Dictionary

OOPRR Office of Protection from Research Risks, NationalInstitutes of Health, Department of Health and HumanServices (HHS). Responsible for the administration andinterpretation of HHS policy and regulations for the protectionof human subjects and the care and use of animals in research.Is being replaced by the Office for Human ResearchProtections (OHRP) of the US Department of Health andHuman Services.optic chiasm [op´ tik • ky´ azm] The area under thehypothalamus where the optic nerve crosses over to theopposite side of the brain.optic glioma [op´ tik • glee o´ ma] The generic name givento a glial tumor of the optic region. These tumors can involvethe optic chiasm, the optic nerve and the optic tract. Theymight affect the optic nerve alone, or extend along the visualpathway. Optic gliomas most often occur in children under theage of 10, and are sometimes linked to the presence ofneurofibromatosis type 1. Also called optic tract glioma.opticnerve 2nd cranial nerve.orphan disease A disease with an annual incidence in theUnited States of fewer than 200,000.OSHI Office of Special Health Issues. An FDA Cancer LiaisonProgram linking patients and consumers with FDA cancerrelatedactivities.otolaryngologist [o toe lair in gol´ o jist] A physician trained indiagnosing and treating diseases of the ear, the nose, andthroat.ototoxicity [oh toe tock sis´ ih tea] Harmful to the ear andhearing.OTR Registered Occupational Therapist.OTSG Oligodendroglioma Tumor Study Group, an NCI fundedclinical cooperative group organized to evaluate new treatmentsin adult patients with oligodendroglioma brain tumors.overexpress An excess of a particular protein on the surface ofa cell.P01 Grant Research Program Project Grant awarded by theNational Cancer Institute. This type of grant provides supportfor a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term researchprogram which has a specific major objective or basic theme.A program project is directed toward a range of problemshaving a central research focus, in contrast to the usuallynarrower thrust of the traditional research project.p16 gene A tumor-suppressor gene which, if lost, permitstumor progression.P30 Grant Cancer Center Core Grant awarded by the NationalCancer Institute. This type of grant provides support for thenecessary shared resources and facilities of Cancer Centers.P50 Grant Specialized Center Grant awarded by the NationalCancer Institute. This type of grant supports research activitiesfocused on a specific disease. They are usually developed inresponse to a program announcement for a SPORE.p53 gene A gene that normally inhibits the growth of tumors.This gene is altered (mutated) in many types of cancer.PA-C Physician’s Assistant, Clinical.PAG Patient Advocacy Groups.palliative care [pal´ ee ah tiv] Therapy with a goal of relievingsymptoms and improving quality of life. Also involves offeringsupport and guidance to the patient and family. It does notattempt to alter the course of the disease.palsy [pawl´ zee] Paralysis or paresis.papillary craniopharyngioma [pap´ ih lair ee • kray´ nee o fahrin jee o´ ma] A type of craniopharyngioma that occurs mostcommonly in adults and is a usually a solid tumor.OP8687