/xaTO5 8p., dpy. 2e/3a

376 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.BIBLIOGRAPHY.Bibliotheca Philologica Classica, xxv., 1898, 247 f.; xxvi.,1899, 56 f. ;110 f. ;166 f. ; 225 f. ; xxvii., 1900, 65 f.,138 f. 202 f.;Rev. cL Et. Gr., 1900, 118 f.Amer. Journ. of Arch., 1899, 470 f. ; 1900, 403.Rev. Arch.- 36 (1900) 270 f. : Publications of Arch. Soc.of Moscow : 9 Numismatique et Sphragistique.Articles on Karkinites, Aspurgus, Rhescuporis I, Diodotus,Pythodoris, &c.COLLECTIONS.BERLIN CABINET. Acquisitions: Berl. Phil. Woch., 1899,1277; 1900, 1342. Woch. f. Mass. Phil., 1900, 1270.MISCELLANEOUS.Ueber die Entincklg. d Numism. it. d. num. Sammlgn. im 19Jahrh. H. Riggauer, Festr., K. Bayer. Akad. d. Wiss.,Miinchen, 14th Nov. 1900.Corpus Nummorum. Th. Mommsen :reports progress Sitzgber.d. Akad. z. Berl, 1898, 79 ; 1899, 74 ;C. R. de VAcad.d. Inscr., 1899, 431.Charon's obol A. Korte, Ath. Mitth., 1899, 4 ; [P. Sartori,die Totenmiinze, Arch./. Religionswiss. II. (1899) 205-225].Provenance of coins as evidence of sites.W. R. Paton, J. H. S. txx., 80; C. D. Edmonds, B. 8. A., v., 24.Magistrates' titles on coins of Asia Minor. Is. Levy, R. d. Et.Gr. 1899, 262 f.(Smyrna, Aphrodisias, Antiochia Car.Sardes, Thyatira, Silandus, Docimeum, &c.).G. F. H.

INDEX.A.Ablera, Thrace, coins of, 278Ac ;ilaeum, Phrygia, coins of, 368Acs, Galilaea, era of Alexander,370Achaean League, coin of the, 286Aegina, coin of, 285Aegium, Achaia, coins of, 12Aethelred II of England, coin of.267Aethelred II of Northumbria, coinof, 266Aethelwulf of "Wessex, coin of, newvariety, 160Aethulwulf of Wessex and Berhtwulfof Mercia, coin of, 154Alabanda, Caria, under name Antiochia,368Alexander III of Macedon, coinsof, 277 ;portraiture of, 364 ;era of, in Phoenicia, 369Alexander IV, Aegus, portrait of,371Alexandria, Egypt, coins of, 371Alfred of Wessex, coin of, 266Alyzia, Acarnania, coin of, 284Amisus, Pontus, coin of, 16Amyntas of G-alatia, coin of, 367Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, its historicalvalue, 66Anglo-Saxon coins, unique, 148 ;unpublished varieties, 265Animals on Greek coins, 373Antigonus, King of Asia, coinof, 7Antiochia, Pisidia, coin of, 21,, Syria, coins of, 369Antiochia- Gerasa, Decapolis, titleof, 369Antiochus VI of Syria, coin of,294Antiochus VIII (Grypus) and Cleopatraof Syria, coin of, 25Antoninus Pius, coin of, 22VOL. XX.THIRD SERIES.Apamea, Phrygia, coins of, 368Aphrodisias, Caria, coin of, 368Apollonia Pontica, Thrace, coin of,280Aptera, Crete, coin of, 15Aradus, Phoenicia, coins of, 370Arcadia, coins of, 366Argos, Argolis, coins of, 366Arsaces of Parthia, coins of, 190et seqq.Arsacid kings of Parthia, list of,183 ; portraits of, 370Arsinoe II of Egypt, coins of, 371Artabanus I, King of Parthia,coins of, 184 et seqq.Artabanus II, King of Parthia,coins of, 19

378 INDEX.quired by the, in 1899, 1 in;1900, 274Burgers, Thomas, President of theTransvaal Republic, issues goldcoins, 253, 254Burgred of Mercia, coin of, 266C.Caesarea, Cappadocia, coins of, 367Caesarea Paulas, Trachonitis, coinof, 294Calchedon, Bithynia, coin of, 287Caligula, coins of, 207Capsa, Macedonia, coin of, 275Caracalla, coins of, 8, 23, 29, 34,100Carausius, coin of, 30, 48Cardiff, Roman coins and ringsfound at Sully, 27Carhayes, find of Roman coins at,209Carthage, coin of, struck in Sicily,275Cebren, Troas, restoration of, asAntiochia, 367Chalcetor, Caria, coins of, 368Charles I, new variety of halfgroatof, 88Cirta, Numidia. coins of, 371Claudius II, Gothicus, coins of,215, 344Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII(Grypus) of Syria, coin of, 25Cnidus, Caria, coins of, 368Cnossus, Crete, coins of, 366Cnut of England, coin of, 268Colbassa, Pisidia, coins of, 22Colophon, Ionia, its magistrate,367Colybrassus, Cilicia, coin of, 292Commodus, coin of, 1 1Constans I, coins of, 354 et seqq.Constantine I, coins of, 1 1 1 et seqq. ;301 et seqq.Constantine II, coins of, 135 etseqq. ; 324 et seqq,Constantius I, Chlorus, coins of,110 ;301 et seqq.Constantius II, coins of, 146 ;346et seqq.Corinth, coins of, 286, 365Corn, distribution of, at Tarsus,tesserae used at, 96Cos, coins of, 18, 368Cossura, coins of, 372Crannon, Thessaly, coin of, 365Crete, province of, coins of, 366Crispina, coin of, 208Crispus, coins of, 135 et seqq. ;324et seqq.Cyrene, Cyrenaica, coins of, 371Cyzicus, Mysia, coins of, 367D.Dardanus, Troas, coin of, 17Deities, &c., on Greek coins, 372Delmatius, coins of, 358 et seqq.Delos, coins of, 16, 287Delphi, Phocis, coins of, 365Demetrius Poliorcetes, coin of, 364Demetrius II, Nicator, coin of, 24Uictynna, Crete, coin of, 366Diocletian, coins of, 29, 30, 32. 57Disselboom, the, on Transvaalcoins, 257AQPEA CITOY TAP2Q, 96Dyrrhachium, Illyria, coins of, 365E.Eadgar of England, coin of, 267Eadred of Wessex, coins of, 266Eanred of North umbria, coin of,265Ecgberht of Kent, coin of, 148Ecgberht, or Ecgbeorht, of Wessexand his coins, 66 ;of Kentishorigin, 68 ;strikes coins forKent, 71 ; expelled from England,72 ;visits Charlemagne,73 ;marries St. Ida, 74 ;returnsto England, 75, 76 ; conquersKent, 79 first ; coinage as Kingof "Wessex, 81 conquers Mercia,: 82 ;: strikes coins as King ofMercia, 82, 159 ;his other mints,83 ;his titles in charters, 86 ;unpublished coin of, 161Edward the Confessor, coin of, 269Edward III, haJf-noble of thirdcoinage of, 162 ; earliest goldcoins of, 229, 231 et seqq. wardrobe;counter of, 242Edward IV, coins of, 166, 171Edward V, coins of, 166, 174Elagabalus, coins of, 30, 36Elea, Epirus, coin of, 10Elis, coins of, 365Ellandune, battle of, 78Emporium, Spain, coin of, 363England, first gold coins of, 218Ephesus, Ionia, coins of, 289, 367

INDEX. 379Eni*ANOT2, title of, on Parthiancoins, 194Etruria, uncertain silver coin of, 2Etruscilla, coins of, 30, 44Euromus,Caria, absorbed in Mylasa,368EVANS, SIE JOHN, K.C.B. :The first Gold Coins of England,218EXPECTATE VENT on coins ofCarausius, 50F.Fausta, coins of, 147, 347 et seqq.Faustina junr., coins of, 18, 207"Fides Militum" on coins ofCaraufius, 56Finds of Coins, Carhayes, 209Greek, 373,, ,,Groats 'of HenryVI-VII, 166Sully, 27Florianus, coins of, 217Florin, gold, of Edward III, 232tt seqq.Frederick the Great, successes of,medal, 180 G.Gadara, Decapolis, coins of, 369Gafulford, battle of, 78Galeria Valeria, coins of, 308Gallienus, coins of, 23, 30, 106,212Gaza, Judaea, coin of, 370Gela, Sicily, coin of, 364Gerasa, Decapolis, coin of, 295Geta, coin of, 30, 35Gold coins of England, the first,218Gordian III, coins of, 21, 24, 30,40Goterzes, King of Parthia, legendon his coins, 93, 370GRANTLEY, LOED, F.S.A. :On some Unique Anglo-Saxoncoins, 148Greek coins, finds of, 373Groats of Henry VI-VII, find of,166GRUBBER, H. A., F.S.A. :Find of Roman Coins and GoldRings at Sully, near Cardiff,27An unpublished Silver Coin ofVerica, " 264Phillip's Token Money of theBank of England," notice of,271Gythium, Laconia, coin of, 366H.Half-florin or Leopard, gold, ofEdward III, 233 et seqq.Half-noble of third coinage ofEdward III, 162Hanniballianus, coin of, 359Harold II, coin of, 269Harthaciiut, coin of, 268HAVEEFIELD, F., F.S.A. :On a Hoard of Roman Coinsfound at Carhayes, Cornwall,209Heahberht, Bang of Kent, coin of,149Helena, coins of, 147, 346 etseqq.Helm or Helmet, gold coin of EdwardIII, 233 et seqq.Henry III, gold penny of, 218 etseqq.Henry VI, coins of, 166, 171, 174Henry VII, coins of, 166, 175Heraclea, Ionia, coins of, 367,, Lucania, coins of, 363Heraea, Arcadia, coins of, 366Herennius Etruscus, coin of, 30,44Herod Philip II of Judaea, coin of,25Hierapytna, Crete, coin of, 366Hieropolis-Bambyce, Cyrrhestica,coins of, 369HILL, G. F., M.A. :Kennedy's " Money " in Hastings'"Dictionary of theBible," notice of, 270Bibliographical Notes on GreekNumismatics, 363Himerus, King of Parthia, coinsof, 193 et seqq.HOWOHTH, SIR HENEY H.,K.C.T.E. :Ergberht, King of the WestSaxons, and the Kent Men,and his coins, 66I.Imbros, Thrace, coins of, 364Itanus, Crete, coins of, 366

380 INDEX.J.Marius, coins of, 214Harium, Cyprus, coins of, 369 Orbiana, coins of, 30, 39Judaea, coin of Herod Philip II,MAUBICE, JULES :L' Atelier monetaire de Londres25Julia Domna, coins of, 29, 34(Londinium) pendant la PeriodeJulia Maesa, coins of, 30, 37Constantinienne, 108Julia Mamaea, coins Classification chronologique desof, 23, 30, 39,Emissions monetaires de 1' Atelierde Siscia208Julia Paula, coins of, 30, 37pendant la Periode297Julia Soaemias, coins of, 30, 37coinsCoDstantinienne,Maximianus Herculius, of,29, 30, 33, 59, 113 et seqq. 300;K.seqq.Kennedy's "Money" in MaximinusHastings'I, coins of, 30, 39"Dictionary of the Bible" noticed,270etseqq. 299 et ;seqq.,, II, Daza, coins of 110,Kent conquered by Ecgbeorht, 79,METAAOT, title of, on Parthian80coins, 191Kruger, Paul, President of the Megara, Megaris, coins of, 365South African Republic, coinage Mende, Macedonia, coins of, 6of, 256Mercia conquered by Ecgbeorhtof Wessex, 82L.Mesma, Bruttii, coin of, 4Mesembria, Thrace, coin of, 364Laelianus, coins of, 214Messana,Laertes, Cilicia, coin Sicily, coin of, 364of, 293Metapontum, Lucania, coin of, 363Lampsacus, Mysia, coin of, 17, 288Metrology of Greek coins, 374Laodicea, Canaan, coins of, 370Larissa, Thessaly, coin Miletus, Ionia, coins of, 367of, 282 Mint-marks on coins of Henry VI-LAWRENCE, L. A. :VII, classified, 167A new Variety of the Half- Mithradates I, King of Parthia,Groat of Charles I, 88coins of, 180The seqq.Half-Noble of the Third Mithradates II, King of Parthia,Coinage of Edward III, 162 coins of, 193Small Hoard seqq.of Groats of Henry Mithradates III, King of Parthia,VI- VII, 166coins of, 196 et seqq.Leopard, gold coin of Edward III,233 et seqq.Myra, Lycia, coins of, 368Licinius I, coins307 et seqq.of, 115 et seqq. ;N.Licinius II, coins of, 325 et seqq. Nagidus, Cilicia, typeLondon, mint of, under the Constantines,108Aphrodite,368Neocaesarea, Pontus, coins of, 366LVNDONIA CIVIT. on coin ofNero, coin of, 8Ecgbeorht, 82Nicaea,Lycceius of Bithynia,Paeonia, coin of, 364of, 367NIKH*OPOY, title of, on Parthiancoins, 193M.Macrinus, coin of, 30, 35Magnetes, Thessaly, coin of, 8O.Odessus, Tbrace, coins of, 364Magydus, Pamphylia, coin of, 19 ; Oetaei, the, Thessaly, coin of, 282numerals on coins of, 20Olbasa, Pisidia, coin of, 292Mallus, Cilicia, coins of, 368 OMAN, C., M.A. :Marathus, Phoenicia, era of, 370 Unpublished or rare Coins ofMarcus Aurelius, coins of, 12, 19, Smyrna in the Bodleian cabinet,29, 33203

INDEX. 381Orodes, King of Parthia, coins of,196 et seqq.Graphemes, King of Cappadocia,coins of, 367OPGArNHS or OPAAFNO, nameof, 370O. S. initials of Otto Schulz, dieengraver, 258Otacilia Severa, coins of, 30, 43Otanes, King of Parthia, coins of,89P.Pagae, Megaris, coin of, 11Parthian coinage, rearrangementof, 181Patrae, Achaia, coin of, 365Pellene, Achaia, coin of, 365Penny, gold, of Henry III, 208et seqq.Perga, Pamphylia, coin of, 290Pergamum, Mysia, coins of, 367Perpecene, Mygia, coin of, 367Phaestus, Crete, coin of, 366Philadelphia Decapolis, title of,3694>IAEAAHNOS, title of, on Parthiancoins, 194Philip I, coins of, 30, 42,, II, coins of, 30, 43Philippopolis, Thrace, coin of, 8Phillips, Maberley, his "Token-Money of the Bank of England "noticed, 271Phraates I, King of Parthia, coinsof, 190 et seqq.Phraates II, King of Parthia, coinsof, 186 et seqq.Phraates III, King of Parthia,coins of, 196 et seqq.Phiaates IV, King of Parthia,coins of, 89, 199, 202Phriapatius, King of Parthia, coinsof, 184 et seqq.Pisa, Elis, coin of, 365Plautilla, coin of, 23Pogla, Pisidia. coin of, 23Polyrhenium, Crete, coin of, 15Porto Bello, unpublished medal of,180Portraiture on Greek coins, 364,369, 370, 371, 372Postumus, coins of, 30, 47, 213Potidaea, Macedonia, coin of, 276Praecus, Crete, coins of, 366Praetoria, mint established at, 261Priansus, Crete, coins of, 366Probus, coins of, 217Psophis, Arcadia, coins of, 366Ptolemy I, coins of, 26, 371Ptolemy I and II, coins of, 371Q.Quarter-florin or Helm, gold, ofEdward III, 233 et seqq.QuintiUus, coins of, 216R.READY, W. TALBOT :Medals of Porto Bello andFrederick the Great, 180Rhaucus, Crete, coins of, 366Rhizus (?), Thessaly, coin of, 9Richard III, coins of, 166, 174Richborough, supposed Romanmint under Carausius, 52Rin'gs, gold, Roman, found atSully, near Cardiff, 27, 63ROSTOWZEW, M. :AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ, 96R. S. R. on coins of Carausius, 52,53Sabina, coin of, 16Sagalassus, Pisidia, coins of, 368St. Ida marries Ecgberht, 74Salamis, Cyprus, coins of EvagorasI, 369Salonina, coins of, 30, 46, 213Saloninus, coins of, 30, 47, 208Scepsis, Troas, coins of, 367Schulz, Otto, coin -en graver, 258Segusiavi, Gaul, coins of, 363Seleucia, Pitddia, coin of, 23Seleucus I, King of Syria, coin of,293Selinus, Sicily, coin of, 364Sepia on uncertain coin of Etruria,2Septimius Severus, coins of, 17, 22,29, 34Severus Alexander, coins of, 22,30, 38, 101Severus II, coins of, 110 et seqq.,299 et seqq.Side, Pamphylia, coin of, 291Sinatruces, King of Parthia, coinsof, 193 et seqq.S.

382 INDEX.Siscia, mint of, during the Constantineperiod, 297Smyrna, Ionia, unpublished andrare coins of, 203; its magistrate,367Soli-Pompeiopolis, Cilicia, coin of,368South African Eepublic, coinage ofthe, 2o2Spithridates, Satrap of Ionia, &c.,coin of, 289Storrie, John, on coins and ringsfound at Sully, 27Stymphalus, Arcadia, coins of, 366Sully, Cardiff, Roman coins andrings found at, 27Syracuse, Sicily, coins of, 274, 364Syria, kings of, their coins, 369T.Tachos, king of Egypt, gold coinof, 370Tacitus, coins of, 217Tarentum, Calabria, coins of, 364Tarsus, Cilicia, tesserae of, 96, 103 ;coins of, 369Terina, Bruttium, coins of, 364Tesserae of Tarsus, on distributionof corn, 96, 103Tetricus I, coins of, 215Tetricus II, coins of, 215Thebes, Boeotia, coin of, 11eEOnATOPOS, title of, on Parthiancoins, 1926EOT, title of, on Parthian andBactrian coins, 94, 95, 192Thyrrhemm, Acarnania, coin of,284Tiridates, king of Parthia, coins of,190 et seqq.Titiopolis, Cilicia, coin of, 293Trajan Decius, coins of, 30, 43Transvaal arms, error in, on coinage,257Trebonianus Gallus, coins of, 30,44Tripolis, Phoenicia, Actian era of,370Tyre, Phoenicia, era of Alexander,370U.Uranopolis, Macedon, coin of, 364V.Valerian I, coins of, 30, 45, 212Valerian II, coins of, 30, 47Verbe, Pisidia, coins of, 23Verica, unpublished silver coin of,264Vernon, Admiral, medal of, 180Victorinus, coins of, 214Viminiacum, Moesia, coin of, 364Volusian, coins of, 30, 45Vonones I, king of Parthia, legendon his coins, 93w.Wardrobe counter of Edward III,242Wiglaf, king of Mercia, expelledby Ecgberht, 82 his; return, 83WBOTH, WARWICK, F.S.A. :Greek Coins acquired by theBritish Museum in 1899, 1 ;in 1900, 244Otanes and Phraates IV, 89On the Re-arrangement ofParthian Coinage, 181Z.Zancle, Sicily, coin of, 5END OF VOL.XX.PRINTKD B\ H. VIRTUE AM> COMPANY, LIMITED, CITY BOAD, LONDON.

