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copyright 2006 Benjamin Crowellrev. June 6, 2011This book is licensed under the Creative <strong>Commons</strong>Attribution-ShareAlike license, version 1.0,http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/, exceptfor those photographs and drawings of which I am notthe author, as listed in the photo credits. If you agreeto the license, it grants you certain privileges that youwould not otherwise have, such as the right to copy thebook, or download the digital version free of charge fromwww.lightandmatter.com. At your option, you may alsocopy this book under the GNU Free DocumentationLicense version 1.2, http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.txt,with no invariant sections, no front-cover texts, and noback-cover texts.2
Brief Contents1 Conservation of Mass and Energy 72 Conservation of Momentum 393 Conservation of Angular Momentum 634 Relativity 735 Electricity 956 Fields 1137 The Ray Model of Light 1338 Waves 163For a semester-length course, all seven chapters can be covered. For a shorter course, thebook is designed so that chapters 1, 2, and 5 are the only ones that are required for continuity;any of the others can be included or omitted at the instructor’s discretion, with the onlyconstraint being that chapter 6 requires chapter 4.3
Page 4 and 5: ContentsMomentum compared to kineti
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1Conservation of Mass andEn
Page 9 and 10: 1.2 Conservation of MassWe intuitiv
Page 11 and 12: masses on the spring, and they both
Page 13 and 14: A common source of confusion is the
Page 15 and 16: Discussion questionA Each of the fo
Page 17 and 18: l / Galileo Galilei was the first p
Page 19 and 20: that this wasn’t really an argume
Page 21 and 22: the girl on the left goes up a cert
Page 23 and 24: 1. kinetic energy2. gravitational e
Page 25 and 26: In fact, your body uses up even mor
Page 27 and 28: kinetic energy is twice as much. Bu
Page 29 and 30: ather than flying off straight. New
Page 31 and 32: of mass?Actually they’re not even
Page 33 and 34: ecause the square of the speed of l
Page 35 and 36: ProblemsKey√∫⋆A computerized
Page 37 and 38: 13 How high above the surface of th
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 2Conservation ofMomentumFan
Page 41 and 42: win the Martian version of the Nobe
Page 43 and 44: a / How can we prove that this coll
Page 45 and 46: all.This is exactly like the rules
Page 47 and 48: Unequal masses example 4⊲ Suppose
Page 49 and 50: ForceDefinition of forceWhen moment
Page 51 and 52: ent relationship:(fingers on scale)
Page 53 and 54:
pressed in modern units). If the ea
Page 55 and 56:
p / A bowling ball is in the back o
Page 57 and 58:
Kepler’s law of periodsLet T , ca
Page 59 and 60:
2.5 WorkImagine a black box 8 , con
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ProblemsKey√∫⋆A computerized
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A tornado touches down in Spring Hi
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pensated for by an overall increase
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Kepler’s equal-area law example 4
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Torque distinguished from forceOf c
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Chapter 4RelativityComplaining abou
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motion of the apparatus. For instan
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fore Einstein. In fact, George Fitz
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We are used to thinking of time as
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j / In the garage’s frame of refe
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is now sufficiently advanced to all
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astronauts had twin siblings back o
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The derivation of the correct relat
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efore the collision0 1.60.9 0.7afte
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e the same as they always were. The
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(b) Show that your result is approx
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Chapter 5ElectricityWhere the teles
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to the egg.Luckily, we now know eno
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“A” as negative, but it really
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The main subtlety involved in this
Page 103 and 104:
Note that an example like g/3 does
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⊲ An ampere-hour is a unit of cur
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portional to the voltage difference
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ing your feet on a carpet, and then
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Page 113 and 114:
This sunspot is a product of the su
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directions strongly evokes wave met
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The electric fieldThe definition of
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trical interaction. This seems like
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except that the bottom charge is no
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q / The force on a charged particle
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time it took for the black coil’s
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charge, there will be magnetic fiel
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z / Panel 1 shows the electromagnet
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used to make images of individual a
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Chapter 7The Ray Model of Light7.1
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Today, photography provides the sim
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Interaction of light with matterAbs
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g / Examples of ray diagrams.h / Th
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in their passing out of one medium
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Figure k shows what happens if you
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m / At double the distance, the par
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infrared, you don’t emit visible
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infinitesimally from it. In figure
Page 151 and 152:
physical shape of the mirror’s su
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Sketch another copy of the face in
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Discussion questionsA The figure sh
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DLocate the images formed by the pe
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Problem 2.4 In this chapter we’ve
Page 161 and 162:
signals to travel between you and t
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“The Great Wave Off Kanagawa,”
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amplitude, A. The definition of amp
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a single hump or trough. If you hit
Page 169 and 170:
Surfing example 3The incorrect beli
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Sound wavesThe phenomenon of sound
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do they signify in the case of a wa
Page 175 and 176:
⊲ Solving for wavelength, we have
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Appendix 1: Photo CreditsExcept as
Page 181 and 182:
Appendix 2: Hints and SolutionsAnsw
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cm, and the distance from the axis
Page 185 and 186:
Foucault, Léon, 17frame of referen
Page 187:
twin paradox, 83units, conversion o
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