Num.. < '/iron Serf/I Vol, XX.Pf-Jff//.*14/15!6ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1900

Vol XX. PL.ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1900.

Mim, Chror? Ser VfVel, XX. Pi. XV.^^t *MONNAIES DE SISCIA.

Ckron,. Ser Iff Vol. XX.ft.XV/.v r W s'%':)P^I/F\ ''^> i7 Wj16^^BF*^ is ^fiHHr 19MONNAIES DE SISCIA.

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,THIRD SERIES. VOLS. XL XX. 18911900.INDEX.NAMES OF THE AUTHOES AND OF THE PAPEESCONTEIBUTED BY THEM.ALISCHAN, S. M. :Posidium in Coele-Syria, xviii.124AMEDROZ, H. F. :On Arabic Coins, xiii. 76:BAGNALL-OAKELEY,MES.A Hoard of Roman Coins foundat Bishop's Wood, Ross- on -Wye, xvi. 209BAKER, F. BRAYNE:Coin- Types of Asia Minor, xii.89Some rare or unpublished GreekCoins, xiii. 21BLANCHET, ADRIEN :-Inedited gold Crown of James Vwith Name of John, Duke ofAlbany, xi. 203BOYD, W. C. :A Find of Roman Denarii nearCambridge, xvii. 119Some unpublished Varieties ofSaxon Coins, xx. 265CODRINGTON, OLIVER, M.D.,F.S.A. :Coins of the Beni Rasul, &c.,xiv. 88Note on a gold Coin of TaghlakShah, xiv. 185The Coinages ofCutch and Kathiawar,xv. 59Coins of the Bahmani Dynasty,xviii. 259CROWTHER,M.A. :REV. G. F.,Pennies of William I and II,xi. 25On a Pax Penny attributed toWitney, xi. 161CUNNINGHAM, GENERAL SIBALEXANDER, K.C.I.E. :Coins t f the Kushans or GreatYue-ti, xii. 40, 98Coins of the Later Indo- Scythians: Great Kushans, xiii.93 ; Scytho-Sassanians, 166 ;Little Kushans, 184 ;Ephthalitesor White Huns, xiv.243EARLE-FOX, H. B. :Greek Coins in the Earle-FoxCollection, xviii. 285ELLIS, LIEUT.-COL. H. LES-LIE:British Copper Tokens of theStraits Settlements and MalayanArchipelago, xv. 135ELY, TALFOURD, F.S.A. :The Process of Coining as seenin a Wail-Painting at Pompeii,xvi. 53EVANS, ARTHUR J., M.A.,F.S.A. :-Syracusan "Medallions" andtheir Engravers, xi. 205A Hoard of Coins recently di^coveredin Western Sicily,xi. 364Date of the Deposit of the NaxosHoard, xi. 374Contributions to Sicilian Numismatics,xiv. 189 ;xvi. 85Holm's Geschichte des SicilischenMunzwesms, notice of, xviii.321

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.Hill's Handbook of Greek andRoman Coins, notice of, xix.264EVANS, SIR JOHN, K C.B..D.C.L., F.R.S. :On some rare or unpublishedRoman Medallions, xi. 152A new Coin of Dubnovellauniis,xi. 198Find of Coins at Colchester, xi.413Coins of Henry I found in Italy,xii. 83Atlas et Catalogue des MonnaiesGauloises de la BibliothequeNationale, Paris, notice of,xii. 234Find of Coins at Nesboe, Norway,xiii. 36Reber's Fragments numismatiquessur le Canton d'Argovie, noticeof, xiii. 149A new Saxon Mint, Weardbyrig,xiii. 220Hertfordshire Tokens, xiii. 282A small Hoard of &axon sceattasfound near Cambridge, xiv.18The Mint of Gothabyrig, xv. 45Wardrobe Counters of EdwardIII, xv. 168Some rare or unpublished RomanMedallions, xvi. 40Ancient British Coin found nearWatford, xvi. 183Roman Coins found at Brickendonbury,Herts, xvi. 191A Hoard of Roman Coins, xviii.126Barnstaple as a Minting-Place,xviii. 274Rawlings' Story of the BritishCoinage, notice of, xviii. 279Ancient British Coin of Verulamfound at Ostend, Belgium,xix. 262The First Gold Coins of England,xx. 218EVANS, SIR JOHN, K.C.B.,and NAPIER, PKOF. A. S.,M.A. :Barnstaple as a Minting-Place,xviii. 274FRAZER, DE. W. :An unde.scribed Huguenot Medal(?), xvi. 271Bronze Medallion on the Reliefof Antwerp in 1577, xvi. 273Three rare Medals by W. Mossop,xvii. 90Medallion of the Rt. Hon. JohnBeresford and his Wife, xvii.319GARDNER, PROF. PERCY,LITT.D., F.S.A. :Babelon' s Monnaies Grecques,Hois de Syiie, notice of, xi.113GARDNER, WILLOUGHBY:Undescribed Penny of KingJohn, xvii. 249GRANTLEY, LOED, F S.A. :On a unique Styca of Ethelred Iof Northumbria, xii. 87On a unique Styca of Alchred ofNorthumbria, xiii. 267Note on a Penny of Offa withNew Type of Reverse, xvi.270On the North Humbrian Coinageof A.D. 758-808, xvii. 134On some Unique Anglo-SaxonCoins, xx. 148GREENWELL, THE REV. CANON,F.R.S.:Rare Greek Coins in the Green -well Collection, xiii. 81 ;xvii.253GRUEBER, H. A., F.S.A. :English Personal Medals from1760, xi. 65, 377 ;xii. 227,300Treasure -trove from Whaplode,Lincolnshire, xi. 203Badge of the Guild of Silk,Woollen and Clothworkersand Mercers Of Middleburg-,xii. 182Forgeries of Roman Large BrassCoins, xii. 255Higgins' Copper Coins of Europe,notice of, xiii. 239A Find of Anglo-Saxon Coins,xiv. 29Montagu's Copper and Tin Coinac/e,&c., 2nd ed., notice of,xiv. 184An unpublished Medal of HenriettaMaria, xiv. 188Ambrosoli's Manuale di Numisfnatica,2nd ed., notice of, XY.162

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.Gnecchi's Monete Romane, noticeof, xv. 320Phoenix Medalet of Elizabeth,xvi. 2741Medal illustrating the Conditionof France in 1709, xvi. 275A Find of Coins at East Worlington,xvii. 145A Find of Coins at Crediton,xvii. 159Bahrfeldt's Miinzkunde der r'6-mischen Republik, notice of,xvii. 245Irwin's War Medals, &c., 1588-1898, notice of, xix. 83A rare Penny of Aethelred II,xix. 344Find of Roman Coins and GoldRings at Sully, near Cardiff,xx. 27An unpublished Silver Coin ofVerica, xx. 264Phillips' Token Money ofBank theof England, notice of,xx. 271GRUEBER, H. A ., F.S.A., andLAWRENCK, L. A. :The Balcombe Find, xviii. 8HASLUCK, F. W. :Roman Denarii found near Cambridge,xvii. 251HAVERFIELD, F., M.A.,F.S.A. :On a Hoard of Roman Coinsfound at Carhayes, Cornwall,xx. 209HEAD, BARCLAY V.,D.C.L.,PH.D. :Archaic Coins probably ofCyrene, xi. 1Mtvue Numismatique, notice of ;1890, xi. 105; 1891, ib. 418;1891, xii. 174; 1892, ib. 250,326 ;xiii. 73 ; 1893, ib. 146,230 ;xiv. 81 ; 1894, ib. 10,340 ;xv. 316 ; 1896, xvi. 345Zeitschriftfur Nnmismatik, noticeof; 1890, xi. 106; 1H92, xii.177 ;xiii. 74 ; 1893, xiii. 232 ;xiv. 83; 1894-5, xv. 319;1896, xvi. 347Svoronos' Ancient Greek Coins,Ephemeris, It 90, notice of,xi. 110Raima \ 's Historical Geography ofAsia Minor ,notice of, xi. IllBabelon's Monnaies des Rois deSidon, notice of, xi. 422Ridgeway's Origin of MetallicCurrency, notice of, xii. 247Schlosser's Catalogue of GrtekCoins, Vienna Museum, Thessalyto Epirus, notice of, xiii. 72Coins recently attributed to Eretria,xiii. 158The Initial Coinage of Athens,&c., xiii. 241Svoronos' Coin Cabinet at Athens,notice of, xiii. 234Babelon's Melanges Numismatiques,notice of, xiii. 236Babelon's Les Perses Achemenides,$c., notice of, xiii. 336Lehmann's Altbabylonische MaasundGewichtssystem, notice of,xiv. 77Berlin Coin Catalogue, Vol. iii.Pt. I, Etruria to Calabria,notice of, xiv. 179Svoronos' Britomartis, $c., noticeof, xiv. 182Blanchet's Monnaies Grecques,notice of, xiv. 184Gabrici's Numismatica delfInter a, notice of, xiv. 339Majr's Coins of Malta, $c. tnotice of, xiv. 343Minton's Numismatic Bibliography,notice of, xvii. 246Macdonald's Catalogue of GreekCoins in the Hunterian Collection,notice of, xix. 177Berlin Academy, Die AntikenMunzen Nord - Griechenlands,Vol. i. Pt. 1, notice of, xix.362HILL, G. F., M.A. :Neapolis Datenon, xiii. 255The Coinage of Lycia to theTime of Alexander the Great,xv. 1Miiller's Antike Numismatik,notice of, xv. 161A Portrait of Perseus of Macedon,xvi. 34Oinoanda, a new Mint, xvii.25Clerk's Catalogue of the Coins ofthe Achcean League, notice of,xvii. 246Solon's Reform of the AtticSUndard, xvii. 284Cartimandua, xvii. 293

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.Posidium in Syria, xviii. 246Babelon's Origines dela Jfonnaie,notice of, xviii. 278Roman 'Aurei from Pudukota,xviii. 304Bibliographical Notes on GreekNumismatics, xviii. 320 ;xix.361 xx. 363;Defacement of Roman Aureifrom Pudukota, xix. 82A hoard of Cyrenaic bronzeCoins, xix. 175Olba, Cennatis, Lalassis, xix.181Kennedy's article, Money, inHastings' Dictionary of theBible, notice of, xx. 270HOBLYN, RICHARD A.,F.S.A. :An unpublished Halfpenny ofElizabeth, xiv. 84Rare pattern Farthing or Jettonof Mary II, xix. 362HOWORTH, SIR HENRY H.,K.C.I.E., F.R.S. :Coins recently attributed toEretria, xiii. 153The Initial Coinage of Athens,&c., xiii. 247Some early Coins struck in.Britain, xiii. 259Ecgberht, King of the WestSaxons and the Kent Men,and his Coins, xx. 66IMHOOF-BLUMER, DR. F. :Griechische Miinzen, xv. 269JOHNSTON, J. M. C. :Coin of Nadir Shah struck atBokhara, xii. 88Coins of Nasir-ed-Dm struck atShooster and Herat, xii. 184Gold and Silver Bar- money ofMozambique, xii. 330Mohammadan Coins, xix. 265KENYON, R. LL., M.A. :The Shrewsbury Mint and itsOfficers under Henry III,xix. 112KING, L. WHITE, C.S.I.,F.S.A. :History and Coinage of theBarakzai Dynasty of Afghanistan,xvi. 277KING, L. WHITE, C.S.I.,F S.A., and VOST, DB.W. :Novelties in Moghul Coins,xvi. 155LAMBROS,J. P. :On a Coin of Hierapytna inCrete, hitherto wrongly attributed,xvii. 31LANE-POOLE, PROP. STAN-LEY, M.R.A.S. :Fasti Arabici, xii. 160LATCHMORE, F. :Saxon Coins found near Hitchin,xvii. 248LAWRENCE, L. A. :English Silver Coins issued between1461-1483, xi. 180On a Hoard of Groats of theFifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries,xii. 278Coinage of Aethelbald, xiii. 40Silver Coins of Edward III,xiii. 46A Rare Penny of King Stephen,&o., xv. 110A Find of Coins chiefly of thetime of Edward IV, xvi.72On some Coins of William I andII, xvii. 226On a Hoard of Short -cross Pennies,xvii. 235On the Mint of Barnstaple,xvii. 302On some Forgeries of the Coinsof Henry I ana his successors,xix. 241A new Variety of the Halfgroatof CharJes I, xx. 88On theHalf-noble of the ThirdCoinage of Edward III, xx.162On a small Hoard of Groats ofHenry VI to Henry VII,xx. 166LAWRENCE, L. A., andGRUEBER, H. A. :The Balcombe Find, xviii. 8LOWSLEY, LIEUT.-COL. B. :Coins and Tokens of Ceylon,xv. 211LYELL, A. H., F.S.A. :George Fordyce and John Hunter,medal of, xv. 166

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.MACDONALD, G., M.A. :Notes on Combe's Catalogue ofthe Hunter Cabinet, xvi. 144A Find of Coins in the LipariIslands, xvi. 185The Legend IATON on Coins ofHimera, xviii. 185The Amphora Letterson Coinsof Athens, xix. 288MAURICE, JULES :Essai de Classification chronologiquedes Emissions monetairesde 1' Atelier d'Antiochependant la Periode constantinienne,xix. 208L' Atelier monetaire de Londres(Londinium) pendant laPeriode constantinienne, xx.108Classification chronologique desEmissions monetaires de1' Atelier de Siscia pendant laPeriude constantinienne, xx.297.F.S.A.:The Anglo-Saxon Mints ofChester and Leicester, xi. 12Engel and Serrure's Traitede Numismalique du MoyenAge, Vol. i., notice of, xi.114The Durham Pennies of Bishopsde Bury and Hatfield, xi.164Some unpublished and rareGreek Coins in the MontaguCollection, xii. 22Find of Groats at Wallingfoid,xii. 220A Find of Coins at Fischenich,near Cologne, xiii. 26Engel and Serrure's Traite deNumismatique du Moyen Age,Vol. ii., notice of, xiv. 294Unpublished Gold Coins ofJames I, xiv. 344Coinage of Edward V, xv. 117Unpublished Gold Coins of Elizabeth,xv. 165Further Notes concerning Bishopde Bury and the DurhamCoinage, xv. 290Rare and unpublished RomanGold Coins in the MontaguCollection, xvii. 35MONTAGU, H.,MONTAGUE, LEOPOLD A. :The meaning of a Monogram onDenarii of the Fonteia Family,xv. 290MYRES, J. L., F.S.A. :Some Bronze Coins from Crete,xiv. 89NAPIER, PROF. A. S., M.A.,and EVANS, SIB JOHN,K.C.B. :Barnstaple as a Minting-Place,xviii. 274NELSON, P., M.B. :-Coinage of the Isle of Man,xix. 35OMAN, C. W. C., M.A., F.S.A.:Half and quarter obols of Alexanderthe Great, xiv. 186Unpublished or rare Coins ofSmyrna in the BodleianCabinet, xx. 203PACKE, A. E., F.S.A. :Some Notes on the Coins ofHenry VII, xi. 34The Types and Legends of theMediaeval and Later Coins ofEngland, xii. 257Coinage of the Norman Kings,xiii. 129Ryal of Henry VII, xiii. 240The Coinage as affected by theAdministration of Henry II,xv. 51An Agreement to Pay Money in1464, xv. 164The Coins of Stephen, xvi. 59PAGE, SAMUEL :Baronial Coin of the Reign ofStephen, xvi. 275PEARSE, GENERAL G.,G.C.B. :Unpublished Medal of Coorg,xvii. 249PEERS, C. R., M.A., F.S.A. :Swiss Bracteates in the BritishMuseum, xix. 12PERDR1ZET, PAUL :Sur un Tetradrachme de Nabis,xviii. 1Deeret de Cyzique pour unAntandrien, xix. 1PRITCHARD, J. E., F.S.A. :Find of Roman Coins near CadburyCamp, xvi. 238

INDEX OFAUTHORS AND PAPERS.Bristol Tokens of the Sixteenthand Seventeenth Centuries,xix. 350HA PS ON, E. J., M.A.,M.R.A.S. :Notes on Gupta Coins, xi. 48Zay's Hist. Mon. des ColoniesFranfaises, notice of, xii. 178Markoif's Unpublished Coins of the^Lrsacidce, notice of, xiii. 203Webb's Currencies of the HinduStates of Rajputdua, notice of,xiii. 338Cunningham's Coins of MediaevalIndia, notice of, xiv. 343Copper Coinage of KumaraGupta, xv. 167The Attribution of Certain SilverCoins of Sansaiiian Fabric, xvi.246READY, W. TALBOT :An Unpublished Variety of thePorto Bello Medal ;and aMedal on the Successes ofFrederick the Great, xx. 180RIDGEWAY, PBOF. W., M.A. :An Unpublished Penny of ArchbishopCranmer, xi. 418How far could the Greeks determinethe Fineness of Goldand Silver Coins?, xv. 104RODGERS, C. J. :Two new Coins from the Panjab,xvi. 268On a new Coin of Aspa-Varma,xix. 176Roman Family Coins found inIndia, xix. 263ROSTOWZEW, M. :A2PEA CITOY TAPCQ, xx. 96SANDEMAN, LT.-COL. J. G.,F.S.A.:On the Bezant of James I, xvi.254SCHINDLER,TUM:GEN. A. HOU-Curiosities in the .Imperial PersianTreasury, xviii. 93SELTMANN, E. J. -:Supposed Signs of Value on Early(Joins of Himera, xvii. 1The Type known as" TheDemos " on coins of Rhegium,xvii. 173The Picture of a Roman Mint inthe House of the Vettii, xviii.294The Seated Figure on SilverCoins of Rhegium,Nummi xix. 5Serrati and Astral Cointypes,xix. 322SIX, DR. J. P.:Monnaies Grecques, Inedites etIncertaines, xiv. 297 ;xv.169; xvii. 190Monnaies Grecques, xviii. 193Rhegiutn-locastos, xviii. 281SMITH, SAMUEL, JUNR.:Silver Coin of En-Nasir, xvii.250STEIN, M. A., PH.D. :Notes on the Monetary Systemof Ancient Kasmlr, xix. 125SVORONOS, J. N. :Tityros or Tisyros, xi. 417THEOBALD, W. :N ote on the Defacement of RomanAurei from Pudukota, xix.81THURSTON, EDGAR :A further Discovery of RomanCoins in Southern India, xi.199VOST, DR. W., and KING, L.WHITE, C.S.I., F.S.A.Novelties in Moghul Coins, xvi.155WARREN, COL. FALKLAND,C.M.G. :Notes on Coins found in Cyprus,xi. 140Notes on some Mediaeval Coinsof Cyprus, xii. 209WEBER, F. PARKES, M.D.,F.S.A. :Find of Roman Coins at Cologne,xii. 182Seventeenth- Century Medalet,xii. 253A Portrait Medal of Paracelsuson his Death, xiii. 60Richard, Eari of Cornwall, andhis corns, as King of theRomans, xiii. 278Medals and Medallions of theNineteenth Century, relating toEngland, by Foreign Artists,xiii. 286 ;xiv. 191

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.Summit of the Theodule Pass,Note on the Arms of Richard,Otanes and Phraates IV, xx. 89Discovery of Roman On the Coins on Re-arrangement ofthe Parthian Coinage, xx. 181Earl of Cornwall, xiv. 87xvii. 127Medal of Lieut.-Col. Sir P. Ross, WROTH, WARWICK, F.S.A.:-xiv. 7Svoronos' Numismatique de laPortrait Medal of Paracelsus,Crlte Ancienne, notice of, xi.xv. 154109Medals of Centenarians, &c., xv. Corrections as to Greek Coins in301;xvii. 309the British Museum, xi. 116Perkins' School Tokens of the Greek Coins acquired by theSeventeenth Century, xvi. British Museum in 1890, xi.262117; inThe 1; in 1892,Jenner Medal, xvi, 348xiii.l ;in 1893, xiv. 1 ;in 1894,Medals of Priam, Augustus, &c., xv. 89; in 1895, xvi. 85; inattributed to Alessandro Cessati,1896, xvii. 93 ;in 1897, xviii.xvii. 31497 ; in 1898, xix. 85 ; in 1899,xx. 1 ;in 1900, ib. 273Eupolemus, xi. 135Ambrosoli's Numismatica, noticeof, xi. 425Svoronos' Coins relating to theNurture of the Infant Zeus inCrete, notice of, xiii. 237Tickets of Vauxhall Gardens,xviii. 73Medals by W. Mossop, xvii.318WEBER, SIR HERMANN,M.D.:On Some Unpublished or RareGreek Coins, xii. 185, 331 ;xvi. 1Coins of Mende, xviii. 251On Finds of Archaic Greek Coinsin Lower E^ypt, xix. 269WHYMPER, E. :

GENEEAL INDEX.NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. THIRD SERIES.VOLS. XI. XX. 18911900.A.Aachen, coins struck at, xiii.278Aargau, Canton, coins of, xiii.149Abbasi Khalif, coin of G-hurshlstan,xiv. 88Abbasi Khalifs, coins of, xiii. 160,170, 172 ;xix. 265Abdera, Thrace, coins of, xii. 3,27; xiii. 4, 87; xvi. 11; xvii.273 ;xviii. 100 ;xx. 278Abdsasan, satrap of Sinope, coinof, xii. 253 ;xiii. 7Abd-ur-Rahman, cuins of, xvi. 307,341Aberystwith shillings, xvii. 152Abramson or Abrahamson, A.,medallist, xiv. 148Acarnania, coins of, xii. 9Accilaeum, Phrygia, coins of, xx.368Ace, Galilaea. era of Alexanderthe Great, xx. 370Achaean League, coins of the, xx.286Achaia, coins of, xix. 254Ad ana, Cilicia, coins of ,xv 192Adramyteum, Mysia, coins of, xiv.10; xviii. 107Aegae, Macedonia, coins of, xii.5; xv. 203Aegean Islands, coins of the, xviii.120Aeeina, coins of, xi. 127 ;xiii. 5 ;xix. 273 ;xx. 285Aegium, Achaia, coins of, xviii.292, 328 ;xx. 12Aelfwald I, King of Northumbria,coins of, xvii. 137Aelfwald II, King of Northumbria,coins of, xvii. 140Aelia Flaccilla, coius of, xii. 180Aelius Caesar, coins of, xvii. 59;xviii. 136, 139Aemilianus, coin of, xvii. 85Aenus, Thrace, coins of, xi. 118 ;xii. 4, 188 ;xvii. 274Aeolis, " coins of, xix. 256Aes signatum," xvii. 95Aethelbald, King of Wessex, coinsof, xiii. 40Aetheldaed of Mercia, her history,xiii. 222Aethelred I, King of Northumbria,styca of, xii. 87Aethelred I, King of "Wessex, coinof, xvii. 248Aethelred II, King of Northumbria,coins of, xx. 266Aethelred II, King of Wessex,coins of, xiii. 36 ;xv. 45 ;xvii.304 ;xix. 344 ;xx. 267Aethelstan I, King of East Auglia,coins of, xiv. 51Aethelstan, King of Wessex, coinsof, xiii. 220Aethelwulf ,King of Wessex, coinsof, xiv. 67 ;a new variety, xx.160Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, andBerhtwulf, King of Mercia,unique coin of, xx. 154Aetolian League, coin of, xi. 126Aezani, Phrygia, coin of, xix. 103Afghanistan, coins of, xvi. 277Agathocleg, African gold stater of,xiv. 237Agathopolis, Thracian Chersonese,coin of, xvi. 88" Agnus Dei " type on Saxoncoins, xi. 344Agreement to pay money in 1454,ihe performance of, xv. 164Agrippa, large coin of, xi. 153Agrippina and Caligula, coin of,xviii. 309

GENERAL INDEX.Agrippina and Nero, coin of, xvii. 44Ahmad Shah Wall Bahraan, coingof, xviii. 266Ailios, dynast of Scythia, coin of,xix. 89Ajax, son of Teucer, coins of, xix.189Aka Muhammad Khan, coinsof,xviii. 93Akbar, coins of, xvi. 160, 179Akragas, Sicily, coins of, xi. 365 ;xiv. 209Ala-ad-Dm Ahmad Shah, coins of,xviii. 267Ala-ad-Din Hasan Shah GanguBahmani, coins of, xviii- 263Ala-ad-Dm Humayun Shah, coinsof, xviii. 268Alabanda, Caria, under name ofAntiochia, xx. 368Alalia (?), Corsica, coin of, xii. 185Alamgir II, coins of, xvi. 175Albany, John, Duke of, and JamesV of Scotland, gold crown of,xi. 203Albinus, Clodius, coins of, xvii.120; xviii. 150Albiruni on the Vikrama and Sakaeras, xiv. 251Alchred, King of Northumbria,stycas of, xiii. 267 ; xvii. 135Alexander I of Macedon, coins of,xvi. 16 ;xvii. 277Alexander I.I, Zebina, of Syria,coins of, xii. 36 xvii. 115;Alexander III (the Great) of Macedon,coins of, xi. 122 ;xii.26; xiii. 3, 11 ;xiv. 3, 186;xv. 199 ;xvii. 101 ;xviii. 99 ;xx. 277Alexander III (the Great), coins ofSide under, xvii. 196Alexander III (the Great), era of,in Phoenicia, xx. 369Alexander III (the Great), medalof, xvii. 314Alexander III (the Great), portraitureof, xx. 364Alexander III of Scotland, coinsof, xviii. 10, 36Alexander IV, Aegus, coin of, xii .26; portrait of, xx. 371Alexander, son of Crateros, coinof, struck at Carystus, xiv. 299Alexander, tyrant of Pherae, coinsof, xi. 124 ;xvii. 104Alexander Bala, coins of, XT. 148Alexander Severus, see Severus,AlexanderAlexandria, Egypt, imperial coinsof, xvii. 117; xx. 371Alexandria, Troas, coins of, xviii.109 ;xix. 98Alfred the Great, King of Wessex,coins of, xx. 266All Mahommed, of Afghanistan,coins of, xvi. 289Alyzia, Acarnania, coin of, xx. 284Amadocus II (?), King of theOdrysae, coin of, xi. 119Amastris, Paphlagonia, coins of,xv. 275 ;xviii. 328Amathus, Cyprus, coins of, xvi. 31Amaury, King of Cyprus, coin of,xii. 216Amawls of Spain, coin of, xii. 162Amblada, Pisidia, coin of, xix. 106Ambrosoli, Solone, his Manuale diNumismatica noticed, xi. 425 ;xv. 162Amir-el-Umara, coin of, xii. 170Amisus, Pontus, coin of, xx. 16Amorium, Phrygia, coin of, xiii. 14Amphipolis, Macedonia, coins of,xii. 25; xvii. 99Amphora letters on coins ofAthens, xix. 288Amyntas, Galatia, coin of. xx. 367ANAN engraver at Messana, xvi.123Anchiale, Cilicia, coins of, xiv. 320Andragoras, satrap of Parthia,coin of, xiii. 204Andrieu, B., medallist, xiii. 291 ;xiv. 148Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, its valueas a record, xx. 66Anglo-Saxon coins, find of, xiv.29 ; unique, xx. 148 ;unpublishedvarieties of, ib. 265Anglo-Saxon "trientes," xiii. 259Animals on Greek coins, xx. 373Antandrus, Troas, coins of, xviii.109 ;xix. 1Antigonus, King of Asia, coins of,xviii. 219 ;xx. 7Antimachus, King of Bactria, titleof Theos, xviii. 332 ;coin of,xix. 107Antioch, chronological classificationof coins of the Constantinoperiod of, xix. 208Antiochia ad Cragum, coins of, XT,287

10 GENERAL INDEX.Antiochia ad Orontem, coin of,xviii. 33 1Antiochia, Pisidia, coin of, xx. 21Antiochia, Syria, coins of, xx. 369Antioehia-Gferasa, Decapolis, titleof, xx. 369Antiochus I, King of Syria, coinsof, struck for Babylon, xviii.222, 2bO, 240, 243Antlochus II, King of Syria, coinsof, struck for Babylon, xviii. 227Antiochus III, King of Syria,coins of, x\ ii. 21Antiochus V (Eupator), King ofSyria, coins of, xvii. 213Antiochus VI, King of Syria, coinof, xx. 294Antiochus VIII (Grypus) and Cleopatraof Syria, coin of, xx. 25Antiochus Hierax, King of Syria.coins of, xviii 233, 239Antoiiia, coins of, xi. 200 ;xviii.308Antonia family, coins of, xvii. 36Antoninus Pius, coins of, xi. 414 ;xiii. 13, 19; xv. 288; xvii. 59 ;xviii. 106, 112, 136, 169; xx. 22Antoninus Pius, medallions of,xi. 154 ;xvi. 47Antoninus Pius and M. Aurelius,coin of, xi. 146Antony, Mark, coin of, xix. 263Antwerp, relief of, in 1577, medallionof, xvi. 273Apamea, Phrygia, coins of, xviii.330 ;xx. 368Aperlae, dynasts of, xv. 17Aphrodisias, Caria, coins of, xviii.330 ;xx. 368Apollonia ad Rhyndacum, coin of,xix. 96Apollonia Pontica, Thrace, coin of,xx. 280Apollonius Tyaneus, contorniateof, xv. 302Aptera, Crete, coins of, xi. 128;xx. 15Aquilia Severa, coins of, xvi. 196 ;xvii. 123Arabia, coins of, xix. 259Arabic coins, xii. 160 ;xiii. 76Aradus, Phoenicia, coins of, xi.133; xii. 174; xiii. 20; xviii.331 ;xx. 370Aramaic coin, xi. 133Arbbim, dynast of Lycia (?), coinsof, xv. 37Arcadia, coins of, xii. 28 ;xix.255 ;xx. 366Arcadians, obolus of, with OA, xv.271Arcadius, coins of, xii. 181Archaic coins of Gyrene, xi. 1Archaic Greek coins, xii. 189, 202Archelaus, King of Cappadocia,coins of, xvii. 115ABDOKHSHO, legend on coins ofthe Kushans, xii. 77, 112, 127,143ARDVIKHSKO, legend on coinsof the Kushans, xii 101Arethusa, head of, on Syracusancoins, xi. 243Argos, Argolis, coins of, xviii.293; xx. 366Ariarathes IX, King of Cappadocia,portrait of, xviii. 331Arion on dolphin on Vauxhalltickets, xviii. 70Aristaeus on coins of Rhegium,xvii. 180Arsaces I, King of ParthU, coinsof, xx. 190 et seqq.Arsaces II, King of Parthia, coinof, xiii. 296Arsacid Kings of Parthia, list of,xx. 183 ; portraits of, \b. 370Arsacidae, coins of the, xiii. 203Arsacidae of Elymais, coins of the,xiii. 217Arsinoe II of Egypt, coins of, xx.371Artabanus I, King of Parthia,coins of, xiii. 210 ;xx. 184 ctseqq.Artabanus II, King of Parthia,coins of, xx. 195 et seqq.Artist, a new Syracusau, xi. 231Artumbara, dynast of Telmissus(?), coin of, xv. 32Aruvadiyasi, dynast of Lycia,coin of, xv. 38Asia Minor, electrum coins of, xvi.99Aspavarma, an Indian Prince, coinof, xix. 176A spend us, Pamphylia, coins of,"xv. 2S6As soone as wee to Ve begunne,"&c., medalet inscribed, xii. 253Assus, My>-ia, coin of, xii. 203Astral coin types and ' ' nummi serrati,"xix. 322Athens, Attica, coins of,xi. 1^6

GENERAL INDEX. 11222, 364; xiii. 5 ;xv. 172;xviii. 289 ;xix. 93, 253, 288 ;xx. 365Athens, coin cabinet at, xiii, 234Athens, gold coin of Mithradatesof Fontus, struck at, xvii. 105Athens, initial coinage of, xiii.241, 247A0AA on medallions ofSyracuse,xi. 213, 239Athol coinage for the Isle ofMan, xix. 59ATHSHO, legend on coins ofthe Kushaus, xii. 75, 105, 107,132Atrax, Thessaly, coins of, xvi. 16Attaea, Mysia, coin of, xx. 288Attic Standard, Solon's reform ofthe, xvii. 284Attuda, Phrygia, coins of, xii. 17 ;xiii. 14Augustus, coins of, xi. 199; xiii.17 ;xvii. 40 ;xviii. 305 ;xix. 264Augustus, Cypriote coin of, xi.146Augustus, medal of, xvii. 314Aurangzib, coins of, xvi. 169, 180Aurei, Eoman, found in India,xviii. 305Aurelianus, coins of, xvi. 241 ;xvii. 129; xvrii. 118 ;xx. 216Aurelius, Marcus, coins of, xi.414; xvii. 61, 132; xviii. 140,170; xx. 12, 19, 23, 33Aurelius, Marcus, medallion of, xi.156Aurelius and Antoninus, coin ofCyprus, xi. 146Aurelius and Verus, coin of Sehaste,xv. 278ATTO KPATOP02, title, its earliestoccurrence on coins of Parthia,&c., xx. 193Autophradates of Tarsus, &c.,coins of, xiv. 326Ayyub Khan of Afghanistan, coinsof, xvi. 301Ayyubis, coins of the, xii. 169 ;xiii. 76BBaana of Myriandros, coins of, xiv.332Babar, coins of. xvi. 158Babel on, E., Catalogue des MonnaiesGrecques, Jtois de Syrie, noticed,xi. 113; Monnaies det JRois deSidon, &c., noticed, ib. 422 ;Melanges Numismatiques, noticed,xiii. 234 ; Catalogue des Monnaitsdes Perses Achemenides, &c.,noticed, ib. 336 ;Lea Originexde la Monnaie, noticed, xviii.278Bactria, coin of Antimachus, xviii.332Bactrian Kings, portraiture of, xx.370Bahmam Dynasty, coins of the,xviii. 259Bahrfeldt, Major M., his Miinzkundeder romischen Republik,noticed, xvii. 245Bahri Memluks, coins of the, xii.169Baillot, Louis Victor, medal of,xvii. 311Balcombe, Sussex, find of coins at,xviii. 8Baldred, King of Kent, coins of,xiv. 43 ; expelled by Ecgberht,xx. 79Barakzai dynasty, coins of the,xvi. 277Barce, Cyrenaica, coins of, xiv. 17Bardney, the mint of, disproved,xvii. 302Bargasa, Caria, coins of, xx. 368Bari, coins of Henry I found at,xii. 83Baris, Pisidia, coins of, xiv. 15 ;xviii. 17Barnt-taple, mint of, its history,xvii., 302 ;xviii. 274Baronial coin of the reign ofStephen, xvi. 275Barre, D. A., medallist, xiv. 149Barre, J. J., medallist, xiii. 291 ;xiv. 149Barsurie, Spain, coin of, xx. 363BAS I A EYONTO2, title on Parthianand Bactrian coins, xx. 94,95Basle, bracteates of, xix. 16Batchworth Bridge Token, xiii.283Batiha, coin of a chief of the, xii.165Bauert, G. V., medallist, xiii. 292Bawendi, coins uf the, xii. 165,170Beaumont, Louis, Bishop of Durham,his coinage, xv. 291

12 GENERAL LNDEX.Bern Rasul, coins of, struck atSan'a, &c., xiv. 88Beni Zongi, coins of the, xii.168Beornwulf, King of Mercia, coinsof, xiv. 38Berenice II of Egypt, coin of, xx.296Beresford, Rt. Hon. John andhis wife, medallion of, xvii.319Berhtwulf, King of Mercia, andAethelwulf, King of Wessex,unique coin of, xx. 154Berlin Academy, Die AntikenMimzen Nordgriechenlaitds, noticed,xix. 362Berlin, coins ot the South AfricanRepublic btruck at, xx. 257Museum, Greek coins in the,xiv. 179Berne, bracteates of, xix. 19Berwick, coins struck at, xviii. 23,74Beudus Vetus, Phrygia, coins of,xvi. 25Bezant of James I, xvi. 254Bharana or Jarana, coins of, xiv.284Bibliographical notes on GreekNumismatics, xviii. 326 ; xix.251 ;xx. 363Bierens, Cornelia, medal of, xv.310Birmingham, Transvaal coinsstruck at, xx. 253Bisaltae, Macedonia, coin of, xvii.277Bishop's Wood, Ross-on-Wye,Roman coins found at, xvi. 209Bithynia, uncertain coin of, xviii.329 ;coins of, xix. 256Bithynian coin of Nicomedes II(r% xi. 130Bithynium, coin of, xviii. 105Blachere, , medallist, xiii. 292Blanchet, A., his Monnaies Grecques,noticed, xiv. 184Boars head mint-mark on coins ofEdward V, xv. 117Bodleian Collection, Gupta coinsin, xi. 60 ;unpublished or rarecoins of Smyrna in, xx. 203Bodostor of Sidon, coins of, xiv.334Boehm, Sir J. E.,- medallist, xiii.293 ;xiv. 150Boeotia, coins of, xvi. 17; xviii.327 ;xix, 253Bokhara, coin of Nadir Shahstruck at, xii. 88Bonnardel, P. A. H., medallist,xiv. 150Borrel, V. M., medallist, xiii. 293Bovy, J. F. A., medallist, xiii.294 ;xiv. 151Box, bronze, Roman, found atHonley, xvii. 293Boyard, , medallist, xiii. 296Bracteates, Swiss, xix. 12Breed veld, Pietertje, medal of, xv.309Brenet, L., medallist, xiii. 296Brenet, N. G. A., medallist, xiii.296Bretigny, the treaty of, xviii. 66Bretwalda, title of, xx. 78Brichaut, A., medallist, xiv. 151Brickendonbury, Roman coinsfound at, xvi. 191Bridport, Alexander Hood, 1stViscount, medal of, xii. 300Brigantes, coins of the, xvii. 293Bristol, coins struck at, xviii. 22 ;tokens of, xix. 350British coins, discovery of, nearWatford, xvi., 183 ; at Honley,xvii. 293British Museum, Greek coins acquiredby the, in 1889, corrections,xi. 110 ;in 1590, ib. 117 ;in 1891, xii. 1 ;in 1892, xiii. 1 ;in 1893, xiv. 1 ;in 1894, xv. 89 ;in 1895, xvi. 85 ;in 1896, xvii.93 ;in 1897, xviii. 97 ; in 1898,xix. 85 ;in 1899, xx. 1 in 1900,;ib. 273British Museum, new Medal Roombuilt, xiii. 79British Museum, Swiss Bracteatesin the, xix. 12Britomartis on Cretan coins, xiv.182Briula, Lydia, coin of, xiii. 13Bronze box, Roman, found atHonley, xvii. 293Bronze rings, late Celtic, found atHonley, xvii. 296Broughton, John Cam, Lord, medalof, xii. 242Brnzus and Ococlea, alliance of,xii. 208Buddha on coins of Kanishka, xii.57, 62, 80, 158

GENERAL INDEX. 13Burgdorf, bracteates of, xix. 19Burgers, Thomas. President of theTransvaal Republic, issues goldcoins, xx. 253, 254Burgred, King of Mercia, coinsof, xvii. 248 ;xx. 266Bury, Bishop de, of Durham, hiscoins, xi. 164 ;xv. 290Bury St. Edmunds, coins of, xvii.243 ;xviii. 24Butting bull, evolution of type of,on Sicilian, &c., coins, xvi. 135Buweyhls, coins of the, xii. 162,170CCadbury Camp, Clevedon, coinsfound near, xvi. 238Cadyanda, Syria, coins of, xviii.200, 212Caesarea, Cappadocia, coins of, xx.367Caesarea - Germanica, Bithynia,coin of, xv. 98Caesarea-Panias, Trachonitis, coinof, xx. 294Caesarea and Smyrna, coin of, xvi.99Caesius, L., monogram on denariusof, xv. 162Calchedon, Bithynia, coins of, xii.15 ;xx. 287Gales, Campania, coin of, xvi. 186Caligula, coins of, xi. 200 ;xvii.43 ;xviii. 309, 310 ;xx. 207Caligula and Agrippina, coin of,xviii. 309Camarina, Sicily, coins of, xi. 292,365 ;xvii. 24Cambridge, Saxon sceattas foundnear, xiv. 8 ;Roman denariifound near, xvii. 119, 251Came, Aeolis, coin of, xvi. 94Camirus, Rhodes, coin of, xvi. 25Campano-Tarentine coins, xvi. 188Camperdown, Viscount, medals of,xi. 66Candyba, Lycia, coins of, xviii.200Canterbury, short cross pennies of,xvii. ^39 ;aede vacante coins, xiv.47 ;coins of, in the BalcombeFind, xviii. 23, 24, 27Cappadocia, coins of, xix. 258Capsa, Macedonia, coin of, xx. 275Caque, A. A., medallist, xiii. 298 ;xiv. 152Caracalla, coins of, xi. 415, 416 ;xiii. 14; xv. 284, 285 ;xvi. 194 ;xvii. 72, 171 ;xviii. 105, 112, 157,174 ;xx. 8, 23, 29, 34, 100Carausius, coins of, xvi. 244, 346 ;xx. 30, 48Cardia, Thraeian Chersonese, coinsof, xv. 185Cardiff, Roman coins and ringsfound at Sully, near, xx. 27Carhayes, Cornwall, Roman coinsfound at, xx. 209Caria, coins of, xix. 256Cartimandua, coin of, xvii. 293Carthage, coins of, xi. 302, 304 ;xix. 110; coin of, struck in Sicily,xx. 275Carystus, Euboea, coins of, xii. 31 ;xviii. 288Carystus, Euboea, coin struck byAlexander, son of Crateros, xiv.299Catana, Sicily, coins of, xi. 292,365Catana and Leontini, alliance coinof, xvi. 128Catherine Cornaro of Cyprus, coinof, xii. 218Cato, M., quinarius of, xiv. 99Caulonia, Bruttii, coin of, xvii.98Caunois, F. A., medallist, xiii. 300Cebren, Troas, restoration of, asAntiochia, xx. 367Celenderis, Cilicia, coins of, xii. 36 ;xvi. 25Cennatis, Cilicia, coins of, xix. 181Centenarians, medals of, xv. 301 ;xvii. 309CeolDoth, Archbishop of Canterbury,coins of, xiv. 50Ceolwulf I, King of Mercia, coinsof, xiv. 35Cerasus, Pontus, coin of, xiii. 7Ceretapa, Phrygia, coin of, xvi. 97Cesati, Alessandro, medallibt, xvii,314Ceylon, coins and tokens of, xv. 211Chach-Nama, a history of Sindh,quoted, xiv. 248Chalcetor, Caria, coins of, xx. 368Chalcidice, coins of, xvii. 100;xviii. 99Chalcis, Euboea, coin of, xviii. 289Chalmers, Robert, his History of

14 GENERAL INDEX.the Currency in the British Colonies, Clodius Albinus, see Albinus, CloaiusLeague, noticed, xvii. 246 129noticed, xiii. 228Chandra Gupta I, coins of, xi. 52Cnidus, Caria, coins of, xi. 131 ;Gupta II, coins of, xi. 54 xii. 35, 204 ;xvdi. 330 ;xx. 368Characene, coins of, xix. 259Cnossus, Crete, coins of, xiii. 11 ;Chares of Sigeium, coins of, xiv. xvi. 18, 90; xx. 366306Cnut, King of England, coins of,Charlemagne, coin of, found in xiii. 36; xv. 45 ;xvii. 304 ;xx.England, xiv. 69Charles I, coins of, legends on, xii.268Codrula, Pisidia, coin of, xv. 101267, 275 ;found at East WorlingtonCoemvuif , King of Mercia, coins of,and Crediton, xvii. 150, xiv. 31165 ;local mints of, ib. 154, 166 ; Coining, process of, in house of thenew variety ot half-groat of, xx. Vettii, at Pompeii, xvi. 5388Charles II, coins of, legends on, xii.Colbassa, Pisidia, coins of, xx. 22Colchester, find of coins at, xi. 413268, 277 ;found at Crediton. xvii. Colchis (?), coin of, xiii. 88168Cologne, Roman coins found at,Charles IX of France, counter of, xii. 179; coins struck at, xiii.xvi. 271Chersonnesus, coin of, xii. 198279Colophon, Ionia, coins of, xv. 279 ;Chester and Leicester,Saxon mints of, xi. 12Anglo- xix. 278 its ; magistrate, xx. 367Colybrassus, Cilicia, coin of, xx. 292Chevreul, Michel E., medals of, Combe's Catalogue of the Hunterxv. 313Collection, corrections in, x"vi. 144Chichester, short cross pennies Commodus, coins of, xi. 415; xiii.struck at, xvii. 24221, 23 ;xvi. 192 ;xvii. 57 ;xviii.Chios, coins of, xix. 276115,170; xx. 11Christian emblems on Roman coins, Commodus, medallions of, xi. 157 ;xvi. 223Chur, bracteates of, xix. 20Cibyra, Phrygia, coin of, xvi. 98xvi. 51Cornnenus, Isaac, coins of, xi. 147 ;xii. 209Cidramus, Caria, coin of, xviii. 112 Constance, bracteates of, xix. 20Cieriuin, Thessaly, coins of, xix. Constans, coins of, xvi. 228, 236,91245 ;xix. 238, 239 ;xx. 354Cilbiani Superiores, Lydia, coin of, et seqq.xiii. 13Constantino I, the Great, coins of,Cilicia, coins of, xii. 35 ;xv. 203 ;xvi. 215, 234; xvii. 13'2; xix.xix. 258Cios, coins of, xiv. 311211 et seqq. xx. Ill et; seqq. ;301seqq.Cirta, Numidia, coins of, xx. 271 Constantino I, period of, coinsCitium, Cyprus, coins of, xi. 142 struck at Antioch, xix. 208 ;atClaudius I, coins of, xi. 146, 201 ; London, xx. 108 ;at Siscia, ib.xvii. 43 ;xviii. 310297Claudius II, Gothicus, coins of, Constantino II, coins of, xvi. 225,xvi. 212, 240 ;xvii. 132 ;xx. 236 ;xvii. 129 ;xix. 229 et seqq. ;2 10, 344xx. 135 et seqq., 324 et seqq.Clazomenae, Ionia,' coins of, xv." Constantinopolis," coins of, xvi.283 ;xviii. 3292 19, 236; xvii. 133 ;xix. 238 ;xx.Clazomenae, Ionia, coins -wrongly 355 et seqq.attributed to, xi. 9Constantius I, Chli.rus, coins of,Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII xvi. 244; xix. 211 et aeqq. ; xx.(Grypus) of Syria, coins of, xx. 110, 301 et seqq.25Constantius II, coins of, xvi. 229,Clerk, Major-Gen. M. G., his Catalogue236 ;xx. 146, 346 et seqq.of the Coins of the Achaean Constantius Gallun, coins of,xvii.

GENERAL INDEX. 15Coorg, medal of, xvii. 249Coquardon, , medallist, xiii. 300Cormth, coins of, xiii. 24;xiv. 4;xviii. 290 ;xix. 254, 273 ;xx.286, 365Corn, distribution of, at Tarsus, &c.,tesserae of, xx. 96, 103, 105Cornaro, Catherine, of Cyprus, coinof, xii. 218Corneille, P., medal of, xv. 308Cornelia gens, coin of, xvii. 38Curoneia, Boeotia, coins of, xviii.287Corpus Numorum, die antiken Mi'mzenNordgriechenlands, noticed,xix. 362Cos, coins of, xii. 205; xvi. 25 ;xix.103, 257; xx. 18, 3b8Cos, nnd of coins at, xi. 1Cossura, coins of, xx. 372Cotys II, King of Bosporus, coinof, xvii. 112Couriguer, , medallist, xiii. 301 ;xiv. 152Cranmer, Archbishop, penny struckby, xi. 418Crannon, Thessaly, coin of, xx. 365Crediton, find of coins at, xvii.159Crete, coins of, xi. 109, 128 ;xii.201; xiii. 237; xiv. 89; xviii.328 ;xix. 255Crete, province of, coins of, xx. 366Crimisus, Sicily, omen of, xiv.233 ;altar of, xvi. 140Crispina, coins of, xviii. 149, 170 ;xx. 208Crispus, coin of, xvi. 223 xix. 229; et seqq. ; xx. 135 et seqq., 324et seqq,Croesus, coin of, xviii. 116Cromwell, Oliver, coins of, xii. 268,276Croton, Bruttii, coins of, xii, 23 ;xvi. 5, 106 ; xvii. 12, 271 ;xviii.326Croton and Messana, coin of, xvii.13Croton and Sybaris, coin of, xvi. 9Cufic coins, xiii. 30Cumae, Campania, coins of, xvi. 1Cunningham, Sir Alexander, hisCoins of Mediaeval India, noticed,xiv. 343Cupids, three, on Vauxhall tickets,xviii. 83Cutch, the coinage of, xv. 59Cuthred, King of Kent, coins of,xiv. 43Cyclades, coins of the, xix. 255Cydoma, Crete, coins of, xiv. 9,100Cyme, ^Eolis, coins of, xii. 17 ;xv.99Cyprus, coins of, xi. 140 ;xvi. 29-32 ;xix. 258Cyprus, mediaeval coins of, xi. 147 ;xii. 209Gyrene, coins of, xi. 1, 266 xii. ; 19,38 ;xiii. 91 ;xvii. 220, 279 ;xviii.119 ;xix. 109, 175, 259, 280-287 ;xx. 371Cyrrhestica, coins of, xv. 206Cythera, coins of, xii. 13Cythnos (?), coin of, xvi. 20Cyzicus, Mysia, coins of, xii. 16,32, 96; xiii. 8, 81 ;xvi. 20, 91 ;xvii. 112, 253-258; xviii. 108,197, 329 ;xx. 367Cyzicus, Mysia, decree of, xix. 1D.Daege, E., painter and medallist,xiv. 152Daldis, Lydia, coin of, xiii. 13Damareteion, history of the, xi.525 ;a new die of the, xiv. 189 ;its place in the Syracusan coinage,ib. 195Dantzell, J., medallist, xiii. 301Dardanus, Troas, coins of, xii. 16 ;xx. 17Darius III of Persia, coins of, xv.206Datamas of Cappadocia, coins of,xv. 169David II of Scotland, coins of,xviii. 10, 36David d' Angers, P. J., medallist,xiii. 301 ;xiv. 153Ddanavala of Lycia, coins of, xv^37Dean, Forest of, Roman coinsfound in, xvi. 210Decentius, coins of, xvii. 130Defaced Roman coins found inIndia, xviii. 304Deities, &c., on Greek coins, xx.372Delmatius, coins of, xvi. 224, 235 ;xix. 239 ; xx. 358 et seqq.Delos, coins of, xii. 201 ;xv. 179xx. 16, 287

16 GENERAL INDEX.Deloye, Gr., medallist and sculptor,xiv. 153'Delphi, Phocis, coins of, xiii. 21 ;xviii. 101 ;xx. 365Demeter, head of, xi. 310; oncoins, xii. H3Demetrius, coin of, struck inAetolia, xiv. 297Demetrius Poliorcetes, coins of,xiii. 3 ;xx. 364Demetrius II, Nicator, of Syria,coins of, xv. 199 ;xx. 24Demos, the, on coins of Rhegium,xvii. 173 ;xviii. 281Dendrophoros on coins of Magnesia,Ionia, xv. 284D'Eon, Chevalier, medal of, xi. 78Depaulis, A. J., medallist, xiii.'606Derby family, coinage of, for Isleof Man, xix. 50Desaide-Roquelay, , publisher ofmedals, xiv. 153Desboeufs, A., medallist, xiii. 307'Descente en Angleterre, medals' 'of, xiii. 326Desforges, , medallist, xiv. 154Deva Shahi Khinggila, coins of,xiv. 278Diadumenianus, coins of, xvi.195 ;xvii. 76 ; xviii. 164, 178Dicaea, Macedonia, coins of, xiii. 1Dicaea, Thrace, coins of, xvi. 12 ;xvii. 22, 275 ;xix. 270Dictynna, Crete, coin of, xx. 366Didius Julianus, coins of, xvii. 68 ;xviii. 150, 171Diocletian, coins of, xvi. 213, 243 ;xvii. 132 ;xx. 29, 30, 32, 57Dionysius of Syracuse, tin coinageof, xi. 359 ; monetary frauds of,xiv. 216Disselboom, the, on Transvaalcoins, xx. 257Dissenhofen, bracteate of, xix. 22Domard, J. F., medallist, xiii.308; xiv. 154Domitian, coins of, xiii. 13, 24;xiv. 100 ;xvii. 53, 55 ;xviii.130 ;xix. 186Donadio, , medallist, xiii. 309A12PEA CITOY TAP2Q, xx. 96Dortmund, coin of, xiii. 279Dost Mohammad of Afghanistan,coins of, xvi. 284, 327, 329, 331Double daric of Persian king, xi,133Dove, the Holy, on Saxon coins,xix. 344Droz, J. P., medallist, xiii. 310Drusus, Nero, coins of, xviii. 308Dubnovellaunus, new coin of, xi.198Dubois, A., medallist, xiii. 311Dubois, E. J., medallist, xiii. 315 ;xiv. 155Dubois, F., medallist, xiii. 315;xiv. 154DVMNOVE, legend on Britishcoins, xvii. 299Duppa, Richard, medal of, xi. 68Dupre, A., medallist, xiii. 316Durand, A., medallist, xiii. 317 ;xiv. 155Durham, Episcopal coins ofBishops de Bury and Hatfield,xi. 164 ;xiii. 55 ;xv. 290 ;foundat Balcombe, xviii. 23, 25, 28,52, 56Dutch coins current in Ceylon, xv.225Dyce, William, medal of, xi. 69Dyrrachium, Illyria, coins of, xx.365E.Eadberht II, King of Kent, coinof, xiv. 42Eadgar, King of Wessex, coins of,xx. 267Eadred, King of Wessex, coins of,xx. 266Eanbald I and II, Kings of Northumbria,coins of, xvii. 138Eanred, King of Northumbria,coins of, xx. 265Earle-Fox collection, Greek coinsin the, xviii. 286Earrings, their forms on Syracueancoins and medallions, xi. 282East Anglia, find of coins in, xiv.51East Worlington, find of coins at,xvii. 145Eastern Counties, find of coins inthe, xviii. 126Eaton, D. J., medal of, xi. 70Eberlein, G-., medallist, xiii. 318Ecgberht, Archbishop of York,styca of, xiii. 267Ecgberht or Ecgbeorht, King ofWessex, coins of, xiv. 57 ;struckfor Mercia, ib. 62 and xx. 82

GENERAL INDEX. 17159 ; xx. H8;a new variety,ib. 161Ecgberht, King- of Wessex, ofKentish origin, xx. 68 ;strikescoins for Kent, 71 ; expelledfrom England, 72 : visits Charlemagneand appointed governorin Denmark, 73 ;marries St.Ida, 74 ;returns to England, 75,76 ; conquers Kent, 79 ;hisfirst coinage as King of Wessex,81; his other mints, 81,83 ; conquers Mercia and strikescoins in London, 82, 159 ;hisdeath, 85 ;his titles on charters,86Edmonds, G., medal of, xi. 71Edward the Confessor, coins of,xvii. 305 ;xx. 269Edward I, coins of, xviii. 9, 51Edward II, coins of, xviii. 9, 51Edward III, coins of, xii. 256,269 ;xiii. 46 ; xvi. 78, 80 ;xviii.9, 12, 45, 52Edward III, earliest gold coins of,xx. 229, 231 et seqq.Edward HI, find of silver coins ofthe time of, xvi. 72Edward III, half-noble of thirdcoinage of, xx. 162Edward III, wardrobe counters of,xv. 168; xx. 242Edward IV, coins of, xi. 180 ;xii.222, 272, 290 ; xx. 166, 171Edward IV, gold coins of, imitationsof, found at Fischenich, xiii. 30Edward V, coins of, xv. 117 ;xx.166, 174Edward VI, coins of, xi. 202 ; xvii.147, 162Edward VI, types and legends oncoins of, xii. 265, 273Effingham, Thomas Howard, 3rdEarl of, xi. 72 ; xii. 304Egerton, J., medal of, xi. 72E 87pt> coins of, xviii. 332 ;xix.259 ;xx. 370Egypt, Lower, archaic Greek coinsfound in, xix 269Einsiedeln, bracteates of, xix. 22Ela^rabalus, coins of, xi. 417 ;xvi.195; xvii. 78, 122, 252; xviii.165, 178 ;xx. 30, 36Elatea, Phocis, coin of, xviii . 288Eldon, Earl of, medals of, xi. 73Elea, Epirus, coin of, xx. 10Electnim coin, uncertain, xix. IllEleutherna, Crete, coin of, xvii.IllElis, coins of, xi. 127 ; xii. 11, 28,192 ;xiv. 7 ;xvii. 106 ;xviii.292, 328 ;xix. 254 ;xx. 365Elizabeth, coins of, xi. 203 ;xvii.147, 162Elizabeth, phoenix medalet of,xvi. 274Elizabeth, ryals of, xii. 266Elizabeth, unpublished copperhalfpenny of, xiv. 84Elizabeth, unpublished gold coinsof, xv. 165El-Kahir, gold coins of, xix. 266Elliott, G. A., medals of, xi. 74Elphinstone, Mountstuart, medalof, xi. 76Elstree token, xiii. 285Elyros, Crete, coins of, xiv. 95Emporium, Spain, coin of, xx. 363Emptmeyer, C., medallist, xiii. 318Engel and Serrure, Traite de Numismatiquedu Moyen-Age, noticed,xi. 114; xiv. 294Engelberg, bracfeat^s of, xix. 22England, first gold coins of, xx.218Englefield, Sir H. C., medal o ,xi. 77En-Nazir, Imam of San' a, coin of,xvii. 250Eon, Chevalier d', medal of, xi. 78Ephesus, Ionia, coins of, xiv. 14 ;xvi. 95; xviii. 110, 230; xix.99 ;xx. 289, 367Ephthalites, the, coins of, xiv. 243Epidaurus, Argolis, coins of, xii.14 .ERIOANOYS, title, on coins ofParthia, xx 194Epirus, coins of, xix. 253Eretria, coins of, xiii. 157, 158,242, 252 ;xv. 95Eriza, coins of, xv. 101Erskine and Gibbs, medals of, xi.79Erythrae, Ionia, coin of, xviii. 112Eryx, Sicily, coins of, xi. 365 jxvi. 10, 86Etera, Crete, coins of, xiv. 97Ethelred, see AethelredEtruria, silver system of, as affectedby Dionysios, xiv. 226Etruria, uncertain coin of, xx. 2Etruscilla, coins of, xvii. 83 ; xx.30, 44

18 GENERAL INDEX.Etiboea, coins of, xii. 191 ;xviii.289, 297; xix. 92Euboic standard, coins of the,xvii. 281Eudocia, coin of, xii. 182Eugenius, coin of, xii. 180Eukra tides, King of Bactria, coinof, xii. 37Eumenes, the Syracusan engraver,xi. 263Eupolemus, King of Paeonia, coinsof, xi. 135Eurea, Thessaly, coin of, xvi. 88Euromus, Caria, absorbed inlasa, xx. 368My-Eustace, coins of, xvi. 66 ; forgedcoins of, xix. 207EY9, the engraver, xi. 264Evaenetos, the Syracusan coin engraver,xi. 208, 258 ;his artisticcoins, ib. 289 medallions; by,xiv. 218Evagoras I of Cyprus, coins of,xi. 143 ;xx. 369Evagoras II of Cyprus, coin of,xvi. 30Evans, Rev. C., medal of, xi. 82Evans, Sir John, K.C.B., medal of,xi. 82 ;medallion of, xix. pi. xi.Ewing, W., medal of, xi. 81Exeter, coins of, xvii. 152 ;shortcross pennies of, ib. 212Exmouth, Viscount, medal of, xi. 83EXPECTATE VENI on coins ofCarausius, xx. 50F.Faiz Mahommed Khan of Afghanistan,coins of, xvi. 307Family coins, Roman, found inIndia, xix. 263Farrukh Siyar, coins of, xvi. 171Fasti Arabici, xii. 160Fath 'All Shah, coins of, xviii. 93Fatiims, coins of, xii. 169Fausta, coins of, xix. 233 ;xx.147, 347 et seqq.Faustina I, coins of, xi. 414 ;xvii.24; xvii. 132; xviii. 139, 170Faustina I, medallions of, xi. 154 ;xvi. 48Faustina, II, c ins of, xiii. 17 ;xv.288; xvii. 64. 132; xviii. 143,170; xx. 18, 207Fellowes, R., medal of, xi. 85Fereday, S., medals of, xi. 85Ferguson, R., medal of, xi. 86Ferguson, Rt. Hon. R. C., medalof, xi. 88Ferguson, Sir R. C., medals of, xi.87Ferrie, A., medal of, xi. 89Fibula on a Greek coin, xvii. 265Fibula found at Honley, xvii. 296" Fides Militum," on coin of Carausius,xx. 56Fielding, Sir J., medal of, xi. 90Finds of coins :Anglo-Saxon, xiv. 29Balcombe, xviii. 8Bari, xii. 83Bishop's Wood, xvi. 209Brickendonbury, xvi. 191Cadbury Camp, xvi. 238Cambridge, xiv. 18 ;xvii. 119,251Carhayes, Cornwall, xx. 209Colchester, xi. 413Cologne, xii. 179Cos, xi. 1Crediton, xvii. 159East Worlington, xvii. 145Eastern Counties, xviii. 126Fischenich, xiii. 26France, xvii. 235Greek coins, xix. 261 : xx. 373Groats of Edward IV HenryVIII, xii. 278 ;of Henry VI-VII, xx. 166Guisborough, xvi. 72Hitchin, xvii. 24 SHonley, near Huddersfield, xvii.293India, xix. 263Lipari Islands, xvi. 185Lower Egypt, xix. 269Mende, Macedonia, xviii. 251Mesnina, Sicily, xvi. 101Naxos, Sicily, xi. 374Nesboe, Norway,xiii. 36Pudukota, India, xviii. 304 ;xix. 81, 82Santa Maria di Licodia, Sicily,xi. 217Skye, xiii, 220Sully, near Cardiff, xx. 27Theodule Pass, xvii. 127Tripoli, xix. 175Vellalore, India, xi. 199Villabate, Palermo, xiv. 201Wallingford, xii. 220Western Sicily,xi. 3(54Whaplode,xi. 202

GENERAL INDEX. 19Imera, noticed, xiv. xvii. 1, 11, 16Firiiz Shah Bahmam, coins of, Gadara, Decapolis, title of, xx.xviii. 266369Fisch, A., medallist, xiii. 319 xiv.;Galatia, coins of, xix. 258155Galba, coins of, xvii. 44 ;xviii.Fischenich, find of coins of Edward 129, 168IV, &c., at, xiii. 26Galeria Valeria, coins of, xix. 215Fischer, F. A., medallist, xiv. 155 et seqq. ;xx. 308Fitz Otho family, pedigree of, xiii.145Galle, A., medallist, xiii. 319Gallienus, coins of, xvi. 240 ;xvii.Fitzwilliam, Earl, medal of, xi. 91 86, 132; xx. 23, 30, 46, 212Flaccilla, coins of, xii. 180Gallus, medallion of, xvi. 52Flaxman, J., medal of, xi. 92Flemish imitations of English Nobles,xiii. 26Garbett, Samuel, medal of, xi. 377Gardner, Lord, medal of, xi. 377Garrick, David, medals of. xi. 379Florianus, coins of, xvi. 242 ;xx. Gascoyne, Gen. Isaac, medal of, xi.217381Florin, gold, of Edward III, xx. Gaskell, Benjamin, medal of, xi.232 et seqq.Fonteia gens, monogram on coins382Gatteaux, J. E., medallist, xiv.of the, xv. 162157Fontenelle, B. le B. de, medals of, Gatteaux, N. M., medallist, xiii.xv. 307 ;xvii. 309319Fordyoe, G., medal of, xv. 166Gauloises, Monnaies, de la BibliothequeFordyce and Hunter, medal of, xi.Nationale, Paris, noticed,92Foreign artists, English medals by,xii. 324Gayrard, R., medallist, xiii. 320xiii. 286; xiv. 101Gaza, Judaea, coin of, xx. 370Forest of Dean, Roman coins found Geefs, A., medallist, xiii. 320; xiv.in the, xvi. 210Forgeries of coins of William I and158Geerts, E. L., medallist, xiii. 321 ;II, xvii. 226 ; of Henry I, &c., xiv. 158xix. 241Gela, Sicily, coins of, xi. 303, 365Forgeries of Roman Large Brass xiv. 206 ;xvii. 98, 272 ;;xviii.coins, xii. 25598 ;xx. 364Fothergill, J., medal of, xi. 93 George III, Manx coins of, xix.Fothergill medal, the, xvi. 348Fox, Charles James, medals of, xi.60George III, medal of, xiii. 29294George IV, medals of, xiii. 307,France, condition of, in 1709, medal 317of, xvi. 275Gerard, , medallist, xiii. 322France, find of short-cross pennies Gerasa, Decapolis, coin of, xx. 295in, xviii. 235Germanicus, coins of, xviii. 309Franklin, Benjamin, medals of, xi. Geta, coins of, xi. 416 ;xvi. 195 ;100xvii. 76, 122; xviii. 157, 162,Franks, A. W., jeton of, xi. 103 177 ;xix. 205 ;xx. 30, 35Frederick the Great, successes of, Ghias - ad Dm - - Bin Mohammadmedal, xx. 180Shah, coins of, xviii. 266Freiburg in Breisgau, bracteates Ghurshlstan. mint of, xiv. 88of, xix. 22Gibbs and Erskine, medals of, xi.Fuller, J., medals of, xi. 10379Fiirst, M., medallist, xiv. 155Giesecke, Charles Von, medal of,xi. 382Gilbart, J W.. medal of, xi. 384G.Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W. E,medalsof, xi. 38 ;T>Gabrici, E., his Numiswiatica deW Globular marks on Greek coins,

20 GENERAL INDEX.Gnecchi, F., his Monete Romane,noticed, xv. 320Gold and silver, assay of, amongthe Greeks, xv. 104Gold coins of England, the firut,xx. 218Golgoi, Cyprus, coins of, xvii.^06Gongylos, dynast of Myrina, coinsof,'xiv. 317Gordian III, coins of, xvi. 200 ;xvii. 82, 125, 252 ;xx. 21, 24,30, 40Gordium, Bithynia, coin of, xviii.330Gordon, Lord George, medals of,xi. 387Gordon, Sir W. Duff, medal of, xi.387Gorgion, dynast of Gambreion,coins of, xiv. 315Gorgoneion, the, xiii. 156, 164,242,257Gorgos of Salamis, coin of, xvi.29Gortyna, Crete, coins of, xi. 417 ;xii. 29, 30, 198; xix. 93Goterzes, King of Parthia, legendon his coins, xx. 93 ;his title, ib.370Gothabyrig, mint of, xv. 45Gould, John, medal of, xi. 388Graham, Gen., Lord Lyndoch,medal of, xi. 394Granby, Marquis of, medals of, xi.380Grande, B,., medallist, xiv. 158Grant Duff, Lady, medal of, xi.391Grapes, bunch of, on coins ofCyrene, xi. 1 ; symbol of Tenos,xv. 273Gratianus, coins of, xii. 179Grattan, Henry, medals of, xi.392Gray, Dr. J. E., and hismedal of, xi. 395wife,Grechetto, the engraver, medalsby, xvii. 316Greek and Roman Coins, Handbookof, by G. F. Hill, noticed, xix.364Greek coins, by F. Imhoof-Blumer,xv. 269Greek coins acquired by the BritishMuseum, in 1889, corrections, xi.110; in 1890, ib. 117 ; in 1891,xii. 1 ;in 1892, xiii. 1 ;in 1893,xiv. 1 ;in 1894, xv. 89 ;in 1895,xvi. 85 ;in 1896, xvii. 93 ;in1897, xviii. 97 ;in 1898, xix.85 in ; 1899, xx. 1 ;in 1900, ib.273Greek coins, archaic, xix. 269Greek coins, finds of, xix. 261 ;xx.373Greek coins inedited and uncertain,xiv. 297 ;xv. 169Greek coins, rare, in the Greenwellcollection, xiii. 81Greek coins, unpublished, xiii. 21 ;xvii. 93, 190, 253 ;xviii. 193Green, Charles, medal of, xi. 396Greene, Richard, medal of, xi.397Grenville, William Wyndham,Lord, medal of, xi. 397Gresley, Sir Koger, medal of, xi.398Gretton, Sarah, medal of, xi. 399Grey, Charles, 2nd Earl, medalsof, xi. 399Grimshaw, Nicholas, medal of, xi.411Groats, finds of, Edward IVHenrv VIII, xii. 278; HenryVI-Henry VII, xx. 166Grueber, H., medallist, xiv. 159Guisborough, coins found at, xv.Guise, Sir Berkeley William, Bart.,medal of, xi. 412Gupta coins, notes on, xi. 48Guntafson, G., on coins found atNesboe, xiii. 36Guy de Lusignan, coin of, xi. 150Gythium, Laconia, coin of, xx.366H.Hadrian, coins of, xi. 414 ;xii.93 ;xv. 204 ;xvii. 58 ;xviii.133, 169, 290; xix. 265Hadrian, medallion of, xi. 153Hadriani, Mysia, coin of, xviii. 329Hadrianothera, Mysia, coin of, xv.98Hainault, John, Count of, coins of,xviii. 10, 37, 72Half-florin or Leopard, gold, ofEdward III, xx. 233 et seqq.Half-noble of third coinage ofEdward III, xx. 102

GENERAL INDEX. 21Half-shekel year 2, xvii. 116Haliartus, Boeotia, coin of, xviii.288Hallam, Henry, medal of, xii. 227Halus, Thessaly, coin of, xix. 91Hamelman, Jan Christian, medalof,'xv. 310Handel, statue of, at Vauxhall,xviii. 79Hanniballianus, coin of, xx. 359Hanson, Joseph, medal of, xii. 228Hardinge, Henry, 1st Viscount,medal of, xii. 228Hardy, Thomas, medals of, xii.229Harold I, coins of, xv. 45 ; xvii.304Harold II, coins of, xvii. 226 ;xx.269Harpies, representation of, onkylix, xi. 6Harrison, John, medal of, xii. 231Hart, L. J., medallist, xiii. 322;xiv. 159Harthacnut, coin of, xx. 268Hastings, Francis Rawdon, 1stMarquis of, medal of, xii. 231Hastings, Sir Charles Abney, Bart.,medal of, xii. 231Hatfield, Bishop of Durham, penniesof, xi. 164 ;xviii. 71Heahberht, King of Kent, coin of,xx. 149Heardulf, King of Northumbria,coins of, xvii. 140Hebrytelmis, King of the Odrysae,coin of, xiv. 3Helena, coins of, xvi. 213, 233;xix. 230 et seqq. ;xx. 147, 346Helfricht, F. F., medallist, xiii.323Helios on coins, xii. 129Helm or Helmet (quarter-florin),gold coin of Edward III, xx.233 et xeqq.Hema (or Wema) Kadphises, coinsof, xii. 67Henniker, John, 1st Baron, medalsof, xii. 233, 234Henniker, John, 2nd Baron, medalof, xii. 234Henrietta Maria, unpublishedmedal of, xiv. 188Henry I, coins of, found at Bari,xii. 83 short-cross ;pennies of,xvii. 235 ;coins struck at Barnstaple,xvii. 305 ; forged coinsof, xix. 241Henry II, coinage of, xv. 51Henry II of Cyprus, coins of, xii.215Henry III, gold penny of, xii.259 ;xx. 218 et seqq. ;shortcrosspennies of, xvii. 235 ;Shrewsbury mint under, xix. 112Henry V, coins of, xvi. 78, 80Henry VI, coins of, xi. 180 ; xii.221 ;xvi. 78, 81 ;xx. 166, 171,174Henry VI, nobles of, xiii. 27Henry VI, quarter-noble erroneouslyattributed to, xi. 189Henry VII, coins of, xii. 225, 264,292; xiii. 34; xx. 166, 175Henry VII, ryal of, xiii. 240Henry VIII, coins of, xii. 265, 272,298Henry VIII, penny of, struck byArchbishop Cranmer, xi. 418Henry VJII, ryal of, xiii. 34Henry of Northumberland, coinsof, xv. 110Heraclea, Bithynia, coins of, xv.98 ;xviii. 105Heraclea, Ionia, coins of, xx. 367Heraclea, Lucania, coins of, xvi.4 ;xvii. 97 ;xx. 363Heraclea ad Latmum, coins of, xix.101Heraea, Arcadia, coins of, xx. 366Heraea, Arcadia, hemiobols of, xv.272HERAKILO on coins of theKushans, xii. 122, 153Herakles, head of, on coin ofGyrene, xi. 8Herbessus, Sicily, coins of, xiv.233Herennia Etruscilla, coin of, xvi.201Herennius Etruscus, coins of, xvi.201 ;xviii. 17 ;xx. 30, 44Hermaeus, a Graeco-Indian Prince,coins of, xii. 63Herod Philip II of Judaea, coinof, xx. 25Herries, Col. Charles, medal of,xii. 235Hertfordshire tokens, xiii. 282Herzen, Alexander, medal of, xii.236Heywood, Sir Benjamin, medal of,xii. 237

22 GENERAL INDEX.Hierapolis, Phrygia, coins of, xvi.98; xviii. 116, 330Hierapytna, Crete, coins of, xvii.31 ;xx. 366Hieropolia-Bambyce, Cyrrhestica,coins of, xx. 369Higgins, F. C., his Copper Coins ofModern Europe, noticed, xiii. 239Hill, G-. F., his Handbook of Greekand Roman Coins, noticed, xix.364Hill, Rev. Rowland, medals of, xii.239Hill, Rowland, Viscount, medalsof, xii. 237Himera, Sicily, coins of, xi. 274,366; xii. 186; xiv. 208, 339;(with signs of value) xvii. 1 ;xviii. 185Himerus, King of Parthia, coinsof, xx. 193 et seqq,Hippias of Athens, his changes inthe Athenian coinage, xiii. 156,244, 247 ;coins of, xv. 172Hiranya-Kula, Indo-Scy thic King,coins of, xiv. ^82Hirschel, Solomon, medal of, xii.240Hitchin, find of Saxon coins at,xvii. 248Hoadley, Benjamin, Bishop ofWinchester, medal of, xii. 241Hobhouse, John Cam, seeton, LordBrough-Hodgson, Frederick, medal of, xii.243Hodgson, John, medals of, xii. 244Hogarth, William, medal of, xii .245 ;his Vauxhall ticket, xviii.35Holloway, Thomas, medals of, xii.245Holm, A., his Geschichte des sicilischenMunzwesens, noticed, xviii.321Holy Lamb, the, on a Saxon penny,xiii. 37Hombruma of Patara (?), coin of,xv. 33Homolium, Thessaly, coin of, xix.92Honley, find of British coins andornaments at, xvii. 293Honorius, coins of, xii. 181 ;xvi.245Hood, Alexander, see Bridport, 1stViscountHook, Rev. W. F., Dean ofChichester. medal of, xii. 301Horner, Francis, medal of, xii.302Howard, John, medal of, xii. 302Howard, John Egar, medal of, xii.303Howard, Thomas, see Effingham,Earl ofHowe, Richard, Earl, Admiral,medals of, xii. 304Howe, Richard, 1st Earl, medal of,xii. 310Hugh II of Cyprus, coins of, xii.211III of Cyprus, coins of, xii.Hugh214Hugh IV of Cyprus, coins of, xii.216Huguenot medal (?), xvi. 271Hull, I^aac, medal of, xii. 311Humayun, coins of, xvi. 159Hume, David, medal of, xii. 312Hume, Joseph, medal of, xii. 312Hunt, Henry, medal of, xii. 313Hunter, John, medals of, xii. 314 ;xv. 166Hunter, William, medals of, xii.315Hunter and Fordyce, medals of,xi. 92 ;xv. 166Hunter Collection, Combe's Catalogue,corrected, xvi. 144 ;Catalogueof Greek Coins in the,noticed, xix. 177Huntingdon, Countess of, medals,xii. 317Huntington, Rev. W., medal of,xii. 318Huskisfcon, W., medal of, xii. 319Hutcheson, F., medal of, xii. 320Hutchinson, Ma j.- Gen. Lord,medal of, xii. 321Huth, Charles Frederick, and hiswife, medal of, xii. 3zlHuth, J. Frederick A., and hiswife, medal of, xii. 322Hutton, Charles, medal of, xii.323Huvishka, coins of, xii. 49, 82, 98,103Hwen Theang, Chinese Pilgrim,xiv. 247, 250Hyblaean Megara, litra of, xvi.124Hydisus, Caria, coins of, xvi. 95 ;xviii. 114

GENERAL INDEX. 23Hyrtacina, Crete, coins of, xi. 129;xiv. 96Hyrtaeus and Lissus, Crete, coinsof, xii. 199 I.IATON" on coins of Himera, xviii.185Idbury, mint at, xv. 48Illyria, coins of, xix. 253Irabros, Thrace, coins of, xx. 364India, Roman gold coins found atPudukota, xviii. 304; Romansilver coins found in, xix. 263Indo- Parthian Kings, coins of,xiii. 217Indo -Scythians, coins of, xiii. 93,219Indo -Scythians, the later, coins ofthe Ephthalites or White Huns,xiv. 243locastos on coins of Rhegium, xviii.281Ionia, coins of, xviii. 329 ; xix. 256Irwin, I). Hastings, his War Medals,$c., 1588-1898, noticed, xix. 83Isaac Comnenus, coins of, xi. 147 ;xii. 209Isaura, Cilicia, coins of, xvi. 28Isle of Man, coinage of, xix. 35Istrus, Moesia Inferior, coin of,xvi. 86Ita, Lycia, coin of, xv. 18Italian Numismatic Society, foundationof, xii. 88Italy, ancient coins of, xix. 251Italy, English coins found at Bari,xii. 83Itanus, Crete, coins of, xi. 128 ;xvir. 112 ;xx. 366lulis, Ceos, coins of, xi. 129 ;xiii.87J.Jaley, L., medallist, xiii. 324James I, bezant of, xvi. 254James I, coins of, xii. 267, 274 ;xvii. 149, 164James I, unpublished gold coins of,xiv. 344James II of Cyprus, coin of, xi.151James V of Scotland and John,Duke of Albany, gold crown of,xi. 203Jarana or Bharana, Indo-ScythicKing, coins of, xiv. 284Jehanglr, coins of, xvi. 164, 179Jehotte, C., medallist, xiii. 325Jenner medal, the, xvi. 348Jeuffroy, R. V., medallist, xiii. 325John, coins of, xvii. 235, 249John I Eof Cyprus, coin of, xi. 150John, Count of Hainault, coins of,xviii. 10, 37, 72John the Blind of Luxembourg,coins of, xviii. 10, 37, 72Johnson, Bartholomew, medal of,xvii. 311Jouffray, R. C., medallist, xiii. 325Jouvenel, A. C., medallist, xiv. 160Judaea, coin of Herod Philip II, xx.25Judaea, half-shekel, year 2, of,xvii. 116Julia, Phrygia, coin of, xix. 104Julia and Titus, coin of, xvii. 52Julia Domna, coins of, xi. 415 ;xiii.19 ;xvi. 194 ;xvii. 72, 121 ;xviii.102, 156. 173 ;xx. 29, 34Julia family, coin of, xvii. 39Julia Maesa, coins of, xvi. 197 ;xvii. 123 ;xx. 30, 37Julia Mamaea, coins of, xvi. 199 ;xvii. 124, 252 ;xviii. 168 ;xx.23, 30, 39, 208Julia Paula, coins of, xvi. 196;xvii. 123 ;xx. 30, 37Julia Soaemias, coins of, xvi. 197 ;xvii. 123 ;xviii. 167, 189 ;xx.30, 37Julio polis, Bithynia, coin of, xviii.105Julius Caesar, coin of, xix. 263Junker, J. C., medallist, xiv, 160Jupiter on coins of the Kushans,xii. 138Jyotirvidabharana, quoted, xiv. 250K.Kacha Gupta, coins of, xi. 53Kakweyhis, coins of the, xii. 165Kallm Ullah Shah Bin AhmadShah, coins of, xviii. 272Kamarina, see CamarinaKamran. coins of, xvi. 159Kanishka, coins of, xii. 48, 72Kaseler, G-. medallist, xiii. 327Kashmir, monetary system of, xix.125Katana, see Catana

GENERAL INDEX.Kathiawar, coinage of, xv. 59Kennedy, A. R. S., his article onMoney, in Hastings' Diet, of theBible, noticed, xx. 270Kent, Anglo-Saxon coins of. xiv.42 ; conquered by Ecgberht, xx.79Khadritima of Patara (?), coin of,xv. 34Khariga, dynalst of Lycia, coins of,xv. 30Kharoi, dynast of Lycia, coins of,xv. 28Khin, dynast of Lycia, coins of,xv. 35Khusru II of Persia, coin of, xiv.290Kidara Shahi, Indo-Scythic ruler,coins of, xiii. 199Kimon, the engraver, xi. 207 ;hisdecadrachms, ib. 255Kohandil Khan of Afghanistan,coins of, xvi. 288, 336Kore. head of, on decadrachms ofSyracuse, xi. 211Kosmas Indikopleustes, quoted,xiv. 247Kozola-Kadaphes, King of theKushans, coins of, xii. 65Krimissos, see CrimisusKriiger, Paul, strikes coins forSouth African Republic, xx. 256Krya, dynast of Patara, coin of,xv. 35Kiichler, C. H., medallist, xiii.327; xiv. 161Kujula-Kadphises, coins of, xii.45, 63Kujula-Kara-Kadphises, coins of,xii. 65Kullrich, W., medallist, xiii. 328 ;xiv. 162Kuprlli, Lycia, coins of, xv. 20Kumara Gupta, coins of, xi. 58 ;xv. 167Kushans, coins of the, xii. 40, 98Kushans, the Great, coins of, xiii.112Kushans, the Little, coins of, xiii.184Kylix, Cyreiiean, from Naucratis,xi. 5Kyrene, see CyreneL.Lacedaemon, coins of, xvii. 107Laconia, coins of, xviii. 328 ;xix.255Laelianus, coins of, xx. 214Laertes, Cilicia, coin of, xx. 293La Fitte, , medallist, xiii. 330Lalassis, Cilicia, coins of, xix. 181Lampsacus, Mysia, coins of, xiii.9, 84; xiv. 10.; xvi. 23; xvii.258 ;xviii. 329 ;xx. 17, 288Lanteri, E., medallist, xiv. 163Laodicea, Canaan, coins of, xviii.331 ;xx. 370Lappa, Crete, coin of, xiv. 10Larissa, Thessaly, coins of, xii. 8xiii. 25 ;xv. 94 ;xx. 282Latus, Crete, coin of, xi. 128Lauer, L. C., medallist, xiii. 330Laufenberg, bracteates of, xix. 23Laus, Lucania, coin of, xvii. 97Leclerq, J., medallist, xiv. 165Lefevre, , medallist, xiii. 333Legends on English coins, xii. 257Legros, A., medallist, xiii. 331 xiv.;165Lehmann, C. J., his AltbabylonischeMuas- und Gewichtssystem,noticed. txiv. 77Leicester, coin struck at, xvii. 249Leicester and Chester, Anglo-Saxonmints of, xi. 12Leontini, Sicily, coins of, xi. 360,366; xiv. 207; xvii. 19, 272Leontini and Catana, alliance coinof, xvi. 128Leopard, gold coin of Edward III,xx. 233 et seqq.Lesbos, coins of, xii. 257 ;xvii. 114 ;xix. 276Lete, Macedonia, coins of, xii. 24 ;xix. 271Leucas, Acarnania rcoins of, xi. 364Lialen, I., medallist, xiv. 166Licmius I, coins of, xvi. 214 ;xix.218 et seqq. xx. 115 et ; seqq. ib.;307 et seqq.Licinius II, coins of, xvi. 215 ;xix. 229 et seqq. xx. 325 et ; seqq.Limyra, Lycia, dynasts of, xv. 32Lincoln, coins of, xvii. 243 xviii. 23;Lindberg, A., medallist, xiii. 333 ;xiv. 167Lindenschmidt, J., medallist, xiii.333 ;xiv. 167Lipari Islands, coins found in the,xvi. 185Lissus, Crete, coins of, xi. 129 ;xii.199

GENERAL INDEX.Litra, weight of the, xyii. 3Locri and Messana, coin of, xvi.107Locri Opuntii, coins of, xiv. 6 ;xix.253Locrian oboli with O, xv. 269London, coins of Edward I -III,struck at, xviii. 14, 19, 22, 2i, 25,34, 35, 36, 46, 52London Medicum Lyceum, prizemedal of, xv. 166London, mint of, during the Constantineperiod, xx. 108London, Saxon mint of, xiii. 266 ;xiv. 62, 64; xx. 82, 158London, Short-cross Pennies of,xvii. 241Loos, D. F., medallist, xiii. 334 ;xiv. 167Loos, F., medallist, xiii. 335Loos, G. B., medallist, xiii. 335 ;xiv. 168Loring, ~W., Greek coins collectedby, xiii. 21Louis XVI, medals of, xvii. 90, 318Louizi, , medallist, xiv. 168Lower Egypt, Archaic Greek coinsfound in, xix. 269Lucerne, bracteates of, xix. 23Lucilla, coins of, xvii. 66 ;xviii.144Lucius Verus, coins of, xi. 414 ;xvii. 64; xviii, 144, 170Lucius Verus andAurelius, coin of,xv. 278Lucius Vitellius, coins of, xvii. 46 ;xviii. 129Lunderberg, L., medallist, xiii.335LVNDONIA CIVIT. on coin ofEcgbeorht, xiv. 62 ;xx. 82Lusignan, Guy de, coin of, xi. 150Limgnan Kings of Cyprus, coinsof, xii. 209LVTRON, supposed reading of,xvii. 9Luxembourg, coins of, xviii. 10, 72Lycceius, King of Paeonia, coinsof, xi. 121 xii.;188 ;xx. 364Lyceum Medicum of London, prizemedal of, xv. 166Lycia, coinage of, xv. 1Lycia, coins of, xv. 1 ; xviii. 121,331 ;xix. 257Lycian coins acquired by the BritishMuseum in 1892, xiii. 15Lydia, coins of, xix. 257Lynedoch, General Graham, Lord,medal of, xi. 394Lysimaohia, Thrace, coin of, xvi.12Lysimachus, King of Thrace, coinsof, xv. 92; xvi. 14Lystra, Lycaonia, coin of, xiii. 17M.Macdonald, G., his Catalogue- ofGreek Coins in the Hunterian Col'lection, noticed, xix. 177Macedonia, coins of, xviii. 25-5,257 ; xix. 253Macedonian nummi serrati, xix. 337Macrinus, coins of, xvii. 122; xviii.163, 177; xx. 30, 35Madrassi, L., medallist, xiv. 169Magas of Gyrene, coins of, xvii.220Magistrates' names on Atheniancoins, xix. 288Magnentius, coin of, xvii. 129Magnesia, Ionia, coins of, xii. 89 ;xv. 284 ; xviii. 287, 330Magnetes, Thessaly, coins of, xviii.103 ;xix. 92 ;xx. 8Magnus Maximus, coins of, xii.180Magydus, Pamphylia, coin of, xx.19 ;numerals on coins of, ib. 20MAHAS ENA legend on coins ofthe Kushans, xii. 106Mahmud Shah, coins of, xviii. 270Mahommed Afzal Khan, coins of,xvi. 302, 329, 336Mahommed Akbar Khan, coins of,xvi. 293Mahommed Amin Khan, coins of,xvi. 307Mahommed Azam Khan, coins of,xvi. 303, 330, 337Mahommed Azim Khan, coins of,xvi. 292Mahommed Hashim Khan, coinsof, xvi. 302Mahommed Ishak Khan, coins of,xvi. 304, 344Mahommed Jan, coin of, xvi. 330Mahommed, see also Mohammedand MuhammadMalay Archipelago, tokens of, xv.135Mallus, Cilicia, coins of, xiv. 324 ,xvi. 29 ; xvif. 21 ;xx. 368

26 GENERAL INDEX.M illus and Megarsus, Cilicia, coinsof, xv. 197Manfredini, L., medallist, xiv. 101Manuale di Ntunismatica, 2nd ed.,by S. Ambrosoli, noticed, xv. 162Manx coinage, xix. 35Manx tokens, xix. 47, 66MAO, legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 73, 103, 107, 130Marathus, Phoenicia, era of, xx.370Marcianopolis, Moesia Inferior,coin of, xvi. 13Marcus Aurelius, see Aurelius,MarcusMarie Antoinette, medals of, xvii.91, 318Marium, Cyprus, coins of, xvi. 32,369Marius, coins of, xx. 214Mark Antony, coin of, xix. 263Markoff's Unpublished Coins of theArsacidae, noticed, xiii. 208Mars on coins of the Kushans, xii.132Mnrshall, Frances C ,wife of C. F.Huth, medal of, xii. 321Mary I of England, coin of, xi.203 ; legends on coins of, xii.274Mury II of England, pattern farthingor jetton of, xix. 362Massilia, Gaulish imitation of coinof, xviii. 131Matilda, the Empress, forged coinsof, xix. 243Maubeuge, coin of, xviii. 10, 72Maximianus Herculius, coins of,xix. 211 et seqq.;xx. 29, 30, 33,59, 113 et seqq., 300 et seqq.Maximinus I, coins of, xvi. 200,213 244; xvii. 124, 132; xx.30, 39Maximinus II. Daja (orDaza), coinsof, xix. 211 et seqq. ;xx. 110 etseqq. ;299 et seqq.Maximus, coin of, xvi. 200Mayer, W., medallist, xiv. 102Mayfren, Emanuela P., wife of J.F. A. Huth, medal of, xii. 322Mayr, A., his Ciins of the Islands ofMalta, Gozo, $c. t noticed, xiv.342Medal Room, the new, in theBritish Museum, xiii. 79Medallions, Roman, xi. 152 ;xvi.41Medallions, Syracusan, xi. 205Medals, English personal since1760, xii. 227, 300Medals and medallions, English,by foreign artists, xiii. 286 xiv.;101; index of, ib. 171Media, regal coins of, xvii. 217Medicum Lyceum of London, prizemedal of, xv. 166Megalopolis, Arcadia, oins of,xiii. 22METAAOY, title, on Parthiancoins, earliest occurrence of, xx.191Megara, Megaris, coins of, xx. 365Megara, Sicily, litra of, xvi. 124Megarsus and Mallus, Cilicia,coins of, xv. 197Meliboea, Thessaly, coin of, xv. 94Melitaea, Thessaly, coin of, xii. 28Mende, Macedonia, coins of, xi.12 ;xii. 6 ;xiii. 2 ;xvi. 15 ;xvii. 275; xviii. 251, 256; xx. 6Mercia, coins of, xiv. 31, 62Mercia conquered by Ecgbeorht ofWessex, xiv. 64 ;xx. 82Mercury on coins of the Kushans,xii. 136Merlen, , medallist, xiv. 104Merley, L., medalhV, xiv. 104Mertens, A, medallist, xiv. 105Mesembria, Thrace, coin of, xx. 364Mesma, Bruttii, coin of, xx. 4Messalina, coin of, struck atCorinth (?), xiv. 4Messana, Sicily, coins of, xi. 221,366 ;xiv. 209 ;xx. 364Messana, Sicily, coin of, with engraver'sname, xvi. 117Messana and Croton, coin of, xvii.13Messana and Locri, coin of, xvi.107Messana and Syracuse, alliance of,xvi. 117Messina, Sicily, coins found near,xvi. 101Metapontum, Lucania, coins of,xvi. 5 ;xvii. 270 ;xx. 363Methydrium, Thessaly, coin of, xv.95Methymna, Lesbos, coins of, xii.33 ;xiii. 89Metrology of Greek coins, xviii.332 ;xix. 260 ;xx. 374Midaeum, Phrygia, coins of, xviii.331

GENERAL INDEX.Sir Moses, Bart., medalsMiddleburg, badge of the mercersed., noticed, xiv. 184at. xii. 182of ,Montefiore,xv. 310; xvii. 310Mihirakula, inscription of, xiv. Montreal Numismatic Society,249medals of, xiii. 315Mihirgul, inscription of, xiv. 254, Moon, the, on coins of the Kushans,xii. 130280MIIRO. legend on coins of the Morel, , medallist, xiv. 107KuKhans, xii. 72, 99, 103, 129 Morel-Ladeuil, L., medallist, xiv.Milesian standard, coins of the, 107xvii. 266Morgantina, Sicily, coins of, xiv.Mile-stones, Roman, xvi. 207233Miletus, Ionia, coins of, xviii. 260, Mossop, W., medallist, xvii. 90330 ;xx. 367Mostis, dynast of Thrace (?), coinMiltiades, coins of, struck at Cardia,of, xii. 5xv. 185Motya, Sicily, coins of, xi. 222,Mint, picture of a Roman, at Pompeii,xviii. 294272, 367Mozambique, bar-money of, xii.Mint-marks on coins of Henry VI- 330VII, classified, xx. 167Muhammad Shah, of Persia, coinsMint-marks on English coins, xii.278of, xviii. 94Muhammad Shah Bahman Ghazi,Minton's Numismatic Bibliography, coins of, xviii. 263noticed, xvii. 246Muhammad Shah binMirza Suliman, coins of, xvi. 157 coins of, xviii. 265Mahmud,Mithradates I, King of Parthia, Muhammad, see alsocoins of, xiii. 208; xvii. 116; and MohammedMahommedxx. 186 etseqq.Mithradates II, King of Parthia,coins of, xiii. 215 ;xx. 193 etseqq.Mithradates III, King of Parthia,coins of, xx. 196 et seqq.kets, xviii. 89Mithradates Eupator, King of Musical instruments on VauxhallPontus, strikes gold coin at tickets, xviii. 89Athens, xvii. 105Mithrapata, coins of, xv. 39Mutloi, Lycia, coin of, xv. 17Mylasa, Caria, coin of, xii. 93Mithras, worship of, xviii. 178 Myra, Lycia, coins of, xx. 368Mithridates of Cios and Carene, Myriandrus, Syria,coins of, xiv. 332coins of, xiv. 311Myrina, Aeolis, coins of, xiv. 13 ;Moagetes of Paphos, coins of (?), xv. 96; xviii. 110xi. 141Mysia, coins of, xix. 256Moghul coins, novelties in, xvi. Mytilene, Lesbos, coins of, xvi.15594 ;xviii. 3'29 ;Mohammad Shah, coins of, xvi. 174xix. 276Mohammed, see also Mahommedand MuhammadN.Mohammadan coins, unpublished,xix. 265N on amphora on Athenian coins,Moltedo, , medallist, xiv. 106xix. 288Monnaies Gauloises de la BibliothequeNabis, tyrant of Lacedaemon, coinNationale, Paris, noticed, of, xvii. 107 ;xviii. Ixii. 324Montagny, J. P., medallist, xiv.106Montagu, H., his Copper, Tin, andBronze Coinage of England, 2ndMujahid Shah, coins of, xviii. 264Miiller's AntiJce Numismatik, noticed,xv. 161Muses on Vauxhall tickets, xviii. 87Music, figure of, on Vauxhall tic-Nadir Shah, coin of, xii. 88Nagidus, Cilicia. type of Aphrodite,xx. 368NANA, legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 78, 115, 148Napki Malka, coins of, xiv. 287

128 GENERAL INDEX.Narendra, coins of, xiv. 286Nasir-ad-Dm, coins of, xii. 184Nasir-ad-Dm Ismail, coins of,xviii. 262Nasir-ad-Dm Shah, coins of, xviii.95National Health Society, medal of,xiii. 321Natorp, G., medallist, xiv. 108Naucratis, Cyrenean kylix foundat, xi. 5Naucratis, its influence on Greekart, xiii. 243, 251Naxos, Island of, coin of, xix. 278Naxos, Sicily, coins of, xii. 24 ;xvi. 103Naxos, Sicily, find of coins at, xi.374Neandria, Troas, coin of, xvi. 94Neapolis, Campania, coins of, xi.279 ;xvi. 4, 186Neapolis, Macedonia, coin of, xix.272Neapolis Datenon, coins of, xiii.255Neocaesarea, Pontus, coins of, xx.366Neoclaudiopolis, Paphlagonia,coin of, xix. 95Nero, coins of, xi. 202 ; xvii. 296,297 xviii. ; 112, 129, 315 ;xx. 8Nero and Agrippina, coin of, xvii.44Nero Drusus, coins of, xi. 200 ;xviii. 308Nerva, coins of, xvii. 56, 132;xviii. 130Nesboe, Norway, find of coins at,xiii. 36Neuchatel, bracteate of, xix. 24Newcastle, coin of Edward Istruck at, xviii. 23Nicaea, Bithynia, coins of, xviii.106 ;xx. 367Nicodamus, tyrant of Salamis, coinof, xvi. 30Nicomedes II, of Bithynia, coin of,xi. 130 ;xviii. 106Nicopolis, Epirus, coin of, xvii. 1 04Nike on Syracusan medallions, xi.236, 350NIKH4>OPOY, title, its earliestoccurrence on Parthian coins,xx. 193Nizam Shah, coin of, xviii. 269Noble, its change of value in 1464,xv. 164Nobles, Flemish imitations of,xiii. 26Nordgriechenlands, die antiken MunzenDaeien und Moesien, byBehrendt Pick, noticed, xix. 362Norman kings, coinage of, xiii. 129Northampton, short-cross penniesstruck at, xvii. 243Northumbrian coinage of A.D. 758-808, xvii. 134Northumbrian styca of Alchredand Archbishop Ecgberht, xiii.267Norwich, short- cross pennies struckat, xvii. 243Numerianus, coin of, xvi. 243Numismatic prize of the RevueBeige de Numismatique, xix. 82Nummi serrati and astral cointypes, xix. 322Nummus, the Roman origin of,xiv. 228Nur Mahommed Khan, coinsxvi. 306Nysa, Lydia, coin of, xvi. 96O.of,O for obolos on coins of Phocis andLocri, xv. 269OADA, legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 76, 108, 136Ococlea and Bruzus, alliance of,xii. 208OA for " obolos " on coin of Arcadia,xv. 271Odessus, Thrace, coins of, xvii.101 ;xx. 364OAP2I, coin inscribed, xii. 197Oertel, O., medallist, xiv. 108Oetaei, the, Thessaly, coin of, xx.282Off a, King of Mercia, coins of, xiv.31 ;xvi. 270Oinoanda, Lycia, mint of, xvii. 25KHSHO, legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 79, 118, 121, 126,153Okeyti or Okbara, coin struck at,xii. 164..Okuvomi, Lycia, coins of, xv. 16Olba, Cilicia, coins of, xi. 132;xix. 181, 203Olbasa, Pisidia, coin of, xx. 292Olbia, Pamphylia, coin of, xviii.217Olbia, Sarmatia, coins of, xii. 3

GENERAL INDEX. 29Oleszczynski, L., medallist, xiv.110Olynthus, Macedonia, coins of, xii.25, 191 xvii.;276Orbiana, coins of, xvi. 199 ;xyii.124 ;xx. 30, 39Oriental coins, unpublished, xiv. 88Orodes I of Parthia, coins of, xiii.216 ;xx. 196 et teqq.ORON", legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 121Orontas, satrap of Persia, coins of,xiv. 309, 331Orophernes, King of Cappadocia,coins of, xx. 367Oropus, Attica, coin of, xix. 254Orpheus on Vauxhall tickets, xviii.84Orrescii, Macedonia, coin of the,xvii. 277OPeAFNHS orof, xx 370OPAAFNO, nameOrthe, Thessaly, coin of, xii. 80. S., initials of Otto Schulz, dieengraverin Berlin, xx. 258Osred II, King of Northumbria,coins of, xvii. 139Otacilia Severa, coins of, xvii. 125 ;xx. 30, 43Otanes. King of Parthia, coins of,xx. 89Otho, Emperor of Germany, denierof, xvii. 244Otho, Roman Emperor, coins of,xvii. 45Oudine, E. A., medallist, xiv. IllOxford, short -cross pennies struckat, xvii. 244P.IT A, Cretan coin reading, xvii.30Pacorus II, King of Parthia, coinof, xiii. 216Pagae, Megaris, coins of, xiii. 23 ;xx. 11Pale, Cephallenia, tritetartemorionof, xv. 270Pamphylia, coins of, xviii. 217Panjab, coins of the, xvi. 268Panormus, Sicily, coins of, xi. 269 ;xvi. 143 *Panticapaeum, Thracian Chersonese,coin of, xvii. 103Papak, Indo-Scythic king, coin of,xiii. 178Paphlagonia, coins of, xix. 255Paphos, Cyprus, coins of, xvi. 32Paquet, A. C., medallist, xiv. IllParacelsus, medals of, xiii. 60 ;xv. 164Parikla, dynast of Limyra, coinsof. xv. 42Parium, Mysia, coin of, xvi. 92Paroreia, Arcadia, coin of, xiii. 25Paros, coins of, xix. 95, 276Parr, Thomas, medals of, xv. 303Parthian coinage, re-arrangementof, xx. 181Parthian coins, xviii. 332 ;xx. 89Patara, Lycia, coins of, xv. 32 ;dynasts of, ib. 35Patrae, Achaia, coin of, xx. 365Patraus. King of Paeonia, coin of,xii. 188Pausanias, King of Macedon, coinof, xi. 122Pax Pennies of William I or II,xi. 25, 161Pax type, the, xiii. 143Peibistratus, tyrant of Delos, coinsof, xv. 179Pellene, Achaia, coin of, xx. 365Penny, gold, of Henry III, xx.218 et seqq.Perdicoas II of Macedon, coin of,xvi. 16Perga, Pamphylia, coins of, xix.105 ;xx. 290Pergamum, Mysia, coins of, xiii.10; xiv. 11; xv. 99; xviii. 108;xix. 97 ;xx. 367Pericles of Limyra, coins of, xv. 42Perinthus, Thrace, coins of, xvi. 13Perkins' School Tokens, xvi. 262Perlis, dynast of Lycia, coin of,xiii. 15Perperene, Mysia, coin of, xx. 367Persephone, head of, on medallionsof Syracuse, xi. 231, 244Perseus, King of Macedon, portraitof, xvi. 34Persia, double daric of, xi. 133Persia, early coin of, xii. 38Persia, Mongols of, xii. 169curiosities inPersian Treasury,the, xviii. 93Pertinax, coins of, xvi. 192 ;xviii.150Pescennius Niger, coin of. xvii. 68Peter I of Cyprus, coins of, xii.217Petit, L. M., medallist, xiv. 112

30 GENERAL INDEX.Petronia family, coins of, xvii. 39Peukolaus, Graeco- Indian Prince,coin of, xvi. 269Pt.aestus, Crete, coins of, xii. 200 ;xv. 96; xx. 066Phalaserna, Crete, coins of, xiv. 98Pharnabazus, satrap ofDascylion,coin of, xiii. 11PHARRO, legend on coins of theKuabans, xii. 76, 108, 138Pheidon, coinage of, xiii. 246Pheneus, Arcadia, coins of, xiii. 6 ;xiv. 8 ;xvi. 90 ;xviii. 328Pherae, Thessaly, coins of, xi. 123Philadelphia, Decapolis, title of,xx. 3691AEAAHNO2, title, on coins ofParthia, xx. 194Philip I, Roman emperor, coins of,xv. 289 ;xvi. 201 ;xvii. 82,125, 252; xx. 30, 42Philip II, Roman emperor, coinsof, xvi. 201 ;xvii. 126; xx. 30,43Philip II of Macedon, coin of, xii.26 ;xiv. 2 ;xv. 90Philip V of Macedon, coins of,xvi. 35 ;xviii. 100Philip and Mary, coins of, foundat Crediton, xvii. 162Philippi, Macedonia, coin of, xvi.88Philippopolis, Thessaly, coin of,xi. 123Philippopolis, Thrace, coin of, xx.8Phillips, Maberly, his Token Moneyof the Bank of England, noticed,xx. 271Phocaea, Ionia, coins of, xiv. 15 ;xvi. 95 ;xvii. 259 ;xviii. 330Phocaic standard, coins of the,xvii. 262Phocian oboli with 0, xv. 299Phocis, coin of, xvii. 105Phoenicia, coins of, xviii. 122 ;xix. 258Phoenix medalet of Elizabeth, xvi.274Phraates I, King of Parthia, coinsof, xiii. 208 ;xx. 190 et *eqq.Phraates II, King of Parthia, coinsof, xiii. 210 ;xx. 186 et seqq.Phraates III, King of Parthia,eqq.Phrygia, coins of, xix. 257Phrygillos, the engraver, xi. 223,264Pick, Behrendt, his Dacien wndMoesien, noticed, xix. 362Pierini, C., medallist, xiv. 112Pinara, Lycia, coin of, xviii. 212Pir Mahammed, coins of, xvi. 291Pisa, Elis, coin of, xx. 365Pisidia, coins of, xix. 257Pistrucci, B., medallist, xiv. 112Planets symbolised on coins of theKu^hans, xii. 53, 61, 72, 103, 129Plated Roman silver coins found inIndia, x\iii. 319Plautilla, coins of, xvi. 195 ;xviii.162, 177 ;xx. 23Pnytagoras of Cyprus, coin of, xi.142Pnytos of Cyprus, coin of, xvi. 33Pogla, Pisidia, coin of, xx. 23Polemo I of Pontus, coins of, xix.186, 194Polyrhenium, Crete, coins of, xiv.93; xix. 94 xx. 15;Polyxenus, Graeco-Indian Prince,coin of, xvi. 269in thePompeii, wall painting at,Casa dei Vettii, xvi. 53Ponscarme, F. H. J., medallist,xiv. 117Pontus, coins of, xix. 255Porto Bello, unpublished medal of,xx 180Portraiture on Greek coins, xx.364, 369, 370, 371, 372Poseidonia, Lucania, coin of, xv.89Posidium, Coele-Syria, coin of,xviii. 124, 246Posidium and Tarsus, coins of, xiv.326Postumus, coins of, xx. 30, 47, 213Potidaea, Macedonia, coins of, xii.7 ;xviii. 254 ;xx. 276Poussin, N., medal of, xv. 308Praesus, Crete, coins of, xi. 129 ;xii. 30 ;xvi. 18 ;xx. 366Praxippus of Cyprus, coin of, xi.144Pretoria, mint established at, xx.261Priam, medal of, xvii. 314PrianBue. Crete, coins of, xv. 96 ;xix. 94 ;xx. 366

GENERAL INDEX. 31Probus, coins of, xvi. 242 ;xvii.129 ;xx. 217Probus, medallion of, xi. 159Proclamation on the new coinageof 1893, xiii. 150Prusa ad Olympum, coin of, xviii.106Psophis, Arcadia, coins of, xx. 366Ptolemy I of Egypt, coins of, xx.26, 371Ptolemy I and II of Egypt, coinsof Tyre, xx. 371Pudukota, defaced Roman aureifound at, xix. 81, 82Pudukota, Roman aurei from, xviii.304Pupienus, coin of, xvi. 201Purwaditya, Indo-Scythic ruler,coins of, xiv. 285Pygela. Ionia, altered to Phygelaon coins, xviii. 330Q.Quarter-florin or Helm, gold, ofEdward III, xx. 233 et seqq.Quintillus, coins of, xx. 216R.Rafi-ad-darajat, coins of, xvi. 173Raja Lakhana Udayaditya, coinsof, xiv. 279Rajatarangim, a History of Kashmir,quoted, xiv. 248, 250Ramsay, Prof. W. M. this HistoricalGeography of Asia Minor,noticed, xi. IllRawlings, Miss G-. B,her Story ofthe British Coinage, noticed, xviii.279Reading, coins struck at, xviii. 281Reading mint, the, xiii. 53Reber, B., his Fragments numismatiquessur le Canton d'Argovie,noticed, xiii. 149Mevue Beige de Numiswatique, numismaticprize of, xix. 82Revue Numismatique, noticed, 1890,xi. 105 ; 1891, ib. 418 ; 1891, xii.174 ; 1892, ib. 250, 326 ;xiii. 73 ;1893, ib. 146, 230;xiv. 81 ; 1894,ib. 180, 340 ;xv. 316 ; 1896, xvi.345Rhauous, Crete, coins of, xi, 129 ;xx. 366Rhegium, Bruttii, coins of, xi. 364 ;xiv. 210 ;xvi. 9, 185, 189; xvii.173Rhegium, Bruttii, seated figure oncoins of, xix. 5Rheinau, bracteates of, xix. 24Raizus, Thessaly, coin of, xx. 9Rhodes, coin of, xviii. 114Khodhovani, coins from, xiv. 94Rhoemetaloes, King of Bosporus",coin of, xviii. 103Richard I, coins of, xvii. 235Richard II, coins of, xvi. 80 ;xviii.10, 55Richard III, coins of, xii. 225 ;xx.166, 174Richard III, angel of, xv. 117Richarl, Earl of Cornwall, coins of ,xiii. 278 ;note on the arms of,xiv. 85Richard, L., bronze -founder, xiii.305Richborough, supposed Romanmint at, under Carausius, xx. 52Rickmansworth Token, xiii. 282RIDE, legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 114, 147Ridgeway, Prof. W., his Origin ofMetallic Currency and WeightStandards, noticed, xii. 347Rings, Celtic bronze, found atH'onlev, xviii. 296Ringn, Roman gold, found at Sully,xx. 27, 63Rithymna, Crete, coin of, xiv. 91Robert H of Scotland, coins of,xviii. 10, 37, 72Robert, Earl of Gloucester, forgedcoins of, xix. 246Rochester, mint of, under Ecgbeorht,xiv. 63Rogat, E., medallist, xiv. 11 7Roman coins, finds of, in India, xi.199 ;xix. 263 ;at Colchester, xi413; at Cologne, xii. 179; atBrickendonbury, xvi. 191 at;Bishops' s Wood, xvi. 209 ;atCadbury camp, xvi. 238 at Cambridge,xvii. 119, 251 ;;on theTheodule Pass, xvii. 127; atHonley, xvii. 296 in Eastern;Counties, xviii. 126 ;at Pudukota,xviii. 304 ;xix. 81, 82 ;atSully, xx. 27 ; atCarhayes,xx.209Roman family coins found withthose of the Brigantes, xvii. 296 ;found in India, xix. 263

32 GENERAL INDEX..Roman gold coins found in Pudukota,xviii. 304Roman large brass coins, forgeriesof, xii. 255Roman medallions, rare and unpublished,xi. 152 xvi. 40;Roman quadrans found in theTheodule Pass, xvii. 131Roman silver plated coins found inIndia, xviii. 319Roman silver system as affected byDionysius of Syracuse, xiv. 226Ross, Lt.-Col. Sir Patrick, medalof, xiv. 87Roty, L. O., medallist, xiv. 118R. S. R. on coins of Carausius, xx.52, 53Rula, short-cross pennies struck at,xvii. 242Runes, on Northumbrian coins, xiii.269Runic inscriptions on Anglo-Saxoncoins, xiv. 20Russian coin found at Xesboe, xiii.39S.Sabina, coins of, xviii. 136, 169; xx.16Sable, Robert de, of Cyprus, coin of,xi. 148Sacaba, Lycia, coin of, xviii. 206Saffarls, coins of the, xii. 162Sagakssus, Pisidia, coins of, xix.106 ;xx. 368Sagau, , medallist, xiv. 120St. Albans, token of, xiii. 285St. Edmundsbury, see Bury St.EdmundsSt. Gall, bracteates of, xix. 24St. Ida marries Ecgberht ofWessex, xx. 74St. Patrick halfpenny, &c., date ofissue and currency of, xix. 46Salamis, Cyprus, coins of, xi. 141 ;xvi. 29Salmaeis, Caria, coins assigned to,xi. 140Salonina, coins of, xviii. 117, 119 ;xx. 30, 46, 213Saloninns, coins of, xvii. 89 ;xx.30,47, 208Samanls, coins of the, xii. 162Samos, coins of, xvi. 24 ;xix. 101Samudra-Grupta, coins of, xi. 53San'a, coin of the Beni Rasul,struck at, xiv. 88Sanabares of Parthia, coins of, xiii.218Santa Maria di Licodia, Sicily,find of coins at, xi. 217SARAPO, legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 120Sardes, Lydia, coins of, xv. 100 ;xvii. 190Sanaa, Scythian dynast, coin of,xix. 88Sassanian coins, attribution of certainsilver, xvi. 246Saturn on coins of the Kushans, xii.153Saulini, T., medallist, xiv. 120Savatra, Lycaonia, coin of, xiii. 19Saxon gold trientes struck in Britain,xiii. 259Sceattas, find of, near Cambridge,xiv. 18Scepsis, Troas, coins of, xx. 367Schaffhausen, bracteates of, xix.25Scharff, A., medallist, xiv. 121Schlosser, J. von, his Catalogue ofGreek Coins, Vienna Museum,Thessaly to Epirus, noticed, xiii.72School Tokens, Perkins, xvi. 262Schnitzspahn, C., medallist, xiv.122Schulz, Otto, engraves dies for coinsof the South African Republic,xx. 258Schwyz, bracteates of, xix. 26Scione, Macedonia, coins of, xi.121 ;xviii. 193, 255Scottish coins found at Balcombe,xviii. 10, 36, 72Scytho-Sassanian coins, xiii. 166Seasons, The, on Vauxhall tickets,xviii. 81Sebaste, Paphlagonia, coins of, xv.275Sebastopol, medals of, xiii. 292,807Sebaatopolis-Heracleopolis, Pontus,coin of, xviii. 102" Sede Vacante" coins of Canterbury,xiv. 47Segesta, Sicily, coins of, xi. 250,294, 367Segusiavi, G-aul, coins of, xx. 363Seleucia, Pisidia, coins of, xviii.118; xx. 23

GENERAL INDEX. 33Seleucia ad Calycadnum, Cilicia,coins of, xv. 103 ;xviii. 331Seleucus, King of Babylon, coinsof, xviii. 326Seleucus I of Syria, coins of, xviii.225 ;xx. 293Seleucus II of Syria, coins of, xviii.242Seleucus I II of Syria, coins of, xviii.242Selge, Pisidia, coins of, xii. 18 ;xv.287 ;xviii. 118; xix. 106Selinus, Sicily, coins of, xi. 222,265, 277, 368 ;xvii. 19 ;xx.364Seljuks, coins of the, xii. 166Semtia, Lycia, coins of, xviii. 203,245Sepia on uncertain coin of Etruria,xx. 2Septiraius Severus, coins of, xi.415 ; xiii. 14, 22 ;xvi. 193; xvii.69, 121, 132; xviii. 105, 118,150, 172, 291, 292 ;xx. 17, 22,29, 34Serrure and Engel, Traitede Numismattquedu Moyen Age, noticed,xi. 114; xiv. 294Seuthes I, King of Thrace, coinsof, xii. 4Severus, see Septimius SeverusSeverus II, coins of, xix. 211 etseqq. ;xx. 1 10 et seqq. ;299 etseqq.Severus Alexander, coins of, xi.417 ;xiii. 7 ;xvi. 197 ;xvii. 78,123, 252; xviii. 167, 189; xx.22, 30, 38, 101Severus Alexander, medallions of,xi. 158Shah Akbar II, coins of, xvi. 178Shah Alam II, coins of, xvi. 176,181Shah Jahan I, coins of, xvi. 167Shah Jahan III, coins of, xvi. 176Shahi Jabuvla, coins of, xiv. 278,283Shahi Jara, coins of, xiv. 282Shahi Tigin, coin of, xiv. 291Shams- ad-dm-Daud, coins of, xviii.266, 270SHAREWAR, legend on coins ofthe Kushans, xii. 114, 116SherAlI, coins of ,xvi. 294, 329,337Short-cross pennies found in France,xvii. 235Shrewsbury mint under Henry III,xix. 112Sicilian coins, xviii. 321, 326Sicilian Numismatics, contributionsto, xiv. 189 ;xvi. 101Sicily, coins of, xix. 251Siculo-Punic coins, xi. 268, 369Sicyon, coins of, xix. 254Side, Pamphylia, coins of, xvii194 ;xviii. 117; xx. 291Sidon, Phoenicia, coins of, xi. 422 ;xiv. 334Sigeium, Troas, coins of, xiv. 306Silphium on coins, xi. 7Simon, J. H., medallist, xiv. 123Sinatruces, King of Parthia, coinsof, xx. 193 et seqq.Sinope, Paphlagonia, coins of, xiii.7 ;xv. 169Siscia. mint of, during the ConstantinePeriod, xx. 297SKANDA-KUMARA and VISA-theKHA, legends on coins ofKushans, xii. 106Skye, find of coins in, xiii. 220Smyrna, Ionia, coin of, xvi. 99Smyrna, Ionia, its proconsul, xx.367Smyrna, Ionia, unpublished orrare coins of in the BodleianLibrary, xx. 203Smyrna and Caesarea, coin of, xvi.99Smyrna and Troas, coins of, xii.204, 206Socha, coins of, xv. 206Soli-Pompeiopolis, Cilicia, coinwith head of Chrysippus, xx.368Solon, his monetary legislation,xv. 184 ;his reform of the AtticStandard, xvii. 284Solothurn, bracteates of, xix. 26Sosion, the Syracusan coin - engraver,xi. 2632OTER = 2QTHP, on coins ofHimera, xviii. 188South African Kepublic, coinageof, xx. 252Spintaza, dynast of Telmessus,coin of, xiii. 15Spithridates, satrap of Ionia andLydia, coin of, xx. 289Sppndaza, dynast of Telmessus,coins of, xv. 27Stasioicos of Cyprus, coin of, xvi.32

GENERAL INDEX.Staudigel, T\, medallist, xiv. 123Stephen, coins of, xvi. 59Stephen, baronial coin of time of,xvi. 275Stephen, forged coins of, xix. 207Stephen, penny of, xv. 110Stettner, J. T., medallist, xiv. 124Storrie, John, his account of coinsand rings found at Sully, xx.26Straits Settlements, tokens of, xv.135Strassen, M. zur, see Zur Strassen,M.Stuckhart, F., medallist, xiv. 124Stymphalus, Arcadia, coins of, xx.366Sully, near Cardiff, Roman coinsand rings found at, xx. 27Sultan Mahommed, coins of, xvi.335Sumatra, coins of, xv. 143Sung-yun, Chinese Pilgrim, quoted,. xiv. 247Svoronos, J. N., his Numismatiquede la Crete Ancienne, noticed, xi.109 ;his Ancient Coins in theCrete,Ephemeris Archaeologica, 1890,noticed, xi. 110; The Coin Cabinetat Athens, noticed, xiii. 234 ;his Coins, relating to Zeus innoticed, xiii. 237 ;his Britomartis,In soi-disante Europe, &c.,noticed, xiv. 182 ; 'laropia TUIVvofjuff/jaraiv, noticed, xviii. 280Swiss bracteates in the BritishMuseum, xix. 12Sybaris and Croton, coin of, xvi. 9Sybrita, Crete, coin of, xv. 97Syedra, Cilicia, coin of, xviii. 119Syracusan coinage, chronology ofthe, xi. 348Syracusan " medallions " and theirengravers, xi. 205Syracusan "medallions," weightof, xi. 249 ; history of, ib. 325Syracuse, Sicily, coins of, xi. 117,221, 368 ;xii. 2 ;xiv. 189, 202 ;xvi. 10; xvii. 99, 273; xx. 274,364Syracuse and Messana, alliance of,xvi. 117Syria, coins of, xix. 258Syria, kings of, their coins, xx.369Sysinas of Sinope, coin of, xiv.302T.Tachos of Egypt, gold coin of,xx. 370Tacitus, coins of, xvi. 241 ;xx. 217Taghlak Shah, coin of, xiv. 185Talabahi, Lycia, coin of, xv. 38Talent, the reduced Sicilian, xiv.223Taranath, his history of Buddhism,quoted, xiv. 248Tarentum, Calabria, coins of, xii.22 ;xiv. 231 ;xvi. 188 ;xvii.18, 96, 270 ;xix. 86 ;xx. 364Tarra, Crete, coin of, xvi. 19Tarsus, Cilicia, coins of, xi. 300 ;xii. 207 ;xiv. 326 ;xv. 192 ;xx.369Tarsus, tesserae of, relating to thedistribution of coin, xx. 96, 103,105Tarsus and Posidium, coins of, xiv.326Tasset, E. P., medallist, xiv. 125Taththivaibi, Lycia, coins of, xv.25 ;see also TeththiveebisTavium, Galatia, coin of, xiii. 19Teimiusa, Cyanea, coins of, xviii.201Telmessus, Lycia, coins of, xviii.201, 212Telmessus, Lycia, dynasts of, xv. 18Temnus, Aeolis, coin of, xix. 99Tenea, Achaia, coin of, xviii. 102Tenedos, coins of, xiii. 89; xvii.113; xviii. 329Tenos, coins of, xv. 273Tt-rina, Bruttii, coins of, xvii. 98 ;xx. 364Termessos, Pi&idia, coins of, xvii.26Tesserae of Tarsus, xx. 96, 103, 105Teththiveebis, coin of, xiii. 16 ;seealso TaththiviiibiTetricus I, coins of, xvi. 245 ;xx.215Tetricus II, coins of, xx. 215Thap . . . , dynast of Telmessus,coin of, xv. 18Thasos, coins of, xiii. 4 ;xv. 92 ;xvii. 102Thebes, Boeotia, coin of, xx. 11Theodora, coins of, xvi. 214, 234Theodosius I, coins of, xii. 180 ;xvii. 133Theodule Pass, Roman coins foundin the, xvii. 127

GENERAL INDEX. 35eEOHATOPOS, title of, its earliestoccurrence on coins of Parthia,&c., xx. 1926 EOS, title of Antimachus ofBactria, xviii. 3326 EOT, title on Parthian coins,xx. 94 on Bactrian coins, ib.95 ;;its earliest occurrence onParthian, &c., coins, ib. 192Thessalian confederacy, coins ofthe, xii. 8Thessaly, coins of, xvi. 89 ;xviii.286 ;xix. 253Thrace, coins of, xviii. 327 ;xix.. 253Thraco-Macedonian coin, uncertain,xv. 93Thymbra, Troas, coin of, xvi. 23Thyrrheium, Acarnania, coin of,xx. 284Tiberiopolis, Phrygia, coins of,xviii. 331Tiberius, coins of, xi. 199 ;xvii.42 ;xviii. 307 ;xix. 193, 265Timarchos of Paphos, coin of, xi.145Timotheos of Cyzicus, coin of, xviii.197Tin-plated Syracusan medallion,xiv. 221Tiraeus II of Characene, coin of,xix. 107Tnidates, King of Parthia, coinsof, xiii. 206 ; xx. 190 et seqq.Titiopolis, Cilicia, coins of, xiv. 16 ;xx. 293Titus, coins of, xvii. 50 ;xviii. 130Titus and Julia, coin of, xvii. 52Tityros or Tisyros, xi. 417Tlos, Lycia, coins of, xv. 42 xviii.;214Tokens, early, of Bristol, xix. 350Tokens of Ceylon, xv. 247Tokens of Hertfordshire, xiii. 282Tolstoi, Count F. P., medallist,xiv. 126Tonagura, coin of, xv. 24Toramana of Kashmir, coins of,xix. 151Toramana of Kashmir, inscriptionof, xiv. 249, 251Tottnau, bracteates of, xix. 27Touchstone, the use of, as exercisedby the Greeks, xv. 104Trajan, coins of, xiv. 100 ;xv.208, 277; xvii. 56; xviii. 131,169Trajan Decius, coins of, xvi. 201 ;xviii. 106 ;xx. 30, 43Tralles, Lydia, coin of, xix. 103Transvaal arms, mistake in, xx.257Transvaal coinage, see South AfricanRepublic, &c.Trapezopolis, Caria, coin of, xviii.330Trbbonimi, Lycia, coin of, xv.40Trebenna, Lycia, coin of, xix.105Trebonianus Gallus, coins of, xx.30, 44Tree, uprooting of the, on coin ofMagnesia, xii. 89Trentacoste, D., medallist, xiv.126Tricca, Thessaly, coin of, xi. 125Triloka, Indo-Scythic king, coinsof, xiv. 284Tripoli, Cyrenaic coins found at,xix. 175Tripolis, Phoenicia, era of Alexanderthe Great at, xx. 370Triune on Manx coins, origin ofthe, xix. 38Troas, coins of, xix. 256Troas and Smyrna, coins of, xii.204, 206Turushka Dynasty, coins of the,xiii. 219Tulunis, coin of the, xii. 166Tyana, Cappadocia, coin of, xiii.19Types of English coins, xii. 257U.Uala, Lycia. coins of, xv. 24Uhlmann, W., medallist, xiv. 126Ukug, Lycia, coins of, xv. 23Uncertain electrum coins, xiii. 86Uncertain Greek coins, xviii. 120,121, 122, 287 ;xix. 278, 287Uranius Antoninus, coins of, xvii.80Uranopolis, Macedonia, coin of, xx.364"Urbs Roma," coins of, xvi. 221,237 ;xvii. 133 ;xix. 238 ;xx.355Uri, bracteates of, xix. 27Urtukis, coins of the, xii. 168Utavo, Lycia, coin of, xv. 17

36 GENERAL INDEX.V.1coins,Vad . . , Lycia, coin of, xv. 41Vakhssara of Patara (?), coin of,xv. 34Valens, coin of, xvii. 133Valentinian II, coins of, xii. 179 ;xvii. 133Valerian I, coins of, xv. 289 ; x^i.245 ; xvii. '86 ;xx. 30, 45 ;xx.212Valerian II, coins of, xx. 30, 47VANINDA, legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 105Varahran, Indo-Scythic king ,of, xiii. 181Vasu Deva, Indo-Scythic king1coins of, xii. 50, 123; xiv. 290,292Vauxhall Gardens, tickets of, xviii.73Vechte, A., medallist, xiv. 126Velia, Lucania, coins of, xii. 185 ;xvi. 188Vellalore, Southern India, find ofcoins at, xi. 199Ventidius Fronto, duumvir atCoriuth, xviii. 291Venus on coins of the Kushans,xii. 143Vemitius, the history of, xvii.298Verbe, Pisidia, coins of, xv. 102 ;xx. 23Verica, unpublished silver coin of,xx. 264Vernon, Admiral, unpublishedmedal of, xx. 180Verulam, coin of, found at Ostend,xix. 262Verus, see Lucius VerusVespasian, coins of, xvii. 47, 297 ;xviii. 129, 317Vettii,Casa dei, wall painting in the,at Pompeii, xvi. 53 ; xviii. 294Victoria, Manx coins of, xix. 64Victorinus, coins of, xvi. 240;xvii. 132 ;xx. 214Vienna Museum, Catalogue ofGreek Coins in thc y noticed, xiii.72Vikrama, era, origin of the, xiv.251Vill abate, Sicily, find of coins at,xiv. 201Viminiacum, Moesia, coin of, xx.364VISAKHA, legend on coins of theKushans, xii. 106Vitellius, coins of, xvii. 46 ; xviii.129Vivier, M. N. M., medallist, xiv.128Voigt, C. F., medallist, xiv. 129VOLISIOS, legend on Britishcoins, xvii. 297Vologeses II, King of Parthia,coin of, xiii. 216Volusian, coins of, xvii. 14 ;xx.30, 45Vonones I, King of Parthia, legendon his coins, xx. 93Vries, S. de, medallist, xiv. 131W.Waldshut, bracteates of, xix. 28Wall Mahommed Khan, coinsof,xvi. 305, 341Wall Sher AH, coins of, xvi. 288,341Wall Ullah Shah, coins of, xviii.271Wallingford, find of groats at,Henry VI Henry VII, xii. 220WarMedaU, by 1). Hastings Irwin,noticed, xix. 83Wardrobe counters of Edward III,xv. 168; xx. 242Ware, token of, xiii. 205Watford, British coin found near,xvi. 183Wazlr Fatteh, coins of, xvi. 291Weardbyrig, mint of, xiii. 220Webb, W. W., his Currencies of theHindu States of Rajputana, noticed,xiii. 338Weckwerth, H., medallist, xiv. 133Weigand, E., medallist, xiv. 134Wema (or Hema) Kadphises, coinsof, xii. 47" Wereric," coins reading, xvi. 64Wessex, coins of, xiv. 57Western Sicily, find of coins in,xi. 364Whaplorte, find of coins at, xi. 202White Huns, coins of the, xiv. 243White Huns, their tribal name,xiv. 258Wiener, C., medallist, xiv. 135Wiener, J., medallist, xiv. 138Wiener, L., medallist, xiv. 139Wiglaf, King of Mercia, coins of,xiv. 40 ;xx. 156

GENERAL INDEX. 37Wiglaf, King of Mercia. expelledby Ecgberht, xx. 82 his; return,ib. 83WIGRAED, inscription on Saxonsceattas. xiv. 21" Willelmus Duo," coins of, xvi.63William I and II, coins of, xi. 25,161 ;xiii. 129 ; supposed forgeriesof coins of, xvii. 226William, King of the Romans,coins of, xiii. 280William the Lion, penny of, xvii.244Wilton or Witney, PAX penniesattributed to, xi. 161Winchester, Saxon mint at, xiii.265 short-cross ; pennies of, xvii.244Wind-gods, representations of, xi.6Witney or Wilton, PAX penniesattributed to, xi. 161Wittig, H., medallist, xiv. 140Wolf, B., medallist, xiv. 140Wulfred, Archbishop of Canterbury,coins of, xiv. 44Wiirden, C., medallist, xiv. 140X.Xanthus, Lycia, coins of, xv, 28,32 ; xviii. 199, 203Y.YakubKhan, coins of, xvi. 299, 340Yasodharman, inscriptions of, xiv.249York, coins of, Edward I to RichardII, xviii. 9, 10, 18, 21, 23, 31,35, 45, 49, 52York, short -cross pennies of, xvii.243Yorkshire, ancient British coinsfound in, xvii. 293Yue-Ti, coins of, xii. 40, 98Z.Zabuli coins, unassigned, xiv. 276Zaeelii, Macedonia, coin of, xii. 24Zaga, Lycia, coin of, xv. 41Zambaco, Madame M. T., medallist,xiv. 141Zancle, Sicily, coins of, xvi. 101 ;xx. 5Zancle, Sicily, temporary restorationof, xvi. 109Zay, E., his Histoire Monetaire desColonies Franqai

CERATIVE BOOKBINDERS,17, Bury St., London, W.C.CJ1N6ser.3v.20The Numismatic chronicleand journal of the RoyalNumismatic SocietyPLEASE DO NOT REMOVECARDS OR SLIPSFROM THIS POCKETUNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY